man/systemd.network.xml

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   8   Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemd.network" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>
  25
  26   <refentryinfo>
  27     <title>systemd.network</title>
  28     <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30     <authorgroup>
  31       <author>
  32         <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33         <firstname>Tom</firstname>
  34         <surname>Gundersen</surname>
  35         <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
  36       </author>
  37     </authorgroup>
  38   </refentryinfo>
  39
  40   <refmeta>
  41     <refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
  42     <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  43   </refmeta>
  44
  45   <refnamediv>
  46     <refname>systemd.network</refname>
  47     <refpurpose>Network configuration</refpurpose>
  48   </refnamediv>
  49
  50   <refsynopsisdiv>
  51     <para><filename><replaceable>network</replaceable>.network</filename></para>
  52   </refsynopsisdiv>
  53
  54   <refsect1>
  55     <title>Description</title>
  56
  57     <para>Network setup is performed by
  58     <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
  59     </para>
  60
  61     <para>Network files must have the extension
  62     <filename>.network</filename>; other extensions are ignored.
  63     Networks are applied to links whenever the links appear.</para>
  64
  65     <para>The <filename>.network</filename> files are read from the
  66     files located in the system network directory
  67     <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>, the volatile
  68     runtime network directory
  69     <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local
  70     administration network directory
  71     <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>. All configuration files
  72     are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order, regardless
  73     of the directories in which they live. However, files with
  74     identical filenames replace each other. Files in
  75     <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
  76     <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
  77     name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to
  78     override a system-supplied configuration file with a local file if
  79     needed; a symlink in <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name
  80     as a configuration file in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing
  81     to <filename>/dev/null</filename>, disables the configuration file
  82     entirely.</para>
  83
  84   </refsect1>
  85
  86   <refsect1>
  87     <title>[Match] Section Options</title>
  88
  89       <para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal>
  90       section, which determines if a given network file may be applied
  91       to a given device; and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section
  92       specifying how the device should be configured. The first (in
  93       lexical order) of the network files that matches a given device
  94       is applied.</para>
  95
  96       <para>A network file is said to match a device if each of the
  97       entries in the <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if
  98       the section is empty. The following keys are accepted:</para>
  99
 100       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 101         <varlistentry>
 102           <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
 103           <listitem>
 104             <para>The hardware address.</para>
 105           </listitem>
 106         </varlistentry>
 107         <varlistentry>
 108           <term><varname>Path=</varname></term>
 109           <listitem>
 110             <para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev
 111             property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>. May contain shell
 112             style globs.</para>
 113           </listitem>
 114         </varlistentry>
 115         <varlistentry>
 116           <term><varname>Driver=</varname></term>
 117           <listitem>
 118             <para>The driver currently bound to the device, as
 119             exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>
 120             of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver
 121             as exposed by <literal>ethtool -i</literal> of the
 122             device itself.</para>
 123           </listitem>
 124         </varlistentry>
 125         <varlistentry>
 126           <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
 127           <listitem>
 128             <para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property
 129             <literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>
 130           </listitem>
 131         </varlistentry>
 132         <varlistentry>
 133           <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
 134           <listitem>
 135             <para>The device name, as exposed by the udev property
 136             <literal>INTERFACE</literal>. May contain shell style
 137             globs.</para>
 138           </listitem>
 139         </varlistentry>
 140         <varlistentry>
 141           <term><varname>Host=</varname></term>
 142           <listitem>
 143             <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
 144             host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
 145             <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 146             for details.
 147             </para>
 148           </listitem>
 149         </varlistentry>
 150         <varlistentry>
 151           <term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>
 152           <listitem>
 153             <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
 154             environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
 155             implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
 156             <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 157             for details.
 158             </para>
 159           </listitem>
 160         </varlistentry>
 161         <varlistentry>
 162           <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
 163           <listitem>
 164             <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
 165             set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
 166             <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
 167             <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 168             for details.
 169             </para>
 170           </listitem>
 171         </varlistentry>
 172         <varlistentry>
 173           <term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>
 174           <listitem>
 175             <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
 176             architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in
 177             <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 178             for details.
 179             </para>
 180           </listitem>
 181         </varlistentry>
 182       </variablelist>
 183
 184   </refsect1>
 185
 186   <refsect1>
 187     <title>[Link] Section Options</title>
 188
 189     <para> The <literal>[Link]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 190
 191     <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 192       <varlistentry>
 193         <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
 194         <listitem>
 195           <para>The hardware address.</para>
 196         </listitem>
 197       </varlistentry>
 198       <varlistentry>
 199         <term><varname>MTUBytes=</varname></term>
 200         <listitem>
 201           <para>The maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for the
 202           device. The usual suffixes K, M, G, are supported and are
 203           understood to the base of 1024.</para>
 204         </listitem>
 205       </varlistentry>
 206     </variablelist>
 207   </refsect1>
 208
 209   <refsect1>
 210     <title>[Network] Section Options</title>
 211
 212       <para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 213
 214       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 215         <varlistentry>
 216           <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
 217           <listitem>
 218             <para>A description of the device. This is only used for
 219             presentation purposes.</para>
 220           </listitem>
 221         </varlistentry>
 222         <varlistentry>
 223           <term><varname>DHCP=</varname></term>
 224           <listitem>
 225             <para>Enables DHCPv4 and/or DHCPv6 support. Accepts
 226             <literal>yes</literal>, <literal>no</literal>,
 227             <literal>ipv4</literal>, or <literal>ipv6</literal>.</para>
 228           </listitem>
 229         </varlistentry>
 230         <varlistentry>
 231           <term><varname>DHCPServer=</varname></term>
 232           <listitem>
 233             <para>A boolean. Enables a basic DHCPv4 server on the
 234             device. Mostly useful for handing out leases to container
 235             instances.</para>
 236           </listitem>
 237         </varlistentry>
 238         <varlistentry>
 239           <term><varname>LinkLocal=</varname></term>
 240           <listitem>
 241             <para>Enables link-local address autoconfiguration. Accepts
 242             <literal>yes</literal>, <literal>no</literal>,
 243             <literal>ipv4</literal>, or <literal>ipv6</literal>. Defaults to
 244             <literal>ipv6</literal>.</para>
 245           </listitem>
 246         </varlistentry>
 247         <varlistentry>
 248           <term><varname>IPv4LLRoute=</varname></term>
 249           <listitem>
 250             <para>A boolean. When true, sets up the route needed for
 251             non-IPv4LL hosts to communicate with IPv4LL-only hosts. Defaults
 252             to false.
 253             </para>
 254           </listitem>
 255         </varlistentry>
 256         <varlistentry>
 257           <term><varname>LLMNR=</varname></term>
 258           <listitem>
 259             <para>A boolean or <literal>resolve</literal>. When true, enables
 260             Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution on the link, when set to
 261             <literal>resolve</literal> only resolution is enabled, but not
 262             announcement. Defaults to true.</para>
 263           </listitem>
 264         </varlistentry>
 265         <varlistentry>
 266           <term><varname>LLDP=</varname></term>
 267           <listitem>
 268             <para>A boolean. When true, enables LLDP link receive support.
 269             </para>
 270           </listitem>
 271         </varlistentry>
 272         <varlistentry>
 273           <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 274           <listitem>
 275             <para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
 276             separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. Specify
 277             this key more than once to configure several addresses.
 278             The format of the address must be as described in
 279             <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 280             This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only
 281             containing an Address key (see below). This option may be
 282             specified more than once.
 283             </para>
 284
 285             <para>If the specified address is 0.0.0.0 (for IPv4) or
 286             [::] (for IPv6), a new address range of the requested size
 287             is automatically allocated from a system-wide pool of
 288             unused ranges. The allocated range is checked against all
 289             current network interfaces and all known network
 290             configuration files to avoid address range conflicts. The
 291             default system-wide pool consists of 192.168.0.0/16,
 292             172.16.0.0/12 and 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4, and fc00::/7 for
 293             IPv6. This functionality is useful to manage a large
 294             number of dynamically created network interfaces with the
 295             same network configuration and automatic address range
 296             assignment.</para>
 297
 298           </listitem>
 299         </varlistentry>
 300         <varlistentry>
 301           <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 302           <listitem>
 303             <para>The gateway address, which must be in the format
 304             described in
 305             <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 306             This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing
 307             a Gateway key. This option may be specified more than
 308             once.</para>
 309           </listitem>
 310         </varlistentry>
 311         <varlistentry>
 312           <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>
 313           <listitem>
 314             <para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format
 315             described in
 316             <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 317             This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 318           </listitem>
 319         </varlistentry>
 320         <varlistentry>
 321           <term><varname>Domains=</varname></term>
 322           <listitem>
 323             <para>The domains used for DNS resolution over this link.</para>
 324           </listitem>
 325         </varlistentry>
 326         <varlistentry>
 327           <term><varname>NTP=</varname></term>
 328           <listitem>
 329             <para>An NTP server address. This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 330           </listitem>
 331         </varlistentry>
 332         <varlistentry>
 333           <term><varname>IPForward=</varname></term>
 334           <listitem><para>Configures IP forwarding for the network
 335           interface. If enabled incoming packets on the network
 336           interface will be forwarded to other interfaces according to
 337           the routing table. Takes either a boolean argument, or the
 338           values <literal>ipv4</literal> or <literal>ipv6</literal>,
 339           which only enables IP forwarding for the specified address
 340           family.</para></listitem>
 341         </varlistentry>
 342         <varlistentry>
 343           <term><varname>IPMasquerade=</varname></term>
 344           <listitem><para>Configures IP masquerading for the network
 345           interface. If enabled packets forwarded from the network
 346           interface will be appear as coming from the local host.
 347           Takes a boolean argument. Implies
 348           <varname>IPForward=yes</varname>.</para></listitem>
 349         </varlistentry>
 350         <varlistentry>
 351           <term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
 352           <listitem>
 353             <para>The name of the bridge to add the link to.</para>
 354           </listitem>
 355         </varlistentry>
 356         <varlistentry>
 357           <term><varname>Bond=</varname></term>
 358           <listitem>
 359             <para>The name of the bond to add the link to.</para>
 360           </listitem>
 361         </varlistentry>
 362         <varlistentry>
 363           <term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>
 364           <listitem>
 365             <para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This
 366             option may be specified more than once.</para>
 367           </listitem>
 368         </varlistentry>
 369         <varlistentry>
 370           <term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
 371           <listitem>
 372             <para>The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This
 373             option may be specified more than once.</para>
 374           </listitem>
 375         </varlistentry>
 376         <varlistentry>
 377           <term><varname>VXLAN=</varname></term>
 378           <listitem>
 379             <para>The name of a VXLAN to create on the link. This
 380             option may be specified more than once.</para>
 381           </listitem>
 382         </varlistentry>
 383         <varlistentry>
 384           <term><varname>Tunnel=</varname></term>
 385           <listitem>
 386             <para>The name of a Tunnel to create on the link. This
 387             option may be specified more than once.</para>
 388           </listitem>
 389         </varlistentry>
 390       </variablelist>
 391
 392   </refsect1>
 393
 394   <refsect1>
 395     <title>[Address] Section Options</title>
 396
 397       <para>An <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the
 398       following keys. Specify several <literal>[Address]</literal>
 399       sections to configure several addresses.</para>
 400
 401       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 402         <varlistentry>
 403           <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 404           <listitem>
 405             <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This
 406             key is mandatory.</para>
 407           </listitem>
 408         </varlistentry>
 409         <varlistentry>
 410           <term><varname>Peer=</varname></term>
 411           <listitem>
 412             <para>The peer address in a point-to-point connection.
 413             Accepts the same format as the <literal>Address</literal>
 414             key.</para>
 415           </listitem>
 416         </varlistentry>
 417         <varlistentry>
 418           <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
 419           <listitem>
 420             <para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format
 421             described in
 422             <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 423             This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not
 424             given, it is derived from the <literal>Address</literal>
 425             key.</para>
 426           </listitem>
 427         </varlistentry>
 428         <varlistentry>
 429           <term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
 430           <listitem>
 431             <para>An address label.</para>
 432           </listitem>
 433         </varlistentry>
 434       </variablelist>
 435   </refsect1>
 436
 437   <refsect1>
 438     <title>[Route] Section Options</title>
 439       <para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the
 440       following keys. Specify several <literal>[Route]</literal>
 441       sections to configure several routes.</para>
 442
 443       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 444         <varlistentry>
 445           <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 446           <listitem>
 447             <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section.</para>
 448           </listitem>
 449         </varlistentry>
 450         <varlistentry>
 451           <term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>
 452           <listitem>
 453             <para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly
 454             followed by a slash and the prefixlength. If omitted, a
 455             full-length host route is assumed.</para>
 456           </listitem>
 457         </varlistentry>
 458         <varlistentry>
 459           <term><varname>Source=</varname></term>
 460           <listitem>
 461             <para>The source prefix of the route. Possibly followed by
 462             a slash and the prefixlength. If omitted, a full-length
 463             host route is assumed.</para>
 464           </listitem>
 465         </varlistentry>
 466         <varlistentry>
 467           <term><varname>Metric=</varname></term>
 468           <listitem>
 469             <para>The metric of the route. An unsigned integer</para>
 470           </listitem>
 471         </varlistentry>
 472       </variablelist>
 473   </refsect1>
 474
 475   <refsect1>
 476     <title>[DHCP] Section Options</title>
 477       <para>The <literal>[DHCP]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 478
 479       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 480         <varlistentry>
 481           <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
 482           <listitem>
 483             <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received
 484             from the DHCP server will be used and take precedence over
 485             any statically configured ones.</para>
 486           </listitem>
 487         </varlistentry>
 488         <varlistentry>
 489           <term><varname>UseMTU=</varname></term>
 490           <listitem>
 491             <para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit
 492             from the DHCP server will be used on the current link.
 493             Defaults to false.</para>
 494           </listitem>
 495         </varlistentry>
 496         <varlistentry>
 497           <term><varname>SendHostname=</varname></term>
 498           <listitem>
 499             <para>When true (the default), the machine's hostname will be sent to the DHCP
 500             server</para>
 501           </listitem>
 502         </varlistentry>
 503         <varlistentry>
 504           <term><varname>UseHostname=</varname></term>
 505           <listitem>
 506             <para>When true (the default), the hostname received from
 507             the DHCP server will be used as the transient
 508             hostname.</para>
 509           </listitem>
 510         </varlistentry>
 511         <varlistentry>
 512           <term><varname>UseDomains=</varname></term>
 513           <listitem>
 514             <para>When true (not the default), the domain name
 515             received from the DHCP server will be used for DNS
 516             resolution over this link.</para>
 517           </listitem>
 518         </varlistentry>
 519         <varlistentry>
 520           <term><varname>UseRoutes=</varname></term>
 521           <listitem>
 522             <para>When true (the default), the static routes will be
 523             requested from the DHCP server and added to the routing
 524             table with metric of 1024.</para>
 525           </listitem>
 526         </varlistentry>
 527         <varlistentry>
 528           <term><varname>CriticalConnection=</varname></term>
 529           <listitem>
 530             <para>When true, the connection will never be torn down
 531             even if the DHCP lease expires. This is contrary to the
 532             DHCP specification, but may be the best choice if, say,
 533             the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to
 534             false.</para>
 535           </listitem>
 536         </varlistentry>
 537         <varlistentry>
 538           <term><varname>VendorClassIdentifier=</varname></term>
 539           <listitem>
 540             <para>The vendor class identifier used to identify vendor
 541             type and configuration.</para>
 542           </listitem>
 543         </varlistentry>
 544         <varlistentry>
 545           <term><varname>RequestBroadcast=</varname></term>
 546           <listitem>
 547             <para>Request the server to use broadcast messages before
 548             the IP address has been configured. This is necessary for
 549             devices that cannot receive RAW packets, or that cannot
 550             receive packets at all before an IP address has been
 551             configured. On the other hand, this must not be enabled on
 552             networks where broadcasts are filtered out.</para>
 553           </listitem>
 554         </varlistentry>
 555         <varlistentry>
 556           <term><varname>RouteMetric=</varname></term>
 557           <listitem>
 558             <para>Set the routing metric for routes specified by the
 559             DHCP server.</para>
 560           </listitem>
 561         </varlistentry>
 562            </variablelist>
 563
 564   </refsect1>
 565
 566   <refsect1>
 567     <title>[Bridge] Section Options</title>
 568       <para>The <literal>[Bridge]</literal> section accepts the
 569       following keys.</para>
 570       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 571         <varlistentry>
 572           <term><varname>Cost=</varname></term>
 573           <listitem>
 574             <para>Each port in a bridge may have different speed. Cost
 575             is used to decide which link to use. Faster interfaces
 576             should have lower costs</para>
 577           </listitem>
 578         </varlistentry>
 579       </variablelist>
 580   </refsect1>
 581
 582   <refsect1>
 583     <title>[BridgeFDB] Section Options</title>
 584       <para>The <literal>[BridgeFDB]</literal> section manages the
 585       forwarding database table of a port and accepts the following
 586       keys. Specify several <literal>[BridgeFDB]</literal> sections to
 587       configure several static MAC table entries.</para>
 588
 589       <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 590         <varlistentry>
 591           <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
 592           <listitem>
 593             <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This
 594             key is mandatory.</para>
 595           </listitem>
 596         </varlistentry>
 597         <varlistentry>
 598           <term><varname>VLANId=</varname></term>
 599           <listitem>
 600             <para>The VLAN Id for the new static MAC table entry. If
 601             omitted, no VLAN Id info is appended to the new static MAC
 602             table entry.</para>
 603           </listitem>
 604         </varlistentry>
 605       </variablelist>
 606   </refsect1>
 607
 608   <refsect1>
 609     <title>Example</title>
 610     <example>
 611       <title>/etc/systemd/network/50-static.network</title>
 612
 613       <programlisting>[Match]
 614 Name=enp2s0
 615
 616 [Network]
 617 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 618 Gateway=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 619     </example>
 620
 621     <example>
 622       <title>/etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network</title>
 623
 624       <programlisting>[Match]
 625 Name=en*
 626
 627 [Network]
 628 DHCP=both</programlisting>
 629     </example>
 630
 631     <example>
 632       <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network</title>
 633
 634       <programlisting>[Match]
 635 Name=bridge0
 636
 637 [Network]
 638 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 639 Gateway=192.168.0.1
 640 DNS=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 641     </example>
 642
 643     <example>
 644       <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network</title>
 645
 646       <programlisting>[Match]
 647 Name=enp2s0
 648
 649 [Network]
 650 Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>
 651     </example>
 652     <example>
 653       <title>/etc/systemd/network/ipip.network</title>
 654
 655       <programlisting>[Match]
 656 Name=em1
 657
 658 [Network]
 659 Tunnel=ipip-tun</programlisting>
 660     </example>
 661
 662     <example>
 663       <title>/etc/systemd/network/sit.network</title>
 664
 665       <programlisting>[Match]
 666 Name=em1
 667
 668 [Network]
 669 Tunnel=sit-tun</programlisting>
 670     </example>
 671
 672     <example>
 673       <title>/etc/systemd/network/gre.network</title>
 674
 675       <programlisting>[Match]
 676 Name=em1
 677
 678 [Network]
 679 Tunnel=gre-tun</programlisting>
 680     </example>
 681
 682     <example>
 683       <title>/etc/systemd/network/vti.network</title>
 684
 685       <programlisting>[Match]
 686 Name=em1
 687
 688 [Network]
 689 Tunnel=vti-tun</programlisting>
 690     </example>
 691   </refsect1>
 692
 693   <refsect1>
 694     <title>See Also</title>
 695     <para>
 696       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 697       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 698       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.link</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 699       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 700     </para>
 701   </refsect1>
 702
 703 </refentry>