man/tmpfiles.d.xml

   1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
   2 <!--*-nxml-*-->
   3 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
   4 <!--
   5   This file is part of systemd.
   6
   7   Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips
   8
   9   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  10   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  11   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  12   (at your option) any later version.
  13
  14   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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  16   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  17   Lesser General Public License for more details.
  18
  19   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  20   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  21 -->
  22 <refentry id="tmpfiles.d">
  23
  24         <refentryinfo>
  25                 <title>tmpfiles.d</title>
  26                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  27
  28                 <authorgroup>
  29                         <author>
  30                                 <contrib>Documentation</contrib>
  31                                 <firstname>Brandon</firstname>
  32                                 <surname>Philips</surname>
  33                                 <email>brandon@ifup.org</email>
  34                         </author>
  35                 </authorgroup>
  36         </refentryinfo>
  37
  38         <refmeta>
  39                 <refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
  40                 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  41         </refmeta>
  42
  43         <refnamediv>
  44                 <refname>tmpfiles.d</refname>
  45                 <refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and
  46                 cleaning of volatile and temporary files</refpurpose>
  47         </refnamediv>
  48
  49         <refsynopsisdiv>
  50                 <para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
  51                 <para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
  52                 <para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
  53         </refsynopsisdiv>
  54
  55         <refsect1>
  56                 <title>Description</title>
  57
  58                 <para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the
  59                 configuration files from the above directories to describe the
  60                 creation, cleaning and removal of volatile and
  61                 temporary files and directories which usually reside
  62                 in directories such as <filename>/run</filename>
  63                 or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
  64
  65                 <para>Volatile and temporary files and directories are
  66                 those located in <filename>/run</filename> (and its
  67                 alias <filename>/var/run</filename>),
  68                 <filename>/tmp</filename>,
  69                 <filename>/var/tmp</filename>, the API file systems
  70                 such as <filename>/sys</filename> or
  71                 <filename>/proc</filename>, as well as some other
  72                 directories below <filename>/var</filename>.</para>
  73
  74                 <para>System daemons frequently require private
  75                 runtime directories below <filename>/run</filename> to
  76                 place communication sockets and similar in. For these,
  77                 consider declaring them in their unit files using
  78                 <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname>
  79                 (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details),
  80                 if this is feasible.</para>
  81         </refsect1>
  82
  83         <refsect1>
  84                 <title>Configuration Format</title>
  85
  86                 <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
  87                 style of
  88                 <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename>
  89                 or
  90                 <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
  91                 The second variant should be used when it is desirable
  92                 to make it easy to override just this part of
  93                 configuration.</para>
  94
  95                 <para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename>
  96                 override files with the same name in
  97                 <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and
  98                 <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
  99                 <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files
 100                 with the same name in
 101                 <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages
 102                 should install their configuration files in
 103                 <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
 104                 <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for
 105                 the local administrator, who may use this logic to
 106                 override the configuration files installed by vendor
 107                 packages. All configuration files are sorted by their
 108                 filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which
 109                 of the directories they reside in. If multiple files
 110                 specify the same path, the entry in the file with the
 111                 lexicographically earliest name will be applied, all
 112                 all other conflicting entries will be logged as
 113                 errors. When two lines are prefix and suffix of each
 114                 other, then the prefix is always processed first, the
 115                 suffix later. Otherwise the files/directories are
 116                 processed in the order they are listed.</para>
 117
 118                 <para>If the administrator wants to disable a
 119                 configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
 120                 recommended way is to place a symlink to
 121                 <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
 122                 <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the
 123                 same filename.</para>
 124
 125                 <para>The configuration format is one line per path
 126                 containing type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument
 127                 fields:</para>
 128
 129                 <programlisting>#Type Path        Mode UID  GID  Age Argument
 130 d    /run/user   0755 root root 10d -
 131 L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
 132
 133                 <refsect2>
 134                         <title>Type</title>
 135
 136                         <para>The type consists of a single letter and
 137                         optionally an exclamation mark.</para>
 138
 139                         <para>The following line types are understood:</para>
 140
 141                         <variablelist>
 142                                 <varlistentry>
 143                                         <term><varname>f</varname></term>
 144                                         <listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>
 145                                 </varlistentry>
 146
 147                                 <varlistentry>
 148                                         <term><varname>F</varname></term>
 149                                         <listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>
 150                                 </varlistentry>
 151
 152                                 <varlistentry>
 153                                         <term><varname>w</varname></term>
 154                                         <listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists.
 155                                             Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
 156                                             names. The argument parameter will be written without a trailing
 157                                             newline. C-style backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem>
 158                                 </varlistentry>
 159
 160                                 <varlistentry>
 161                                         <term><varname>d</varname></term>
 162                                         <listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
 163                                 </varlistentry>
 164
 165                                 <varlistentry>
 166                                         <term><varname>D</varname></term>
 167                                         <listitem><para>Create or empty a directory.</para></listitem>
 168                                 </varlistentry>
 169
 170                                 <varlistentry>
 171                                         <term><varname>p</varname></term>
 172                                         <term><varname>p+</varname></term>
 173                                         <listitem><para>Create a named
 174                                         pipe (FIFO) if it does not
 175                                         exist yet. If suffixed with
 176                                         <varname>+</varname> and a
 177                                         file already exists where the
 178                                         pipe is to be created it will
 179                                         be removed and be replaced by
 180                                         the pipe.</para></listitem>
 181                                 </varlistentry>
 182
 183                                 <varlistentry>
 184                                         <term><varname>L</varname></term>
 185                                         <term><varname>L+</varname></term>
 186                                         <listitem><para>Create a
 187                                         symlink if it does not exist
 188                                         yet. If suffixed with
 189                                         <varname>+</varname> and a
 190                                         file already exists where the
 191                                         symlink is to be created it
 192                                         will be removed and be
 193                                         replaced by the
 194                                         symlink.</para></listitem>
 195                                 </varlistentry>
 196
 197                                 <varlistentry>
 198                                         <term><varname>c</varname></term>
 199                                         <term><varname>c+</varname></term>
 200                                         <listitem><para>Create a
 201                                         character device node if it
 202                                         does not exist yet. If
 203                                         suffixed with
 204                                         <varname>+</varname> and a
 205                                         file already exists where the
 206                                         device node is to be created
 207                                         it will be removed and be
 208                                         replaced by the device
 209                                         node.</para></listitem>
 210                                 </varlistentry>
 211
 212                                 <varlistentry>
 213                                         <term><varname>b</varname></term>
 214                                         <term><varname>b+</varname></term>
 215                                         <listitem><para>Create a block
 216                                         device node if it does not
 217                                         exist yet. If suffixed with
 218                                         <varname>+</varname> and a
 219                                         file already exists where the
 220                                         device node is to be created
 221                                         it will be removed and be
 222                                         replaced by the device
 223                                         node.</para></listitem>
 224                                 </varlistentry>
 225
 226                                 <varlistentry>
 227                                         <term><varname>C</varname></term>
 228                                         <listitem><para>Recursively copy a file or directory, if the destination files or directories don't exist yet.</para></listitem>
 229                                 </varlistentry>
 230
 231                                 <varlistentry>
 232                                         <term><varname>x</varname></term>
 233                                         <listitem><para>Ignore a path
 234                                         during cleaning. Use this type
 235                                         to exclude paths from clean-up
 236                                         as controlled with the Age
 237                                         parameter. Note that lines of
 238                                         this type do not influence the
 239                                         effect of <varname>r</varname>
 240                                         or <varname>R</varname> lines.
 241                                         Lines of this type accept
 242                                         shell-style globs in place of
 243                                         normal path names.
 244                                         </para></listitem>
 245                                 </varlistentry>
 246
 247                                 <varlistentry>
 248                                         <term><varname>X</varname></term>
 249                                         <listitem><para>Ignore a path
 250                                         during cleaning. Use this type
 251                                         to exclude paths from clean-up
 252                                         as controlled with the Age
 253                                         parameter. Unlike
 254                                         <varname>x</varname>, this
 255                                         parameter will not exclude the
 256                                         content if path is a
 257                                         directory, but only directory
 258                                         itself. Note that lines of
 259                                         this type do not influence the
 260                                         effect of <varname>r</varname>
 261                                         or <varname>R</varname> lines.
 262                                         Lines of this type accept
 263                                         shell-style globs in place of
 264                                         normal path names.
 265                                         </para></listitem>
 266                                 </varlistentry>
 267
 268                                 <varlistentry>
 269                                         <term><varname>r</varname></term>
 270                                         <listitem><para>Remove a file
 271                                         or directory if it exists.
 272                                         This may not be used to remove
 273                                         non-empty directories, use
 274                                         <varname>R</varname> for that.
 275                                         Lines of this type accept
 276                                         shell-style globs in place of
 277                                         normal path
 278                                         names.</para></listitem>
 279                                 </varlistentry>
 280
 281                                 <varlistentry>
 282                                         <term><varname>R</varname></term>
 283                                         <listitem><para>Recursively
 284                                         remove a path and all its
 285                                         subdirectories (if it is a
 286                                         directory). Lines of this type
 287                                         accept shell-style globs in
 288                                         place of normal path
 289                                         names.</para></listitem>
 290                                 </varlistentry>
 291
 292                                 <varlistentry>
 293                                         <term><varname>z</varname></term>
 294                                         <listitem><para>Adjust the
 295                                         access mode, group and user,
 296                                         and restore the SELinux security
 297                                         context of a file or directory,
 298                                         if it exists. Lines of this
 299                                         type accept shell-style globs
 300                                         in place of normal path names.
 301                                         </para></listitem>
 302                                 </varlistentry>
 303
 304                                 <varlistentry>
 305                                         <term><varname>Z</varname></term>
 306                                         <listitem><para>Recursively
 307                                         set the access mode, group and
 308                                         user, and restore the SELinux
 309                                         security context of a file or
 310                                         directory if it exists, as
 311                                         well as of its subdirectories
 312                                         and the files contained
 313                                         therein (if applicable). Lines
 314                                         of this type accept
 315                                         shell-style globs in place of
 316                                         normal path
 317                                         names.</para></listitem>
 318                                 </varlistentry>
 319                         </variablelist>
 320
 321                         <para>If the exclamation mark is used, this
 322                         line is only safe of execute during boot, and
 323                         can break a running system. Lines without the
 324                         exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to
 325                         execute at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
 326                         <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will
 327                         execute line with an exclamation mark only if
 328                         option <option>--boot</option> is given.
 329                         </para>
 330
 331                         <para>For example:
 332                         <programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
 333 d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
 334
 335 # Unlink the X11 lock files
 336 r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting>
 337                         The second line in contrast to the first one
 338                         would break a running system, and will only be
 339                         executed with <option>--boot</option>.</para>
 340                 </refsect2>
 341
 342                 <refsect2>
 343                         <title>Path</title>
 344
 345                         <para>The file system path specification supports simple specifier
 346                         expansion. The following expansions are
 347                         understood:</para>
 348
 349                         <table>
 350                                 <title>Specifiers available</title>
 351                                 <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
 352                                         <colspec colname="spec" />
 353                                         <colspec colname="mean" />
 354                                         <colspec colname="detail" />
 355                                         <thead>
 356                                                 <row>
 357                                                         <entry>Specifier</entry>
 358                                                         <entry>Meaning</entry>
 359                                                         <entry>Details</entry>
 360                                                 </row>
 361                                         </thead>
 362                                         <tbody>
 363                                                 <row>
 364                                                         <entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
 365                                                         <entry>Machine ID</entry>
 366                                                         <entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
 367                                                 </row>
 368                                                 <row>
 369                                                         <entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
 370                                                         <entry>Boot ID</entry>
 371                                                         <entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
 372                                                 </row>
 373                                                 <row>
 374                                                         <entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
 375                                                         <entry>Host name</entry>
 376                                                         <entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry>
 377                                                 </row>
 378                                                 <row>
 379                                                         <entry><literal>%v</literal></entry>
 380                                                         <entry>Kernel release</entry>
 381                                                         <entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry>
 382                                                 </row>
 383                                                 <row>
 384                                                         <entry><literal>%%</literal></entry>
 385                                                         <entry>Escaped %</entry>
 386                                                         <entry>Single percent sign.</entry>
 387                                                 </row>
 388                                         </tbody>
 389                                 </tgroup>
 390                         </table>
 391                 </refsect2>
 392
 393                 <refsect2>
 394                         <title>Mode</title>
 395
 396                         <para>The file access mode to use when
 397                         creating this file or directory. If omitted or
 398                         when set to -, the default is used: 0755 for
 399                         directories, 0644 for all other file objects.
 400                         For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
 401                         lines, if omitted or when set to
 402                         <literal>-</literal>, the file access mode
 403                         will not be modified. This parameter is
 404                         ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
 405                         <varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
 406                         <varname>L</varname> lines.</para>
 407
 408                         <para>Optionally, if prefixed with
 409                         <literal>~</literal> the access mode is masked
 410                         based on the already set access bits for
 411                         existing file or directories: if the existing
 412                         file has all executable bits unset then all
 413                         executable bits are removed from the new
 414                         access mode, too. Similar, if all read bits
 415                         are removed from the old access mode they will
 416                         be removed from the new access mode too, and
 417                         if all write bits are removed, they will be
 418                         removed from the new access mode too. In
 419                         addition the sticky/suid/gid bit is removed unless
 420                         applied to a directory. This
 421                         functionality is particularly useful in
 422                         conjunction with <varname>Z</varname>.</para>
 423                 </refsect2>
 424
 425                 <refsect2>
 426                         <title>UID, GID</title>
 427
 428                         <para>The user and group to use for this file
 429                         or directory. This may either be a numeric
 430                         user/group ID or a user or group name. If
 431                         omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>,
 432                         the default 0 (root) is used. For
 433                         <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
 434                         lines, when omitted or when set to -, the file
 435                         ownership will not be modified. These
 436                         parameters are ignored for
 437                         <varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
 438                         <varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>
 439                         lines.</para>
 440                 </refsect2>
 441
 442                 <refsect2>
 443                         <title>Age</title>
 444                         <para>The date field, when set, is used to
 445                         decide what files to delete when cleaning. If
 446                         a file or directory is older than the current
 447                         time minus the age field, it is deleted. The
 448                         field format is a series of integers each
 449                         followed by one of the following
 450                         postfixes for the respective time units:</para>
 451
 452                         <variablelist>
 453                                 <varlistentry>
 454                                 <term><varname>s</varname></term>
 455                                 <term><varname>min</varname></term>
 456                                 <term><varname>h</varname></term>
 457                                 <term><varname>d</varname></term>
 458                                 <term><varname>w</varname></term>
 459                                 <term><varname>ms</varname></term>
 460                                 <term><varname>m</varname></term>
 461                                 <term><varname>us</varname></term></varlistentry>
 462                         </variablelist>
 463
 464                         <para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
 465                         values are summed up. If an integer is given without a unit,
 466                         s is assumed.
 467                         </para>
 468
 469                         <para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
 470                         unconditionally.</para>
 471
 472                         <para>The age field only applies to lines
 473                         starting with <varname>d</varname>,
 474                         <varname>D</varname>, and
 475                         <varname>x</varname>. If omitted or set to
 476                         <literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is
 477                         done.</para>
 478
 479                         <para>If the age field starts with a tilde
 480                         character <literal>~</literal>, the clean-up
 481                         is only applied to files and directories one
 482                         level inside the directory specified, but not
 483                         the files and directories immediately inside
 484                         it.</para>
 485                 </refsect2>
 486
 487                 <refsect2>
 488                         <title>Argument</title>
 489
 490                         <para>For <varname>L</varname> lines
 491                         determines the destination path of the
 492                         symlink. For <varname>c</varname>,
 493                         <varname>b</varname> determines the
 494                         major/minor of the device node, with major and
 495                         minor formatted as integers, separated by
 496                         <literal>:</literal>, e.g.
 497                         <literal>1:3</literal>. For
 498                         <varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>,
 499                         and <varname>w</varname> may be used to
 500                         specify a short string that is written to the
 501                         file, suffixed by a newline. For
 502                         <varname>C</varname> specifies the source file
 503                         or directory. Ignored for all other
 504                         lines.</para>
 505                 </refsect2>
 506
 507         </refsect1>
 508
 509         <refsect1>
 510                 <title>Example</title>
 511                 <example>
 512                         <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
 513                         <para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
 514
 515                         <programlisting>d /run/screens  1777 root root 10d
 516 d /run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h</programlisting>
 517                 </example>
 518                 <example>
 519                         <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>
 520                         <para><command>abrt</command> needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.</para>
 521
 522                         <programlisting>d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt
 523 x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting>
 524                 </example>
 525         </refsect1>
 526
 527         <refsect1>
 528                 <title>See Also</title>
 529                 <para>
 530                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 531                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 532                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 533                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 534                 </para>
 535         </refsect1>
 536
 537 </refentry>