src/core/main.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   Lesser General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <stdio.h>
  23 #include <errno.h>
  24 #include <string.h>
  25 #include <unistd.h>
  26 #include <sys/types.h>
  27 #include <sys/stat.h>
  28 #include <getopt.h>
  29 #include <signal.h>
  30 #include <sys/wait.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  33 #include <sys/mount.h>
  34
  35 #ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
  36 #include <valgrind/valgrind.h>
  37 #endif
  38
  39 #include "sd-daemon.h"
  40 #include "sd-messages.h"
  41 #include "sd-bus.h"
  42 #include "manager.h"
  43 #include "log.h"
  44 #include "load-fragment.h"
  45 #include "fdset.h"
  46 #include "special.h"
  47 #include "conf-parser.h"
  48 #include "missing.h"
  49 #include "label.h"
  50 #include "build.h"
  51 #include "strv.h"
  52 #include "def.h"
  53 #include "virt.h"
  54 #include "watchdog.h"
  55 #include "path-util.h"
  56 #include "switch-root.h"
  57 #include "capability.h"
  58 #include "killall.h"
  59 #include "env-util.h"
  60 #include "hwclock.h"
  61 #include "fileio.h"
  62 #include "dbus-manager.h"
  63 #include "bus-error.h"
  64 #include "bus-util.h"
  65
  66 #include "mount-setup.h"
  67 #include "loopback-setup.h"
  68 #include "hostname-setup.h"
  69 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
  70 #include "selinux-setup.h"
  71 #include "ima-setup.h"
  72 #include "smack-setup.h"
  73 #ifdef HAVE_KMOD
  74 #include "kmod-setup.h"
  75 #endif
  76
  77 static enum {
  78         ACTION_RUN,
  79         ACTION_HELP,
  80         ACTION_VERSION,
  81         ACTION_TEST,
  82         ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
  83         ACTION_DONE
  84 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
  85
  86 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
  87 static SystemdRunningAs arg_running_as = _SYSTEMD_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
  88
  89 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
  90 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
  91 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
  92 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
  93 static ShowStatus arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_UNSET;
  94 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
  95 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
  96 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
  97 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
  98 static usec_t arg_default_restart_usec = DEFAULT_RESTART_USEC;
  99 static usec_t arg_default_timeout_start_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
 100 static usec_t arg_default_timeout_stop_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
 101 static usec_t arg_default_start_limit_interval = DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_INTERVAL;
 102 static unsigned arg_default_start_limit_burst = DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_BURST;
 103 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
 104 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
 105 static char **arg_default_environment = NULL;
 106 static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
 107 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
 108 static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
 109
 110 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
 111
 112 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
 113 }
 114
 115 noreturn static void crash(int sig) {
 116
 117         if (getpid() != 1)
 118                 /* Pass this on immediately, if this is not PID 1 */
 119                 raise(sig);
 120         else if (!arg_dump_core)
 121                 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
 122         else {
 123                 struct sigaction sa = {
 124                         .sa_handler = nop_handler,
 125                         .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART,
 126                 };
 127                 pid_t pid;
 128
 129                 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
 130                 sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
 131
 132                 pid = fork();
 133                 if (pid < 0)
 134                         log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %m", signal_to_string(sig));
 135
 136                 else if (pid == 0) {
 137                         struct rlimit rl = {};
 138
 139                         /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
 140                         zero(sa);
 141                         sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
 142                         sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL);
 143
 144                         /* Don't limit the core dump size */
 145                         rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
 146                         rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
 147                         setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
 148
 149                         /* Just to be sure... */
 150                         chdir("/");
 151
 152                         /* Raise the signal again */
 153                         raise(sig);
 154
 155                         assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
 156                         _exit(1);
 157
 158                 } else {
 159                         siginfo_t status;
 160                         int r;
 161
 162                         /* Order things nicely. */
 163                         r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
 164                         if (r < 0)
 165                                 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
 166                         else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
 167                                 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
 168                         else
 169                                 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid "PID_FMT".", signal_to_string(sig), pid);
 170                 }
 171         }
 172
 173         if (arg_crash_chvt)
 174                 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
 175
 176         if (arg_crash_shell) {
 177                 struct sigaction sa = {
 178                         .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
 179                         .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART,
 180                 };
 181                 pid_t pid;
 182
 183                 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
 184                 sleep(10);
 185
 186                 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
 187                 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
 188
 189                 pid = fork();
 190                 if (pid < 0)
 191                         log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
 192                 else if (pid == 0) {
 193                         make_console_stdio();
 194                         execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
 195
 196                         log_error("execl() failed: %m");
 197                         _exit(1);
 198                 }
 199
 200                 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid "PID_FMT".", pid);
 201         }
 202
 203         log_info("Freezing execution.");
 204         freeze();
 205 }
 206
 207 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
 208         struct sigaction sa = {
 209                 .sa_handler = crash,
 210                 .sa_flags = SA_NODEFER,
 211         };
 212
 213         sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
 214 }
 215
 216 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
 217         int tty_fd, r;
 218
 219         /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
 220          * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
 221
 222         release_terminal();
 223
 224         if (!do_reset)
 225                 return 0;
 226
 227         tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
 228         if (tty_fd < 0) {
 229                 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
 230                 return -tty_fd;
 231         }
 232
 233         /* We don't want to force text mode.
 234          * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
 235         r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
 236         if (r < 0)
 237                 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
 238
 239         close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
 240         return r;
 241 }
 242
 243 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
 244         char *c;
 245
 246         assert(u);
 247
 248         c = strdup(u);
 249         if (!c)
 250                 return -ENOMEM;
 251
 252         free(arg_default_unit);
 253         arg_default_unit = c;
 254
 255         return 0;
 256 }
 257
 258 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
 259
 260         static const char * const rlmap[] = {
 261                 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
 262                 "-b",        SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
 263                 "single",    SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 264                 "-s",        SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 265                 "s",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 266                 "S",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 267                 "1",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 268                 "2",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
 269                 "3",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
 270                 "4",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
 271                 "5",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
 272         };
 273
 274         assert(word);
 275
 276         if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
 277
 278                 if (!in_initrd())
 279                         return set_default_unit(word + 13);
 280
 281         } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
 282
 283                 if (in_initrd())
 284                         return set_default_unit(word + 16);
 285
 286         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
 287
 288                 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
 289                         log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
 290
 291         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
 292
 293                 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
 294                         log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
 295
 296         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
 297
 298                 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
 299                         log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
 300
 301         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
 302
 303                 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
 304                         log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
 305
 306         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
 307                 int r;
 308
 309                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
 310                         log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
 311                 else
 312                         arg_dump_core = r;
 313
 314         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
 315                 int r;
 316
 317                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
 318                         log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
 319                 else
 320                         arg_crash_shell = r;
 321
 322         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
 323                 int r;
 324
 325                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
 326                         log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
 327                 else
 328                         arg_confirm_spawn = r;
 329
 330         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
 331                 int k;
 332
 333                 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
 334                         log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
 335                 else
 336                         arg_crash_chvt = k;
 337
 338         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
 339                 int r;
 340
 341                 r = parse_show_status(word + 20, &arg_show_status);
 342                 if (r < 0)
 343                         log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
 344         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
 345                 int r;
 346
 347                 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
 348                         log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
 349                 else
 350                         arg_default_std_output = r;
 351         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
 352                 int r;
 353
 354                 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
 355                         log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
 356                 else
 357                         arg_default_std_error = r;
 358         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
 359                 _cleanup_free_ char *cenv = NULL;
 360
 361                 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
 362                 if (!cenv)
 363                         return -ENOMEM;
 364
 365                 if (env_assignment_is_valid(cenv)) {
 366                         char **env;
 367
 368                         env = strv_env_set(arg_default_environment, cenv);
 369                         if (env)
 370                                 arg_default_environment = env;
 371                         else
 372                                 log_warning("Setting environment variable '%s' failed, ignoring: %m", cenv);
 373                 } else
 374                         log_warning("Environment variable name '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", cenv);
 375
 376         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
 377                    (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
 378
 379                 const char *c;
 380
 381                 /* Ignore systemd.journald.xyz and friends */
 382                 c = word;
 383                 if (startswith(c, "rd."))
 384                         c += 3;
 385                 if (startswith(c, "systemd."))
 386                         c += 8;
 387                 if (c[strcspn(c, ".=")] != '.')  {
 388
 389                         log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
 390
 391                         log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
 392                                  "systemd.unit=UNIT                        Default unit to start\n"
 393                                  "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT                     Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
 394                                  "systemd.dump_core=0|1                    Dump core on crash\n"
 395                                  "systemd.crash_shell=0|1                  Run shell on crash\n"
 396                                  "systemd.crash_chvt=N                     Change to VT #N on crash\n"
 397                                  "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1                Confirm every process spawn\n"
 398                                  "systemd.show_status=0|1|auto             Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
 399                                  "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
 400                                  "                                         Log target\n"
 401                                  "systemd.log_level=LEVEL                  Log level\n"
 402                                  "systemd.log_color=0|1                    Highlight important log messages\n"
 403                                  "systemd.log_location=0|1                 Include code location in log messages\n"
 404                                  "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
 405                                  "                                         Set default log output for services\n"
 406                                  "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
 407                                  "                                         Set default log error output for services\n"
 408                                  "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT                Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
 409                 }
 410
 411         } else if (streq(word, "quiet")) {
 412                 if (arg_show_status == SHOW_STATUS_UNSET)
 413                         arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_AUTO;
 414         } else if (streq(word, "debug")) {
 415                 /* Log to kmsg, the journal socket will fill up before the
 416                  * journal is started and tools running during that time
 417                  * will block with every log message for for 60 seconds,
 418                  * before they give up. */
 419                 log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
 420                 log_set_target(detect_container(NULL) > 0 ? LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE : LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
 421         } else if (!in_initrd()) {
 422                 unsigned i;
 423
 424                 /* SysV compatibility */
 425                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
 426                         if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
 427                                 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
 428         }
 429
 430         return 0;
 431 }
 432
 433 #define DEFINE_SETTER(name, func, descr)                              \
 434         static int name(const char *unit,                             \
 435                         const char *filename,                         \
 436                         unsigned line,                                \
 437                         const char *section,                          \
 438                         unsigned section_line,                        \
 439                         const char *lvalue,                           \
 440                         int ltype,                                    \
 441                         const char *rvalue,                           \
 442                         void *data,                                   \
 443                         void *userdata) {                             \
 444                                                                       \
 445                 int r;                                                \
 446                                                                       \
 447                 assert(filename);                                     \
 448                 assert(lvalue);                                       \
 449                 assert(rvalue);                                       \
 450                                                                       \
 451                 r = func(rvalue);                                     \
 452                 if (r < 0)                                            \
 453                         log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, -r, \
 454                                    "Invalid " descr "'%s': %s",       \
 455                                    rvalue, strerror(-r));             \
 456                                                                       \
 457                 return 0;                                             \
 458         }
 459
 460 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_level2, log_set_max_level_from_string, "log level")
 461 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_target, log_set_target_from_string, "target")
 462 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_color, log_show_color_from_string, "color" )
 463 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_location, log_show_location_from_string, "location")
 464
 465 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(const char *unit,
 466                                       const char *filename,
 467                                       unsigned line,
 468                                       const char *section,
 469                                       unsigned section_line,
 470                                       const char *lvalue,
 471                                       int ltype,
 472                                       const char *rvalue,
 473                                       void *data,
 474                                       void *userdata) {
 475
 476         char *w;
 477         size_t l;
 478         char *state;
 479         cpu_set_t *c = NULL;
 480         unsigned ncpus = 0;
 481
 482         assert(filename);
 483         assert(lvalue);
 484         assert(rvalue);
 485
 486         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
 487                 char *t;
 488                 int r;
 489                 unsigned cpu;
 490
 491                 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
 492                         return log_oom();
 493
 494                 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
 495                 free(t);
 496
 497                 if (!c)
 498                         if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
 499                                 return log_oom();
 500
 501                 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
 502                         log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, -r,
 503                                    "Failed to parse CPU affinity '%s'", rvalue);
 504                         CPU_FREE(c);
 505                         return -EBADMSG;
 506                 }
 507
 508                 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
 509         }
 510
 511         if (c) {
 512                 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
 513                         log_warning_unit(unit, "Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
 514
 515                 CPU_FREE(c);
 516         }
 517
 518         return 0;
 519 }
 520
 521 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
 522         char ***i;
 523
 524         if (!l)
 525                 return;
 526
 527         for (i = l; *i; i++)
 528                 strv_free(*i);
 529
 530         free(l);
 531 }
 532
 533 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
 534         strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
 535         arg_join_controllers = NULL;
 536 }
 537
 538 static int config_parse_join_controllers(const char *unit,
 539                                          const char *filename,
 540                                          unsigned line,
 541                                          const char *section,
 542                                          unsigned section_line,
 543                                          const char *lvalue,
 544                                          int ltype,
 545                                          const char *rvalue,
 546                                          void *data,
 547                                          void *userdata) {
 548
 549         unsigned n = 0;
 550         char *state, *w;
 551         size_t length;
 552
 553         assert(filename);
 554         assert(lvalue);
 555         assert(rvalue);
 556
 557         free_join_controllers();
 558
 559         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
 560                 char *s, **l;
 561
 562                 s = strndup(w, length);
 563                 if (!s)
 564                         return log_oom();
 565
 566                 l = strv_split(s, ",");
 567                 free(s);
 568
 569                 strv_uniq(l);
 570
 571                 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
 572                         strv_free(l);
 573                         continue;
 574                 }
 575
 576                 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
 577                         arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
 578                         if (!arg_join_controllers) {
 579                                 strv_free(l);
 580                                 return log_oom();
 581                         }
 582
 583                         arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
 584                         arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
 585
 586                         n = 1;
 587                 } else {
 588                         char ***a;
 589                         char ***t;
 590
 591                         t = new0(char**, n+2);
 592                         if (!t) {
 593                                 strv_free(l);
 594                                 return log_oom();
 595                         }
 596
 597                         n = 0;
 598
 599                         for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
 600
 601                                 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
 602                                         if (strv_extend_strv(&l, *a) < 0) {
 603                                                 strv_free(l);
 604                                                 strv_free_free(t);
 605                                                 return log_oom();
 606                                         }
 607
 608                                 } else {
 609                                         char **c;
 610
 611                                         c = strv_copy(*a);
 612                                         if (!c) {
 613                                                 strv_free(l);
 614                                                 strv_free_free(t);
 615                                                 return log_oom();
 616                                         }
 617
 618                                         t[n++] = c;
 619                                 }
 620                         }
 621
 622                         t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
 623
 624                         strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
 625                         arg_join_controllers = t;
 626                 }
 627         }
 628
 629         return 0;
 630 }
 631
 632 static int parse_config_file(void) {
 633
 634         const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
 635                 { "Manager", "LogLevel",              config_parse_level2,       0, NULL                     },
 636                 { "Manager", "LogTarget",             config_parse_target,       0, NULL                     },
 637                 { "Manager", "LogColor",              config_parse_color,        0, NULL                     },
 638                 { "Manager", "LogLocation",           config_parse_location,     0, NULL                     },
 639                 { "Manager", "DumpCore",              config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_dump_core           },
 640                 { "Manager", "CrashShell",            config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_crash_shell         },
 641                 { "Manager", "ShowStatus",            config_parse_show_status,  0, &arg_show_status         },
 642                 { "Manager", "CrashChVT",             config_parse_int,          0, &arg_crash_chvt          },
 643                 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity",           config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL                    },
 644                 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_output  },
 645                 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError",  config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_error   },
 646                 { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStartSec", config_parse_sec,         0, &arg_default_timeout_start_usec },
 647                 { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStopSec", config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_default_timeout_stop_usec  },
 648                 { "Manager", "DefaultRestartSec",     config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_default_restart_usec  },
 649                 { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitInterval", config_parse_sec,      0, &arg_default_start_limit_interval },
 650                 { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitBurst", config_parse_unsigned,    0, &arg_default_start_limit_burst },
 651                 { "Manager", "JoinControllers",       config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
 652                 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec",    config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_runtime_watchdog    },
 653                 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec",   config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog   },
 654                 { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
 655                 { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec",        config_parse_nsec,         0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec    },
 656                 { "Manager", "DefaultEnvironment",    config_parse_environ,      0, &arg_default_environment },
 657                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU",       config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
 658                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
 659                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
 660                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
 661                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
 662                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS",       config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
 663                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
 664                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS",        config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
 665                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
 666                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK",   config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
 667                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
 668                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
 669                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE",  config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
 670                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
 671                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
 672                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
 673                 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
 674         };
 675
 676         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f;
 677         const char *fn;
 678         int r;
 679
 680         fn = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? PKGSYSCONFDIR "/system.conf" : PKGSYSCONFDIR "/user.conf";
 681         f = fopen(fn, "re");
 682         if (!f) {
 683                 if (errno == ENOENT)
 684                         return 0;
 685
 686                 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
 687                 return 0;
 688         }
 689
 690         r = config_parse(NULL, fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, false, NULL);
 691         if (r < 0)
 692                 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
 693
 694         return 0;
 695 }
 696
 697 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
 698         _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
 699         char *w, *state;
 700         size_t l;
 701         int r;
 702
 703         r = proc_cmdline(&line);
 704         if (r < 0)
 705                 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
 706         if (r <= 0)
 707                 return 0;
 708
 709         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
 710                 _cleanup_free_ char *word;
 711
 712                 word = strndup(w, l);
 713                 if (!word)
 714                         return log_oom();
 715
 716                 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
 717                 if (r < 0) {
 718                         log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
 719                         return r;
 720                 }
 721         }
 722
 723         return 0;
 724 }
 725
 726 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 727
 728         enum {
 729                 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
 730                 ARG_LOG_TARGET,
 731                 ARG_LOG_COLOR,
 732                 ARG_LOG_LOCATION,
 733                 ARG_UNIT,
 734                 ARG_SYSTEM,
 735                 ARG_USER,
 736                 ARG_TEST,
 737                 ARG_VERSION,
 738                 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
 739                 ARG_DUMP_CORE,
 740                 ARG_CRASH_SHELL,
 741                 ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN,
 742                 ARG_SHOW_STATUS,
 743                 ARG_DESERIALIZE,
 744                 ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT,
 745                 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
 746                 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
 747         };
 748
 749         static const struct option options[] = {
 750                 { "log-level",                required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL                },
 751                 { "log-target",               required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET               },
 752                 { "log-color",                optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR                },
 753                 { "log-location",             optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION             },
 754                 { "unit",                     required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT                     },
 755                 { "system",                   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM                   },
 756                 { "user",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER                     },
 757                 { "test",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_TEST                     },
 758                 { "help",                     no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                          },
 759                 { "version",                  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION                  },
 760                 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
 761                 { "dump-core",                optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE                },
 762                 { "crash-shell",              optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL              },
 763                 { "confirm-spawn",            optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN            },
 764                 { "show-status",              optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS              },
 765                 { "deserialize",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE              },
 766                 { "switched-root",            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT            },
 767                 { "default-standard-output",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,      },
 768                 { "default-standard-error",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR,       },
 769                 { NULL,                       0,                 NULL, 0                            }
 770         };
 771
 772         int c, r;
 773
 774         assert(argc >= 1);
 775         assert(argv);
 776
 777         if (getpid() == 1)
 778                 opterr = 0;
 779
 780         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
 781
 782                 switch (c) {
 783
 784                 case ARG_LOG_LEVEL:
 785                         if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 786                                 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
 787                                 return r;
 788                         }
 789
 790                         break;
 791
 792                 case ARG_LOG_TARGET:
 793
 794                         if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 795                                 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
 796                                 return r;
 797                         }
 798
 799                         break;
 800
 801                 case ARG_LOG_COLOR:
 802
 803                         if (optarg) {
 804                                 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 805                                         log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
 806                                         return r;
 807                                 }
 808                         } else
 809                                 log_show_color(true);
 810
 811                         break;
 812
 813                 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
 814
 815                         if (optarg) {
 816                                 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 817                                         log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
 818                                         return r;
 819                                 }
 820                         } else
 821                                 log_show_location(true);
 822
 823                         break;
 824
 825                 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
 826
 827                         if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 828                                 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
 829                                 return r;
 830                         } else
 831                                 arg_default_std_output = r;
 832                         break;
 833
 834                 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
 835
 836                         if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 837                                 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
 838                                 return r;
 839                         } else
 840                                 arg_default_std_error = r;
 841                         break;
 842
 843                 case ARG_UNIT:
 844
 845                         if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
 846                                 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
 847                                 return r;
 848                         }
 849
 850                         break;
 851
 852                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
 853                         arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
 854                         break;
 855
 856                 case ARG_USER:
 857                         arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
 858                         break;
 859
 860                 case ARG_TEST:
 861                         arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
 862                         break;
 863
 864                 case ARG_VERSION:
 865                         arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
 866                         break;
 867
 868                 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
 869                         arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
 870                         break;
 871
 872                 case ARG_DUMP_CORE:
 873                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 874                         if (r < 0) {
 875                                 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
 876                                 return r;
 877                         }
 878                         arg_dump_core = r;
 879                         break;
 880
 881                 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
 882                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 883                         if (r < 0) {
 884                                 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
 885                                 return r;
 886                         }
 887                         arg_crash_shell = r;
 888                         break;
 889
 890                 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
 891                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 892                         if (r < 0) {
 893                                 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
 894                                 return r;
 895                         }
 896                         arg_confirm_spawn = r;
 897                         break;
 898
 899                 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
 900                         if (optarg) {
 901                                 r = parse_show_status(optarg, &arg_show_status);
 902                                 if (r < 0) {
 903                                         log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
 904                                         return r;
 905                                 }
 906                         } else
 907                                 arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES;
 908                         break;
 909
 910                 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
 911                         int fd;
 912                         FILE *f;
 913
 914                         r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd);
 915                         if (r < 0 || fd < 0) {
 916                                 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
 917                                 return r < 0 ? r : -EINVAL;
 918                         }
 919
 920                         fd_cloexec(fd, true);
 921
 922                         f = fdopen(fd, "r");
 923                         if (!f) {
 924                                 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
 925                                 return -errno;
 926                         }
 927
 928                         if (serialization)
 929                                 fclose(serialization);
 930
 931                         serialization = f;
 932
 933                         break;
 934                 }
 935
 936                 case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
 937                         arg_switched_root = true;
 938                         break;
 939
 940                 case 'h':
 941                         arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
 942                         break;
 943
 944                 case 'D':
 945                         log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
 946                         break;
 947
 948                 case 'b':
 949                 case 's':
 950                 case 'z':
 951                         /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
 952                          * cmdline args without getopt() error
 953                          * messages that we'll parse in
 954                          * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
 955
 956                 case '?':
 957                 default:
 958                         if (getpid() != 1) {
 959                                 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
 960                                 return -EINVAL;
 961                         }
 962
 963                         break;
 964                 }
 965
 966         if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
 967                 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
 968                  * let's complain about excess arguments */
 969
 970                 log_error("Excess arguments.");
 971                 return -EINVAL;
 972         }
 973
 974         if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
 975                 char **a;
 976
 977                 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
 978                  * understand it passed to us. We're not really
 979                  * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
 980                  * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
 981                  * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
 982                  * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
 983                  * instead. */
 984
 985                 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++) {
 986                         r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a);
 987                         if (r < 0) {
 988                                 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
 989                                 return r;
 990                         }
 991                 }
 992         }
 993
 994         return 0;
 995 }
 996
 997 static int help(void) {
 998
 999         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1000                "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1001                "  -h --help                      Show this help\n"
1002                "     --test                      Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1003                "     --dump-configuration-items  Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1004                "     --unit=UNIT                 Set default unit\n"
1005                "     --system                    Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1006                "     --user                      Run a user instance\n"
1007                "     --dump-core[=0|1]           Dump core on crash\n"
1008                "     --crash-shell[=0|1]         Run shell on crash\n"
1009                "     --confirm-spawn[=0|1]       Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1010                "     --show-status[=0|1]         Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1011                "     --log-target=TARGET         Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1012                "     --log-level=LEVEL           Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1013                "     --log-color[=0|1]           Highlight important log messages\n"
1014                "     --log-location[=0|1]        Include code location in log messages\n"
1015                "     --default-standard-output=  Set default standard output for services\n"
1016                "     --default-standard-error=   Set default standard error output for services\n",
1017                program_invocation_short_name);
1018
1019         return 0;
1020 }
1021
1022 static int version(void) {
1023         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
1024         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
1025
1026         return 0;
1027 }
1028
1029 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool switching_root) {
1030         FILE *f = NULL;
1031         FDSet *fds = NULL;
1032         int r;
1033
1034         assert(m);
1035         assert(_f);
1036         assert(_fds);
1037
1038         r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
1039         if (r < 0) {
1040                 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1041                 goto fail;
1042         }
1043
1044         /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1045         m->n_reloading ++;
1046         bus_manager_send_reloading(m, true);
1047
1048         fds = fdset_new();
1049         if (!fds) {
1050                 r = -ENOMEM;
1051                 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1052                 goto fail;
1053         }
1054
1055         r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, switching_root);
1056         if (r < 0) {
1057                 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1058                 goto fail;
1059         }
1060
1061         if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1062                 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1063                 goto fail;
1064         }
1065
1066         r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
1067         if (r < 0) {
1068                 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1069                 goto fail;
1070         }
1071
1072         r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
1073         if (r < 0) {
1074                 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1075                 goto fail;
1076         }
1077
1078         *_f = f;
1079         *_fds = fds;
1080
1081         return 0;
1082
1083 fail:
1084         fdset_free(fds);
1085
1086         if (f)
1087                 fclose(f);
1088
1089         return r;
1090 }
1091
1092 static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
1093         struct rlimit nl;
1094         int r;
1095
1096         assert(saved_rlimit);
1097
1098         /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it
1099          * later when transitioning from the initrd to the main
1100          * systemd or suchlike. */
1101         if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0) {
1102                 log_error("Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m");
1103                 return -errno;
1104         }
1105
1106         /* Make sure forked processes get the default kernel setting */
1107         if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) {
1108                 struct rlimit *rl;
1109
1110                 rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1);
1111                 if (!rl)
1112                         return log_oom();
1113
1114                 arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl;
1115         }
1116
1117         /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially */
1118         nl.rlim_cur = nl.rlim_max = 64*1024;
1119         r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nl);
1120         if (r < 0) {
1121                 log_error("Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %s", strerror(-r));
1122                 return r;
1123         }
1124
1125         return 0;
1126 }
1127
1128 static void test_mtab(void) {
1129         char *p;
1130
1131         /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1132
1133         if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1134                 bool b;
1135
1136                 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1137                 free(p);
1138
1139                 if (b)
1140                         return;
1141         }
1142
1143         log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1144                     "This is not supported anymore. "
1145                     "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1146 }
1147
1148 static void test_usr(void) {
1149
1150         /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1151
1152         if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1153                 return;
1154
1155         log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1156                     "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1157                     "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1158 }
1159
1160 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1161
1162         if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1163                 return;
1164
1165         log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1166                     "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1167                     "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1168                     "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1169                     "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1170                     "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1171
1172         sleep(10);
1173 }
1174
1175 static int initialize_join_controllers(void) {
1176         /* By default, mount "cpu" + "cpuacct" together, and "net_cls"
1177          * + "net_prio". We'd like to add "cpuset" to the mix, but
1178          * "cpuset" does't really work for groups with no initialized
1179          * attributes. */
1180
1181         arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3);
1182         if (!arg_join_controllers)
1183                 return -ENOMEM;
1184
1185         arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL);
1186         arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL);
1187         arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL;
1188
1189         if (!arg_join_controllers[0] || !arg_join_controllers[1]) {
1190                 free_join_controllers();
1191                 return -ENOMEM;
1192         }
1193
1194         return 0;
1195 }
1196
1197 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1198         Manager *m = NULL;
1199         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1200         usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1201         char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1202         FDSet *fds = NULL;
1203         bool reexecute = false;
1204         const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1205         dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1206         dual_timestamp userspace_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1207         dual_timestamp kernel_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1208         dual_timestamp security_start_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1209         dual_timestamp security_finish_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1210         static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1211         bool skip_setup = false;
1212         int j;
1213         bool loaded_policy = false;
1214         bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1215         bool queue_default_job = false;
1216         char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1217         static struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = { 0, 0 };
1218
1219 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1220         if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1221                 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1222                  * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1223
1224                 errno = -ENOENT;
1225                 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1226                 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1227                 return 1;
1228         }
1229 #endif
1230
1231         dual_timestamp_from_monotonic(&kernel_timestamp, 0);
1232         dual_timestamp_get(&userspace_timestamp);
1233
1234         /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1235          * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1236          * have a quick peek here. */
1237         if (strv_find(argv+1, "--deserialize"))
1238                 skip_setup = true;
1239
1240         /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
1241          * things */
1242         if (strv_find(argv+1, "--switched-root"))
1243                 skip_setup = false;
1244
1245         /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1246            called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1247            called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1248            systemd right-away. */
1249         program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1250         prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1251
1252         saved_argv = argv;
1253         saved_argc = argc;
1254
1255         log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1256
1257         /* Disable the umask logic */
1258         if (getpid() == 1)
1259                 umask(0);
1260
1261         if (getpid() == 1 && detect_container(NULL) <= 0) {
1262
1263                 /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */
1264                 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1265                 make_null_stdio();
1266                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
1267                 log_open();
1268
1269                 if (in_initrd())
1270                         initrd_timestamp = userspace_timestamp;
1271
1272                 if (!skip_setup) {
1273                         mount_setup_early();
1274                         dual_timestamp_get(&security_start_timestamp);
1275                         if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1276                                 goto finish;
1277                         if (ima_setup() < 0)
1278                                 goto finish;
1279                         if (smack_setup() < 0)
1280                                 goto finish;
1281                         dual_timestamp_get(&security_finish_timestamp);
1282                 }
1283
1284                 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1285                         goto finish;
1286
1287                 if (!skip_setup) {
1288                         if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1289                                 int min;
1290
1291                                 /* The first-time call to settimeofday() does a time warp in the kernel */
1292                                 r = hwclock_set_timezone(&min);
1293                                 if (r < 0)
1294                                         log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1295                                 else
1296                                         log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1297                         } else if (!in_initrd()) {
1298                                 /*
1299                                  * Do dummy first-time call to seal the kernel's time warp magic
1300                                  *
1301                                  * Do not call this this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not
1302                                  * carry /etc/adjtime with LOCAL, but the real system could be set up
1303                                  * that way. In such case, we need to delay the time-warp or the sealing
1304                                  * until we reach the real system.
1305                                  */
1306                                 hwclock_reset_timezone();
1307
1308                                 /* Tell the kernel our timezone */
1309                                 r = hwclock_set_timezone(NULL);
1310                                 if (r < 0)
1311                                         log_error("Failed to set the kernel's timezone, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1312                         }
1313                 }
1314
1315                 /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually
1316                  * open the logs like this for now. Note that if we
1317                  * are transitioning from the initrd there might still
1318                  * be journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt
1319                  * opening that before we parsed /proc/cmdline which
1320                  * might redirect output elsewhere. */
1321                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1322
1323         } else if (getpid() == 1) {
1324                 /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */
1325                 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1326                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
1327                 log_close_console(); /* force reopen of /dev/console */
1328                 log_open();
1329
1330                 /* For the later on, see above... */
1331                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL);
1332
1333                 /* clear the kernel timestamp,
1334                  * because we are in a container */
1335                 kernel_timestamp.monotonic = 0ULL;
1336                 kernel_timestamp.realtime = 0ULL;
1337
1338         } else {
1339                 /* Running as user instance */
1340                 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
1341                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1342                 log_open();
1343
1344                 /* clear the kernel timestamp,
1345                  * because we are not PID 1 */
1346                 kernel_timestamp.monotonic = 0ULL;
1347                 kernel_timestamp.realtime = 0ULL;
1348         }
1349
1350         /* Initialize default unit */
1351         r = set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1352         if (r < 0) {
1353                 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, strerror(-r));
1354                 goto finish;
1355         }
1356
1357         r = initialize_join_controllers();
1358         if (r < 0)
1359                 goto finish;
1360
1361         /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1362          * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1363         if (getpid() == 1) {
1364                 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1365                 if (r < 0)
1366                         goto finish;
1367         }
1368
1369         /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1370         assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1371
1372         ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1373
1374         if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1375                 goto finish;
1376
1377         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1378                 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1379                         goto finish;
1380
1381         log_parse_environment();
1382
1383         if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1384                 goto finish;
1385
1386         if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST &&
1387             geteuid() == 0) {
1388                 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1389                 goto finish;
1390         }
1391
1392         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER &&
1393             arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1394             sd_booted() <= 0) {
1395                 log_error("Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd.");
1396                 goto finish;
1397         }
1398
1399         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM &&
1400             arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1401             running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1402                 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1403                 goto finish;
1404         }
1405
1406         if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1407                 retval = help();
1408                 goto finish;
1409         } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
1410                 retval = version();
1411                 goto finish;
1412         } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1413                 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1414                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1415                 goto finish;
1416         } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1417                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1418                 goto finish;
1419         }
1420
1421         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER &&
1422             !getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR")) {
1423                 log_error("Trying to run as user instance, but $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set.");
1424                 goto finish;
1425         }
1426
1427         assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1428
1429         /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1430         log_close();
1431
1432         /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1433         r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1434         if (r < 0) {
1435                 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1436                 goto finish;
1437         } else
1438                 fdset_cloexec(fds, true);
1439
1440         if (serialization)
1441                 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1442
1443         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1444                 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1445                 setsid();
1446
1447         /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1448         assert_se(chdir("/")  == 0);
1449
1450         /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1451          * are freshly booted */
1452         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN)
1453                 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
1454
1455         /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1456         log_open();
1457
1458         /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1459          * kernel. */
1460         if (getpid() == 1) {
1461                 install_crash_handler();
1462
1463                 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1464                 if (r < 0)
1465                         goto finish;
1466         }
1467
1468         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1469                 const char *virtualization = NULL;
1470
1471                 log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")");
1472
1473                 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
1474                 if (virtualization)
1475                         log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
1476
1477                 if (in_initrd())
1478                         log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
1479
1480         } else {
1481                 _cleanup_free_ char *t = uid_to_name(getuid());
1482                 log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode for user "PID_FMT"/%s. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")",
1483                           getuid(), t);
1484         }
1485
1486         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
1487                 if (arg_show_status > 0 || plymouth_running())
1488                         status_welcome();
1489
1490 #ifdef HAVE_KMOD
1491                 if (detect_container(NULL) <= 0)
1492                         kmod_setup();
1493 #endif
1494                 hostname_setup();
1495                 machine_id_setup();
1496                 loopback_setup();
1497
1498                 test_mtab();
1499                 test_usr();
1500                 test_cgroups();
1501         }
1502
1503         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1504                 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1505
1506         if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
1507                 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
1508                         log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
1509
1510         if (arg_capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1511                 r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop);
1512                 if (r < 0) {
1513                         log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %s", strerror(-r));
1514                         goto finish;
1515                 }
1516                 r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop, true);
1517                 if (r < 0) {
1518                         log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %s", strerror(-r));
1519                         goto finish;
1520                 }
1521         }
1522
1523         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) {
1524                 /* Become reaper of our children */
1525                 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
1526                         log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
1527                         if (errno == EINVAL)
1528                                 log_info("Perhaps the kernel version is too old (< 3.4?)");
1529                 }
1530         }
1531
1532         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1533                 bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile);
1534
1535         r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
1536         if (r < 0) {
1537                 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1538                 goto finish;
1539         }
1540
1541         m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1542         m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1543         m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1544         m->default_restart_usec = arg_default_restart_usec;
1545         m->default_timeout_start_usec = arg_default_timeout_start_usec;
1546         m->default_timeout_stop_usec = arg_default_timeout_stop_usec;
1547         m->default_start_limit_interval = arg_default_start_limit_interval;
1548         m->default_start_limit_burst = arg_default_start_limit_burst;
1549         m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1550         m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1551         m->userspace_timestamp = userspace_timestamp;
1552         m->kernel_timestamp = kernel_timestamp;
1553         m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1554         m->security_start_timestamp = security_start_timestamp;
1555         m->security_finish_timestamp = security_finish_timestamp;
1556
1557         manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
1558
1559         if (arg_default_environment)
1560                 manager_environment_add(m, NULL, arg_default_environment);
1561
1562         if (arg_show_status == SHOW_STATUS_UNSET)
1563                 arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES;
1564         manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1565
1566         /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
1567         queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
1568
1569         before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1570
1571         r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1572         if (r < 0)
1573                 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1574
1575         /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1576          * not claimed by any unit. */
1577         fdset_free(fds);
1578         fds = NULL;
1579
1580         if (serialization) {
1581                 fclose(serialization);
1582                 serialization = NULL;
1583         }
1584
1585         if (queue_default_job) {
1586                 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1587                 Unit *target = NULL;
1588                 Job *default_unit_job;
1589
1590                 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1591
1592                 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1593                 if (r < 0)
1594                         log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1595                 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR || target->load_state == UNIT_NOT_FOUND)
1596                         log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1597                 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1598                         log_error("Default target masked.");
1599
1600                 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1601                         log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1602
1603                         r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1604                         if (r < 0) {
1605                                 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1606                                 goto finish;
1607                         } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR || target->load_state == UNIT_NOT_FOUND) {
1608                                 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1609                                 goto finish;
1610                         } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1611                                 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1612                                 goto finish;
1613                         }
1614                 }
1615
1616                 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1617
1618                 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1619                         printf("-> By units:\n");
1620                         manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1621                 }
1622
1623                 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_ISOLATE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1624                 if (r == -EPERM) {
1625                         log_debug("Default target could not be isolated, starting instead: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1626
1627                         r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1628                         if (r < 0) {
1629                                 log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1630                                 goto finish;
1631                         }
1632                 } else if (r < 0) {
1633                         log_error("Failed to isolate default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1634                         goto finish;
1635                 }
1636
1637                 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1638
1639                 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1640                 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1641                          "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1642                          format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup, 0));
1643
1644                 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1645                         printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1646                         manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1647                         retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1648                         goto finish;
1649                 }
1650         }
1651
1652         for (;;) {
1653                 r = manager_loop(m);
1654                 if (r < 0) {
1655                         log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1656                         goto finish;
1657                 }
1658
1659                 switch (m->exit_code) {
1660
1661                 case MANAGER_EXIT:
1662                         retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1663                         log_debug("Exit.");
1664                         goto finish;
1665
1666                 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1667                         log_info("Reloading.");
1668                         r = manager_reload(m);
1669                         if (r < 0)
1670                                 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1671                         break;
1672
1673                 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1674
1675                         if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
1676                                 goto finish;
1677
1678                         reexecute = true;
1679                         log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1680                         goto finish;
1681
1682                 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1683                         /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1684                         switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
1685                         switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1686                         m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1687
1688                         if (!switch_root_init)
1689                                 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
1690                                         goto finish;
1691
1692                         reexecute = true;
1693                         log_notice("Switching root.");
1694                         goto finish;
1695
1696                 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1697                 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1698                 case MANAGER_HALT:
1699                 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1700                         static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1701                                 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1702                                 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1703                                 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1704                                 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1705                         };
1706
1707                         assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1708                         arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1709
1710                         log_notice("Shutting down.");
1711                         goto finish;
1712                 }
1713
1714                 default:
1715                         assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1716                 }
1717         }
1718
1719 finish:
1720         if (m)
1721                 manager_free(m);
1722
1723         for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
1724                 free(arg_default_rlimit[j]);
1725
1726         free(arg_default_unit);
1727         free_join_controllers();
1728
1729         label_finish();
1730
1731         if (reexecute) {
1732                 const char **args;
1733                 unsigned i, args_size;
1734
1735                 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1736                  * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1737                  * rebooted while we do that */
1738                 watchdog_close(true);
1739
1740                 /* Reset the RLIMIT_NOFILE to the kernel default, so
1741                  * that the new systemd can pass the kernel default to
1742                  * its child processes */
1743                 if (saved_rlimit_nofile.rlim_cur > 0)
1744                         setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &saved_rlimit_nofile);
1745
1746                 if (switch_root_dir) {
1747                         /* Kill all remaining processes from the
1748                          * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
1749                          * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
1750                          * deserializing. */
1751                         broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false, true);
1752
1753                         /* And switch root */
1754                         r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
1755                         if (r < 0)
1756                                 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1757                 }
1758
1759                 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1760                 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1761
1762                 if (!switch_root_init) {
1763                         char sfd[16];
1764
1765                         /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1766                          * path, and with full serialization. We do
1767                          * this only if the user didn't specify an
1768                          * explicit init to spawn. */
1769
1770                         assert(serialization);
1771                         assert(fds);
1772
1773                         snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1774                         char_array_0(sfd);
1775
1776                         i = 0;
1777                         args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1778                         if (switch_root_dir)
1779                                 args[i++] = "--switched-root";
1780                         args[i++] = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1781                         args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1782                         args[i++] = sfd;
1783                         args[i++] = NULL;
1784
1785                         /* do not pass along the environment we inherit from the kernel or initrd */
1786                         if (switch_root_dir)
1787                                 clearenv();
1788
1789                         assert(i <= args_size);
1790                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1791                 }
1792
1793                 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1794                  * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1795                  * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1796                  * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1797                  * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1798
1799                 if (serialization) {
1800                         fclose(serialization);
1801                         serialization = NULL;
1802                 }
1803
1804                 if (fds) {
1805                         fdset_free(fds);
1806                         fds = NULL;
1807                 }
1808
1809                 /* Reopen the console */
1810                 make_console_stdio();
1811
1812                 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1813                         args[i++] = argv[j];
1814                 args[i++] = NULL;
1815                 assert(i <= args_size);
1816
1817                 if (switch_root_init) {
1818                         args[0] = switch_root_init;
1819                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1820                         log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1821                 }
1822
1823                 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1824                 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1825
1826                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1827                         log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
1828
1829                         args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1830                         args[1] = NULL;
1831                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1832                         log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1833                 } else
1834                         log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
1835         }
1836
1837         if (serialization)
1838                 fclose(serialization);
1839
1840         if (fds)
1841                 fdset_free(fds);
1842
1843 #ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
1844         /* If we are PID 1 and running under valgrind, then let's exit
1845          * here explicitly. valgrind will only generate nice output on
1846          * exit(), not on exec(), hence let's do the former not the
1847          * latter here. */
1848         if (getpid() == 1 && RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND)
1849                 return 0;
1850 #endif
1851
1852         if (shutdown_verb) {
1853                 const char * command_line[] = {
1854                         SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1855                         shutdown_verb,
1856                         NULL
1857                 };
1858                 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **env_block = NULL;
1859                 env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1860
1861                 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1862                         char *e;
1863
1864                         /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1865                          * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1866                          * repeatedly ping it */
1867                         watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1868                         watchdog_close(false);
1869
1870                         /* Tell the binary how often to ping, ignore failure */
1871                         if (asprintf(&e, "WATCHDOG_USEC="USEC_FMT, arg_shutdown_watchdog) > 0)
1872                                 strv_push(&env_block, e);
1873                 } else
1874                         watchdog_close(true);
1875
1876                 /* Avoid the creation of new processes forked by the
1877                  * kernel; at this point, we will not listen to the
1878                  * signals anyway */
1879                 if (detect_container(NULL) <= 0)
1880                         cg_uninstall_release_agent(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
1881
1882                 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1883                 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");
1884         }
1885
1886         if (getpid() == 1)
1887                 freeze();
1888
1889         return retval;
1890 }