1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
22 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
28 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/prctl.h>
35 #include <sys/mount.h>
39 #include "load-fragment.h"
42 #include "conf-parser.h"
43 #include "bus-errors.h"
51 #include "path-util.h"
53 #include "mount-setup.h"
54 #include "loopback-setup.h"
55 #include "kmod-setup.h"
56 #include "hostname-setup.h"
57 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
58 #include "locale-setup.h"
60 #include "selinux-setup.h"
61 #include "ima-setup.h"
67 ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
69 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
71 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
72 static ManagerRunningAs arg_running_as = _MANAGER_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
74 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
75 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
76 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
77 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
78 static bool arg_show_status = true;
79 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
80 static bool arg_sysv_console = true;
82 static char **arg_default_controllers = NULL;
83 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
84 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
85 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
86 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
87 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
89 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
91 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
94 _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
97 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
102 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
104 sa.sa_handler = nop_handler;
105 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART;
106 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
108 if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
109 log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
114 /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
116 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
117 assert_se(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == 0);
119 /* Don't limit the core dump size */
121 rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
122 rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
123 setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
125 /* Just to be sure... */
126 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
128 /* Raise the signal again */
131 assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
138 /* Order things nicely. */
139 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
140 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
141 else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
142 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
144 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
149 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
151 if (arg_crash_shell) {
155 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
158 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
160 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
161 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART;
162 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
164 if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
165 log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %s", strerror(errno));
169 if ((fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true)) < 0)
170 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
171 else if ((r = make_stdio(fd)) < 0)
172 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
174 execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
176 log_error("execl() failed: %s", strerror(errno));
180 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
183 log_info("Freezing execution.");
187 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
192 sa.sa_handler = crash;
193 sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
195 sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
198 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
201 /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
202 * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
209 tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
211 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
215 /* We don't want to force text mode.
216 * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
217 r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
219 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
221 close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
225 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
230 if (!(c = strdup(u)))
233 free(arg_default_unit);
234 arg_default_unit = c;
238 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
240 static const char * const rlmap[] = {
241 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
242 "-b", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
243 "single", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
244 "-s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
245 "s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
246 "S", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
247 "1", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
248 "2", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
249 "3", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
250 "4", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
251 "5", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
256 if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit="))
257 return set_default_unit(word + 13);
259 else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
261 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
262 log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
264 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
266 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
267 log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
269 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
271 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
272 log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
274 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
276 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
277 log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
279 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
282 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
283 log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
287 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
290 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
291 log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
295 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
298 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
299 log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
301 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
303 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
306 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
307 log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
311 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
314 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
315 log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
318 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
321 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
322 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
324 arg_default_std_output = r;
325 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
328 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
329 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
331 arg_default_std_error = r;
332 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
336 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
340 eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
344 log_warning("unsetenv failed %s. Ignoring.", strerror(errno));
347 r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
349 log_warning("setenv failed %s. Ignoring.", strerror(errno));
352 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
353 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.sysv_console=")) {
356 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 21)) < 0)
357 log_warning("Failed to parse SysV console switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
359 arg_sysv_console = r;
362 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.")) {
364 log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
366 log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
367 "systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start\n"
368 "systemd.dump_core=0|1 Dump core on crash\n"
369 "systemd.crash_shell=0|1 Run shell on crash\n"
370 "systemd.crash_chvt=N Change to VT #N on crash\n"
371 "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1 Confirm every process spawn\n"
372 "systemd.show_status=0|1 Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
373 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
374 "systemd.sysv_console=0|1 Connect output of SysV scripts to console\n"
376 "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
378 "systemd.log_level=LEVEL Log level\n"
379 "systemd.log_color=0|1 Highlight important log messages\n"
380 "systemd.log_location=0|1 Include code location in log messages\n"
381 "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
382 " Set default log output for services\n"
383 "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
384 " Set default log error output for services\n");
386 } else if (streq(word, "quiet")) {
387 arg_show_status = false;
388 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
389 arg_sysv_console = false;
394 /* SysV compatibility */
395 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
396 if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
397 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
403 static int config_parse_level2(
404 const char *filename,
417 log_set_max_level_from_string(rvalue);
421 static int config_parse_target(
422 const char *filename,
435 log_set_target_from_string(rvalue);
439 static int config_parse_color(
440 const char *filename,
453 log_show_color_from_string(rvalue);
457 static int config_parse_location(
458 const char *filename,
471 log_show_location_from_string(rvalue);
475 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
476 const char *filename,
495 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
500 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
503 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
507 if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
510 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
511 log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to parse CPU affinity: %s", filename, line, rvalue);
516 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
520 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
521 log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
529 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
541 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
542 if (!arg_join_controllers)
545 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
546 arg_join_controllers = NULL;
549 static int config_parse_join_controllers(
550 const char *filename,
567 free_join_controllers();
569 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
572 s = strndup(w, length);
576 l = strv_split(s, ",");
581 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
586 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
587 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
588 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
593 arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
594 arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
601 t = new0(char**, n+2);
609 for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
611 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
614 c = strv_merge(*a, l);
637 t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
639 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
640 arg_join_controllers = t;
647 static int parse_config_file(void) {
649 const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
650 { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL },
651 { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL },
652 { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL },
653 { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL },
654 { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core },
655 { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell },
656 { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_show_status },
657 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
658 { "Manager", "SysVConsole", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_sysv_console },
660 { "Manager", "CrashChVT", config_parse_int, 0, &arg_crash_chvt },
661 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL },
662 { "Manager", "DefaultControllers", config_parse_strv, 0, &arg_default_controllers },
663 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_output },
664 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_error },
665 { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
666 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog },
667 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog },
668 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
675 fn = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE;
681 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
685 r = config_parse(fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, NULL);
687 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
694 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
695 char *line, *w, *state;
699 /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
700 * that is only relevant for the host system */
701 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
704 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line)) < 0) {
705 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
709 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
712 if (!(word = strndup(w, l))) {
717 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
731 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
734 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
742 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
751 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
752 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
755 static const struct option options[] = {
756 { "log-level", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL },
757 { "log-target", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET },
758 { "log-color", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR },
759 { "log-location", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION },
760 { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT },
761 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
762 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
763 { "test", no_argument, NULL, ARG_TEST },
764 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
765 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
766 { "dump-core", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE },
767 { "crash-shell", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL },
768 { "confirm-spawn", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN },
769 { "show-status", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS },
770 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
771 { "sysv-console", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSV_CONSOLE },
773 { "deserialize", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE },
774 { "switchedroot", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SWITCHEDROOT },
775 { "introspect", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT },
776 { "default-standard-output", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, },
777 { "default-standard-error", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, },
789 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
794 if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
795 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
803 if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
804 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
813 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
814 log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
818 log_show_color(true);
822 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
825 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
826 log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
830 log_show_location(true);
834 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
836 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
837 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
840 arg_default_std_output = r;
843 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
845 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
846 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
849 arg_default_std_error = r;
854 if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
855 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
862 arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
866 arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
870 arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
873 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
874 arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
878 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
880 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
886 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
887 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
889 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
895 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
896 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
898 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
901 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
904 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
905 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
907 log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
913 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
914 case ARG_SYSV_CONSOLE:
915 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
917 log_error("Failed to parse SysV console boolean %s.", optarg);
920 arg_sysv_console = r;
924 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
928 if ((r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd)) < 0 || fd < 0) {
929 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
933 if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) {
934 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
939 fclose(serialization);
946 case ARG_SWITCHEDROOT:
947 /* Nothing special yet */
950 case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
951 const char * const * i = NULL;
953 for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
954 if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
955 fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
958 fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
965 log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
967 arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
972 arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
976 log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
982 /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
983 * cmdline args without getopt() error
984 * messages that we'll parse in
985 * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
990 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
997 if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
998 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
999 * let's complain about excess arguments */
1001 log_error("Excess arguments.");
1005 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
1008 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
1009 * understand it passed to us. We're not really
1010 * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
1011 * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
1012 * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
1013 * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
1016 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
1017 if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0)
1024 static int help(void) {
1026 printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1027 "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1028 " -h --help Show this help\n"
1029 " --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1030 " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1031 " --introspect[=INTERFACE] Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
1032 " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n"
1033 " --system Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1034 " --user Run a user instance\n"
1035 " --dump-core[=0|1] Dump core on crash\n"
1036 " --crash-shell[=0|1] Run shell on crash\n"
1037 " --confirm-spawn[=0|1] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1038 " --show-status[=0|1] Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1039 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1040 " --sysv-console[=0|1] Connect output of SysV scripts to console\n"
1042 " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1043 " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1044 " --log-color[=0|1] Highlight important log messages\n"
1045 " --log-location[=0|1] Include code location in log messages\n"
1046 " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n"
1047 " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n",
1048 program_invocation_short_name);
1053 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds) {
1062 /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1065 if ((r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f)) < 0) {
1066 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1070 if (!(fds = fdset_new())) {
1072 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1076 if ((r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds)) < 0) {
1077 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1081 if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1082 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1086 if ((r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false)) < 0) {
1087 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1091 if ((r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false)) < 0) {
1092 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1110 static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) {
1112 unsigned long long a, b;
1116 e = getenv("RD_TIMESTAMP");
1120 if (sscanf(e, "%llu %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
1123 t->realtime = (usec_t) a;
1124 t->monotonic = (usec_t) b;
1129 static void test_mtab(void) {
1132 /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1134 if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1137 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1144 log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1145 "This is not supported anymore. "
1146 "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1149 static void test_usr(void) {
1151 /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1153 if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1156 log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1157 "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1158 "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1161 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1163 if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1166 log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1167 "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1168 "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1169 "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1170 "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1171 "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1176 static int do_switch_root(const char *switch_root) {
1178 /* Don't try to unmount the old "/", there's no way to do it. */
1179 const char *umounts[] = { "/dev", "/proc", "/sys", "/run", NULL };
1182 struct stat switch_root_stat, sb;
1184 if (path_equal(switch_root, "/"))
1187 if (stat(switch_root, &switch_root_stat) != 0) {
1189 log_error("failed to stat directory %s", switch_root);
1193 for (i = 0; umounts[i] != NULL; i++) {
1194 char newmount[PATH_MAX];
1196 snprintf(newmount, sizeof(newmount), "%s%s", switch_root, umounts[i]);
1198 if ((stat(newmount, &sb) != 0) || (sb.st_dev != switch_root_stat.st_dev)) {
1199 /* mount point seems to be mounted already or stat failed */
1200 umount2(umounts[i], MNT_DETACH);
1204 if (mount(umounts[i], newmount, NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
1205 log_error("failed to mount moving %s to %s",
1206 umounts[i], newmount);
1207 log_error("forcing unmount of %s", umounts[i]);
1208 umount2(umounts[i], MNT_FORCE);
1212 if (chdir(switch_root)) {
1214 log_error("failed to change directory to %s", switch_root);
1218 cfd = open("/", O_RDONLY);
1220 if (mount(switch_root, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
1222 log_error("failed to mount moving %s to /", switch_root);
1228 log_error("failed to change root");
1233 rm_rf_children(cfd, false, false);
1244 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1249 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1251 int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1252 usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1253 char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1255 bool reexecute = false;
1256 const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1257 dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1258 static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1259 bool is_reexec = false;
1261 bool loaded_policy = false;
1262 bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1263 char *switch_root = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1265 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1266 if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1267 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1268 * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1271 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1272 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1277 /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1278 * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1279 * have a quick peek here. */
1281 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1282 if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) {
1287 /* If we have switched root, do all the special things */
1288 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1289 if (streq(argv[j], "--switchedroot")) {
1294 /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1295 called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1296 called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1297 systemd right-away. */
1298 program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1299 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1304 log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1305 log_show_location(false);
1306 log_set_max_level(LOG_INFO);
1308 if (getpid() == 1) {
1309 arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
1310 log_set_target(detect_container(NULL) > 0 ? LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL : LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1313 if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1315 if (ima_setup() < 0)
1321 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1325 if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1328 r = hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(&min);
1330 log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1332 log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1336 arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
1337 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1341 /* Initialize default unit */
1342 if (set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET) < 0)
1345 /* By default, mount "cpu" and "cpuacct" together */
1346 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
1347 if (!arg_join_controllers)
1350 arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL);
1351 arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
1353 if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
1356 /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1357 * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1358 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1359 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1364 /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1365 assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1367 /* If we are init, we can block sigkill. Yay. */
1368 ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1370 if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1373 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
1374 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1377 log_parse_environment();
1379 if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1382 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && geteuid() == 0) {
1383 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1387 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM &&
1388 arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1389 running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1390 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1394 if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1397 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1398 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1399 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1401 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1402 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1406 assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1408 /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1411 /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1412 if (serialization) {
1413 r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1415 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1419 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1421 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
1423 /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
1425 #ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
1426 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
1428 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
1430 arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM);
1432 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1433 /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this
1434 * variables set, but the manager later on will not
1435 * pass them on to our children. */
1436 parse_initrd_timestamp(&initrd_timestamp);
1438 /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
1439 * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
1443 /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
1444 * but make little sense to pass on */
1449 /* When we are invoked by a tool chroot-like such as
1450 * nspawn, these might be set, but make little sense
1453 unsetenv("LOGNAME");
1455 /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
1456 * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
1459 /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1460 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
1462 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1463 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1466 /* Disable the umask logic */
1470 /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
1471 dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
1473 /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1474 * are freshly booted */
1475 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN) {
1476 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !is_reexec);
1480 /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1483 /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1486 install_crash_handler();
1488 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1489 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1494 log_full(arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1495 PACKAGE_STRING " running in %s mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")", manager_running_as_to_string(arg_running_as));
1497 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && !is_reexec) {
1500 if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
1513 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1514 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1516 r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
1518 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1522 m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1523 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1524 m->sysv_console = arg_sysv_console;
1526 m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1527 m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1528 m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1529 m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1531 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&initrd_timestamp))
1532 m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1534 if (arg_default_controllers)
1535 manager_set_default_controllers(m, arg_default_controllers);
1537 manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1539 before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1541 r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1543 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1546 /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1547 * not claimed by any unit. */
1553 if (serialization) {
1554 fclose(serialization);
1555 serialization = NULL;
1558 Unit *target = NULL;
1559 Job *default_unit_job;
1561 dbus_error_init(&error);
1563 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1565 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1567 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1568 dbus_error_free(&error);
1569 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
1570 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1571 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1572 log_error("Default target masked.");
1574 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1575 log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1577 r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1579 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1580 dbus_error_free(&error);
1582 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR) {
1583 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1585 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1586 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1591 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1593 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1594 printf("-> By units:\n");
1595 manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1598 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1600 log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1601 dbus_error_free(&error);
1604 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1606 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1607 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1608 "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1609 format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup));
1611 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1612 printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1613 manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1614 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1620 r = manager_loop(m);
1622 log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1626 switch (m->exit_code) {
1629 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1633 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1634 log_info("Reloading.");
1635 r = manager_reload(m);
1637 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1640 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1642 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds) < 0)
1646 log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1649 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1650 /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1651 switch_root = m->switch_root;
1652 switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1653 m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1655 if (!switch_root_init)
1656 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds) < 0)
1660 log_notice("Switching root.");
1663 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1664 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1666 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1667 static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1668 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1669 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1670 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1671 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1674 assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1675 arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1677 log_notice("Shutting down.");
1682 assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1690 free(arg_default_unit);
1691 strv_free(arg_default_controllers);
1692 free_join_controllers();
1699 unsigned i, args_size;
1701 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1702 * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1703 * rebooted while we do that */
1704 watchdog_close(true);
1707 do_switch_root(switch_root);
1709 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1710 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1712 if (!switch_root_init) {
1715 /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1716 * path, and with full serialization. We do
1717 * this only if the user didn't specify an
1718 * explicit init to spawn. */
1720 assert(serialization);
1723 snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1727 args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1729 args[i++] = "--switchedroot";
1730 args[i++] = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1731 args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1735 assert(i <= args_size);
1736 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1739 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1740 * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1741 * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1742 * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1743 * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1745 if (serialization) {
1746 fclose(serialization);
1747 serialization = NULL;
1755 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1756 args[i++] = argv[j];
1758 assert(i <= args_size);
1760 if (switch_root_init) {
1761 args[0] = switch_root_init;
1762 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1763 log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1766 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1767 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1769 log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, trying fallback: %m");
1771 args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1773 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1774 log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1778 fclose(serialization);
1783 if (shutdown_verb) {
1784 const char * command_line[] = {
1785 SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1791 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1794 /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1795 * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1796 * repeatedly ping it */
1797 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1798 watchdog_close(false);
1800 /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
1801 snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1804 env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
1806 env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1807 watchdog_close(true);
1810 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1812 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");