1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
32 #include <sys/resource.h>
33 #include <linux/sched.h>
34 #include <sys/types.h>
38 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
40 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
62 #include <sys/xattr.h>
63 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
67 /* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
68 * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
69 * version which is really broken. */
73 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
85 #include "path-util.h"
86 #include "exit-status.h"
90 #include "device-nodes.h"
95 #include "sparse-endian.h"
97 /* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
98 assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
101 char **saved_argv = NULL;
103 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
104 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
106 size_t page_size(void) {
107 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
110 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
113 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
120 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
122 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
133 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
140 pl = strlen(postfix);
143 return (char*) s + sl;
148 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
151 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
154 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
161 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
162 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
163 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
174 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
181 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
184 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
188 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
189 char * buf_old = buf;
235 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
236 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
237 * g_strescape() does the same */
238 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
240 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
241 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
242 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
248 return buf - buf_old;
251 int close_nointr(int fd) {
258 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
261 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
262 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
263 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
264 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
272 int safe_close(int fd) {
275 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
276 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
277 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
279 * fd = safe_close(fd);
285 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
286 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
287 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
288 * the fd was invalid at all... */
290 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
296 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
299 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
301 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
305 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
316 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
319 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
321 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
327 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
328 unsigned long ul = 0;
335 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
341 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
351 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
352 unsigned long ul = 0;
359 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
365 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
368 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
369 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
372 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
373 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
380 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
388 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
390 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
391 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
393 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
396 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
400 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
408 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
411 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
413 if ((long) (int) l != l)
420 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
428 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
430 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
431 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
433 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
440 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
448 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
450 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
451 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
453 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
460 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
468 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
470 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
471 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
473 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
480 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
482 unsigned long long l;
488 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
490 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
491 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
497 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
505 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
507 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
508 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
514 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
522 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
523 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
527 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
529 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
531 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
539 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
540 bool escaped = false;
543 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
546 else if (s[n] == '\\')
548 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
552 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
556 /* Split a string into words. */
557 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
563 assert(**state == '\0');
567 current += strspn(current, separator);
573 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
574 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
576 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
577 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
578 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
579 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
583 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
584 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
586 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
587 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
588 /* unfinished escape */
592 *state = current + *l;
594 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
595 *state = current + *l;
601 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
603 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
615 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
616 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
620 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
621 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
622 * skip over it manually */
624 p = strrchr(line, ')');
636 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
639 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
644 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
649 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
655 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
658 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
662 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
666 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
670 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
671 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
675 p = strrchr(line, ')');
681 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
684 return (unsigned char) state;
687 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
694 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
696 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
703 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
704 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
712 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
718 if (max_length == 0) {
719 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
721 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
723 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
728 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
738 r = new(char, max_length);
744 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
766 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
773 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
775 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
783 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
787 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
796 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
808 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
813 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
817 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
820 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
825 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
831 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
833 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
836 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
842 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
844 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
849 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
856 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
857 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
861 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
868 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
869 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
879 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
884 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
889 if (startswith(l, field)) {
891 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
893 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
895 return parse_uid(l, uid);
902 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
903 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
906 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
907 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
908 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
911 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
916 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
918 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
921 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
926 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
928 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
931 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
932 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
933 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
936 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
941 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
947 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
948 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
952 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
954 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
964 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
972 return strndup(suffix, b);
981 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
984 r = new(char, a+b+1);
989 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
995 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
996 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
999 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1014 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1021 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1032 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1033 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1036 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1037 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1041 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1045 value = basename(link);
1049 value = strdup(value);
1058 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1059 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1066 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1070 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1078 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1085 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1089 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1096 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1101 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1104 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1105 struct sigaction sa = {
1106 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1107 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1110 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1111 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1114 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1115 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1116 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1117 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1124 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1127 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1130 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1136 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1139 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1140 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1142 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1144 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1145 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1153 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1156 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1158 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1159 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1170 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1177 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1178 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1181 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1182 return strdup(filename);
1184 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1186 return strdup(filename);
1188 k = strlen(filename);
1189 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1193 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1197 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1206 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1207 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1213 /* Skip last component */
1214 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1217 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1218 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1224 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1227 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1236 if (errno != ENOENT)
1243 char hexchar(int x) {
1244 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1246 return table[x & 15];
1249 int unhexchar(char c) {
1251 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1254 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1255 return c - 'a' + 10;
1257 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1258 return c - 'A' + 10;
1263 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1267 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1271 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1272 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1273 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1280 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1286 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1290 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1293 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1295 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1299 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1306 char octchar(int x) {
1307 return '0' + (x & 7);
1310 int unoctchar(char c) {
1312 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1318 char decchar(int x) {
1319 return '0' + (x % 10);
1322 int undecchar(char c) {
1324 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1330 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1336 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1338 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1342 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1343 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1350 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1357 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1359 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1361 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1366 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1368 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1369 size_t remaining = s + length - f;
1370 assert(remaining > 0);
1372 if (*f != '\\') { /* a literal literal */
1377 if (--remaining == 0) { /* copy trailing backslash verbatim */
1418 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1423 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1426 if (remaining >= 2) {
1427 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1428 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1431 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1432 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1436 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1451 /* octal encoding */
1452 int a = -1, b = -1, c = -1;
1454 if (remaining >= 3) {
1455 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1456 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1457 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1460 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1461 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1465 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1473 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1484 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1485 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1488 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1491 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1494 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1498 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1499 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1502 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1506 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1508 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1509 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1512 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1513 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1523 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1528 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1529 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1530 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1535 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1539 filename[0] == '.' ||
1540 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1541 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1542 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1543 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1544 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1545 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1546 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1547 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1548 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1549 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1550 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1551 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1552 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1553 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1556 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1559 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1562 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1565 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1570 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1575 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1577 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1579 if (nflags == flags)
1582 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1588 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1593 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1598 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1600 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1602 if (nflags == flags)
1605 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1611 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1614 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1616 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1623 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1624 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1628 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1630 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1635 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1636 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1639 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1640 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1642 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1645 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1646 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1653 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1656 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1659 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1660 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1669 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1672 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1673 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1674 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1682 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1685 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1686 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1693 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1694 static const char table[] =
1709 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1713 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1717 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1719 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1725 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1729 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1732 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1735 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1741 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1742 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1743 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1748 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1749 new_termios = old_termios;
1751 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1752 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1753 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1755 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1758 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1759 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1760 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1765 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1767 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1773 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1780 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1781 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1786 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1787 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1791 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1801 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1811 bool need_nl = true;
1814 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1821 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1825 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1828 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1829 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1840 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1845 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1849 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1854 char line[LINE_MAX];
1858 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1865 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1870 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1871 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1873 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1892 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1893 struct termios termios;
1896 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1900 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1901 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1902 * interfere with that. */
1904 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1905 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1907 /* Switch to text mode */
1909 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1911 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1912 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1914 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1919 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1920 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1921 * else will do that for us */
1923 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1924 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1925 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1926 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1927 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1929 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1930 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1931 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1932 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1933 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1934 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1935 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1936 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1937 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1938 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1939 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1940 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1941 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1943 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1944 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1946 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1950 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1951 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1956 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1957 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1959 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1963 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1966 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1971 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1972 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1973 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1974 * retrying a couple of times.
1976 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1979 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1982 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1989 /* Max 1s in total */
1993 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2011 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2012 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2022 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2032 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2038 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2047 int acquire_terminal(
2051 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2054 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2059 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2060 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2061 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2063 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2064 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2065 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2066 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2067 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2068 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2069 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2070 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2072 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2073 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2075 if (!fail && !force) {
2076 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2082 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2090 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2091 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2092 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2096 r = flush_fd(notify);
2101 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2102 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2103 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2104 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2108 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2109 * if we already own the tty. */
2110 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2112 /* First, try to get the tty */
2113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2116 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2118 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2119 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2120 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2121 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2124 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2133 assert(notify >= 0);
2136 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2137 struct inotify_event *e;
2140 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2143 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2144 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2149 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2159 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2161 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2168 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2169 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2178 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2179 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2180 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2181 * an endless loop. */
2182 fd = safe_close(fd);
2187 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2189 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2200 int release_terminal(void) {
2201 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2202 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2203 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2206 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2207 struct sigaction sa_old;
2210 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2214 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2215 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2216 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2218 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2221 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2226 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2231 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2232 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2239 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2240 struct sigaction sa = {
2241 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2242 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2247 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2251 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2252 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2259 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2260 struct sigaction sa = {
2261 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2262 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2267 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2271 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2272 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2279 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2283 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2285 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2289 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2290 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2293 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2300 while (nbytes > 0) {
2303 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2308 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2310 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2311 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2314 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2318 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2332 int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2335 n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
2338 if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
2343 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2344 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2351 while (nbytes > 0) {
2354 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2359 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2360 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2361 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2364 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2371 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2381 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2383 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2384 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2385 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2386 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2387 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2388 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2389 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2391 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2392 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2393 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2394 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2399 unsigned long long factor;
2402 static const struct table iec[] = {
2403 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2404 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2405 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2406 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2407 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2413 static const struct table si[] = {
2414 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2415 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2416 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2417 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2418 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2424 const struct table *table;
2426 unsigned long long r = 0;
2427 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2430 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2435 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2438 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2444 unsigned long long l2;
2450 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2463 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2466 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2467 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2469 if (errno == ERANGE)
2472 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2479 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2481 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2482 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2483 unsigned long long tmp;
2484 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2486 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2487 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2491 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2494 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2510 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2515 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2516 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2517 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2522 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2525 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2526 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2527 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2528 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2529 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2534 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2537 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2541 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2544 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2546 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2547 * sysfs or in /dev */
2550 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2551 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2554 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2555 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2566 if (!de && errno != 0)
2572 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2577 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2578 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2595 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2596 static int have_syscall = -1;
2598 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2601 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2602 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2603 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2604 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2605 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2606 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2608 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2609 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2610 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2611 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2613 have_syscall = true;
2618 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2619 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2620 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2621 have_syscall = false;
2622 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2623 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2624 * remember to use the syscall the
2625 * next time, again, but also read
2626 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2627 * doesn't care about the current
2628 * amount of entropy. */
2629 have_syscall = true;
2633 /* too short read? */
2637 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2639 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2641 return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, true);
2644 void initialize_srand(void) {
2645 static bool srand_called = false;
2647 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2656 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2657 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2658 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2659 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2661 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2663 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2666 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2667 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2670 srand_called = true;
2673 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2677 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2681 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2682 * get a PRNG instead. */
2686 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2690 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2693 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2694 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2695 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2696 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2697 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2698 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2701 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2703 if (program_invocation_name)
2704 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2706 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2710 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2712 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2716 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2721 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2728 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2729 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2733 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2738 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2741 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2742 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2745 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2751 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2754 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2756 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2757 return strdup(u.nodename);
2759 return strdup(u.sysname);
2762 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2765 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2767 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2770 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2773 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2774 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2776 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2778 return strdup("root");
2780 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2784 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2788 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2789 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2791 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2797 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2801 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2806 return lookup_uid(uid);
2809 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2816 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2819 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2829 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2834 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2835 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2852 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2856 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2860 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2862 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2869 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2871 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2873 unsigned long ttynr;
2877 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2878 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2882 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2892 "%*d " /* session */
2897 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2906 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2907 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2908 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2915 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2919 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2921 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2927 /* This is an ugly hack */
2928 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2929 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr)) < 0)
2932 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2933 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2934 * vaguely useful. */
2941 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2943 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2960 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2961 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2966 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2967 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2973 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2978 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2985 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2990 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2993 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2995 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2996 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2997 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3002 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3005 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3006 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3008 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3009 keep_around = false;
3015 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3016 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3019 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3020 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3021 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3022 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3027 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3028 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3032 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3033 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3037 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3039 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3040 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3047 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3050 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3051 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3054 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3057 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3060 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3063 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3068 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3073 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3074 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3076 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3077 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3082 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3085 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3090 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3094 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3095 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3098 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3104 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3105 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3106 * seriously broken system. */
3107 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3108 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3112 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3115 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3119 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3122 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3123 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3128 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3129 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3136 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3141 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3142 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3148 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3151 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3154 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3163 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3164 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3167 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3168 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3171 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3174 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3175 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3176 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3178 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3179 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3182 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3183 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3189 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3192 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3193 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3194 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3196 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3197 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3200 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3201 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3207 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3211 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3214 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3217 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3218 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3228 if (errno != EINVAL)
3235 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3236 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3237 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3238 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3239 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3241 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3245 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3246 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3248 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3251 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3264 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3270 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3278 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3279 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3282 if (!isempty(status)) {
3283 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3284 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3285 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3287 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3290 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3292 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3294 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3300 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3306 va_start(ap, format);
3307 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3313 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3320 const char *e, *word = format;
3325 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3336 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3346 } else if (*e == '$') {
3347 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3364 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3366 k = strappend(r, t);
3380 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3392 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3394 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3396 l = strv_length(argv);
3398 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3402 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3404 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3405 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3410 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3414 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3426 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3436 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3444 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3445 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3457 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3458 struct winsize ws = {};
3460 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3469 unsigned columns(void) {
3473 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3474 return cached_columns;
3477 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3479 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3482 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3488 return cached_columns;
3491 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3492 struct winsize ws = {};
3494 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3503 unsigned lines(void) {
3507 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3508 return cached_lines;
3511 e = getenv("LINES");
3513 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3516 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3522 return cached_lines;
3525 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3526 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3532 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3534 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3535 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3537 return cached_on_tty;
3540 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3543 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3546 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3549 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3550 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3553 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3556 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3563 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3568 assert(percent <= 100);
3569 assert(new_length >= 3);
3571 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3572 return strndup(s, old_length);
3574 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3578 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3580 if (x > new_length - 3)
3588 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3589 new_length - x - 3);
3594 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3598 unsigned k, len, len2;
3601 assert(percent <= 100);
3602 assert(new_length >= 3);
3604 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3605 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3606 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3608 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3609 return strndup(s, old_length);
3611 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3613 if (x > new_length - 3)
3617 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3620 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3623 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3626 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3629 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3632 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3633 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3636 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3640 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3642 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3644 /* make space for ellipsis */
3645 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3648 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3649 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3654 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3655 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3659 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3663 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3668 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3669 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3672 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3673 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3679 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3681 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3686 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3691 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3692 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3697 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3698 struct timespec ts[2];
3700 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3702 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3704 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3711 int touch(const char *path) {
3712 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3715 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3719 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3720 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3721 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3728 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3729 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3734 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3735 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3739 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3749 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3754 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3755 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3757 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3761 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3764 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3775 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3789 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3790 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3791 * failed for an unknown reason.
3792 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3795 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3796 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3798 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3799 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3801 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3808 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3810 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3812 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3813 if (status.si_status != 0)
3814 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3815 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3817 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3819 return status.si_status;
3820 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3821 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3823 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3827 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3831 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3833 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3834 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3842 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3845 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3848 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3854 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3859 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3862 return null_or_empty(&st);
3865 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3870 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3873 return null_or_empty(&st);
3876 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3880 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3882 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3895 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3899 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3901 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3902 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3907 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3908 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3911 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3915 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3916 t = new(char, enc_len);
3920 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3923 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3926 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3929 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3930 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3932 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3933 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3935 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3936 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3938 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3939 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3944 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3947 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3950 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3953 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3956 return streq(tty, "console");
3959 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3964 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3967 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3970 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3973 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3977 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3983 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3986 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3987 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3989 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3992 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3995 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3996 * /dev/console points to */
3997 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
4003 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
4006 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
4007 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
4009 tty = *active = tmp;
4016 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4017 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
4021 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4024 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
4025 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
4030 return tty_is_vc(tty);
4033 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4036 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
4039 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4042 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
4045 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4046 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4047 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4053 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4056 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4057 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4058 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4061 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4064 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4067 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4068 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4069 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
4072 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
4073 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
4075 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4076 reset_signal_mask();
4078 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4080 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4084 seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
4088 STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
4089 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
4092 d = opendir(*directory);
4094 if (errno == ENOENT)
4097 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
4100 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4101 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4105 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4108 if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
4109 log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
4113 r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
4117 path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4121 if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
4122 log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
4128 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4130 } else if (pid == 0) {
4133 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4143 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4146 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4148 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4155 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4156 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4157 * and turn on alarm(). */
4159 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4160 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4162 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4163 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4166 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4169 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4172 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4178 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4182 char **dirs = (char**) directories;
4184 assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
4186 name = basename(dirs[0]);
4187 assert(!isempty(name));
4189 /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
4190 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
4191 * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
4192 * earliest one wins. */
4194 executor_pid = fork();
4195 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4196 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4199 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4200 r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
4201 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4204 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
4207 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4210 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4218 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4224 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4225 if (streq(i, needle))
4231 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4240 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4242 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4243 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4244 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4250 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4257 /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
4258 * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
4259 * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
4262 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4269 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4279 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4285 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4289 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4296 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4297 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4308 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4313 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4315 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4318 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4319 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4328 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4329 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4331 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4336 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4343 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4346 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4348 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4356 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4363 return pollfd.revents;
4366 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4375 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4379 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4385 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4398 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4401 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4407 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4408 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4410 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4414 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4417 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4421 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4422 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4423 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4425 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4428 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4429 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4430 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4432 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4437 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4438 "\033[H" /* move home */
4439 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4446 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4449 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4456 /* Try to deallocate */
4457 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4461 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4470 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4472 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4477 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4478 "\033[H" /* move home */
4479 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4486 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4487 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4493 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4497 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4500 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4508 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4509 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4514 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4518 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4521 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4529 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4530 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4535 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4539 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4542 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4550 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4554 display[0] == ':' &&
4555 display[1] >= '0' &&
4559 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4566 if (!display_is_local(display))
4569 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4571 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4575 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4576 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4585 const char **username,
4586 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4588 const char **shell) {
4596 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4597 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4599 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4617 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4621 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4622 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4623 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4624 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4625 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4627 *username = p->pw_name;
4630 p = getpwnam(*username);
4634 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4646 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4651 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4656 return strdup("root");
4660 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4662 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4668 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4673 return strdup("root");
4677 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4679 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4685 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4691 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4692 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4694 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4695 *groupname = "root";
4703 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4708 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4711 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4715 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4723 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4725 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4727 if (getgid() == gid)
4730 if (getegid() == gid)
4733 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4734 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4736 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4738 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4742 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4749 int in_group(const char *name) {
4753 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4760 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4761 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4767 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4769 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4771 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4774 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4776 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4779 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4780 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4785 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4787 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4789 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4791 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4792 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4794 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4795 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4803 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4809 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4812 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4816 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4817 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4818 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4819 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4820 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4821 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4822 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4828 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4829 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4830 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4831 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4835 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4836 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4848 if (!de && errno != 0)
4853 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4855 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4859 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4860 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4863 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4874 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4880 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4894 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4899 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4923 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4937 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4938 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4940 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4941 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4946 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4953 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4954 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4957 r = access(p, F_OK);
4965 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4966 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4969 r = access(p, F_OK);
4975 /* Get parent dev_t */
4976 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4979 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4985 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4991 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4992 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4995 r = access(p, F_OK);
4999 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5006 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5007 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5008 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5009 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5010 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5013 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
5015 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5016 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5017 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5018 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5019 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5020 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5021 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5024 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5026 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5027 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5028 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5029 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5030 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5031 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5032 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5033 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5034 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5035 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5036 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5037 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5038 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5039 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5040 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5041 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5042 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5043 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5044 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5045 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5046 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5049 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5051 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5052 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5053 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5054 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5056 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5057 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5058 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5059 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5062 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5064 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5065 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5066 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5067 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5068 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5072 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5074 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5075 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5076 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5077 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5078 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5079 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5080 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5081 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5082 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5083 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5084 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5085 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5086 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5087 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5088 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5089 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5090 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5093 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5095 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5096 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5097 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5098 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5099 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5102 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5104 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5121 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5132 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5134 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5140 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5142 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5143 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5146 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5150 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5151 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5153 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5158 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5163 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5167 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5171 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5172 signo = (int) u + offset;
5173 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5179 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5180 bool loaded = false;
5183 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5191 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5193 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5202 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5209 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5212 static const struct {
5216 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5217 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5218 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5219 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5220 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5224 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5227 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5229 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5232 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5233 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5240 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5248 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5261 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5263 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5265 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5266 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5269 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5272 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5273 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5279 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5281 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5283 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5284 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5287 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5290 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5291 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5296 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5297 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5298 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5299 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5307 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5310 parent_pid = getpid();
5312 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5313 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5314 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5315 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5316 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5319 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5320 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5324 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5325 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5332 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5333 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5334 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5336 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5337 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5338 * SIGTERM or so... */
5339 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5340 reset_signal_mask();
5342 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5343 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5344 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5345 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5347 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5348 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5350 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5351 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5353 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5356 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5357 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5358 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5359 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5360 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5361 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5362 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5363 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5365 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5366 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5370 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5373 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5379 /* Count arguments */
5381 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5386 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5388 /* Fill in arguments */
5390 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5391 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5395 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5398 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5399 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5403 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5409 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5410 * to get as close as we can */
5411 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5413 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5414 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5416 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5422 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5423 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5434 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5436 f = fopen(path, "re");
5444 char line[LINE_MAX];
5447 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5451 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5461 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5462 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5476 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
5480 if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
5483 if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
5489 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5495 p = startswith(url, "http://");
5497 p = startswith(url, "https://");
5504 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5507 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5513 if (http_url_is_valid(url))
5516 p = startswith(url, "file:/");
5518 p = startswith(url, "info:");
5520 p = startswith(url, "man:");
5525 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5528 bool in_initrd(void) {
5529 static int saved = -1;
5535 /* We make two checks here:
5537 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5538 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5540 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5541 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5542 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5545 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5546 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5547 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5552 void warn_melody(void) {
5553 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5555 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5559 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5561 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5562 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5564 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5565 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5567 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5568 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5570 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5573 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5576 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5578 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5580 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5584 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5589 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5597 /* Take the user specified one */
5598 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5599 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5608 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5611 h = strdup("/root");
5619 /* Check the database... */
5623 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5625 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5628 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5636 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5644 /* Take the user specified one */
5645 e = getenv("SHELL");
5655 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5658 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5666 /* Check the database... */
5670 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5672 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5675 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5683 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5697 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5703 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5709 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5710 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5713 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5721 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5722 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5724 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5729 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5730 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5733 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5743 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5748 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5751 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5754 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5755 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5758 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5764 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5765 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5766 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5775 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5776 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5779 else if (comparison > 0)
5787 void init_gettext(void) {
5788 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
5789 textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
5792 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5794 static int cached_answer = -1;
5796 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5799 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5800 cached_answer = true;
5804 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5806 cached_answer = true;
5810 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5811 cached_answer = true;
5815 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5816 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5817 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5819 cached_answer = true;
5823 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5827 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5828 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5832 return (bool) cached_answer;
5835 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5836 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5839 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5840 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5841 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5842 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5843 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5844 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5845 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5846 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5849 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5850 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5851 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5852 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5853 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5854 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5855 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5856 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5861 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5864 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5867 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5873 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5874 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5887 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5893 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5894 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5902 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5914 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5915 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5920 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5922 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5928 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5930 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5932 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5936 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5941 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5943 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5944 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5945 else if (*i == '\t')
5952 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5955 } else if (*i == '[') {
5956 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5961 state = STATE_OTHER;
5968 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5969 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5972 state = STATE_OTHER;
5974 } else if (*i == 'm')
5975 state = STATE_OTHER;
5997 int on_ac_power(void) {
5998 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5999 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
6001 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
6003 return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
6007 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
6013 if (!de && errno != 0)
6019 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
6022 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6024 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
6030 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6032 if (errno == ENOENT)
6038 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6042 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
6046 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6048 if (errno == ENOENT)
6054 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6058 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
6061 if (contents[0] == '1') {
6062 found_online = true;
6064 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
6065 found_offline = true;
6070 return found_online || !found_offline;
6073 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
6080 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
6083 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
6084 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
6088 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6090 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6100 if (errno != ENOENT)
6107 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6108 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6114 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6117 f = fopen(path, mode);
6126 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6130 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6133 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6134 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6136 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6139 f = fopen(path, mode);
6148 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6152 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6155 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6162 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6169 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6174 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6183 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6193 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6207 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6215 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6219 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6226 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6233 if (*allocated >= need)
6236 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6237 a = newalloc * size;
6239 /* check for overflows */
6240 if (a < size * need)
6248 *allocated = newalloc;
6252 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6261 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6265 if (*allocated > prev)
6266 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6271 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6277 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6279 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6282 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6283 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6284 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6288 } else if (l == 36) {
6290 /* Formatted UUID */
6292 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6295 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6299 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6300 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6301 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6312 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6327 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6331 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6343 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6344 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6347 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6353 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6356 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6359 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6360 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6362 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6365 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6366 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6372 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6378 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6381 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6387 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6389 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6392 value = strchr(word, '=');
6396 r = parse_item(word, value);
6404 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6405 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6412 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6418 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6421 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6427 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6429 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6433 e = startswith(word, key);
6437 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6443 if (streq(word, key))
6457 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6458 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6466 p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6467 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6475 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6478 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6488 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6489 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6497 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6498 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6506 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6507 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6515 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6516 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6524 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6525 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6531 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6534 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6537 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6542 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6547 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6550 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6554 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6558 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6562 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6565 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6569 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6572 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6575 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6581 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6582 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6587 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6590 return errno != ESRCH;
6593 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6596 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6601 r = get_process_state(pid);
6602 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6608 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6609 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6616 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6620 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6623 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6624 * to namespacing issues */
6627 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6629 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6636 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6648 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6652 if (errno != ERANGE)
6659 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6675 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6676 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6677 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6684 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6691 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6698 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6699 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6704 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6705 p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6707 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6715 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6718 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6721 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6722 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6724 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6725 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6727 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6728 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6733 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6735 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6736 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6737 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6738 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6739 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6740 * used by libseccomp. */
6742 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6744 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6747 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6750 #elif defined(__i386__)
6752 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6756 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6757 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6758 * as error indicator. */
6759 return 0xffffffffUL;
6762 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6764 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6766 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6772 #elif defined(__i386__)
6781 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6784 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6785 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6787 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6790 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6793 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6794 const uint8_t *b = p;
6797 assert(s == 0 || b);
6802 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6804 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6809 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6817 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6822 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6836 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6841 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6843 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6844 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6846 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6851 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6855 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6856 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6857 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6860 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6865 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6866 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6870 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6873 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6874 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6875 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6876 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6877 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6878 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6879 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6880 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6881 "- " /* (8) separator */
6882 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6883 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6884 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6885 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6894 p = cunescape(path);
6898 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6901 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6917 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6920 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6922 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6926 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6927 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6928 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6931 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6932 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6933 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6934 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6935 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6936 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6937 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6938 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6939 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6940 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6941 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6942 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6943 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6945 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6949 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6951 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6956 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6957 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6958 bool top_autofs = false;
6960 unsigned long orig_flags;
6962 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6966 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6967 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6971 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6974 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6975 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6976 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6977 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6978 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6979 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6980 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6981 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6982 "- " /* (8) separator */
6983 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6984 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6985 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6986 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6996 p = cunescape(path);
7000 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
7001 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
7002 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
7003 * future submounts anyway. If they are
7004 * already triggered, then we will find
7005 * another entry for this. */
7006 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
7007 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
7011 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
7012 !set_contains(done, p)) {
7014 r = set_consume(todo, p);
7024 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
7025 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
7027 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
7028 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
7031 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
7032 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
7033 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
7034 * mount, make it one. */
7035 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
7039 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
7040 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7042 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
7045 x = strdup(cleaned);
7049 r = set_consume(done, x);
7054 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
7056 r = set_consume(done, x);
7062 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
7063 * don't care for errors, in case of
7064 * obstructed mounts */
7066 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
7067 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7069 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
7071 /* Deal with mount points that are
7072 * obstructed by a later mount */
7074 if (errno != ENOENT)
7082 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
7089 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7094 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
7106 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
7110 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7113 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
7117 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
7119 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7123 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7137 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7141 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7144 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7148 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7151 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7152 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7158 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7162 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7173 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7176 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7180 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7183 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7184 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7190 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7194 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7195 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7198 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7199 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7201 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7202 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7203 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7204 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7205 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7206 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7207 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7208 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7211 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7213 struct flock flock = {
7215 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7223 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7224 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7225 * our own trivial version of this.
7227 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7228 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7229 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7230 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7231 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7234 path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7236 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7238 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7242 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7251 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7254 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7257 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7260 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7265 r = stat(path, &st);
7267 r = lstat(path, &st);
7271 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7274 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7275 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7276 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7283 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7285 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7293 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7294 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7295 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7296 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7306 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7316 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7318 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7320 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7321 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7324 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7339 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7352 } else if (c == '\'')
7355 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7357 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7365 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7372 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7376 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7385 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7387 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7395 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7402 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7406 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7412 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7434 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7439 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7440 * quotes if necessary. */
7444 /* Count how many words are expected */
7447 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7456 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7457 l = newa0(char*, n);
7458 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7460 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7464 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7474 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7477 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7480 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7490 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7495 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7496 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7511 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7513 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7517 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7524 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7531 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7544 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7548 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7558 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7559 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7560 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7562 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7563 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7565 struct msghdr mh = {
7566 .msg_control = &control,
7567 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7569 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7576 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7580 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7590 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7592 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7594 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7596 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7598 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7600 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7601 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7602 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7603 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7604 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7606 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7608 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7609 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7611 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7614 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7616 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7619 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7622 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7625 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7626 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7630 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7631 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7634 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7644 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7645 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7648 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7650 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7654 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7661 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7667 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7674 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7681 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7682 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7684 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7687 if (n != sizeof(le))
7690 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7693 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7697 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7700 if (n != sizeof(le))
7703 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7706 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7713 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7716 if (n != sizeof(le))
7719 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7722 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7728 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7730 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7731 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7737 int same_fd(int a, int b) {
7738 struct stat sta, stb;
7745 /* Compares two file descriptors. Note that semantics are
7746 * quite different depending on whether we have kcmp() or we
7747 * don't. If we have kcmp() this will only return true for
7748 * dup()ed file descriptors, but not otherwise. If we don't
7749 * have kcmp() this will also return true for two fds of the same
7750 * file, created by separate open() calls. Since we use this
7751 * call mostly for filtering out duplicates in the fd store
7752 * this difference hopefully doesn't matter too much. */
7757 /* Try to use kcmp() if we have it. */
7759 r = kcmp(pid, pid, KCMP_FILE, a, b);
7764 if (errno != ENOSYS)
7767 /* We don't have kcmp(), use fstat() instead. */
7768 if (fstat(a, &sta) < 0)
7771 if (fstat(b, &stb) < 0)
7774 if ((sta.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (stb.st_mode & S_IFMT))
7777 /* We consider all device fds different, since two device fds
7778 * might refer to quite different device contexts even though
7779 * they share the same inode and backing dev_t. */
7781 if (S_ISCHR(sta.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sta.st_mode))
7784 if (sta.st_dev != stb.st_dev || sta.st_ino != stb.st_ino)
7787 /* The fds refer to the same inode on disk, let's also check
7788 * if they have the same fd flags. This is useful to
7789 * distuingish the read and write side of a pipe created with
7791 fa = fcntl(a, F_GETFL);
7795 fb = fcntl(b, F_GETFL);
7802 int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7803 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7810 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7814 new_attr = old_attr | mask;
7816 new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
7818 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7821 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7827 int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7828 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7835 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7839 return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);
7842 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
7845 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
7851 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
7852 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7857 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7861 return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
7864 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7865 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7866 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
7870 * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
7871 * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
7872 * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
7873 * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
7874 * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
7875 * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
7876 * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
7886 .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
7887 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7891 fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
7895 r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
7898 /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
7899 if (errno == EINVAL)
7900 r = flock(fd, operation);
7903 return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
7906 /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
7907 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
7908 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
7909 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
7910 * hence try again. */
7915 if (st.st_nlink > 0)
7918 fd = safe_close(fd);
7923 ret->operation = operation;
7931 int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7939 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7942 t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
7943 stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
7945 return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
7948 void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
7956 /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
7957 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
7958 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
7961 (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
7962 static const struct flock fl = {
7964 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7967 r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
7968 if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
7969 r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
7972 f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
7975 if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
7976 unlink_noerrno(f->path);
7982 f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
7986 static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
8001 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
8002 const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
8010 n = nul_length(q, e - q);
8012 /* If there are more than the specified run length of
8013 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
8014 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
8015 if ((n > run_length) ||
8016 (n > 0 && q == p) ||
8017 (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
8019 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8026 if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
8038 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8045 return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
8048 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
8054 if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
8055 (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
8058 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
8059 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
8069 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
8072 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
8073 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8075 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
8076 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8077 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8079 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
8080 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8081 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8082 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
8087 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
8088 (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
8092 *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
8094 *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
8100 ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
8106 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
8107 if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
8113 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
8114 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
8118 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(mh, cmsg))
8119 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
8120 close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
8123 int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
8127 ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
8131 /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
8132 * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
8134 if (errno != EINVAL)
8137 /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
8138 * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
8139 * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
8141 ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
8142 if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
8143 ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
8144 return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
8147 /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
8148 ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
8152 ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
8154 /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
8156 (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);