1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
70 #include "path-util.h"
71 #include "exit-status.h"
75 #include "device-nodes.h"
82 char **saved_argv = NULL;
84 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
85 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
87 size_t page_size(void) {
88 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
91 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
94 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
101 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
103 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
114 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
121 pl = strlen(postfix);
124 return (char*) s + sl;
129 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
132 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
135 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
154 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
157 int close_nointr(int fd) {
163 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
164 * thing to do on Linux.
166 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
167 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
168 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
169 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
171 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
179 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
182 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
185 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
188 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
191 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
193 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
194 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
197 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
208 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
211 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
213 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
219 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
220 unsigned long ul = 0;
227 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
233 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
243 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
244 unsigned long ul = 0;
251 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
257 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
264 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
272 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
274 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
275 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
277 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
280 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
284 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
292 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
294 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
295 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
297 if ((long) (int) l != l)
304 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
306 unsigned long long l;
312 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
314 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
315 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
321 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
329 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
331 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
332 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
338 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
345 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
350 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
351 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
357 /* Split a string into words. */
358 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
361 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
363 if (!*current || *c == 0)
366 current += strspn(current, separator);
367 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
370 return (char*) current;
373 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
374 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
375 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
376 const char *current, *e;
377 bool escaped = false;
383 current = *state ? *state : c;
385 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
390 else if (*current == '\'') {
393 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
403 *state = (char*) (*e == 0 ? e : e+1);
405 } else if (*current == '\"') {
408 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
418 *state = (char*) (*e == 0 ? e : e+1);
421 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
426 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
436 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
438 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
451 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
456 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
457 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
461 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
462 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
463 * skip over it manually */
465 p = strrchr(line, ')');
477 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
480 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
485 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
486 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
494 p = "/proc/self/stat";
496 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
502 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
509 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
510 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
511 * skip over it manually */
513 p = strrchr(line, ')');
535 "%*d " /* priority */
537 "%*d " /* num_threads */
538 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
539 "%llu " /* starttime */,
546 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
551 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
557 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
560 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
564 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
571 p = "/proc/self/comm";
573 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
575 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
578 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
579 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
588 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
590 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
596 if (max_length == 0) {
597 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
599 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
601 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
606 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
616 r = new(char, max_length);
622 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
644 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
651 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
652 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
653 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
661 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
665 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
674 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
686 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
691 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
695 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
698 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
703 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
710 p = "/proc/self/status";
712 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
714 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
717 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
726 p = "/proc/self/exe";
728 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
730 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
734 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
741 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
742 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
752 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
757 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
762 if (startswith(l, field)) {
764 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
766 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
768 return parse_uid(l, uid);
775 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
776 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
779 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
780 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
781 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
784 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
792 return strndup(suffix, b);
801 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
804 r = new(char, a+b+1);
809 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
815 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
816 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
819 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
829 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
832 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
838 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
849 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
850 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
857 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
861 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
869 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
876 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
880 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
887 path_kill_slashes(*r);
892 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
895 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
896 struct sigaction sa = {
897 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
898 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
901 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
904 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
905 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
906 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
914 char *strstrip(char *s) {
917 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
918 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
920 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
922 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
923 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
931 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
934 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
936 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
948 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
955 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
961 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
968 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
969 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
972 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
973 return strdup(filename);
975 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
976 return strdup(filename);
978 k = strlen(filename);
979 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
982 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
983 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
988 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
997 /* Skip trailing slashes */
998 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1004 /* Skip last component */
1005 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1008 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1009 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1015 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1018 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1027 if (errno != ENOENT)
1034 char hexchar(int x) {
1035 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1037 return table[x & 15];
1040 int unhexchar(char c) {
1042 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1045 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1046 return c - 'a' + 10;
1048 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1049 return c - 'A' + 10;
1054 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1058 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1062 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1063 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1064 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1071 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1077 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1081 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1084 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1086 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1090 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1097 char octchar(int x) {
1098 return '0' + (x & 7);
1101 int unoctchar(char c) {
1103 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1109 char decchar(int x) {
1110 return '0' + (x % 10);
1113 int undecchar(char c) {
1115 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1121 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1127 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1129 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1133 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1179 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1180 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1181 * g_strescape() does the same */
1182 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1184 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1185 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1186 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1197 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1204 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1206 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1208 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1213 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1215 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1258 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1263 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1266 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1267 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1269 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1270 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1274 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1289 /* octal encoding */
1292 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1293 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1294 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1296 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1297 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1301 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1309 /* premature end of string.*/
1314 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1326 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1327 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1330 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1333 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1336 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1340 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1341 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1344 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1348 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1350 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1351 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1354 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1355 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1365 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1370 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1371 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1372 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1377 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1381 filename[0] == '.' ||
1382 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1383 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1384 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1385 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1386 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1387 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1388 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1389 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1390 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1393 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1396 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1399 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1402 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1407 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1411 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1413 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1415 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1421 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1426 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1430 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1432 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1434 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1440 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1443 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1445 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1452 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1457 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1459 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1464 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1465 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1468 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1469 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1471 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1474 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1475 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1482 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1485 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1488 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1489 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1498 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1501 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1502 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1503 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1512 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1515 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1516 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1523 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1524 static const char table[] =
1534 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1538 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1540 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1546 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1550 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1553 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1556 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1562 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1563 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1565 char line[LINE_MAX];
1570 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1571 new_termios = old_termios;
1573 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1574 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1575 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1577 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1580 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1581 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1582 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1587 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1589 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1595 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1602 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1603 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1606 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1611 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1621 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1631 bool need_nl = true;
1634 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1641 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1645 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1648 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1649 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1660 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1665 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1669 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1670 struct termios termios;
1673 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1677 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1678 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1679 * interfere with that. */
1681 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1682 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1684 /* Switch to text mode */
1686 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1688 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1689 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1691 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1696 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1697 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1698 * else will do that for us */
1700 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1701 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1702 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1703 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1704 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1706 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1707 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1708 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1709 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1710 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1711 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1712 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1713 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1714 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1715 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1716 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1717 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1718 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1720 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1721 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1723 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1727 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1728 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1733 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1736 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1740 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1741 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1746 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1751 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1752 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1753 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1754 * retrying a couple of times.
1756 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1759 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1762 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1769 /* Max 1s in total */
1773 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1782 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1787 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1794 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1795 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1805 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1815 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1821 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1830 int acquire_terminal(
1834 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1837 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1842 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1843 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1844 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1846 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1847 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1848 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1849 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1850 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1851 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1852 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1853 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1855 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1856 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1858 if (!fail && !force) {
1859 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1865 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1873 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1874 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1875 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1879 r = flush_fd(notify);
1884 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1885 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1886 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1887 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1891 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1892 * if we already own the tty. */
1893 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1895 /* First, try to get the tty */
1896 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1899 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1901 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1902 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1903 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1904 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1907 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1916 assert(notify >= 0);
1919 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1921 struct inotify_event *e;
1923 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1926 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1927 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1932 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1942 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1945 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1952 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1957 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1962 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1963 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1965 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1972 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1973 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1974 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1975 * an endless loop. */
1976 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1980 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1982 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1984 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1990 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1993 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1998 int release_terminal(void) {
2000 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2001 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2002 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2004 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2006 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2010 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2011 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2012 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2014 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2017 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2022 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2027 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2028 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2035 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2036 struct sigaction sa = {
2037 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2038 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2044 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2048 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2049 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2056 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2057 struct sigaction sa = {
2058 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2059 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2064 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2068 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2069 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2076 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2082 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2087 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2091 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2094 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2103 while (nbytes > 0) {
2106 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2108 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2111 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2112 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2117 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2121 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2124 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2125 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2126 * via read()/write()
2132 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2143 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2152 while (nbytes > 0) {
2155 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2158 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2161 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2162 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2167 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2171 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2174 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2175 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2176 * via read()/write()
2182 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2193 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2194 static const struct {
2196 unsigned long long factor;
2200 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2201 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2202 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2203 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2204 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2209 unsigned long long r = 0;
2221 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2232 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2234 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2235 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2236 unsigned long long tmp;
2237 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2239 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2240 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2244 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2247 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2251 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2261 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2266 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2267 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2268 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2271 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2273 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2276 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2281 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2284 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2288 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2291 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2293 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2294 * sysfs or in /dev */
2297 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2298 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2301 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2302 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2311 union dirent_storage buf;
2313 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2320 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2325 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2326 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2343 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2344 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2348 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2352 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2353 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2359 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2362 unsigned random_u(void) {
2363 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2367 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2371 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2378 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2381 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2384 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2385 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2386 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2387 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2388 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2389 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2392 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2394 if (program_invocation_name)
2395 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2397 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2401 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2403 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2407 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2412 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2419 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2420 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2424 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2427 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2429 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2430 return strdup(u.nodename);
2432 return strdup(u.sysname);
2435 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2438 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2440 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2443 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2446 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2447 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2449 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2451 return strdup("root");
2453 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2457 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2461 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2462 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2464 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2470 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2474 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2479 return lookup_uid(uid);
2482 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2489 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2492 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2493 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2498 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2504 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2512 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2516 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2520 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2522 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2529 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2530 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2531 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2532 unsigned long ttynr;
2538 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2540 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2542 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2546 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2547 return feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2549 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2559 "%*d " /* session */
2564 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2573 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2575 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2580 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2584 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2586 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2592 /* This is an ugly hack */
2593 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2594 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2604 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2605 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2606 * vaguely useful. */
2619 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2621 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2639 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2645 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2646 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2650 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2652 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2657 union dirent_storage buf;
2658 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2662 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2663 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2671 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2674 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2676 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2677 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2678 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2683 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2686 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2687 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2689 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2690 keep_around = false;
2696 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2697 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2700 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2701 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2702 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2703 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2708 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2709 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2713 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2714 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2718 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2720 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2721 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2732 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2735 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2736 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2739 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2744 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2745 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2749 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2750 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2752 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2753 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2754 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2758 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2761 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2767 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2768 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2769 * seriously broken system. */
2770 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2771 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2775 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2778 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2782 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2785 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2786 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2791 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2792 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2799 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2800 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2804 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2805 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2806 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2811 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2814 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2817 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2826 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2827 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2830 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2831 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2834 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2837 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2838 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2839 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2841 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2842 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2845 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2846 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2852 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2855 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2856 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2857 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2859 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2860 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2863 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2864 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2870 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2874 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2877 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2880 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2881 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2891 if (errno != EINVAL)
2898 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2899 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2900 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2901 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2902 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2904 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2908 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2909 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2911 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2914 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2927 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2933 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2941 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2942 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2945 if (!isempty(status)) {
2946 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2947 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2948 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2950 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2953 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2955 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2957 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2963 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2969 va_start(ap, format);
2970 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2976 int status_welcome(void) {
2977 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
2980 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
2981 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
2982 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
2985 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
2986 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
2988 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
2989 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
2990 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
2991 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
2994 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3001 const char *e, *word = format;
3006 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3017 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3026 } else if (*e == '$') {
3027 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3043 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3045 k = strappend(r, t);
3059 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3070 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3072 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3074 l = strv_length(argv);
3076 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3079 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3081 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3082 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3087 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3090 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3101 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3110 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3118 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3119 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3129 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3130 struct winsize ws = {};
3132 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3141 unsigned columns(void) {
3145 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3146 return cached_columns;
3149 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3154 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3163 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3164 struct winsize ws = {};
3166 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3175 unsigned lines(void) {
3179 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3180 return cached_lines;
3183 e = getenv("LINES");
3188 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3194 return cached_lines;
3197 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3198 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3204 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3206 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3207 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3209 return cached_on_tty;
3212 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3213 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3215 /* Only works as root */
3216 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3219 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3223 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3224 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3227 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3232 assert(percent <= 100);
3233 assert(new_length >= 3);
3235 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3236 return strndup(s, old_length);
3238 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3242 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3244 if (x > new_length - 3)
3252 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3253 new_length - x - 3);
3258 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3262 unsigned k, len, len2;
3265 assert(percent <= 100);
3266 assert(new_length >= 3);
3268 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3269 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3270 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3272 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3273 return strndup(s, old_length);
3275 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3277 if (x > new_length - 3)
3281 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3284 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3287 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3290 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3293 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3296 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3297 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3300 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3304 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3306 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3308 /* make space for ellipsis */
3309 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3312 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3313 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3318 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3319 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3323 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3327 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3332 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3333 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3336 int touch(const char *path) {
3341 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3342 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3345 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3349 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3353 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3357 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3358 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3359 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3366 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3367 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3372 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3373 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3376 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3388 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3392 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3400 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3404 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3410 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3421 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3433 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3440 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3442 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3446 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3447 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3448 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3449 return status.si_status;
3452 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3455 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3456 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3458 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3462 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3466 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3468 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3469 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3477 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3480 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3483 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3489 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3494 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3497 return null_or_empty(&st);
3500 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3504 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3506 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3512 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3519 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3523 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3525 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3526 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3531 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3532 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3536 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3540 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3541 t = new(char, enc_len);
3545 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3548 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3554 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3557 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3558 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3560 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3561 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3563 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3564 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3566 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3567 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3572 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3575 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3578 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3581 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3584 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3587 return streq(tty, "console");
3590 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3595 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3598 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3601 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3604 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3608 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3614 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3617 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3618 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3620 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3623 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3626 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3627 * /dev/console points to */
3628 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3634 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3637 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3638 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3640 tty = *active = tmp;
3647 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3648 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3652 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3655 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3656 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3661 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3664 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3667 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3670 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3673 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3676 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3677 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3678 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3684 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3687 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3688 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3689 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3692 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3695 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3698 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3701 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3705 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3706 * waits for them to finish. */
3709 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3711 if (errno == ENOENT)
3714 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3721 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3722 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3726 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3731 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3734 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3739 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3740 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3758 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3759 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3762 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3764 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3765 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3770 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3771 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3775 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3780 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3784 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3785 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3786 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3787 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3789 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3791 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3802 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3805 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3808 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3816 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3822 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3823 if (streq(i, needle))
3829 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3830 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3833 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3842 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3844 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3845 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3846 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3852 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3859 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3866 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3876 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3882 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3886 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3893 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3894 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3905 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3910 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3912 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3914 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3917 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3924 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3927 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3929 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3934 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3941 return pollfd.revents;
3944 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3955 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3959 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3963 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3965 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3971 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3984 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3987 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3993 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3996 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4000 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4001 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4006 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4010 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4011 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4012 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4014 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4017 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4018 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4019 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4021 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4026 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4027 "\033[H" /* move home */
4028 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4030 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4035 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4038 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4045 /* Try to deallocate */
4046 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4050 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4051 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4059 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4061 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4066 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4067 "\033[H" /* move home */
4068 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4070 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4075 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4076 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4082 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4086 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4094 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4108 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4110 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4119 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4129 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4131 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4134 unsigned long long ull;
4141 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4145 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4149 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4152 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4153 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4159 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4162 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4171 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4175 display[0] == ':' &&
4176 display[1] >= '0' &&
4180 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4187 if (!display_is_local(display))
4190 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4192 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4196 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4197 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4206 const char **username,
4207 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4209 const char **shell) {
4217 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4218 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4220 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4238 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4242 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4243 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4244 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4245 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4246 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4248 *username = p->pw_name;
4251 p = getpwnam(*username);
4255 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4267 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4272 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4277 return strdup("root");
4281 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4283 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4289 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4294 return strdup("root");
4298 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4300 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4306 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4312 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4313 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4315 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4316 *groupname = "root";
4324 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4329 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4332 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4336 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4344 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4346 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4348 if (getgid() == gid)
4351 if (getegid() == gid)
4354 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4355 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4357 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4359 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4363 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4370 int in_group(const char *name) {
4374 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4381 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4382 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4388 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4390 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4392 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4395 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4397 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4400 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4401 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4406 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4408 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4410 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4412 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4413 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4415 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4416 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4424 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4430 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4433 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4437 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4438 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4439 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4440 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4441 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4442 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4443 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4449 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4451 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4454 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4458 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4459 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4465 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4466 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4467 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4468 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4472 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4473 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4482 union dirent_storage buf;
4485 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4492 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4494 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4498 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4499 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4502 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4513 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4519 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4533 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4538 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4562 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4576 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4577 static __thread int cached = 0;
4579 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4580 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4585 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4592 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4593 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4596 r = access(p, F_OK);
4604 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4605 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4608 r = access(p, F_OK);
4614 /* Get parent dev_t */
4615 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4618 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4624 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4630 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4631 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4634 r = access(p, F_OK);
4638 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4645 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4650 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4654 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4655 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4658 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4659 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4660 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4661 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4662 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4665 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4667 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4668 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4669 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4670 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4671 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4672 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4673 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4676 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4678 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4679 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4680 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4681 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4682 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4683 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4684 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4696 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4697 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4698 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4701 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4703 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4704 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4705 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4706 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4708 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4709 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4710 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4711 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4714 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4716 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4717 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4718 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4719 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4720 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4724 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4726 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4727 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4728 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4729 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4730 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4731 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4732 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4733 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4734 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4735 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4736 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4737 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4738 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4739 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4740 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4741 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4742 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4745 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4747 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4748 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4749 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4750 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4751 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4754 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4756 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4773 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4784 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4786 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4792 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4794 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4795 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4798 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4802 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4803 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4805 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4810 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4815 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4819 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4823 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4824 signo = (int) u + offset;
4825 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4831 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4832 bool loaded = false;
4835 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4843 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4861 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4863 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4872 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4879 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4882 static const struct {
4886 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4887 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4888 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4889 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4890 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4894 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4896 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4899 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4900 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4907 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4915 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4928 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4930 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4932 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4934 l == sizeof(value) &&
4935 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4939 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4946 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4948 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4950 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4952 l == sizeof(value) &&
4953 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4957 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4964 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4965 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4967 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4975 parent_pid = getpid();
4977 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4984 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4991 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4992 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4993 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4995 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4996 * to set the death signal */
4997 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4998 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5000 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5001 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5003 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5004 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5006 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5007 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5008 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5009 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5010 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5011 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5012 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5013 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5014 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5016 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5017 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5021 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5024 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5030 /* Count arguments */
5032 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5037 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5039 /* Fill in arguments */
5041 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5042 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5046 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5049 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5050 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5054 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5060 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5061 * to get as close as we can */
5062 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5064 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5065 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5067 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5073 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5074 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5086 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5088 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5090 f = fopen(path, "re");
5098 char line[LINE_MAX];
5101 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5105 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5115 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5116 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5130 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5133 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5136 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5139 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5142 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5145 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5151 bool in_initrd(void) {
5152 static __thread int saved = -1;
5158 /* We make two checks here:
5160 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5161 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5163 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5164 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5165 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5168 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5169 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5170 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5175 void warn_melody(void) {
5176 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5178 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5182 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5184 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5185 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5187 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5188 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5190 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5191 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5193 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5196 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5199 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5201 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5203 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5209 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5216 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5224 /* Take the user specified one */
5235 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5238 h = strdup("/root");
5246 /* Check the database... */
5250 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5252 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5255 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5263 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5277 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5283 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5288 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5289 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5292 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5300 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5301 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5303 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5308 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5309 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5315 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5320 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5323 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5326 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5327 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5330 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5336 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5337 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5338 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5347 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5348 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5351 else if (comparison > 0)
5359 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5361 static int cached_answer = -1;
5363 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5366 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5367 cached_answer = true;
5371 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5373 cached_answer = true;
5377 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5378 cached_answer = true;
5382 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5383 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5384 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5386 cached_answer = true;
5390 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5394 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5395 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5399 return (bool) cached_answer;
5402 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5403 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5405 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5406 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5407 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5408 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5409 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5410 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5412 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5413 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5414 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5415 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5416 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5417 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5418 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5422 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5425 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5428 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5434 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5435 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5448 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5454 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5455 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5463 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5475 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5476 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5481 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5483 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5489 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5491 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5493 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5497 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5502 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5504 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5505 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5506 else if (*i == '\t')
5513 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5516 } else if (*i == '[') {
5517 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5522 state = STATE_OTHER;
5529 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5530 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5533 state = STATE_OTHER;
5535 } else if (*i == 'm')
5536 state = STATE_OTHER;
5558 int on_ac_power(void) {
5559 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5560 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5562 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5568 union dirent_storage buf;
5569 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5574 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5581 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5584 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5586 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5592 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5594 if (errno == ENOENT)
5600 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5604 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5607 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5608 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5610 if (errno == ENOENT)
5616 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5620 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5623 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5624 found_online = true;
5626 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5627 found_offline = true;
5632 return found_online || !found_offline;
5635 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5642 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5645 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5646 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5649 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5659 if (errno != ENOENT)
5666 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5667 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5673 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5676 f = fopen(path, mode);
5685 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5689 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5692 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5693 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5695 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5698 f = fopen(path, mode);
5707 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5711 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5714 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5721 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5728 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5733 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5742 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5752 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5766 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5774 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5778 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5785 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5789 if (*allocated >= need)
5792 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5802 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5808 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5810 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5813 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5814 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5815 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5819 } else if (l == 36) {
5821 /* Formatted UUID */
5823 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5826 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5830 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5831 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5832 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5843 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5848 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5857 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5872 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5876 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5888 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5889 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
5894 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5897 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5900 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
5901 if (l == 23 && memcmp(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
5907 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5910 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5915 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);