1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
44 #include <sys/prctl.h>
45 #include <sys/utsname.h>
47 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
62 #include <sys/xattr.h>
64 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
68 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
80 #include "path-util.h"
81 #include "exit-status.h"
85 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 #include "sparse-endian.h"
93 char **saved_argv = NULL;
95 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
96 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
98 size_t page_size(void) {
99 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
102 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
105 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
112 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
114 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
125 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
132 pl = strlen(postfix);
135 return (char*) s + sl;
140 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
143 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
146 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
153 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
154 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
155 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
166 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
173 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
176 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
180 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
181 char * buf_old = buf;
227 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
228 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
229 * g_strescape() does the same */
230 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
232 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
233 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
234 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
240 return buf - buf_old;
243 int close_nointr(int fd) {
250 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
253 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
254 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
255 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
256 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
264 int safe_close(int fd) {
267 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
268 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
269 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
271 * fd = safe_close(fd);
277 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
278 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
279 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
280 * the fd was invalid at all... */
282 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
288 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
291 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
293 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
297 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
308 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
311 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
313 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
319 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
320 unsigned long ul = 0;
327 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
333 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
343 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
344 unsigned long ul = 0;
351 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
357 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
360 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
361 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
364 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
365 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
372 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
380 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
382 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
383 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
385 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
388 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
392 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
400 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
402 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
403 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
405 if ((long) (int) l != l)
412 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
420 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
422 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
423 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
425 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
432 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
440 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
442 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
443 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
445 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
452 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
460 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
462 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
463 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
465 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
472 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
474 unsigned long long l;
480 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
482 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
483 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
489 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
497 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
499 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
500 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
506 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
513 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
518 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
519 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
525 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
526 bool escaped = false;
529 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
532 else if (s[n] == '\\')
534 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
538 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
542 /* Split a string into words. */
543 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
549 assert(**state == '\0');
553 current += strspn(current, separator);
559 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
560 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
562 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
563 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
564 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
565 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
569 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
570 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
572 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
573 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
574 /* unfinished escape */
578 *state = current + *l;
580 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
581 *state = current + *l;
587 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
589 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
601 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
602 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
606 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
607 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
608 * skip over it manually */
610 p = strrchr(line, ')');
622 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
625 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
630 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
635 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
641 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
644 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
648 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
652 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
656 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
657 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
661 p = strrchr(line, ')');
667 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
670 return (unsigned char) state;
673 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
680 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
682 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
689 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
690 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
698 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
704 if (max_length == 0) {
705 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
707 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
709 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
714 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
724 r = new(char, max_length);
730 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
752 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
759 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
761 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
769 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
773 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
782 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
794 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
799 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
803 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
806 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
811 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
817 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
819 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
822 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
828 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
830 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
835 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
842 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
843 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
847 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
854 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
855 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
865 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
870 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
875 if (startswith(l, field)) {
877 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
879 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
881 return parse_uid(l, uid);
888 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
889 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
892 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
893 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
894 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
897 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
902 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
904 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
907 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
912 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
914 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
917 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
918 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
919 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
922 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
927 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
933 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
934 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
938 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
940 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
950 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
958 return strndup(suffix, b);
967 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
970 r = new(char, a+b+1);
975 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
981 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
982 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
985 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1000 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1007 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1018 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1019 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1022 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1023 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1027 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1031 value = basename(link);
1035 value = strdup(value);
1044 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1045 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1052 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1056 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1064 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1071 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1075 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1082 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1087 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1090 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1091 struct sigaction sa = {
1092 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1093 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1096 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1097 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1100 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1101 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1102 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1103 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1110 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1113 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1116 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1122 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1125 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1126 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1128 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1130 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1131 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1139 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1142 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1144 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1145 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1156 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1163 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1164 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1167 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1168 return strdup(filename);
1170 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1172 return strdup(filename);
1174 k = strlen(filename);
1175 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1179 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1183 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1192 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1193 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1199 /* Skip last component */
1200 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1203 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1204 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1210 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1213 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1222 if (errno != ENOENT)
1229 char hexchar(int x) {
1230 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1232 return table[x & 15];
1235 int unhexchar(char c) {
1237 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1240 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1241 return c - 'a' + 10;
1243 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1244 return c - 'A' + 10;
1249 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1253 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1257 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1258 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1259 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1266 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1272 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1276 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1279 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1281 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1285 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1292 char octchar(int x) {
1293 return '0' + (x & 7);
1296 int unoctchar(char c) {
1298 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1304 char decchar(int x) {
1305 return '0' + (x % 10);
1308 int undecchar(char c) {
1310 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1316 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1322 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1324 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1328 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1329 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1336 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1343 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1345 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1347 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1352 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1354 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1397 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1402 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1405 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1406 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1408 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1409 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1413 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1428 /* octal encoding */
1431 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1432 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1433 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1435 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1436 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1440 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1448 /* premature end of string. */
1453 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1465 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1466 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1469 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1472 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1475 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1479 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1480 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1483 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1487 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1489 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1490 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1493 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1494 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1504 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1509 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1510 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1511 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1516 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1520 filename[0] == '.' ||
1521 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1522 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1523 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1524 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1525 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1526 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1527 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1528 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1529 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1530 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1533 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1536 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1539 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1542 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1547 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1552 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1554 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1556 if (nflags == flags)
1559 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1565 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1570 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1575 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1577 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1579 if (nflags == flags)
1582 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1588 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1591 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1593 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1600 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1601 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1605 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1607 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1612 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1613 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1616 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1617 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1619 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1622 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1623 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1630 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1633 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1636 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1637 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1646 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1649 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1650 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1651 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1659 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1662 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1663 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1670 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1671 static const char table[] =
1685 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1689 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1693 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1695 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1701 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1705 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1708 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1711 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1717 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1718 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1719 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1724 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1725 new_termios = old_termios;
1727 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1728 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1729 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1731 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1734 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1735 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1736 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1741 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1743 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1749 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1756 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1757 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1762 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1763 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1767 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1777 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1787 bool need_nl = true;
1790 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1797 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1801 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1804 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1805 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1816 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1821 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1825 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1830 char line[LINE_MAX];
1834 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1841 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1846 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1847 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1849 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1868 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1869 struct termios termios;
1872 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1876 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1877 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1878 * interfere with that. */
1880 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1881 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1883 /* Switch to text mode */
1885 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1887 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1888 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1890 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1895 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1896 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1897 * else will do that for us */
1899 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1900 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1901 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1902 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1903 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1905 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1906 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1907 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1908 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1909 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1910 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1911 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1912 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1913 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1914 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1915 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1916 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1917 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1919 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1920 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1922 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1926 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1927 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1932 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1933 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1935 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1939 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1942 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1947 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1948 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1949 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1950 * retrying a couple of times.
1952 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1955 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1958 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1965 /* Max 1s in total */
1969 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1987 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1988 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1998 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2008 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2014 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2023 int acquire_terminal(
2027 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2030 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2035 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2036 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2037 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2039 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2040 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2041 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2042 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2043 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2044 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2045 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2046 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2048 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2049 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2051 if (!fail && !force) {
2052 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2058 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2066 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2067 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2068 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2072 r = flush_fd(notify);
2077 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2078 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2079 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2080 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2084 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2085 * if we already own the tty. */
2086 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2088 /* First, try to get the tty */
2089 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2092 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2094 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2095 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2096 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2097 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2100 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2109 assert(notify >= 0);
2112 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2113 struct inotify_event *e;
2116 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2119 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2120 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2125 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2135 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2137 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2144 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2145 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2154 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2155 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2156 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2157 * an endless loop. */
2158 fd = safe_close(fd);
2163 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2165 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2176 int release_terminal(void) {
2177 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2178 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2179 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2182 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2183 struct sigaction sa_old;
2186 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2190 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2191 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2192 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2194 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2197 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2202 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2207 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2208 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2215 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2216 struct sigaction sa = {
2217 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2218 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2223 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2227 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2228 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2235 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2236 struct sigaction sa = {
2237 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2238 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2243 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2247 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2248 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2255 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2259 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2261 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2265 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2266 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2269 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2276 while (nbytes > 0) {
2279 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2284 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2286 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2287 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2290 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2294 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2308 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2309 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2316 while (nbytes > 0) {
2319 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2324 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2325 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2326 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2329 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2336 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2346 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2348 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2349 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2350 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2351 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2352 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2353 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2354 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2356 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2357 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2358 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2359 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2364 unsigned long long factor;
2367 static const struct table iec[] = {
2368 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2369 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2370 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2371 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2372 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2378 static const struct table si[] = {
2379 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2380 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2381 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2382 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2383 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2389 const struct table *table;
2391 unsigned long long r = 0;
2392 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2395 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2400 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2403 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2409 unsigned long long l2;
2415 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2428 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2431 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2432 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2434 if (errno == ERANGE)
2437 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2444 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2446 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2447 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2448 unsigned long long tmp;
2449 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2451 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2452 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2456 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2459 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2475 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2480 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2481 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2482 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2487 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2490 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2491 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2492 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2493 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2494 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2499 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2502 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2506 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2509 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2511 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2512 * sysfs or in /dev */
2515 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2516 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2519 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2520 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2531 if (!de && errno != 0)
2537 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2542 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2543 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2560 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2561 static int have_syscall = -1;
2565 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2566 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2567 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2568 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2569 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2570 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2572 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2573 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2574 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2575 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2577 have_syscall = true;
2582 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2583 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2584 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2585 have_syscall = false;
2586 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2587 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2588 * remember to use the syscall the
2589 * next time, again, but also read
2590 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2591 * doesn't care about the current
2592 * amount of entropy. */
2593 have_syscall = true;
2597 /* too short read? */
2601 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2603 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2605 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2610 if ((size_t) k != n)
2616 void initialize_srand(void) {
2617 static bool srand_called = false;
2619 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2628 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2629 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2630 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2631 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2633 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2635 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2638 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2639 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2642 srand_called = true;
2645 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2649 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2653 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2654 * get a PRNG instead. */
2658 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2662 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2665 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2666 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2667 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2668 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2669 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2670 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2673 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2675 if (program_invocation_name)
2676 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2678 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2682 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2684 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2688 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2693 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2700 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2701 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2705 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2710 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2713 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2714 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2717 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2723 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2726 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2728 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2729 return strdup(u.nodename);
2731 return strdup(u.sysname);
2734 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2737 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2739 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2742 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2745 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2746 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2748 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2750 return strdup("root");
2752 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2756 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2760 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2761 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2763 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2769 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2773 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2778 return lookup_uid(uid);
2781 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2788 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2791 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2801 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2806 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2807 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2824 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2828 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2832 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2834 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2841 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2843 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2845 unsigned long ttynr;
2849 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2850 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2854 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2864 "%*d " /* session */
2869 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2878 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2879 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2880 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2887 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2891 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2893 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2899 /* This is an ugly hack */
2900 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2901 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2905 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2906 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2907 * vaguely useful. */
2913 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2915 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2933 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2934 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2939 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2940 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2946 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2951 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2958 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2963 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2966 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2968 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2969 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2970 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2975 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2978 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2979 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2981 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2982 keep_around = false;
2988 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2989 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2992 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2993 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2994 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2995 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3000 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3001 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3005 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3006 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3010 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3012 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3013 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3020 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3023 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3024 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3027 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3030 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3033 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3036 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3041 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3046 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3047 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3049 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3050 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3055 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3058 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3063 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3067 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3068 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3071 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3077 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3078 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3079 * seriously broken system. */
3080 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3081 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3085 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3088 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3092 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3095 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3096 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3101 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3102 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3109 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3114 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3115 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3121 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3124 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3127 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3136 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3137 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3140 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3141 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3144 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3147 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3148 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3149 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3151 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3152 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3155 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3156 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3162 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3165 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3166 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3167 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3169 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3170 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3173 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3174 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3180 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3184 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3187 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3190 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3191 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3201 if (errno != EINVAL)
3208 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3209 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3210 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3211 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3212 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3214 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3218 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3219 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3221 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3224 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3237 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3243 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3251 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3252 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3255 if (!isempty(status)) {
3256 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3257 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3258 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3260 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3263 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3265 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3267 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3273 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3279 va_start(ap, format);
3280 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3286 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3293 const char *e, *word = format;
3298 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3309 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3319 } else if (*e == '$') {
3320 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3337 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3339 k = strappend(r, t);
3353 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3365 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3367 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3369 l = strv_length(argv);
3371 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3375 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3377 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3378 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3383 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3387 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3399 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3409 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3417 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3418 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3430 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3431 struct winsize ws = {};
3433 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3442 unsigned columns(void) {
3446 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3447 return cached_columns;
3450 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3452 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3455 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3461 return cached_columns;
3464 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3465 struct winsize ws = {};
3467 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3476 unsigned lines(void) {
3480 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3481 return cached_lines;
3484 e = getenv("LINES");
3486 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3489 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3495 return cached_lines;
3498 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3499 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3505 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3507 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3508 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3510 return cached_on_tty;
3513 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3516 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3519 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3522 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3523 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3526 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3529 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3536 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3541 assert(percent <= 100);
3542 assert(new_length >= 3);
3544 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3545 return strndup(s, old_length);
3547 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3551 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3553 if (x > new_length - 3)
3561 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3562 new_length - x - 3);
3567 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3571 unsigned k, len, len2;
3574 assert(percent <= 100);
3575 assert(new_length >= 3);
3577 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3578 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3579 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3581 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3582 return strndup(s, old_length);
3584 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3586 if (x > new_length - 3)
3590 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3593 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3596 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3599 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3602 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3605 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3606 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3609 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3613 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3615 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3617 /* make space for ellipsis */
3618 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3621 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3622 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3627 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3628 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3632 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3636 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3641 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3642 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3645 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3646 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3652 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3654 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3659 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3664 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3665 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3670 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3671 struct timespec ts[2];
3673 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3675 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3677 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3684 int touch(const char *path) {
3685 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3688 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3692 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3693 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3694 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3701 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3702 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3707 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3708 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3712 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3722 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3727 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3728 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3730 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3734 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3737 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3748 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3762 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3763 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3764 * failed for an unknown reason.
3765 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3768 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3769 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3771 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3772 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3774 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3781 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3783 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3785 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3786 if (status.si_status != 0)
3787 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3788 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3790 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3792 return status.si_status;
3793 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3794 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3796 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3800 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3804 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3806 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3807 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3815 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3818 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3821 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3827 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3832 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3835 return null_or_empty(&st);
3838 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3843 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3846 return null_or_empty(&st);
3849 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3853 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3855 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3868 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3872 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3874 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3875 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3880 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3881 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3884 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3888 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3889 t = new(char, enc_len);
3893 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3896 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3899 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3902 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3903 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3905 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3906 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3908 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3909 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3911 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3912 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3917 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3920 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3923 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3926 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3929 return streq(tty, "console");
3932 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3937 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3940 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3943 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3946 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3950 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3956 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3959 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3960 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3962 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3965 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3968 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3969 * /dev/console points to */
3970 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3976 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3979 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3980 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3982 tty = *active = tmp;
3989 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3990 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3994 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3997 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3998 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
4003 return tty_is_vc(tty);
4006 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4009 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
4012 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4015 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
4018 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4019 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4020 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4026 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4029 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4030 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4031 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4034 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4037 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4040 static int do_execute(const char *directory, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4041 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4042 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
4045 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
4046 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
4048 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4049 reset_signal_mask();
4051 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4053 d = opendir(directory);
4055 if (errno == ENOENT)
4058 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", directory);
4061 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4065 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4066 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4070 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4073 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4079 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4081 } else if (pid == 0) {
4084 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4094 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4097 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4099 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4106 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4107 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4108 * and turn on alarm(). */
4110 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4111 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4113 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4114 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4117 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4120 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4123 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4129 void execute_directory(const char *directory, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4135 /* Executes all binaries in the directory in parallel and waits
4136 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
4138 executor_pid = fork();
4139 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4140 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4143 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4144 r = do_execute(directory, timeout, argv);
4145 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4148 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid, true);
4151 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4154 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4162 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4168 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4169 if (streq(i, needle))
4175 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4176 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4179 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4188 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4190 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4191 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4192 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4198 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4205 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4212 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4222 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4228 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4232 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4239 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4240 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4251 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4256 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4258 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4261 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4262 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4271 bool image_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4272 if (!filename_is_valid(s))
4275 if (string_has_cc(s, NULL))
4278 if (!utf8_is_valid(s))
4281 /* Temporary files for atomically creating new files */
4282 if (startswith(s, ".#"))
4288 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4289 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4291 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4296 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4303 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4306 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4308 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4316 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4323 return pollfd.revents;
4326 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4335 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4339 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4345 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4358 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4361 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4367 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4368 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4370 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4374 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4377 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4381 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4382 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4383 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4385 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4388 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4389 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4390 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4392 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4397 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4398 "\033[H" /* move home */
4399 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4406 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4409 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4416 /* Try to deallocate */
4417 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4421 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4430 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4432 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4437 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4438 "\033[H" /* move home */
4439 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4446 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4447 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4453 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4457 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4460 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4468 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4469 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4474 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4478 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4481 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4489 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4490 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4495 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4499 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4502 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4510 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4514 display[0] == ':' &&
4515 display[1] >= '0' &&
4519 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4526 if (!display_is_local(display))
4529 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4531 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4535 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4536 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4545 const char **username,
4546 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4548 const char **shell) {
4556 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4557 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4559 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4577 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4581 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4582 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4583 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4584 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4585 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4587 *username = p->pw_name;
4590 p = getpwnam(*username);
4594 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4606 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4611 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4616 return strdup("root");
4620 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4622 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4628 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4633 return strdup("root");
4637 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4639 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4645 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4651 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4652 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4654 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4655 *groupname = "root";
4663 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4668 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4671 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4675 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4683 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4685 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4687 if (getgid() == gid)
4690 if (getegid() == gid)
4693 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4694 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4696 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4698 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4702 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4709 int in_group(const char *name) {
4713 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4720 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4721 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4727 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4729 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4731 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4734 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4736 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4739 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4740 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4745 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4747 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4749 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4751 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4752 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4754 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4755 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4763 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4769 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4772 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4776 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4777 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4778 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4779 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4780 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4781 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4782 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4788 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4789 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4790 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4791 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4795 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4796 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4808 if (!de && errno != 0)
4813 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4815 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4819 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4820 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4823 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4834 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4840 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4854 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4859 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4883 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4897 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4898 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4900 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4901 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4906 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4913 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4914 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4917 r = access(p, F_OK);
4925 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4926 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4929 r = access(p, F_OK);
4935 /* Get parent dev_t */
4936 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4939 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4945 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4951 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4952 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4955 r = access(p, F_OK);
4959 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4966 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4967 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4968 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4969 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4970 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4973 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4975 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4976 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4977 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4978 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4979 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4980 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4981 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4984 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4986 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4987 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4988 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4989 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4990 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4991 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4992 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4993 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4994 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4995 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4996 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4997 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4998 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4999 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5000 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5001 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5002 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5003 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5004 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5005 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5006 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5009 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5011 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5012 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5013 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5014 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5016 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5017 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5018 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5019 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5022 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5024 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5025 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5026 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5027 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5028 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5032 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5034 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5035 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5036 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5037 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5038 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5039 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5040 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5041 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5042 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5043 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5044 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5045 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5046 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5047 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5048 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5049 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5050 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5053 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5055 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5056 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5057 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5058 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5059 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5062 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5064 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5081 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5092 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5094 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5100 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5102 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5103 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5106 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5110 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5111 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5113 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5118 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5123 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5127 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5131 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5132 signo = (int) u + offset;
5133 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5139 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5140 bool loaded = false;
5143 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5151 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5153 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5162 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5169 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5172 static const struct {
5176 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5177 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5178 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5179 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5180 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5184 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5187 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5189 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5192 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5193 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5200 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5208 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5221 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5223 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5225 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5226 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5229 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5232 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5233 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5239 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5241 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5243 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5244 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5247 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5250 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5251 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5256 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5257 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5258 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5259 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5267 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5270 parent_pid = getpid();
5272 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5273 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5274 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5275 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5276 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5279 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5280 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5284 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5285 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5292 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5293 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5294 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5296 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5297 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5298 * SIGTERM or so... */
5299 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5300 reset_signal_mask();
5302 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5303 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5304 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5305 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5307 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5308 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5310 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5311 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5313 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5316 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5317 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5318 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5319 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5320 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5321 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5322 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5323 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5325 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5326 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5330 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5333 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5339 /* Count arguments */
5341 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5346 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5348 /* Fill in arguments */
5350 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5351 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5355 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5358 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5359 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5363 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5369 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5370 * to get as close as we can */
5371 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5373 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5374 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5376 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5382 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5383 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5394 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5396 f = fopen(path, "re");
5404 char line[LINE_MAX];
5407 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5411 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5421 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5422 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5436 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5439 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5442 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5445 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5448 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5451 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5457 bool in_initrd(void) {
5458 static int saved = -1;
5464 /* We make two checks here:
5466 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5467 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5469 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5470 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5471 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5474 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5475 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5476 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5481 void warn_melody(void) {
5482 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5484 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5488 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5490 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5491 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5493 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5494 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5496 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5497 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5499 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5502 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5505 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5507 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5509 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5513 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5518 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5526 /* Take the user specified one */
5527 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5528 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5537 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5540 h = strdup("/root");
5548 /* Check the database... */
5552 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5554 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5557 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5565 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5573 /* Take the user specified one */
5574 e = getenv("SHELL");
5584 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5587 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5595 /* Check the database... */
5599 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5601 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5604 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5612 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5626 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5632 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5638 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5639 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5642 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5650 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5651 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5653 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5658 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5659 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5662 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5672 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5677 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5680 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5683 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5684 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5687 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5693 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5694 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5695 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5704 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5705 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5708 else if (comparison > 0)
5716 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5718 static int cached_answer = -1;
5720 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5723 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5724 cached_answer = true;
5728 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5730 cached_answer = true;
5734 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5735 cached_answer = true;
5739 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5740 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5741 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5743 cached_answer = true;
5747 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5751 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5752 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5756 return (bool) cached_answer;
5759 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5760 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5763 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5764 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5765 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5766 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5767 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5768 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5769 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5770 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5773 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5774 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5775 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5776 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5777 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5778 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5779 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5780 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5785 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5788 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5791 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5797 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5798 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5811 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5817 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5818 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5826 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5838 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5839 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5844 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5846 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5852 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5854 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5856 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5860 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5865 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5867 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5868 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5869 else if (*i == '\t')
5876 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5879 } else if (*i == '[') {
5880 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5885 state = STATE_OTHER;
5892 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5893 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5896 state = STATE_OTHER;
5898 } else if (*i == 'm')
5899 state = STATE_OTHER;
5921 int on_ac_power(void) {
5922 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5923 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5925 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5931 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5937 if (!de && errno != 0)
5943 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
5946 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5948 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5954 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5956 if (errno == ENOENT)
5962 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5966 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5970 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5972 if (errno == ENOENT)
5978 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5982 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5985 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5986 found_online = true;
5988 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5989 found_offline = true;
5994 return found_online || !found_offline;
5997 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
6004 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
6007 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
6008 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
6012 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6014 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6024 if (errno != ENOENT)
6031 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6032 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6038 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6041 f = fopen(path, mode);
6050 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6054 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6057 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6058 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6060 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6063 f = fopen(path, mode);
6072 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6076 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6079 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6086 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6093 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6098 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6107 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6117 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6131 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6139 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6143 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6150 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6157 if (*allocated >= need)
6160 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6161 a = newalloc * size;
6163 /* check for overflows */
6164 if (a < size * need)
6172 *allocated = newalloc;
6176 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6185 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6189 if (*allocated > prev)
6190 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6195 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6201 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6203 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6206 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6207 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6208 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6212 } else if (l == 36) {
6214 /* Formatted UUID */
6216 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6219 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6223 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6224 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6225 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6236 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6251 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6255 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6267 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6268 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6271 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6277 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6280 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6283 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6284 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6286 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6289 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6290 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6296 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6302 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6305 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6311 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6313 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6316 value = strchr(word, '=');
6320 r = parse_item(word, value);
6328 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6329 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6336 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6342 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6345 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6351 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6353 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6357 e = startswith(word, key);
6361 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6367 if (streq(word, key))
6381 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6382 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6390 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6391 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6399 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6402 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6412 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6413 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6421 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6422 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6430 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6431 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6439 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6440 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6448 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6449 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6455 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6458 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6461 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6466 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6471 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6474 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6478 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6482 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6486 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6489 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6493 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6496 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6499 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6505 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6506 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6511 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6514 return errno != ESRCH;
6517 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6520 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6525 r = get_process_state(pid);
6526 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6532 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6533 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6540 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6544 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6547 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6548 * to namespacing issues */
6551 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6553 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6560 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6572 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6576 if (errno != ERANGE)
6583 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6599 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6600 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6601 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6608 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6615 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6622 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6623 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6628 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6629 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6631 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6639 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6642 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6645 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6646 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6648 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6649 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6651 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6652 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6657 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6659 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6660 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6661 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6662 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6663 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6664 * used by libseccomp. */
6666 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6668 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6671 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6674 #elif defined(__i386__)
6676 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6680 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6681 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6682 * as error indicator. */
6683 return 0xffffffffUL;
6686 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6688 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6690 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6696 #elif defined(__i386__)
6705 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6708 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6709 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6711 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6714 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6717 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6719 struct mntent me = {
6720 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6725 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6731 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6734 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6735 const uint8_t *b = p;
6738 assert(s == 0 || b);
6743 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6745 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6750 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6758 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6763 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6777 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6782 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6784 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6785 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6787 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6792 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6796 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6797 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6798 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6801 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6806 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6807 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6811 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6814 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6815 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6816 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6817 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6818 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6819 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6820 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6821 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6822 "- " /* (8) separator */
6823 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6824 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6825 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6826 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6835 p = cunescape(path);
6839 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6842 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6858 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6861 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6863 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6867 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6868 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6869 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6872 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6873 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6874 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6875 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6876 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6877 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6878 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6879 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6880 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6881 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6882 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6883 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6884 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6886 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6890 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6892 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6897 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6898 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6899 bool top_autofs = false;
6901 unsigned long orig_flags;
6903 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6907 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6908 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6912 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6915 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6916 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6917 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6918 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6919 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6920 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6921 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6922 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6923 "- " /* (8) separator */
6924 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6925 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6926 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6927 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6937 p = cunescape(path);
6941 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6942 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6943 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6944 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6945 * already triggered, then we will find
6946 * another entry for this. */
6947 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6948 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6952 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6953 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6955 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6965 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6966 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6968 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6969 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6972 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6973 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6974 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6975 * mount, make it one. */
6976 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6980 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
6981 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
6983 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6986 x = strdup(cleaned);
6990 r = set_consume(done, x);
6995 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6997 r = set_consume(done, x);
7003 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
7004 * don't care for errors, in case of
7005 * obstructed mounts */
7007 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
7008 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7010 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
7012 /* Deal with mount points that are
7013 * obstructed by a later mount */
7015 if (errno != ENOENT)
7023 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
7030 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7035 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
7047 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
7051 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7054 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
7058 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
7060 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7064 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7078 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7082 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7085 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7089 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7092 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7093 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7099 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7103 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7114 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7117 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7121 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7124 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7125 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7131 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7135 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7136 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7139 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7140 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7142 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7143 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7144 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7145 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7146 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7147 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7148 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7149 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7152 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7154 struct flock flock = {
7156 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7164 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7165 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7166 * our own trivial version of this.
7168 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7169 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7170 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7171 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7172 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7175 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7177 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7179 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7183 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7192 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7195 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7198 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7201 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7206 r = stat(path, &st);
7208 r = lstat(path, &st);
7212 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7215 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7216 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7217 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7224 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7226 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7234 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7235 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7236 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7237 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7247 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7257 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7259 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7261 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7262 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7265 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7280 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7293 } else if (c == '\'')
7296 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7298 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7306 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7313 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7317 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7326 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7328 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7336 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7343 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7347 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7353 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7375 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7380 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7381 * quotes if necessary. */
7385 /* Count how many words are expected */
7388 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7397 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7398 l = newa0(char*, n);
7399 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7401 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7405 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7415 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7418 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7421 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7431 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7436 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7437 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7452 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7454 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7458 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7465 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7472 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7485 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7489 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7499 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7500 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7501 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7503 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7504 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7506 struct msghdr mh = {
7507 .msg_control = &control,
7508 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7510 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7517 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7521 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7531 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7533 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7535 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7537 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7539 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7541 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7542 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7543 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7544 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7545 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7547 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7549 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7550 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7552 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7555 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7557 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7560 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7563 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7566 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7567 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7571 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7572 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7575 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7585 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7586 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7589 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7591 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7595 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7602 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7608 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7615 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7622 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7623 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7625 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7628 if (n != sizeof(le))
7631 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7634 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7638 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7641 if (n != sizeof(le))
7644 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7647 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7654 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7657 if (n != sizeof(le))
7660 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7663 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7669 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7671 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7672 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7678 int same_fd(int a, int b) {
7679 struct stat sta, stb;
7686 /* Compares two file descriptors. Note that semantics are
7687 * quite different depending on whether we have kcmp() or we
7688 * don't. If we have kcmp() this will only return true for
7689 * dup()ed file descriptors, but not otherwise. If we don't
7690 * have kcmp() this will also return true for two fds of the same
7691 * file, created by separate open() calls. Since we use this
7692 * call mostly for filtering out duplicates in the fd store
7693 * this difference hopefully doesn't matter too much. */
7698 /* Try to use kcmp() if we have it. */
7700 r = kcmp(pid, pid, KCMP_FILE, a, b);
7705 if (errno != ENOSYS)
7708 /* We don't have kcmp(), use fstat() instead. */
7709 if (fstat(a, &sta) < 0)
7712 if (fstat(b, &stb) < 0)
7715 if ((sta.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (stb.st_mode & S_IFMT))
7718 /* We consider all device fds different, since two device fds
7719 * might refer to quite different device contexts even though
7720 * they share the same inode and backing dev_t. */
7722 if (S_ISCHR(sta.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sta.st_mode))
7725 if (sta.st_dev != stb.st_dev || sta.st_ino != stb.st_ino)
7728 /* The fds refer to the same inode on disk, let's also check
7729 * if they have the same fd flags. This is useful to
7730 * distuingish the read and write side of a pipe created with
7732 fa = fcntl(a, F_GETFL);
7736 fb = fcntl(b, F_GETFL);
7743 int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, int mask) {
7744 int old_attr, new_attr;
7748 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7752 new_attr = old_attr | mask;
7754 new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
7756 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7759 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7765 int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, int mask) {
7766 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7768 fd = open(p, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7772 return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);