1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
32 #include <sys/resource.h>
33 #include <linux/sched.h>
34 #include <sys/types.h>
38 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
40 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
62 #include <sys/xattr.h>
63 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
67 /* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
68 * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
69 * version which is really broken. */
73 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
85 #include "path-util.h"
86 #include "exit-status.h"
90 #include "device-nodes.h"
95 #include "sparse-endian.h"
97 /* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
98 assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
101 char **saved_argv = NULL;
103 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
104 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
106 size_t page_size(void) {
107 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
110 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
113 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
120 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
122 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
133 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
140 pl = strlen(postfix);
143 return (char*) s + sl;
148 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
151 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
154 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
161 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
162 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
163 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
174 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
181 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
184 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
188 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
189 char * buf_old = buf;
235 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
236 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
237 * g_strescape() does the same */
238 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
240 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
241 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
242 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
248 return buf - buf_old;
251 int close_nointr(int fd) {
258 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
261 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
262 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
263 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
264 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
272 int safe_close(int fd) {
275 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
276 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
277 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
279 * fd = safe_close(fd);
285 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
286 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
287 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
288 * the fd was invalid at all... */
290 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
296 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
299 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
301 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
305 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
316 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
319 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
321 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
327 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
328 unsigned long ul = 0;
335 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
341 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
351 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
352 unsigned long ul = 0;
359 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
365 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
368 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
369 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
372 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
373 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
380 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
388 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
390 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
391 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
393 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
396 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
400 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
408 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
411 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
413 if ((long) (int) l != l)
420 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
428 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
430 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
431 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
433 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
440 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
448 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
450 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
451 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
453 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
460 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
468 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
470 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
471 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
473 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
480 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
482 unsigned long long l;
488 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
490 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
491 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
497 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
505 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
507 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
508 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
514 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
522 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
523 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
527 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
529 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
531 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
539 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
540 bool escaped = false;
543 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
546 else if (s[n] == '\\')
548 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
552 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
556 /* Split a string into words. */
557 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
563 assert(**state == '\0');
567 current += strspn(current, separator);
573 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
574 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
576 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
577 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
578 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
579 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
583 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
584 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
586 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
587 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
588 /* unfinished escape */
592 *state = current + *l;
594 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
595 *state = current + *l;
601 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
603 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
615 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
616 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
620 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
621 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
622 * skip over it manually */
624 p = strrchr(line, ')');
636 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
639 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
644 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
649 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
655 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
658 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
662 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
666 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
670 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
671 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
675 p = strrchr(line, ')');
681 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
684 return (unsigned char) state;
687 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
694 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
696 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
703 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
704 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
712 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
718 if (max_length == 0) {
719 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
721 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
723 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
728 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
738 r = new(char, max_length);
744 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
766 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
773 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
775 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
783 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
787 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
796 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
808 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
813 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
817 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
820 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
825 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
831 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
833 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
836 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
842 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
844 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
849 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
856 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
857 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
861 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
868 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
869 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
879 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
884 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
889 if (startswith(l, field)) {
891 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
893 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
895 return parse_uid(l, uid);
902 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
903 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
906 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
907 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
908 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
911 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
916 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
918 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
921 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
926 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
928 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
931 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
932 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
933 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
936 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
941 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
947 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
948 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
952 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
954 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
964 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
972 return strndup(suffix, b);
981 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
984 r = new(char, a+b+1);
989 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
995 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
996 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
999 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1014 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1021 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1032 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1033 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1036 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1037 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1041 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1045 value = basename(link);
1049 value = strdup(value);
1058 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1059 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1066 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1070 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1078 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1085 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1089 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1096 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1101 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1104 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1105 struct sigaction sa = {
1106 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1107 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1110 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1111 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1114 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1115 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1116 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1117 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1124 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1127 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1130 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1136 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1139 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1140 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1142 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1144 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1145 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1153 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1156 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1158 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1159 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1170 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1177 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1178 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1181 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1182 return strdup(filename);
1184 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1186 return strdup(filename);
1188 k = strlen(filename);
1189 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1193 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1197 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1206 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1207 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1213 /* Skip last component */
1214 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1217 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1218 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1224 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1227 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1236 if (errno != ENOENT)
1243 char hexchar(int x) {
1244 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1246 return table[x & 15];
1249 int unhexchar(char c) {
1251 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1254 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1255 return c - 'a' + 10;
1257 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1258 return c - 'A' + 10;
1263 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1267 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1271 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1272 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1273 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1280 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1286 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1290 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1293 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1295 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1299 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1306 char octchar(int x) {
1307 return '0' + (x & 7);
1310 int unoctchar(char c) {
1312 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1318 char decchar(int x) {
1319 return '0' + (x % 10);
1322 int undecchar(char c) {
1324 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1330 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1336 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1338 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1342 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1343 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1350 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1357 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1359 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1361 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1366 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1368 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1369 size_t remaining = s + length - f;
1370 assert(remaining > 0);
1372 if (*f != '\\') { /* a literal literal */
1377 if (--remaining == 0) { /* copy trailing backslash verbatim */
1418 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1423 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1426 if (remaining >= 2) {
1427 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1428 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1431 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1432 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1436 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1451 /* octal encoding */
1452 int a = -1, b = -1, c = -1;
1454 if (remaining >= 3) {
1455 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1456 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1457 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1460 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1461 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1465 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1473 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1484 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1485 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1488 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1491 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1494 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1498 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1499 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1502 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1506 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1508 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1509 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1512 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1513 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1523 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1528 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1529 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1530 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1535 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1539 filename[0] == '.' ||
1540 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1541 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1542 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1543 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1544 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1545 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1546 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1547 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1548 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1549 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1550 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1551 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1552 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1553 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1556 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1559 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1562 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1565 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1570 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1575 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1577 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1579 if (nflags == flags)
1582 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1588 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1593 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1598 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1600 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1602 if (nflags == flags)
1605 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1611 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1614 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1616 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1623 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1624 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1628 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1630 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1635 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1636 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1639 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1640 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1642 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1645 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1646 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1653 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1656 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1659 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1660 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1669 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1672 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1673 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1674 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1682 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1685 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1686 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1693 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1694 static const char table[] =
1709 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1713 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1717 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1719 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1725 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1729 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1732 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1735 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1741 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1742 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1743 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1748 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1749 new_termios = old_termios;
1751 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1752 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1753 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1755 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1758 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1759 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1760 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1765 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1767 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1773 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1780 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1781 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1786 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1787 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1791 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1801 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1811 bool need_nl = true;
1814 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1821 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1825 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1828 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1829 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1840 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1845 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1849 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1854 char line[LINE_MAX];
1858 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1865 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1870 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1871 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1873 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1892 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1893 struct termios termios;
1896 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1900 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1901 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1902 * interfere with that. */
1904 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1905 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1907 /* Switch to text mode */
1909 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1911 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1912 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1914 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1919 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1920 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1921 * else will do that for us */
1923 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1924 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1925 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1926 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1927 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1929 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1930 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1931 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1932 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1933 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1934 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1935 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1936 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1937 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1938 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1939 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1940 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1941 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1943 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1944 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1946 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1950 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1951 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1956 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1957 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1959 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1963 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1966 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1971 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1972 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1973 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1974 * retrying a couple of times.
1976 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1979 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1982 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1989 /* Max 1s in total */
1993 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2011 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2012 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2022 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2032 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2038 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2047 int acquire_terminal(
2051 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2054 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2059 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2060 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2061 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2063 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2064 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2065 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2066 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2067 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2068 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2069 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2070 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2072 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2073 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2075 if (!fail && !force) {
2076 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2082 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2090 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2091 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2092 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2096 r = flush_fd(notify);
2101 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2102 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2103 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2104 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2108 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2109 * if we already own the tty. */
2110 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2112 /* First, try to get the tty */
2113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2116 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2118 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2119 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2120 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2121 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2124 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2133 assert(notify >= 0);
2136 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2137 struct inotify_event *e;
2140 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2143 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2144 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2149 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2159 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2161 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2168 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2169 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2178 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2179 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2180 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2181 * an endless loop. */
2182 fd = safe_close(fd);
2187 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2189 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2200 int release_terminal(void) {
2201 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2202 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2203 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2206 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2207 struct sigaction sa_old;
2210 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2214 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2215 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2216 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2218 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2221 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2226 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2231 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2232 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2239 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2240 struct sigaction sa = {
2241 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2242 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2247 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2251 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2252 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2259 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2260 struct sigaction sa = {
2261 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2262 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2267 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2271 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2272 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2279 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2283 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2285 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2289 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2290 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2293 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2300 while (nbytes > 0) {
2303 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2308 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2310 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2311 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2314 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2318 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2332 int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2335 n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
2338 if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
2343 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2344 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2351 while (nbytes > 0) {
2354 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2359 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2360 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2361 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2364 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2371 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2381 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2383 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2384 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2385 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2386 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2387 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2388 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2389 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2391 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2392 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2393 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2394 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2399 unsigned long long factor;
2402 static const struct table iec[] = {
2403 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2404 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2405 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2406 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2407 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2413 static const struct table si[] = {
2414 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2415 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2416 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2417 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2418 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2424 const struct table *table;
2426 unsigned long long r = 0;
2427 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2430 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2435 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2438 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2444 unsigned long long l2;
2450 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2463 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2466 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2467 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2469 if (errno == ERANGE)
2472 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2479 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2481 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2482 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2483 unsigned long long tmp;
2484 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2486 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2487 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2491 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2494 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2510 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2515 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2516 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2517 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2522 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2525 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2526 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2527 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2528 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2529 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2534 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2537 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2541 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2544 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2546 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2547 * sysfs or in /dev */
2550 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2551 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2554 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2555 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2566 if (!de && errno != 0)
2572 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2577 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2578 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2595 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2596 static int have_syscall = -1;
2598 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2601 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2602 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2603 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2604 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2605 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2606 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2608 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2609 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2610 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2611 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2613 have_syscall = true;
2618 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2619 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2620 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2621 have_syscall = false;
2622 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2623 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2624 * remember to use the syscall the
2625 * next time, again, but also read
2626 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2627 * doesn't care about the current
2628 * amount of entropy. */
2629 have_syscall = true;
2633 /* too short read? */
2637 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2639 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2641 return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, true);
2644 void initialize_srand(void) {
2645 static bool srand_called = false;
2647 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2656 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2657 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2658 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2659 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2661 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2663 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2666 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2667 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2670 srand_called = true;
2673 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2677 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2681 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2682 * get a PRNG instead. */
2686 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2690 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2693 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2694 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2695 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2696 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2697 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2698 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2701 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2703 if (program_invocation_name)
2704 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2706 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2710 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2712 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2716 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2721 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2728 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2729 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2733 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2738 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2741 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2742 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2745 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2751 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2754 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2756 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2757 return strdup(u.nodename);
2759 return strdup(u.sysname);
2762 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2765 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2767 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2770 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2773 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2774 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2776 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2778 return strdup("root");
2780 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2784 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2788 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2789 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2791 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2797 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2801 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2806 return lookup_uid(uid);
2809 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2816 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2819 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2829 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2834 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2835 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2852 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2856 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2860 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2862 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2869 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2871 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2873 unsigned long ttynr;
2877 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2878 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2882 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2892 "%*d " /* session */
2897 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2906 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2907 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2908 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2915 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2919 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2921 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2927 /* This is an ugly hack */
2928 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2929 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2933 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2934 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2935 * vaguely useful. */
2941 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2943 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2961 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2962 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2967 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2968 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2974 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2979 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2986 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2991 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2994 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2996 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2997 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2998 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3003 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3006 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3007 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3009 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3010 keep_around = false;
3016 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3017 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3020 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3021 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3022 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3023 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3028 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3029 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3033 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3034 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3038 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3040 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3041 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3048 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3051 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3052 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3055 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3058 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3061 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3064 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3069 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3074 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3075 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3077 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3078 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3083 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3086 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3091 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3095 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3096 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3099 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3105 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3106 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3107 * seriously broken system. */
3108 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3109 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3113 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3116 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3120 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3123 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3124 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3129 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3130 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3137 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3142 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3143 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3149 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3152 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3155 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3164 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3165 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3168 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3169 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3172 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3175 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3176 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3177 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3179 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3180 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3183 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3184 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3190 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3193 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3194 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3195 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3197 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3198 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3201 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3202 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3208 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3212 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3215 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3218 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3219 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3229 if (errno != EINVAL)
3236 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3237 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3238 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3239 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3240 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3242 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3246 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3247 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3249 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3252 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3265 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3271 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3279 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3280 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3283 if (!isempty(status)) {
3284 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3285 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3286 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3288 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3291 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3293 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3295 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3301 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3307 va_start(ap, format);
3308 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3314 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3321 const char *e, *word = format;
3326 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3337 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3347 } else if (*e == '$') {
3348 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3365 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3367 k = strappend(r, t);
3381 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3393 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3395 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3397 l = strv_length(argv);
3399 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3403 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3405 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3406 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3411 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3415 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3427 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3437 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3445 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3446 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3458 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3459 struct winsize ws = {};
3461 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3470 unsigned columns(void) {
3474 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3475 return cached_columns;
3478 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3480 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3483 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3489 return cached_columns;
3492 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3493 struct winsize ws = {};
3495 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3504 unsigned lines(void) {
3508 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3509 return cached_lines;
3512 e = getenv("LINES");
3514 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3517 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3523 return cached_lines;
3526 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3527 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3533 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3535 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3536 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3538 return cached_on_tty;
3541 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3544 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3547 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3550 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3551 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3554 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3557 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3564 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3569 assert(percent <= 100);
3570 assert(new_length >= 3);
3572 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3573 return strndup(s, old_length);
3575 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3579 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3581 if (x > new_length - 3)
3589 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3590 new_length - x - 3);
3595 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3599 unsigned k, len, len2;
3602 assert(percent <= 100);
3603 assert(new_length >= 3);
3605 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3606 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3607 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3609 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3610 return strndup(s, old_length);
3612 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3614 if (x > new_length - 3)
3618 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3621 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3624 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3627 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3630 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3633 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3634 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3637 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3641 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3643 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3645 /* make space for ellipsis */
3646 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3649 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3650 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3655 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3656 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3660 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3664 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3669 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3670 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3673 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3674 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3680 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3682 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3687 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3692 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3693 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3698 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3699 struct timespec ts[2];
3701 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3703 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3705 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3712 int touch(const char *path) {
3713 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3716 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3720 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3721 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3722 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3729 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3730 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3735 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3736 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3740 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3750 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3755 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3756 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3758 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3762 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3765 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3776 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3790 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3791 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3792 * failed for an unknown reason.
3793 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3796 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3797 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3799 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3800 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3802 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3809 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3811 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3813 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3814 if (status.si_status != 0)
3815 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3816 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3818 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3820 return status.si_status;
3821 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3822 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3824 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3828 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3832 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3834 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3835 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3843 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3846 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3849 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3855 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3860 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3863 return null_or_empty(&st);
3866 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3871 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3874 return null_or_empty(&st);
3877 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3881 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3883 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3896 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3900 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3902 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3903 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3908 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3909 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3912 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3916 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3917 t = new(char, enc_len);
3921 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3924 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3927 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3930 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3931 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3933 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3934 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3936 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3937 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3939 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3940 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3945 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3948 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3951 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3954 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3957 return streq(tty, "console");
3960 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3965 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3968 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3971 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3974 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3978 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3984 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3987 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3988 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3990 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3993 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3996 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3997 * /dev/console points to */
3998 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
4004 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
4007 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
4008 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
4010 tty = *active = tmp;
4017 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4018 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
4022 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4025 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
4026 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
4031 return tty_is_vc(tty);
4034 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4037 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
4040 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4043 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
4046 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4047 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4048 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4054 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4057 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4058 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4059 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4062 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4065 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4068 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4069 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4070 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
4073 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
4074 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
4076 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4077 reset_signal_mask();
4079 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4081 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4085 seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
4089 STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
4090 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
4093 d = opendir(*directory);
4095 if (errno == ENOENT)
4098 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
4101 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4102 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4106 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4109 if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
4110 log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
4114 r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
4118 path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4122 if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
4123 log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
4126 log_debug("%s will be executed.", path);
4130 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4132 } else if (pid == 0) {
4135 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4145 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4148 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4150 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4157 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4158 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4159 * and turn on alarm(). */
4161 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4162 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4164 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4165 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4168 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4171 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4174 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4180 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4184 char **dirs = (char**) directories;
4186 assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
4188 name = basename(dirs[0]);
4189 assert(!isempty(name));
4191 /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
4192 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
4193 * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
4194 * earliest one wins. */
4196 executor_pid = fork();
4197 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4198 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4201 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4202 r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
4203 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4206 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
4209 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4212 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4220 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4226 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4227 if (streq(i, needle))
4233 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4234 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4237 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4246 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4248 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4249 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4250 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4256 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4263 /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
4264 * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
4265 * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
4268 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4275 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4285 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4291 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4295 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4302 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4303 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4314 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4319 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4321 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4324 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4325 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4334 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4335 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4337 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4342 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4349 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4352 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4354 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4362 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4369 return pollfd.revents;
4372 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4381 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4385 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4391 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4404 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4407 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4413 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4414 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4416 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4420 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4423 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4427 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4428 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4429 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4431 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4434 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4435 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4436 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4438 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4443 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4444 "\033[H" /* move home */
4445 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4452 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4455 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4462 /* Try to deallocate */
4463 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4467 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4476 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4478 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4483 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4484 "\033[H" /* move home */
4485 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4492 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4493 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4499 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4503 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4506 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4514 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4515 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4520 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4524 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4527 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4535 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4536 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4541 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4545 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4548 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4556 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4560 display[0] == ':' &&
4561 display[1] >= '0' &&
4565 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4572 if (!display_is_local(display))
4575 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4577 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4581 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4582 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4591 const char **username,
4592 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4594 const char **shell) {
4602 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4603 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4605 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4623 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4627 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4628 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4629 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4630 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4631 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4633 *username = p->pw_name;
4636 p = getpwnam(*username);
4640 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4652 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4657 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4662 return strdup("root");
4666 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4668 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4674 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4679 return strdup("root");
4683 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4685 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4691 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4697 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4698 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4700 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4701 *groupname = "root";
4709 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4714 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4717 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4721 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4729 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4731 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4733 if (getgid() == gid)
4736 if (getegid() == gid)
4739 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4740 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4742 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4744 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4748 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4755 int in_group(const char *name) {
4759 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4766 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4767 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4773 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4775 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4777 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4780 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4782 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4785 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4786 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4791 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4793 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4795 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4797 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4798 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4800 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4801 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4809 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4815 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4818 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4822 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4823 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4824 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4825 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4826 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4827 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4828 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4834 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4835 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4836 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4837 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4841 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4842 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4854 if (!de && errno != 0)
4859 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4861 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4865 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4866 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4869 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4880 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4886 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4900 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4905 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4929 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4943 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4944 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4946 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4947 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4952 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4959 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4960 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4963 r = access(p, F_OK);
4971 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4972 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4975 r = access(p, F_OK);
4981 /* Get parent dev_t */
4982 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4985 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4991 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4997 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4998 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5001 r = access(p, F_OK);
5005 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5012 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5013 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5014 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5015 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5016 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5019 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
5021 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5022 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5023 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5024 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5025 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5026 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5027 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5030 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5032 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5033 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5034 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5035 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5036 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5037 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5038 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5039 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5040 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5041 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5042 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5043 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5044 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5045 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5046 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5047 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5048 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5049 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5050 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5051 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5052 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5055 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5057 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5058 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5059 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5060 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5062 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5063 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5064 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5065 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5068 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5070 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5071 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5072 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5073 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5074 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5078 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5080 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5081 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5082 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5083 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5084 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5085 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5086 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5087 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5088 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5089 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5090 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5091 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5092 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5093 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5094 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5095 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5096 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5099 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5101 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5102 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5103 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5104 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5105 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5108 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5110 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5127 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5138 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5140 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5146 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5148 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5149 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5152 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5156 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5157 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5159 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5164 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5169 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5173 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5177 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5178 signo = (int) u + offset;
5179 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5185 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5186 bool loaded = false;
5189 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5197 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5199 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5208 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5215 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5218 static const struct {
5222 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5223 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5224 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5225 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5226 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5230 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5233 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5235 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5238 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5239 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5246 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5254 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5267 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5269 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5271 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5272 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5275 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5278 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5279 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5285 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5287 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5289 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5290 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5293 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5296 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5297 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5302 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5303 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5304 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5305 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5313 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5316 parent_pid = getpid();
5318 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5319 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5320 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5321 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5322 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5325 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5326 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5330 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5331 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5338 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5339 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5340 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5342 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5343 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5344 * SIGTERM or so... */
5345 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5346 reset_signal_mask();
5348 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5349 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5350 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5351 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5353 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5354 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5356 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5357 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5359 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5362 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5363 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5364 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5365 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5366 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5367 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5368 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5369 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5371 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5372 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5376 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5379 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5385 /* Count arguments */
5387 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5392 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5394 /* Fill in arguments */
5396 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5397 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5401 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5404 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5405 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5409 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5415 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5416 * to get as close as we can */
5417 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5419 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5420 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5422 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5428 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5429 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5440 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5442 f = fopen(path, "re");
5450 char line[LINE_MAX];
5453 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5457 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5467 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5468 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5482 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
5486 if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
5489 if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
5495 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5501 p = startswith(url, "http://");
5503 p = startswith(url, "https://");
5510 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5513 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5519 if (http_url_is_valid(url))
5522 p = startswith(url, "file:/");
5524 p = startswith(url, "info:");
5526 p = startswith(url, "man:");
5531 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5534 bool in_initrd(void) {
5535 static int saved = -1;
5541 /* We make two checks here:
5543 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5544 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5546 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5547 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5548 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5551 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5552 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5553 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5558 void warn_melody(void) {
5559 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5561 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5565 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5567 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5568 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5570 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5571 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5573 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5574 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5576 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5579 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5582 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5584 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5586 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5590 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5595 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5603 /* Take the user specified one */
5604 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5605 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5614 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5617 h = strdup("/root");
5625 /* Check the database... */
5629 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5631 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5634 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5642 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5650 /* Take the user specified one */
5651 e = getenv("SHELL");
5661 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5664 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5672 /* Check the database... */
5676 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5678 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5681 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5689 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5703 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5709 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5715 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5716 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5719 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5727 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5728 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5730 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5735 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5736 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5739 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5749 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5754 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5757 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5760 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5761 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5764 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5770 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5771 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5772 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5781 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5782 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5785 else if (comparison > 0)
5793 void init_gettext(void) {
5794 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
5795 textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
5798 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5800 static int cached_answer = -1;
5802 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5805 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5806 cached_answer = true;
5810 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5812 cached_answer = true;
5816 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5817 cached_answer = true;
5821 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5822 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5823 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5825 cached_answer = true;
5829 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5833 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5834 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5838 return (bool) cached_answer;
5841 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5842 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5845 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5846 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5847 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5848 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5849 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5850 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5851 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5852 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5855 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5856 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5857 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5858 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5859 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5860 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5861 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5862 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5867 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5870 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5873 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5879 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5880 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5893 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5899 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5900 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5908 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5920 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5921 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5926 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5928 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5934 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5936 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5938 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5942 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5947 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5949 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5950 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5951 else if (*i == '\t')
5958 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5961 } else if (*i == '[') {
5962 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5967 state = STATE_OTHER;
5974 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5975 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5978 state = STATE_OTHER;
5980 } else if (*i == 'm')
5981 state = STATE_OTHER;
6003 int on_ac_power(void) {
6004 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
6005 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
6007 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
6009 return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
6013 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
6019 if (!de && errno != 0)
6025 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
6028 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6030 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
6036 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6038 if (errno == ENOENT)
6044 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6048 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
6052 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6054 if (errno == ENOENT)
6060 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6064 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
6067 if (contents[0] == '1') {
6068 found_online = true;
6070 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
6071 found_offline = true;
6076 return found_online || !found_offline;
6079 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
6086 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
6089 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
6090 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
6094 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6096 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6106 if (errno != ENOENT)
6113 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6114 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6120 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6123 f = fopen(path, mode);
6132 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6136 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6139 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6140 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6142 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6145 f = fopen(path, mode);
6154 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6158 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6161 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6168 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6175 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6180 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6189 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6199 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6213 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6221 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6225 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6232 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6239 if (*allocated >= need)
6242 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6243 a = newalloc * size;
6245 /* check for overflows */
6246 if (a < size * need)
6254 *allocated = newalloc;
6258 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6267 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6271 if (*allocated > prev)
6272 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6277 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6283 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6285 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6288 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6289 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6290 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6294 } else if (l == 36) {
6296 /* Formatted UUID */
6298 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6301 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6305 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6306 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6307 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6318 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6333 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6337 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6349 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6350 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6353 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6359 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6362 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6365 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6366 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6368 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6371 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6372 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6378 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6384 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6387 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6393 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6395 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6398 value = strchr(word, '=');
6402 r = parse_item(word, value);
6410 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6411 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6418 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6424 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6427 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6433 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6435 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6439 e = startswith(word, key);
6443 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6449 if (streq(word, key))
6463 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6464 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6472 p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6473 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6481 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6484 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6494 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6495 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6503 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6504 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6512 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6513 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6521 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6522 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6530 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6531 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6537 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6540 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6543 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6548 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6553 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6556 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6560 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6564 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6568 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6571 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6575 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6578 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6581 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6587 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6588 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6593 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6596 return errno != ESRCH;
6599 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6602 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6607 r = get_process_state(pid);
6608 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6614 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6615 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6622 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6626 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6629 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6630 * to namespacing issues */
6633 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6635 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6642 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6654 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6658 if (errno != ERANGE)
6665 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6681 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6682 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6683 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6690 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6697 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6704 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6705 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6710 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6711 p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6713 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6721 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6724 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6727 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6728 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6730 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6731 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6733 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6734 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6739 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6741 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6742 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6743 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6744 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6745 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6746 * used by libseccomp. */
6748 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6750 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6753 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6756 #elif defined(__i386__)
6758 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6762 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6763 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6764 * as error indicator. */
6765 return 0xffffffffUL;
6768 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6770 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6772 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6778 #elif defined(__i386__)
6787 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6790 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6791 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6793 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6796 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6799 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6800 const uint8_t *b = p;
6803 assert(s == 0 || b);
6808 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6810 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6815 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6823 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6828 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6842 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6847 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6849 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6850 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6852 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6857 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6861 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6862 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6863 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6866 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6871 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6872 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6876 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6879 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6880 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6881 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6882 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6883 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6884 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6885 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6886 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6887 "- " /* (8) separator */
6888 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6889 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6890 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6891 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6900 p = cunescape(path);
6904 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6907 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6923 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6926 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6928 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6932 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6933 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6934 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6937 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6938 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6939 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6940 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6941 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6942 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6943 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6944 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6945 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6946 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6947 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6948 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6949 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6951 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6955 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6957 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6962 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6963 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6964 bool top_autofs = false;
6966 unsigned long orig_flags;
6968 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6972 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6973 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6977 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6980 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6981 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6982 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6983 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6984 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6985 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6986 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6987 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6988 "- " /* (8) separator */
6989 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6990 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6991 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6992 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
7002 p = cunescape(path);
7006 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
7007 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
7008 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
7009 * future submounts anyway. If they are
7010 * already triggered, then we will find
7011 * another entry for this. */
7012 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
7013 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
7017 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
7018 !set_contains(done, p)) {
7020 r = set_consume(todo, p);
7030 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
7031 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
7033 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
7034 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
7037 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
7038 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
7039 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
7040 * mount, make it one. */
7041 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
7045 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
7046 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7048 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
7051 x = strdup(cleaned);
7055 r = set_consume(done, x);
7060 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
7062 r = set_consume(done, x);
7068 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
7069 * don't care for errors, in case of
7070 * obstructed mounts */
7072 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
7073 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7075 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
7077 /* Deal with mount points that are
7078 * obstructed by a later mount */
7080 if (errno != ENOENT)
7088 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
7095 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7100 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
7112 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
7116 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7119 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
7123 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
7125 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7129 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7143 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7147 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7150 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7154 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7157 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7158 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7164 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7168 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7179 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7182 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7186 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7189 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7190 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7196 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7200 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7201 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7204 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7205 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7207 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7208 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7209 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7210 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7211 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7212 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7213 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7214 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7217 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7219 struct flock flock = {
7221 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7229 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7230 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7231 * our own trivial version of this.
7233 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7234 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7235 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7236 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7237 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7240 path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7242 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7244 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7248 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7257 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7260 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7263 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7266 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7271 r = stat(path, &st);
7273 r = lstat(path, &st);
7277 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7280 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7281 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7282 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7289 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7291 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7299 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7300 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7301 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7302 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7312 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7322 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7324 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7326 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7327 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7330 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7345 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7358 } else if (c == '\'')
7361 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7363 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7371 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7378 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7382 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7391 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7393 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7401 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7408 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7412 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7418 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7440 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7445 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7446 * quotes if necessary. */
7450 /* Count how many words are expected */
7453 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7462 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7463 l = newa0(char*, n);
7464 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7466 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7470 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7480 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7483 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7486 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7496 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7501 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7502 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7517 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7519 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7523 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7530 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7537 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7550 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7554 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7564 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7565 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7566 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7568 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7569 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7571 struct msghdr mh = {
7572 .msg_control = &control,
7573 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7575 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7582 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7586 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7596 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7598 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7600 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7602 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7604 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7606 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7607 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7608 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7609 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7610 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7612 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7614 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7615 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7617 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7620 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7622 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7625 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7628 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7631 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7632 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7636 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7637 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7640 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7650 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7651 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7654 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7656 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7660 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7667 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7673 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7680 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7687 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7688 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7690 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7693 if (n != sizeof(le))
7696 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7699 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7703 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7706 if (n != sizeof(le))
7709 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7712 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7719 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7722 if (n != sizeof(le))
7725 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7728 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7734 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7736 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7737 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7743 int same_fd(int a, int b) {
7744 struct stat sta, stb;
7751 /* Compares two file descriptors. Note that semantics are
7752 * quite different depending on whether we have kcmp() or we
7753 * don't. If we have kcmp() this will only return true for
7754 * dup()ed file descriptors, but not otherwise. If we don't
7755 * have kcmp() this will also return true for two fds of the same
7756 * file, created by separate open() calls. Since we use this
7757 * call mostly for filtering out duplicates in the fd store
7758 * this difference hopefully doesn't matter too much. */
7763 /* Try to use kcmp() if we have it. */
7765 r = kcmp(pid, pid, KCMP_FILE, a, b);
7770 if (errno != ENOSYS)
7773 /* We don't have kcmp(), use fstat() instead. */
7774 if (fstat(a, &sta) < 0)
7777 if (fstat(b, &stb) < 0)
7780 if ((sta.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (stb.st_mode & S_IFMT))
7783 /* We consider all device fds different, since two device fds
7784 * might refer to quite different device contexts even though
7785 * they share the same inode and backing dev_t. */
7787 if (S_ISCHR(sta.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sta.st_mode))
7790 if (sta.st_dev != stb.st_dev || sta.st_ino != stb.st_ino)
7793 /* The fds refer to the same inode on disk, let's also check
7794 * if they have the same fd flags. This is useful to
7795 * distuingish the read and write side of a pipe created with
7797 fa = fcntl(a, F_GETFL);
7801 fb = fcntl(b, F_GETFL);
7808 int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7809 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7816 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7820 new_attr = old_attr | mask;
7822 new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
7824 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7827 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7833 int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7834 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7841 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7845 return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);
7848 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
7851 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
7857 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
7858 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7863 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7867 return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
7870 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7871 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7872 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
7876 * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
7877 * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
7878 * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
7879 * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
7880 * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
7881 * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
7882 * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
7892 .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
7893 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7897 fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
7901 r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
7904 /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
7905 if (errno == EINVAL)
7906 r = flock(fd, operation);
7909 return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
7912 /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
7913 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
7914 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
7915 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
7916 * hence try again. */
7921 if (st.st_nlink > 0)
7924 fd = safe_close(fd);
7929 ret->operation = operation;
7937 int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7945 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7948 t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
7949 stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
7951 return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
7954 void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
7962 /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
7963 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
7964 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
7967 (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
7968 static const struct flock fl = {
7970 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7973 r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
7974 if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
7975 r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
7978 f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
7981 if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
7982 unlink_noerrno(f->path);
7988 f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
7992 static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
8007 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
8008 const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
8016 n = nul_length(q, e - q);
8018 /* If there are more than the specified run length of
8019 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
8020 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
8021 if ((n > run_length) ||
8022 (n > 0 && q == p) ||
8023 (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
8025 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8032 if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
8044 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8051 return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
8054 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
8060 if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
8061 (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
8064 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
8065 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
8075 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
8078 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
8079 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8081 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
8082 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8083 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8085 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
8086 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8087 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8088 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
8093 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
8094 (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
8098 *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
8100 *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
8106 ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
8112 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
8113 if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
8119 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
8120 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
8124 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(mh, cmsg))
8125 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
8126 close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
8129 int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
8133 ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
8137 /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
8138 * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
8140 if (errno != EINVAL)
8143 /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
8144 * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
8145 * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
8147 ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
8148 if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
8149 ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
8150 return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
8153 /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
8154 ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
8158 ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
8160 /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
8162 (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);