man/systemctl.xml

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   2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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   6   This file is part of systemd.
   7
   8   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   9
  10   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  11   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  12   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  13   (at your option) any later version.
  14
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  18   General Public License for more details.
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  21   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemctl">
  25
  26         <refentryinfo>
  27                 <title>systemctl</title>
  28                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30                 <authorgroup>
  31                         <author>
  32                                 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33                                 <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
  34                                 <surname>Poettering</surname>
  35                                 <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
  36                         </author>
  37                 </authorgroup>
  38         </refentryinfo>
  39
  40         <refmeta>
  41                 <refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle>
  42                 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  43         </refmeta>
  44
  45         <refnamediv>
  46                 <refname>systemctl</refname>
  47                 <refpurpose>Control the systemd system and service manager</refpurpose>
  48         </refnamediv>
  49
  50         <refsynopsisdiv>
  51                 <cmdsynopsis>
  52                         <command>systemctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">NAME</arg></command>
  53                 </cmdsynopsis>
  54         </refsynopsisdiv>
  55
  56         <refsect1>
  57                 <title>Description</title>
  58
  59                 <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to
  60                 introspect and control the state of the
  61                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
  62                 system and service manager.</para>
  63         </refsect1>
  64
  65         <refsect1>
  66                 <title>Options</title>
  67
  68                 <para>The following options are understood:</para>
  69
  70                 <variablelist>
  71                         <varlistentry>
  72                                 <term><option>--help</option></term>
  73                                 <term><option>-h</option></term>
  74
  75                                 <listitem><para>Prints a short help
  76                                 text and exits.</para></listitem>
  77                         </varlistentry>
  78
  79                         <varlistentry>
  80                                 <term><option>--version</option></term>
  81
  82                                 <listitem><para>Prints a short version
  83                                 string and exits.</para></listitem>
  84                         </varlistentry>
  85
  86                         <varlistentry>
  87                                 <term><option>--type=</option></term>
  88                                 <term><option>-t</option></term>
  89
  90                                 <listitem><para>When listing units,
  91                                 limit display to certain unit
  92                                 types. If not specified units of all
  93                                 types will be shown. The argument
  94                                 should be a unit type name such as
  95                                 <option>service</option>,
  96                                 <option>socket</option> and
  97                                 similar.</para></listitem>
  98                         </varlistentry>
  99
 100                         <varlistentry>
 101                                 <term><option>--property=</option></term>
 102                                 <term><option>-p</option></term>
 103
 104                                 <listitem><para>When showing
 105                                 unit/job/manager information, limit
 106                                 display to certain properties as
 107                                 specified as argument. If not
 108                                 specified all set properties are
 109                                 shown. The argument should be a
 110                                 property name, such as
 111                                 <literal>MainPID</literal>. If
 112                                 specified more than once all
 113                                 properties with the specified names
 114                                 are shown.</para></listitem>
 115                         </varlistentry>
 116
 117                         <varlistentry>
 118                                 <term><option>--all</option></term>
 119                                 <term><option>-a</option></term>
 120
 121                                 <listitem><para>When listing units,
 122                                 show all units, regardless of their
 123                                 state, including inactive units. When
 124                                 showing unit/job/manager information,
 125                                 show all properties regardless whether
 126                                 they are set or not.</para></listitem>
 127                         </varlistentry>
 128
 129                         <varlistentry>
 130                                 <term><option>--failed</option></term>
 131
 132                                 <listitem><para>When listing units,
 133                                 show only failed units. Do not confuse
 134                                 with
 135                                 <option>--fail</option>.</para></listitem>
 136                         </varlistentry>
 137
 138                         <varlistentry>
 139                                 <term><option>--full</option></term>
 140
 141                                 <listitem><para>Do not ellipsize unit
 142                                 names and truncate unit descriptions
 143                                 in the output of
 144                                 <command>list-units</command> and
 145                                 <command>list-jobs</command>.</para></listitem>
 146                         </varlistentry>
 147
 148                         <varlistentry>
 149                                 <term><option>--fail</option></term>
 150
 151                                 <listitem><para>If the requested
 152                                 operation conflicts with a pending
 153                                 unfinished job, fail the command. If
 154                                 this is not specified the requested
 155                                 operation will replace the pending job,
 156                                 if necessary. Do not confuse
 157                                 with
 158                                 <option>--failed</option>.</para></listitem>
 159                         </varlistentry>
 160
 161                         <varlistentry>
 162                                 <term><option>--ignore-dependencies</option></term>
 163
 164                                 <listitem><para>When enqueuing a new
 165                                 job ignore all its dependencies and
 166                                 execute it immediately. If passed no
 167                                 required units of the unit passed will
 168                                 be pulled in, and no ordering
 169                                 dependencies will be honoured. This is
 170                                 mostly a debugging and rescue tool for
 171                                 the administrator and should not be
 172                                 used by
 173                                 applications.</para></listitem>
 174                         </varlistentry>
 175
 176                         <varlistentry>
 177                                 <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
 178                                 <term><option>-q</option></term>
 179
 180                                 <listitem><para>Suppress output to
 181                                 STDOUT in
 182                                 <command>snapshot</command>,
 183                                 <command>is-active</command>,
 184                                 <command>enable</command> and
 185                                 <command>disable</command>.</para></listitem>
 186                         </varlistentry>
 187
 188                         <varlistentry>
 189                                 <term><option>--no-block</option></term>
 190
 191                                 <listitem><para>Do not synchronously wait for
 192                                 the requested operation to finish. If this is
 193                                 not specified the job will be verified,
 194                                 enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will
 195                                 wait until it is completed. By passing this
 196                                 argument it is only verified and
 197                                 enqueued.</para></listitem> </varlistentry>
 198
 199                         <varlistentry>
 200                                 <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
 201
 202                                 <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
 203                                 pager.</para></listitem>
 204                         </varlistentry>
 205
 206                         <varlistentry>
 207                                 <term><option>--system</option></term>
 208
 209                                 <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
 210                                 system manager. (Default)</para></listitem>
 211                         </varlistentry>
 212
 213                         <varlistentry>
 214                                 <term><option>--user</option></term>
 215
 216                                 <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
 217                                 manager of the calling user.</para></listitem>
 218                         </varlistentry>
 219
 220                         <varlistentry>
 221                                 <term><option>--order</option></term>
 222                                 <term><option>--require</option></term>
 223
 224                                 <listitem><para>When used in
 225                                 conjunction with the
 226                                 <command>dot</command> command (see
 227                                 below), selects which dependencies are
 228                                 shown in the dependency graph. If
 229                                 <option>--order</option> is passed
 230                                 only dependencies of type
 231                                 <varname>After=</varname> or
 232                                 <varname>Before=</varname> are
 233                                 shown. If <option>--require</option>
 234                                 is passed only dependencies of type
 235                                 <varname>Requires=</varname>,
 236                                 <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,
 237                                 <varname>Requisite=</varname>,
 238                                 <varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname>,
 239                                 <varname>Wants=</varname> and
 240                                 <varname>Conflicts=</varname> are
 241                                 shown. If neither is passed, shows
 242                                 dependencies of all these
 243                                 types.</para></listitem>
 244                         </varlistentry>
 245
 246                         <varlistentry>
 247                                 <term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
 248
 249                                 <listitem><para>Don't send wall
 250                                 message before
 251                                 halt, power-off, reboot.</para></listitem>
 252                         </varlistentry>
 253
 254                         <varlistentry>
 255                                 <term><option>--global</option></term>
 256
 257                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 258                                 <command>enable</command> and
 259                                 <command>disable</command>, operate on the
 260                                 global user configuration
 261                                 directory, thus enabling or disabling
 262                                 a unit file globally for all future
 263                                 logins of all users.</para></listitem>
 264                         </varlistentry>
 265
 266                         <varlistentry>
 267                                 <term><option>--no-reload</option></term>
 268
 269                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 270                                 <command>enable</command> and
 271                                 <command>disable</command>, do not
 272                                 implicitly reload daemon configuration
 273                                 after executing the
 274                                 changes.</para></listitem>
 275                         </varlistentry>
 276
 277                         <varlistentry>
 278                                 <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
 279
 280                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 281                                 <command>start</command> and related
 282                                 commands, disables asking for
 283                                 passwords. Background services may
 284                                 require input of a password or
 285                                 passphrase string, for example to
 286                                 unlock system hard disks or
 287                                 cryptographic certificates. Unless
 288                                 this option is specified and the
 289                                 command is invoked from a terminal
 290                                 <command>systemctl</command> will
 291                                 query the user on the terminal for the
 292                                 necessary secrets. Use this option to
 293                                 switch this behavior off. In this
 294                                 case the password must be supplied by
 295                                 some other means (for example
 296                                 graphical password agents) or the
 297                                 service might fail.</para></listitem>
 298                         </varlistentry>
 299
 300                         <varlistentry>
 301                                 <term><option>--kill-mode=</option></term>
 302
 303                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 304                                 <command>kill</command>, choose the
 305                                 mode how to kill the selected
 306                                 processes. Must be one of
 307                                 <option>control-group</option>,
 308                                 <option>process-group</option> or
 309                                 <option>process</option> to select
 310                                 whether to kill the entire control
 311                                 group, the process group or only the
 312                                 selected process itself. If omitted
 313                                 defaults to
 314                                 <option>control-group</option> if
 315                                 <option>--kill-who=all</option> is
 316                                 set, or <option>process</option>
 317                                 otherwise. You probably never need to
 318                                 use this switch.</para></listitem>
 319                         </varlistentry>
 320
 321                         <varlistentry>
 322                                 <term><option>--kill-who=</option></term>
 323
 324                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 325                                 <command>kill</command>, choose which
 326                                 processes to kill. Must be one of
 327                                 <option>main</option>,
 328                                 <option>control</option> or
 329                                 <option>all</option> to select whether
 330                                 to kill only the main process of the
 331                                 unit, the control process or all
 332                                 processes of the unit. If omitted
 333                                 defaults to
 334                                 <option>all</option>.</para></listitem>
 335                         </varlistentry>
 336
 337                         <varlistentry>
 338                                 <term><option>--signal=</option></term>
 339                                 <term><option>-s</option></term>
 340
 341                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 342                                 <command>kill</command>, choose which
 343                                 signal to send to selected
 344                                 processes. Must be one of the well
 345                                 known signal specifiers such as
 346                                 SIGTERM, SIGINT or SIGSTOP. If
 347                                 omitted defaults to
 348                                 <option>SIGTERM</option>.</para></listitem>
 349                         </varlistentry>
 350
 351                         <varlistentry>
 352                                 <term><option>--force</option></term>
 353                                 <term><option>-f</option></term>
 354
 355                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 356                                 <command>enable</command>, override any
 357                                 existing conflicting
 358                                 symlinks.</para></listitem>
 359
 360                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 361                                 <command>halt</command>,
 362                                 <command>poweroff</command>,
 363                                 <command>reboot</command> or
 364                                 <command>kexec</command> execute
 365                                 selected operation without shutting
 366                                 down all units. However, all processes
 367                                 will be killed forcibly and all file
 368                                 systems are unmounted or remounted
 369                                 read-only. This is hence a drastic but
 370                                 relatively safe option to request an
 371                                 immediate reboot.</para></listitem>
 372                         </varlistentry>
 373
 374                         <varlistentry>
 375                                 <term><option>--defaults</option></term>
 376
 377                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 378                                 <command>disable</command>, ensures
 379                                 that only the symlinks created by
 380                                 <command>enable</command> are removed,
 381                                 not all symlinks pointing to the unit
 382                                 file that shall be
 383                                 disabled.</para></listitem>
 384                         </varlistentry>
 385                 </variablelist>
 386
 387                 <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
 388
 389                 <variablelist>
 390                         <varlistentry>
 391                                 <term><command>list-units</command></term>
 392
 393                                 <listitem><para>List known units.</para></listitem>
 394                         </varlistentry>
 395                         <varlistentry>
 396                                 <term><command>start [NAME...]</command></term>
 397
 398                                 <listitem><para>Start (activate) one
 399                                 or more units specified on the command
 400                                 line.</para></listitem>
 401                         </varlistentry>
 402                         <varlistentry>
 403                                 <term><command>stop [NAME...]</command></term>
 404
 405                                 <listitem><para>Stop (deactivate) one
 406                                 or more units specified on the command
 407                                 line.</para></listitem>
 408                         </varlistentry>
 409                         <varlistentry>
 410                                 <term><command>reload [NAME...]</command></term>
 411
 412                                 <listitem><para>Asks all units listed
 413                                 on the command line to reload their
 414                                 configuration. Note that this will
 415                                 reload the service-specific
 416                                 configuration, not the unit
 417                                 configuration file of systemd. If you
 418                                 want systemd to reload the
 419                                 configuration file of a unit use the
 420                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>
 421                                 command. In other words: for the
 422                                 example case of Apache, this will
 423                                 reload Apache's
 424                                 <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the
 425                                 web server, not the
 426                                 <filename>apache.service</filename>
 427                                 systemd unit file. </para>
 428
 429                                 <para>This command should not be
 430                                 confused with the
 431                                 <command>daemon-reload</command> or
 432                                 <command>load</command>
 433                                 commands.</para></listitem>
 434
 435                         </varlistentry>
 436                         <varlistentry>
 437                                 <term><command>restart [NAME...]</command></term>
 438
 439                                 <listitem><para>Restart one or more
 440                                 units specified on the command
 441                                 line. If the units are not running yet
 442                                 they will be
 443                                 started.</para></listitem>
 444                         </varlistentry>
 445                         <varlistentry>
 446                                 <term><command>try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
 447
 448                                 <listitem><para>Restart one or more
 449                                 units specified on the command
 450                                 line. If the units are not running yet
 451                                 the operation will
 452                                 fail. Note that for compatibility
 453                                 with Red Hat init scripts
 454                                 <command>condrestart</command> is
 455                                 equivalent to this command.</para></listitem>
 456                         </varlistentry>
 457                         <varlistentry>
 458                                 <term><command>reload-or-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
 459
 460                                 <listitem><para>Reload one or more
 461                                 units if they support it. If not,
 462                                 restart them instead. If the units
 463                                 are not running yet they will be
 464                                 started.</para></listitem>
 465                         </varlistentry>
 466                         <varlistentry>
 467                                 <term><command>reload-or-try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
 468
 469                                 <listitem><para>Reload one or more
 470                                 units if they support it. If not,
 471                                 restart them instead. If the units
 472                                 are not running yet the operation
 473                                 will fail. Note that for
 474                                 compatibility with SysV init scripts
 475                                 <command>force-reload</command> is
 476                                 equivalent to this command.</para></listitem>
 477                         </varlistentry>
 478                         <varlistentry>
 479                                 <term><command>isolate [NAME]</command></term>
 480
 481                                 <listitem><para>Start the unit
 482                                 specified on the command line and its
 483                                 dependencies and stop all others.</para>
 484
 485                                 <para>This is similar to changing the
 486                                 runlevel in a traditional init system. The
 487                                 <command>isolate</command> command will
 488                                 immediately stop processes that are not
 489                                 enabled in the new unit, possibly including
 490                                 the graphical environment or terminal you
 491                                 are currently using.</para>
 492
 493                                 <para>Note that this works only on units
 494                                 where <option>AllowIsolate=</option> is
 495                                 enabled. See
 496                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 497                                 for details.</para></listitem>
 498                         </varlistentry>
 499                         <varlistentry>
 500                                 <term><command>kill [NAME...]</command></term>
 501
 502                                 <listitem><para>Send a signal to one
 503                                 or more processes of the unit. Use
 504                                 <option>--kill-who=</option> to select
 505                                 which process to kill. Use
 506                                 <option>--kill-mode=</option> to
 507                                 select the kill mode and
 508                                 <option>--signal=</option> to select
 509                                 the signal to send.</para></listitem>
 510                         </varlistentry>
 511                         <varlistentry>
 512                                 <term><command>is-active [NAME...]</command></term>
 513
 514                                 <listitem><para>Check whether any of
 515                                 the specified units are active
 516                                 (i.e. running). Returns an exit code
 517                                 0 if at least one is active, non-zero
 518                                 otherwise. Unless
 519                                 <option>--quiet</option> is specified
 520                                 this will also print the current unit
 521                                 state to STDOUT.</para></listitem>
 522                         </varlistentry>
 523                         <varlistentry>
 524                                 <term><command>status [NAME...|PID...]</command></term>
 525
 526                                 <listitem><para>Show terse runtime
 527                                 status information about one or more
 528                                 units. This function is intended to
 529                                 generate human-readable output. If you
 530                                 are looking for computer-parsable
 531                                 output, use <command>show</command>
 532                                 instead. If a PID is passed
 533                                 information about the unit the process
 534                                 of the PID belongs to is
 535                                 shown.</para></listitem>
 536                         </varlistentry>
 537                         <varlistentry>
 538                                 <term><command>show [NAME...|JOB...]</command></term>
 539
 540                                 <listitem><para>Show properties of one
 541                                 or more units, jobs or the manager
 542                                 itself. If no argument is specified
 543                                 properties of the manager will be
 544                                 shown. If a unit name is specified
 545                                 properties of the unit is shown, and
 546                                 if a job id is specified properties of
 547                                 the job is shown. By default, empty
 548                                 properties are suppressed. Use
 549                                 <option>--all</option> to show those
 550                                 too. To select specific properties to
 551                                 show use
 552                                 <option>--property=</option>. This
 553                                 command is intended to be used
 554                                 whenever computer-parsable output is
 555                                 required. Use
 556                                 <command>status</command> if you are
 557                                 looking for formatted human-readable
 558                                 output.</para></listitem>
 559                         </varlistentry>
 560
 561                         <varlistentry>
 562                                 <term><command>reset-failed [NAME...]</command></term>
 563
 564                                 <listitem><para>Reset the
 565                                 '<literal>failed</literal>' state of the
 566                                 specified units, or if no unit name is
 567                                 passed of all units. When a unit fails
 568                                 in some way (i.e. process exiting with
 569                                 non-zero error code, terminating
 570                                 abnormally or timing out) it will
 571                                 automatically enter the
 572                                 '<literal>failed</literal>' state and
 573                                 its exit code and status is recorded
 574                                 for introspection by the administrator
 575                                 until the service is restarted or
 576                                 reset with this
 577                                 command.</para></listitem>
 578                         </varlistentry>
 579
 580                         <varlistentry>
 581                                 <term><command>enable [NAME...]</command></term>
 582
 583                                 <listitem><para>Enable one or more
 584                                 unit files, as specified on the
 585                                 command line. This will create a
 586                                 number of symlinks as encoded in the
 587                                 <literal>[Install]</literal> sections
 588                                 of the unit files. After the symlinks
 589                                 have been created the systemd
 590                                 configuration is reloaded (in a way
 591                                 that is equivalent to
 592                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>) to
 593                                 ensure the changes are taken into
 594                                 account immediately. Note that this
 595                                 does not have the effect that any of
 596                                 the units enabled are also started at
 597                                 the same time. If this is desired a
 598                                 separate <command>start</command>
 599                                 command must be invoked for the
 600                                 unit.</para>
 601
 602                                 <para>This command will
 603                                 print the actions executed. This
 604                                 output may be suppressed by passing
 605                                 <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
 606
 607                                 <para>Note that this operation creates
 608                                 only the suggested symlinks for the
 609                                 units. While this command is the
 610                                 recommended way to manipulate the unit
 611                                 configuration directory, the
 612                                 administrator is free to make
 613                                 additional changes manually, by
 614                                 placing or removing symlinks in the
 615                                 directory. This is particularly useful
 616                                 to create configurations that deviate
 617                                 from the suggested default
 618                                 installation. In this case the
 619                                 administrator must make sure to invoke
 620                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>
 621                                 manually as necessary, to ensure his
 622                                 changes are taken into account.</para>
 623
 624                                 <para>Enabling units should not be
 625                                 confused with starting (activating)
 626                                 units, as done by the
 627                                 <command>start</command>
 628                                 command. Enabling and starting units
 629                                 is orthogonal: units may be enabled
 630                                 without being started and started
 631                                 without being enabled. Enabling simply
 632                                 hooks the unit into various suggested
 633                                 places (for example, so that the unit
 634                                 is automatically started on boot or
 635                                 when a particular kind of hardware is
 636                                 plugged in). Starting actually spawns
 637                                 the daemon process (in case of service
 638                                 units), or binds the socket (in case
 639                                 of socket units), and so
 640                                 on.</para>
 641
 642                                 <para>Depending on whether
 643                                 <option>--system</option>,
 644                                 <option>--user</option> or
 645                                 <option>--global</option> is specified
 646                                 this enables the unit for the system,
 647                                 for the calling user only
 648                                 or for all future logins of all
 649                                 users. Note that in the latter case no
 650                                 systemd daemon configuration is
 651                                 reloaded.</para>
 652                                 </listitem>
 653                         </varlistentry>
 654
 655                         <varlistentry>
 656                                 <term><command>disable [NAME...]</command></term>
 657
 658                                 <listitem><para>Disables one or more
 659                                 units. This removes all symlinks to
 660                                 the specified unit files from the unit
 661                                 configuration directory, and hence
 662                                 undoes the changes made by
 663                                 <command>enable</command>. Note
 664                                 however that this by default removes
 665                                 all symlinks to the unit files
 666                                 (i.e. including manual additions), not
 667                                 just those actually created by
 668                                 <command>enable</command>. If only the
 669                                 symlinks that are suggested by default
 670                                 shall be removed, pass
 671                                 <option>--defaults</option>. This
 672                                 implicitly reloads the systemd daemon
 673                                 configuration after completing the
 674                                 disabling of the units. Note that this
 675                                 command does not implicitly stop the
 676                                 units that is being disabled. If this
 677                                 is desired an additional
 678                                 <command>stop</command>command should
 679                                 be executed afterwards.</para>
 680
 681                                 <para>This command will print the
 682                                 actions executed. This output may be
 683                                 suppressed by passing
 684                                 <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
 685                                 </listitem>
 686
 687                                 <para>This command honors
 688                                 <option>--system</option>,
 689                                 <option>--user</option>,
 690                                 <option>--global</option> in a similar
 691                                 way as
 692                                 <command>enable</command>.</para>
 693                         </varlistentry>
 694
 695                         <varlistentry>
 696                                 <term><command>is-enabled [NAME...]</command></term>
 697
 698                                 <listitem><para>Checks whether any of
 699                                 the specified unit files is enabled
 700                                 (as with
 701                                 <command>enable</command>). Returns an
 702                                 exit code of 0 if at least one is
 703                                 enabled, non-zero
 704                                 otherwise.</para></listitem>
 705                         </varlistentry>
 706
 707                         <varlistentry>
 708                                 <term><command>load [NAME...]</command></term>
 709
 710                                 <listitem><para>Load one or more units
 711                                 specified on the command line. This
 712                                 will simply load their configuration
 713                                 from disk, but not start them. To
 714                                 start them you need to use the
 715                                 <command>start</command> command which
 716                                 will implicitly load a unit that has
 717                                 not been loaded yet. Note that systemd
 718                                 garbage collects loaded units that are
 719                                 not active or referenced by an active
 720                                 unit. This means that units loaded
 721                                 this way will usually not stay loaded
 722                                 for long. Also note that this command
 723                                 cannot be used to reload unit
 724                                 configuration. Use the
 725                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>
 726                                 command for that. All in all, this
 727                                 command is of little use except for
 728                                 debugging.</para>
 729                                 <para>This command should not be
 730                                 confused with the
 731                                 <command>daemon-reload</command> or
 732                                 <command>reload</command>
 733                                 commands.</para></listitem>
 734                         </varlistentry>
 735                         <varlistentry>
 736                                 <term><command>list-jobs</command></term>
 737
 738                                 <listitem><para>List jobs that are in progress.</para></listitem>
 739                         </varlistentry>
 740                         <varlistentry>
 741                                 <term><command>cancel [JOB...]</command></term>
 742
 743                                 <listitem><para>Cancel one or more
 744                                 jobs specified on the command line by
 745                                 their numeric job
 746                                 IDs. If no job id is specified, cancel all pending jobs.</para></listitem>
 747                         </varlistentry>
 748                         <varlistentry>
 749                                 <term><command>monitor</command></term>
 750
 751                                 <listitem><para>Monitor unit/job
 752                                 changes. This is mostly useful for
 753                                 debugging purposes and prints a line
 754                                 each time systemd loads or unloads a
 755                                 unit configuration file, or a unit
 756                                 property changes.</para></listitem>
 757                         </varlistentry>
 758                         <varlistentry>
 759                                 <term><command>dump</command></term>
 760
 761                                 <listitem><para>Dump server
 762                                 status. This will output a (usually
 763                                 very long) human readable manager
 764                                 status dump. Its format is subject to
 765                                 change without notice and should not
 766                                 be parsed by
 767                                 applications.</para></listitem>
 768                         </varlistentry>
 769                         <varlistentry>
 770                                 <term><command>dot</command></term>
 771
 772                                 <listitem><para>Generate textual
 773                                 dependency graph description in dot
 774                                 format for further processing with the
 775                                 GraphViz
 776                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 777                                 tool. Use a command line like
 778                                 <command>systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg >
 779                                 systemd.svg</command> to generate a
 780                                 graphical dependency tree. Unless
 781                                 <option>--order</option> or
 782                                 <option>--require</option> is passed
 783                                 the generated graph will show both
 784                                 ordering and requirement
 785                                 dependencies.</para></listitem>
 786                         </varlistentry>
 787                         <varlistentry>
 788                                 <term><command>snapshot [NAME]</command></term>
 789
 790                                 <listitem><para>Create a snapshot. If
 791                                 a snapshot name is specified, the new
 792                                 snapshot will be named after it. If
 793                                 none is specified an automatic
 794                                 snapshot name is generated. In either
 795                                 case, the snapshot name used is
 796                                 printed to STDOUT, unless
 797                                 <option>--quiet</option> is
 798                                 specified.</para>
 799
 800                                 <para>A snapshot refers to a saved
 801                                 state of the systemd manager. It is
 802                                 implemented itself as a unit that is
 803                                 generated dynamically with this
 804                                 command and has dependencies on all
 805                                 units active at the time. At a later
 806                                 time the user may return to this state
 807                                 by using the
 808                                 <command>isolate</command> command on
 809                                 the snapshot unit.</para></listitem>
 810
 811                                 <para>Snapshots are only useful for
 812                                 saving and restoring which units are
 813                                 running or are stopped, they do not
 814                                 save/restore any other
 815                                 state. Snapshots are dynamic and lost
 816                                 on reboot.</para>
 817                         </varlistentry>
 818                         <varlistentry>
 819                                 <term><command>delete [NAME...]</command></term>
 820
 821                                 <listitem><para>Remove a snapshot
 822                                 previously created with
 823                                 <command>snapshot</command>.</para></listitem>
 824                         </varlistentry>
 825                         <varlistentry>
 826                                 <term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
 827
 828                                 <listitem><para>Reload systemd manager
 829                                 configuration. This will reload all
 830                                 unit files and recreate the entire
 831                                 dependency tree. While the daemon is
 832                                 reloaded, all sockets systemd listens
 833                                 on on behalf of user configuration will
 834                                 stay accessible.</para> <para>This
 835                                 command should not be confused with
 836                                 the <command>load</command> or
 837                                 <command>reload</command>
 838                                 commands.</para></listitem>
 839                         </varlistentry>
 840                         <varlistentry>
 841                                 <term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
 842
 843                                 <listitem><para>Reexecute the systemd
 844                                 manager. This will serialize the
 845                                 manager state, reexecute the process
 846                                 and deserialize the state again. This
 847                                 command is of little use except for
 848                                 debugging and package
 849                                 upgrades. Sometimes it might be
 850                                 helpful as a heavy-weight
 851                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>. While
 852                                 the daemon is reexecuted all sockets
 853                                 systemd listens on on behalf of user
 854                                 configuration will stay
 855                                 accessible.</para></listitem>
 856                         </varlistentry>
 857                         <varlistentry>
 858                                 <term><command>show-environment</command></term>
 859
 860                                 <listitem><para>Dump the systemd
 861                                 manager environment block. The
 862                                 environment block will be dumped in
 863                                 straight-forward form suitable for
 864                                 sourcing into a shell script. This
 865                                 environment block will be passed to
 866                                 all processes the manager
 867                                 spawns.</para></listitem>
 868                         </varlistentry>
 869                         <varlistentry>
 870                                 <term><command>set-environment [NAME=VALUE...]</command></term>
 871
 872                                 <listitem><para>Set one or more
 873                                 systemd manager environment variables,
 874                                 as specified on the command
 875                                 line.</para></listitem>
 876                         </varlistentry>
 877                         <varlistentry>
 878                                 <term><command>unset-environment [NAME...]</command></term>
 879
 880                                 <listitem><para>Unset one or more
 881                                 systemd manager environment
 882                                 variables. If only a variable name is
 883                                 specified it will be removed
 884                                 regardless of its value. If a variable
 885                                 and a value are specified the variable
 886                                 is only removed if it has the
 887                                 specified value.</para></listitem>
 888                         </varlistentry>
 889                         <varlistentry>
 890                                 <term><command>default</command></term>
 891
 892                                 <listitem><para>Enter default
 893                                 mode. This is mostly equivalent to
 894                                 <command>start
 895                                 default.target</command>.</para></listitem>
 896                         </varlistentry>
 897                         <varlistentry>
 898                                 <term><command>rescue</command></term>
 899
 900                                 <listitem><para>Enter rescue
 901                                 mode. This is mostly equivalent to
 902                                 <command>isolate
 903                                 rescue.target</command> but also
 904                                 prints a wall message to all
 905                                 users.</para></listitem>
 906                         </varlistentry>
 907                         <varlistentry>
 908                                 <term><command>emergency</command></term>
 909
 910                                 <listitem><para>Enter emergency
 911                                 mode. This is mostly equivalent to
 912                                 <command>isolate
 913                                 emergency.target</command> but also
 914                                 prints a wall message to all
 915                                 users.</para></listitem>
 916                         </varlistentry>
 917                         <varlistentry>
 918                                 <term><command>halt</command></term>
 919
 920                                 <listitem><para>Shut down and halt the
 921                                 system. This is mostly equivalent to
 922                                 <command>start halt.target</command>
 923                                 but also prints a wall message to all
 924                                 users.  If
 925                                 combined with <option>--force</option>
 926                                 shutdown of all running services is
 927                                 skipped, however all processes are killed
 928                                 and all file systems are unmounted or
 929                                 mounted read-only, immediately
 930                                 followed by the
 931                                 system halt.</para></listitem>
 932                         </varlistentry>
 933                         <varlistentry>
 934                                 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
 935
 936                                 <listitem><para>Shut down and
 937                                 power-off the system. This is mostly
 938                                 equivalent to <command>start
 939                                 poweroff.target</command> but also
 940                                 prints a wall message to all
 941                                 users. If
 942                                 combined with <option>--force</option>
 943                                 shutdown of all running services is
 944                                 skipped, however all processes are killed
 945                                 and all file systems are unmounted or
 946                                 mounted read-only, immediately
 947                                 followed by the
 948                                 powering off.</para></listitem>
 949                         </varlistentry>
 950                         <varlistentry>
 951                                 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
 952
 953                                 <listitem><para>Shut down and
 954                                 reboot the system. This is mostly
 955                                 equivalent to <command>start
 956                                 reboot.target</command> but also
 957                                 prints a wall message to all
 958                                 users. If
 959                                 combined with <option>--force</option>
 960                                 shutdown of all running services is
 961                                 skipped, however all processes are killed
 962                                 and all file systems are unmounted or
 963                                 mounted read-only, immediately
 964                                 followed by the
 965                                 reboot.</para></listitem>
 966                         </varlistentry>
 967                         <varlistentry>
 968                                 <term><command>kexec</command></term>
 969
 970                                 <listitem><para>Shut down and reboot
 971                                 the system via kexec. This is mostly
 972                                 equivalent to <command>start
 973                                 kexec.target</command> but also prints
 974                                 a wall message to all users. If
 975                                 combined with <option>--force</option>
 976                                 shutdown of all running services is
 977                                 skipped, however all processes are killed
 978                                 and all file systems are unmounted or
 979                                 mounted read-only, immediately
 980                                 followed by the
 981                                 reboot.</para></listitem>
 982                         </varlistentry>
 983                         <varlistentry>
 984                                 <term><command>exit</command></term>
 985
 986                                 <listitem><para>Ask the systemd
 987                                 manager to quit. This is only
 988                                 supported for user service managers
 989                                 (i.e. in conjunction with the
 990                                 <option>--user</option> option) and
 991                                 will fail otherwise.</para></listitem>
 992                         </varlistentry>
 993                 </variablelist>
 994
 995         </refsect1>
 996
 997         <refsect1>
 998                 <title>Exit status</title>
 999
1000                 <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
1001                 code otherwise.</para>
1002         </refsect1>
1003
1004         <refsect1>
1005                 <title>See Also</title>
1006                 <para>
1007                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1008                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1009                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1010                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1011                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
1012                 </para>
1013         </refsect1>
1014
1015 </refentry>