1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
178 char * buf_old = buf;
224 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
225 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
226 * g_strescape() does the same */
227 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
229 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
230 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
231 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
237 return buf - buf_old;
240 int close_nointr(int fd) {
247 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
250 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
251 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
252 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
253 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
261 int safe_close(int fd) {
264 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
265 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
266 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
268 * fd = safe_close(fd);
274 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
275 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
276 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
277 * the fd was invalid at all... */
279 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
285 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
288 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
290 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
294 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
305 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
308 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
310 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
316 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
317 unsigned long ul = 0;
324 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
330 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
340 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
341 unsigned long ul = 0;
348 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
354 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
357 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
358 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
361 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
362 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
369 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
377 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
379 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
380 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
382 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
385 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
389 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
397 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
399 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
400 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
402 if ((long) (int) l != l)
409 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
417 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
419 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
420 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
422 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
429 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
437 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
439 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
440 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
442 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
449 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
457 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
459 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
460 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
462 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
469 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
471 unsigned long long l;
477 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
479 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
480 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
486 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
494 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
496 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
497 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
503 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
510 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
515 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
516 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
522 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
523 bool escaped = false;
526 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
529 else if (s[n] == '\\')
531 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
535 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
539 /* Split a string into words. */
540 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
546 assert(**state == '\0');
550 current += strspn(current, separator);
556 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
557 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
559 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
560 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
561 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
562 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
566 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
567 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
569 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
570 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
571 /* unfinished escape */
575 *state = current + *l;
577 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
578 *state = current + *l;
584 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
586 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
598 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
599 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
603 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
604 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
605 * skip over it manually */
607 p = strrchr(line, ')');
619 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
622 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
627 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
632 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
638 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
641 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
645 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
649 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
653 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
654 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
658 p = strrchr(line, ')');
664 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
667 return (unsigned char) state;
670 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
677 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
679 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
686 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
687 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
695 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
701 if (max_length == 0) {
702 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
704 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
706 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
711 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
721 r = new(char, max_length);
727 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
749 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
756 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
758 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
766 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
770 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
779 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
791 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
796 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
800 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
803 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
808 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
814 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
816 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
819 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
825 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
827 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
832 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
839 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
840 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
844 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
851 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
852 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
862 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
867 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
872 if (startswith(l, field)) {
874 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
876 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
878 return parse_uid(l, uid);
885 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
886 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
889 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
890 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
891 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
894 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
899 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
901 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
904 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
909 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
911 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
914 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
915 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
916 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
919 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
924 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
930 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
931 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
935 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
937 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
947 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
955 return strndup(suffix, b);
964 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
967 r = new(char, a+b+1);
972 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
978 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
979 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
982 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
997 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1004 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1015 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1016 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1019 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1020 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1024 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1028 value = basename(link);
1032 value = strdup(value);
1041 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1042 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1049 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1053 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1061 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1068 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1072 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1079 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1084 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1087 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1088 struct sigaction sa = {
1089 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1090 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1093 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1094 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1097 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1098 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1099 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1100 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1107 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1110 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1113 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1119 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1122 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1123 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1125 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1127 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1128 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1136 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1139 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1141 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1142 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1153 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1160 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1161 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1164 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1165 return strdup(filename);
1167 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1168 return strdup(filename);
1170 k = strlen(filename);
1171 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1174 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1175 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1180 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1189 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1190 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1196 /* Skip last component */
1197 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1200 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1201 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1207 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1210 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1219 if (errno != ENOENT)
1226 char hexchar(int x) {
1227 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1229 return table[x & 15];
1232 int unhexchar(char c) {
1234 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1237 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1238 return c - 'a' + 10;
1240 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1241 return c - 'A' + 10;
1246 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1250 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1254 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1255 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1256 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1263 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1269 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1273 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1276 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1278 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1282 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1289 char octchar(int x) {
1290 return '0' + (x & 7);
1293 int unoctchar(char c) {
1295 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1301 char decchar(int x) {
1302 return '0' + (x % 10);
1305 int undecchar(char c) {
1307 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1313 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1319 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1321 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1325 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1326 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1333 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1340 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1342 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1344 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1349 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1351 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1394 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1399 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1402 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1403 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1405 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1406 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1410 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1425 /* octal encoding */
1428 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1429 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1430 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1432 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1433 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1437 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1445 /* premature end of string. */
1450 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1462 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1463 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1466 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1469 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1472 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1476 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1477 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1480 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1484 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1486 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1487 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1490 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1491 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1501 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1506 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1507 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1508 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1513 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1517 filename[0] == '.' ||
1518 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1519 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1520 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1521 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1522 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1523 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1524 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1525 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1526 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1527 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1530 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1533 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1536 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1539 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1544 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1549 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1551 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1553 if (nflags == flags)
1556 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1562 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1567 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1572 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1574 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1576 if (nflags == flags)
1579 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1585 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1588 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1590 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1597 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1598 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1602 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1604 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1609 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1610 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1613 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1614 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1616 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1619 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1620 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1627 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1630 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1633 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1634 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1643 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1646 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1647 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1648 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1656 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1659 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1660 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1667 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1668 static const char table[] =
1682 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1686 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1690 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1692 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1698 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1702 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1705 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1708 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1714 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1715 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1716 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1721 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1722 new_termios = old_termios;
1724 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1725 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1726 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1728 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1731 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1732 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1733 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1738 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1740 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1746 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1753 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1754 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1759 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1760 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1764 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1774 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1784 bool need_nl = true;
1787 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1794 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1798 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1801 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1802 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1813 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1818 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1822 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1827 char line[LINE_MAX];
1831 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1838 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1843 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1844 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1846 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1865 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1866 struct termios termios;
1869 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1873 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1874 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1875 * interfere with that. */
1877 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1878 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1880 /* Switch to text mode */
1882 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1884 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1885 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1887 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1892 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1893 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1894 * else will do that for us */
1896 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1897 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1898 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1899 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1900 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1902 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1903 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1904 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1905 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1906 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1907 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1908 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1909 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1910 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1911 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1912 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1913 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1914 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1916 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1917 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1919 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1923 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1924 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1929 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1930 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1932 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1936 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1939 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1944 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1945 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1946 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1947 * retrying a couple of times.
1949 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1952 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1955 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1962 /* Max 1s in total */
1966 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1984 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1985 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1995 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2005 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2011 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2020 int acquire_terminal(
2024 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2027 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2032 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2033 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2034 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2036 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2037 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2038 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2039 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2040 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2041 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2042 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2043 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2045 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2046 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2048 if (!fail && !force) {
2049 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2055 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2063 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2064 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2065 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2069 r = flush_fd(notify);
2074 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2075 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2076 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2077 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2081 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2082 * if we already own the tty. */
2083 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2085 /* First, try to get the tty */
2086 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2089 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2091 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2092 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2093 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2094 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2097 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2106 assert(notify >= 0);
2109 uint8_t buffer[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX] _alignas_(struct inotify_event);
2110 struct inotify_event *e;
2113 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2116 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2117 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2122 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2132 l = read(notify, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2134 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2141 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2142 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2151 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2152 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2153 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2154 * an endless loop. */
2155 fd = safe_close(fd);
2160 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2162 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2173 int release_terminal(void) {
2174 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2175 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2176 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2179 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2180 struct sigaction sa_old;
2183 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2187 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2188 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2189 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2191 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2194 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2199 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2204 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2205 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2212 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2213 struct sigaction sa = {
2214 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2215 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2220 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2224 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2225 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2232 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2233 struct sigaction sa = {
2234 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2235 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2240 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2244 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2245 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2252 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2256 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2258 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2262 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2263 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2266 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2273 while (nbytes > 0) {
2276 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2281 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2283 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2284 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2287 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2291 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2305 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2306 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2313 while (nbytes > 0) {
2316 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2321 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2322 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2323 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2326 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2333 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2343 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2345 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2346 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2347 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2348 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2349 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2350 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2351 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2353 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2354 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2355 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2356 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2361 unsigned long long factor;
2364 static const struct table iec[] = {
2365 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2366 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2367 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2368 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2369 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2375 static const struct table si[] = {
2376 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2377 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2378 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2379 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2380 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2386 const struct table *table;
2388 unsigned long long r = 0;
2389 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2392 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2397 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2400 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2406 unsigned long long l2;
2412 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2425 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2428 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2429 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2431 if (errno == ERANGE)
2434 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2441 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2443 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2444 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2445 unsigned long long tmp;
2446 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2448 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2449 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2453 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2456 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2472 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2477 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2478 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2479 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2484 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2487 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2488 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2489 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2490 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2491 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2496 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2499 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2503 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2506 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2508 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2509 * sysfs or in /dev */
2512 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2513 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2516 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2517 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2528 if (!de && errno != 0)
2534 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2539 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2540 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2557 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2558 static int have_syscall = -1;
2562 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2563 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2564 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2565 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2566 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2567 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2569 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2570 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2571 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2572 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2574 have_syscall = true;
2579 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2580 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2581 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2582 have_syscall = false;
2583 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2584 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2585 * remember to use the syscall the
2586 * next time, again, but also read
2587 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2588 * doesn't care about the current
2589 * amount of entropy. */
2590 have_syscall = true;
2594 /* too short read? */
2598 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2600 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2602 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2607 if ((size_t) k != n)
2613 void initialize_srand(void) {
2614 static bool srand_called = false;
2616 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2625 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2626 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2627 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2628 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2630 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2632 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2635 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2636 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2639 srand_called = true;
2642 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2646 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2650 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2651 * get a PRNG instead. */
2655 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2659 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2662 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2663 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2664 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2665 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2666 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2667 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2670 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2672 if (program_invocation_name)
2673 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2675 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2679 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2681 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2685 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2690 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2697 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2698 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2702 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2707 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2710 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2711 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2714 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2720 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2723 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2725 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2726 return strdup(u.nodename);
2728 return strdup(u.sysname);
2731 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2734 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2736 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2739 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2742 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2743 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2745 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2747 return strdup("root");
2749 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2753 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2757 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2758 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2760 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2766 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2770 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2775 return lookup_uid(uid);
2778 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2785 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2788 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2789 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2794 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2800 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2808 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2812 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2816 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2818 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2825 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2827 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2829 unsigned long ttynr;
2833 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2834 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2838 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2848 "%*d " /* session */
2853 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2862 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2863 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2864 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2871 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2875 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2877 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2883 /* This is an ugly hack */
2884 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2885 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2889 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2890 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2891 * vaguely useful. */
2897 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2899 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2917 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2918 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2923 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2924 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2930 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2935 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2942 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2947 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2950 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2952 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2953 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2954 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2959 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2962 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2963 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2965 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2966 keep_around = false;
2972 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2973 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2976 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2977 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2978 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2979 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2984 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2985 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2989 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2990 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2994 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2996 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2997 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3004 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3007 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3008 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3011 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3014 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3017 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3020 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3025 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3030 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3031 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3033 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3034 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3039 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3042 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3047 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3051 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3052 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3055 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3061 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3062 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3063 * seriously broken system. */
3064 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3065 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3069 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3072 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3076 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3079 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3080 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3085 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3086 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3093 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3098 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3099 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3105 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3108 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3111 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3120 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3121 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3124 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3125 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3128 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3131 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3132 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3133 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3135 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3136 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3139 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3140 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3146 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3149 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3150 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3151 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3153 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3154 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3157 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3158 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3164 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3168 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3171 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3174 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3175 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3185 if (errno != EINVAL)
3192 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3193 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3194 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3195 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3196 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3198 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3202 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3203 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3205 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3208 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3221 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3227 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3235 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3236 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3239 if (!isempty(status)) {
3240 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3241 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3242 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3244 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3247 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3249 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3251 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3257 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3263 va_start(ap, format);
3264 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3270 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3277 const char *e, *word = format;
3282 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3293 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3303 } else if (*e == '$') {
3304 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3321 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3323 k = strappend(r, t);
3337 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3349 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3351 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3353 l = strv_length(argv);
3355 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3359 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3361 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3362 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3367 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3371 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3383 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3393 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3401 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3402 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3414 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3415 struct winsize ws = {};
3417 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3426 unsigned columns(void) {
3430 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3431 return cached_columns;
3434 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3436 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3439 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3448 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3449 struct winsize ws = {};
3451 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3460 unsigned lines(void) {
3464 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3465 return cached_lines;
3468 e = getenv("LINES");
3470 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3473 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3479 return cached_lines;
3482 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3483 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3489 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3491 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3492 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3494 return cached_on_tty;
3497 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3500 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3503 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3506 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3507 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3510 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3513 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3520 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3525 assert(percent <= 100);
3526 assert(new_length >= 3);
3528 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3529 return strndup(s, old_length);
3531 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3535 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3537 if (x > new_length - 3)
3545 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3546 new_length - x - 3);
3551 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3555 unsigned k, len, len2;
3558 assert(percent <= 100);
3559 assert(new_length >= 3);
3561 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3562 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3563 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3565 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3566 return strndup(s, old_length);
3568 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3570 if (x > new_length - 3)
3574 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3577 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3580 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3583 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3586 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3589 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3590 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3593 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3597 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3599 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3601 /* make space for ellipsis */
3602 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3605 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3606 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3611 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3612 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3616 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3620 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3625 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3626 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3629 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3630 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3636 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3638 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3643 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3648 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3649 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3654 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3655 struct timespec ts[2];
3657 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3659 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3661 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3668 int touch(const char *path) {
3669 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3672 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3676 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3677 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3678 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3685 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3686 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3691 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3692 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3696 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3706 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3711 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3712 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3714 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3718 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3721 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3732 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3746 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3747 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3748 * failed for an unknown reason.
3749 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3752 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3753 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3755 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3756 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3758 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3765 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3767 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3769 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3770 if (status.si_status != 0)
3771 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3772 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3774 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3776 return status.si_status;
3777 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3778 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3780 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3784 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3788 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3790 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3791 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3799 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3802 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3805 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3811 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3816 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3819 return null_or_empty(&st);
3822 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3827 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3830 return null_or_empty(&st);
3833 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3837 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3839 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3852 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3856 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3858 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3859 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3864 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3865 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3868 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3872 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3873 t = new(char, enc_len);
3877 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3880 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3883 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3886 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3887 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3889 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3890 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3892 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3893 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3895 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3896 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3901 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3904 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3907 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3910 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3913 return streq(tty, "console");
3916 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3921 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3924 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3927 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3930 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3934 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3940 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3943 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3944 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3946 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3949 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3952 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3953 * /dev/console points to */
3954 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3960 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3963 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3964 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3966 tty = *active = tmp;
3973 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3974 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3978 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3981 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3982 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3987 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3990 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3993 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3996 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3999 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
4002 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4003 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4004 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4010 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4013 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4014 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4015 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4018 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4021 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4024 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4030 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4031 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
4033 executor_pid = fork();
4034 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4035 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4038 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4039 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4040 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
4043 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
4044 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
4047 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4048 reset_signal_mask();
4050 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4053 d = _d = opendir(directory);
4055 if (errno == ENOENT)
4056 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4058 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4059 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4063 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4066 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4069 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4070 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4073 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4076 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4079 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4084 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4086 } else if (pid == 0) {
4089 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4099 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4100 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4103 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4105 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4108 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4114 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4115 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4116 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4118 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4119 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4121 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4122 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4125 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4128 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4131 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4134 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4137 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid, true);
4140 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4143 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4151 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4157 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4158 if (streq(i, needle))
4164 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4165 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4168 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4177 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4179 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4180 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4181 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4187 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4194 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4201 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4211 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4217 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4221 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4228 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4229 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4240 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4245 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4247 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4250 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4251 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4260 bool image_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4261 if (!filename_is_valid(s))
4264 if (string_has_cc(s, NULL))
4267 if (!utf8_is_valid(s))
4270 /* Temporary files for atomically creating new files */
4271 if (startswith(s, ".#"))
4277 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4278 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4280 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4285 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4292 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4295 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4297 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4305 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4312 return pollfd.revents;
4315 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4324 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4328 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4334 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4347 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4350 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4356 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4357 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4359 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4363 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4366 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4370 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4371 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4372 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4374 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4377 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4378 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4379 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4381 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4386 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4387 "\033[H" /* move home */
4388 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4395 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4398 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4405 /* Try to deallocate */
4406 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4410 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4419 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4421 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4426 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4427 "\033[H" /* move home */
4428 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4435 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4436 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4442 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4446 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4449 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4457 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4458 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4463 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4467 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4470 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4478 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4479 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4484 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4488 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4491 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4499 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4503 display[0] == ':' &&
4504 display[1] >= '0' &&
4508 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4515 if (!display_is_local(display))
4518 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4520 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4524 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4525 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4534 const char **username,
4535 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4537 const char **shell) {
4545 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4546 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4548 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4566 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4570 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4571 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4572 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4573 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4574 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4576 *username = p->pw_name;
4579 p = getpwnam(*username);
4583 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4595 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4600 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4605 return strdup("root");
4609 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4611 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4617 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4622 return strdup("root");
4626 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4628 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4634 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4640 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4641 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4643 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4644 *groupname = "root";
4652 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4657 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4660 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4664 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4672 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4674 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4676 if (getgid() == gid)
4679 if (getegid() == gid)
4682 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4683 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4685 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4687 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4691 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4698 int in_group(const char *name) {
4702 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4709 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4710 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4716 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4718 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4720 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4723 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4725 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4728 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4729 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4734 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4736 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4738 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4740 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4741 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4743 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4744 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4752 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4758 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4761 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4765 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4766 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4767 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4768 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4769 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4770 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4771 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4777 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4778 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4779 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4780 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4784 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4785 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4797 if (!de && errno != 0)
4802 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4804 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4808 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4809 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4812 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4823 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4829 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4843 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4848 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4872 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4886 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4887 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4889 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4890 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4895 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4902 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4903 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4906 r = access(p, F_OK);
4914 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4915 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4918 r = access(p, F_OK);
4924 /* Get parent dev_t */
4925 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4928 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4934 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4940 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4941 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4944 r = access(p, F_OK);
4948 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4955 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4956 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4957 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4958 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4959 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4962 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4964 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4965 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4966 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4967 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4968 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4969 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4970 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4973 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4975 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4976 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4977 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4978 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4979 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4980 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4981 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4982 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4983 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4984 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4985 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4986 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4987 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4988 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4989 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4990 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4991 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4992 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4993 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4994 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4995 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4998 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5000 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5001 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5002 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5003 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5005 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5006 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5007 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5008 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5011 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5013 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5014 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5015 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5016 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5017 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5021 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5023 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5024 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5025 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5026 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5027 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5028 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5029 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5030 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5031 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5032 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5033 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5034 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5035 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5036 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5037 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5038 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5039 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5042 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5044 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5045 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5046 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5047 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5048 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5051 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5053 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5070 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5081 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5083 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5089 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5091 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5092 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5095 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5099 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5100 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5102 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5107 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5112 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5116 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5120 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5121 signo = (int) u + offset;
5122 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5128 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5129 bool loaded = false;
5132 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5140 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5142 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5151 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5158 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5161 static const struct {
5165 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5166 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5167 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5168 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5169 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5173 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5175 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5178 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5179 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5186 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5194 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5207 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5209 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5211 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5212 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5215 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5218 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5219 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5225 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5227 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5229 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5230 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5233 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5236 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5237 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5242 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5243 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5244 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5245 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5253 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5256 parent_pid = getpid();
5258 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5259 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5260 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5261 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5262 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5265 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5266 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5270 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5271 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5278 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5279 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5280 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5282 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5283 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5284 * SIGTERM or so... */
5285 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5286 reset_signal_mask();
5288 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5289 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5290 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5291 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5293 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5294 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5296 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5297 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5299 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5302 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5303 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5304 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5305 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5306 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5307 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5308 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5309 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5311 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5312 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5316 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5319 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5325 /* Count arguments */
5327 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5332 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5334 /* Fill in arguments */
5336 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5337 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5341 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5344 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5345 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5349 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5355 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5356 * to get as close as we can */
5357 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5359 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5360 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5362 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5368 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5369 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5380 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5382 f = fopen(path, "re");
5390 char line[LINE_MAX];
5393 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5397 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5407 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5408 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5422 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5425 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5428 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5431 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5434 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5437 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5443 bool in_initrd(void) {
5444 static int saved = -1;
5450 /* We make two checks here:
5452 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5453 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5455 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5456 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5457 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5460 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5461 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5462 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5467 void warn_melody(void) {
5468 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5470 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5474 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5476 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5477 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5479 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5480 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5482 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5483 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5485 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5488 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5491 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5493 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5495 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5499 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5504 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5512 /* Take the user specified one */
5513 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5514 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5523 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5526 h = strdup("/root");
5534 /* Check the database... */
5538 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5540 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5543 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5551 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5559 /* Take the user specified one */
5560 e = getenv("SHELL");
5570 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5573 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5581 /* Check the database... */
5585 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5587 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5590 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5598 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5612 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5618 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5624 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5625 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5628 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5636 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5637 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5639 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5644 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5645 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5648 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5658 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5663 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5666 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5669 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5670 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5673 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5679 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5680 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5681 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5690 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5691 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5694 else if (comparison > 0)
5702 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5704 static int cached_answer = -1;
5706 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5709 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5710 cached_answer = true;
5714 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5716 cached_answer = true;
5720 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5721 cached_answer = true;
5725 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5726 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5727 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5729 cached_answer = true;
5733 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5737 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5738 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5742 return (bool) cached_answer;
5745 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5746 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5749 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5750 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5751 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5752 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5753 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5754 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5755 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5756 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5759 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5760 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5761 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5762 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5763 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5764 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5765 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5766 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5771 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5774 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5777 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5783 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5784 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5797 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5803 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5804 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5812 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5824 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5825 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5830 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5832 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5838 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5840 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5842 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5846 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5851 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5853 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5854 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5855 else if (*i == '\t')
5862 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5865 } else if (*i == '[') {
5866 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5871 state = STATE_OTHER;
5878 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5879 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5882 state = STATE_OTHER;
5884 } else if (*i == 'm')
5885 state = STATE_OTHER;
5907 int on_ac_power(void) {
5908 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5909 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5911 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5917 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5923 if (!de && errno != 0)
5929 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
5932 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5934 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5940 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5942 if (errno == ENOENT)
5948 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5952 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5956 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5958 if (errno == ENOENT)
5964 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5968 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5971 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5972 found_online = true;
5974 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5975 found_offline = true;
5980 return found_online || !found_offline;
5983 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5990 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5993 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5994 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5998 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6000 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6010 if (errno != ENOENT)
6017 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6018 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6024 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6027 f = fopen(path, mode);
6036 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6040 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6043 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6044 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6046 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6049 f = fopen(path, mode);
6058 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6062 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6065 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6072 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6079 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6084 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6093 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6103 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6117 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6125 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6129 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6136 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6143 if (*allocated >= need)
6146 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6147 a = newalloc * size;
6149 /* check for overflows */
6150 if (a < size * need)
6158 *allocated = newalloc;
6162 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6171 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6175 if (*allocated > prev)
6176 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6181 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6187 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6189 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6192 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6193 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6194 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6198 } else if (l == 36) {
6200 /* Formatted UUID */
6202 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6205 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6209 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6210 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6211 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6222 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6237 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6241 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6253 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6254 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6257 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6263 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6266 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6269 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6270 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6272 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6275 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6276 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6282 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6288 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6291 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6297 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6299 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6302 value = strchr(word, '=');
6306 r = parse_item(word, value);
6314 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6315 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6322 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6328 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6331 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6337 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6339 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6343 e = startswith(word, key);
6347 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6353 if (streq(word, key))
6367 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6368 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6376 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6377 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6385 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6388 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6398 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6399 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6407 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6408 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6416 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6417 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6425 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6426 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6434 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6435 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6441 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6444 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6447 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6452 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6457 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6460 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6464 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6468 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6472 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6475 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6479 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6482 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6485 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6491 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6492 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6497 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6500 return errno != ESRCH;
6503 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6506 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6511 r = get_process_state(pid);
6512 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6518 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6519 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6526 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6530 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6533 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6534 * to namespacing issues */
6537 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6539 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6546 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6558 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6562 if (errno != ERANGE)
6569 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6585 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6586 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6587 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6594 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6601 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6608 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6609 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6614 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6615 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6617 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6625 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6628 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6631 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6632 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6634 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6635 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6637 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6638 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6643 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6645 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6646 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6647 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6648 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6649 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6650 * used by libseccomp. */
6652 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6654 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6657 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6660 #elif defined(__i386__)
6662 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6666 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6667 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6668 * as error indicator. */
6669 return 0xffffffffUL;
6672 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6674 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6676 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6682 #elif defined(__i386__)
6691 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6694 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6695 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6697 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6700 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6703 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6705 struct mntent me = {
6706 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6711 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6717 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6720 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6721 const uint8_t *b = p;
6724 assert(s == 0 || b);
6729 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6731 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6736 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6744 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6749 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6763 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6768 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6770 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6771 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6773 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6778 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6782 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6783 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6784 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6787 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6792 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6793 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6797 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6800 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6801 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6802 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6803 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6804 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6805 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6806 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6807 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6808 "- " /* (8) separator */
6809 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6810 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6811 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6812 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6821 p = cunescape(path);
6825 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6828 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6844 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6845 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6846 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6849 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6850 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6851 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6852 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6853 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6854 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6855 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6856 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6857 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6858 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6859 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6860 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6861 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6863 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6867 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6869 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6874 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6875 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6876 bool top_autofs = false;
6879 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6883 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6884 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6888 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6891 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6892 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6893 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6894 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6895 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6896 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6897 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6898 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6899 "- " /* (8) separator */
6900 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6901 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6902 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6903 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6913 p = cunescape(path);
6917 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6918 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6919 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6920 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6921 * already triggered, then we will find
6922 * another entry for this. */
6923 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6924 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6928 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6929 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6931 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6941 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6942 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6944 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6945 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6948 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6949 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6950 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6951 * mount, make it one. */
6952 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6955 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6958 x = strdup(cleaned);
6962 r = set_consume(done, x);
6967 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6969 r = set_consume(done, x);
6975 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6977 /* Deal with mount points that are
6978 * obstructed by a later mount */
6980 if (errno != ENOENT)
6988 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6995 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7000 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
7012 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
7016 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7019 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
7023 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
7025 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7029 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7043 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7047 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7050 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7054 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7057 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7058 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7064 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7068 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7079 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7082 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7086 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7089 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7090 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7096 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7100 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7101 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7104 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7105 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7107 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7108 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7109 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7110 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7111 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7112 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7113 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7114 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7117 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7119 struct flock flock = {
7121 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7129 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7130 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7131 * our own trivial version of this.
7133 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7134 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7135 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7136 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7137 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7140 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7142 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7144 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7148 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7157 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7160 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7163 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7166 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7171 r = stat(path, &st);
7173 r = lstat(path, &st);
7177 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7180 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7181 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7182 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7189 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7191 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7199 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7200 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7201 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7202 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7212 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7222 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7224 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7226 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7227 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7230 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7245 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7258 } else if (c == '\'')
7261 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7263 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7271 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7278 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7282 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7291 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7293 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7301 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7308 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7312 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7318 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7340 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7345 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7346 * quotes if necessary. */
7350 /* Count how many words are expected */
7353 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7362 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7363 l = newa0(char*, n);
7364 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7366 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7370 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7380 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7383 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7386 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7396 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7401 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7402 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7417 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7419 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7423 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7430 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));