man/systemctl.xml

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   2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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   6   This file is part of systemd.
   7
   8   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   9
  10   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  11   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  12   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  13   (at your option) any later version.
  14
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  18   General Public License for more details.
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  21   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemctl">
  25
  26         <refentryinfo>
  27                 <title>systemctl</title>
  28                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30                 <authorgroup>
  31                         <author>
  32                                 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33                                 <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
  34                                 <surname>Poettering</surname>
  35                                 <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
  36                         </author>
  37                 </authorgroup>
  38         </refentryinfo>
  39
  40         <refmeta>
  41                 <refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle>
  42                 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  43         </refmeta>
  44
  45         <refnamediv>
  46                 <refname>systemctl</refname>
  47                 <refpurpose>Control the systemd system and service manager</refpurpose>
  48         </refnamediv>
  49
  50         <refsynopsisdiv>
  51                 <cmdsynopsis>
  52                         <command>systemctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">NAME</arg></command>
  53                 </cmdsynopsis>
  54         </refsynopsisdiv>
  55
  56         <refsect1>
  57                 <title>Description</title>
  58
  59                 <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to
  60                 introspect and control the state of the
  61                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
  62                 system and service manager.</para>
  63         </refsect1>
  64
  65         <refsect1>
  66                 <title>Options</title>
  67
  68                 <para>The following options are understood:</para>
  69
  70                 <variablelist>
  71                         <varlistentry>
  72                                 <term><option>--help</option></term>
  73                                 <term><option>-h</option></term>
  74
  75                                 <listitem><para>Prints a short help
  76                                 text and exits.</para></listitem>
  77                         </varlistentry>
  78
  79                         <varlistentry>
  80                                 <term><option>--version</option></term>
  81
  82                                 <listitem><para>Prints a short version
  83                                 string and exits.</para></listitem>
  84                         </varlistentry>
  85
  86                         <varlistentry>
  87                                 <term><option>--type=</option></term>
  88                                 <term><option>-t</option></term>
  89
  90                                 <listitem><para>When listing units,
  91                                 limit display to certain unit
  92                                 types. If not specified units of all
  93                                 types will be shown. The argument
  94                                 should be a unit type name such as
  95                                 <option>service</option>,
  96                                 <option>socket</option> and
  97                                 similar.</para></listitem>
  98                         </varlistentry>
  99
 100                         <varlistentry>
 101                                 <term><option>--property=</option></term>
 102                                 <term><option>-p</option></term>
 103
 104                                 <listitem><para>When showing
 105                                 unit/job/manager information, limit
 106                                 display to certain properties as
 107                                 specified as argument. If not
 108                                 specified all set properties are
 109                                 shown. The argument should be a
 110                                 property name, such as
 111                                 <literal>MainPID</literal>. If
 112                                 specified more than once all
 113                                 properties with the specified names
 114                                 are shown.</para></listitem>
 115                         </varlistentry>
 116
 117                         <varlistentry>
 118                                 <term><option>--all</option></term>
 119                                 <term><option>-a</option></term>
 120
 121                                 <listitem><para>When listing units,
 122                                 show all units, regardless of their
 123                                 state, including inactive units. When
 124                                 showing unit/job/manager information,
 125                                 show all properties regardless whether
 126                                 they are set or not.</para></listitem>
 127                         </varlistentry>
 128
 129                         <varlistentry>
 130                                 <term><option>--full</option></term>
 131
 132                                 <listitem><para>Do not ellipsize unit
 133                                 names and truncate unit descriptions
 134                                 in the output of
 135                                 <command>list-units</command> and
 136                                 <command>list-jobs</command>.</para></listitem>
 137                         </varlistentry>
 138
 139                         <varlistentry>
 140                                 <term><option>--fail</option></term>
 141
 142                                 <listitem><para>If the requested
 143                                 operation conflicts with a pending
 144                                 unfinished job, fail the command. If
 145                                 this is not specified the requested
 146                                 operation will replace the pending job,
 147                                 if necessary.</para></listitem>
 148                         </varlistentry>
 149
 150                         <varlistentry>
 151                                 <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
 152                                 <term><option>-q</option></term>
 153
 154                                 <listitem><para>Suppress output to
 155                                 STDOUT in
 156                                 <command>snapshot</command>,
 157                                 <command>is-active</command>,
 158                                 <command>enable</command> and
 159                                 <command>disable</command>.</para></listitem>
 160                         </varlistentry>
 161
 162                         <varlistentry>
 163                                 <term><option>--no-block</option></term>
 164
 165                                 <listitem><para>Do not synchronously wait for
 166                                 the requested operation to finish. If this is
 167                                 not specified the job will be verified,
 168                                 enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will
 169                                 wait until it is completed. By passing this
 170                                 argument it is only verified and
 171                                 enqueued.</para></listitem> </varlistentry>
 172
 173                         <varlistentry>
 174                                 <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
 175
 176                                 <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
 177                                 pager.</para></listitem>
 178                         </varlistentry>
 179
 180                         <varlistentry>
 181                                 <term><option>--system</option></term>
 182
 183                                 <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
 184                                 system manager. (Default)</para></listitem>
 185                         </varlistentry>
 186
 187                         <varlistentry>
 188                                 <term><option>--user</option></term>
 189
 190                                 <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
 191                                 manager of the calling user.</para></listitem>
 192                         </varlistentry>
 193
 194                         <varlistentry>
 195                                 <term><option>--order</option></term>
 196                                 <term><option>--require</option></term>
 197
 198                                 <listitem><para>When used in
 199                                 conjunction with the
 200                                 <command>dot</command> command (see
 201                                 below), selects which dependencies are
 202                                 shown in the dependency graph. If
 203                                 <option>--order</option> is passed
 204                                 only dependencies of type
 205                                 <varname>After=</varname> or
 206                                 <varname>Before=</varname> are
 207                                 shown. If <option>--require</option>
 208                                 is passed only dependencies of type
 209                                 <varname>Requires=</varname>,
 210                                 <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,
 211                                 <varname>Requisite=</varname>,
 212                                 <varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname>,
 213                                 <varname>Wants=</varname> and
 214                                 <varname>Conflicts=</varname> are
 215                                 shown. If neither is passed, shows
 216                                 dependencies of all these
 217                                 types.</para></listitem>
 218                         </varlistentry>
 219
 220                         <varlistentry>
 221                                 <term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
 222
 223                                 <listitem><para>Don't send wall
 224                                 message before
 225                                 halt, power-off, reboot.</para></listitem>
 226                         </varlistentry>
 227
 228                         <varlistentry>
 229                                 <term><option>--global</option></term>
 230
 231                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 232                                 <command>enable</command> and
 233                                 <command>disable</command>, operate on the
 234                                 global user configuration
 235                                 directory, thus enabling or disabling
 236                                 a unit file globally for all future
 237                                 logins of all users.</para></listitem>
 238                         </varlistentry>
 239
 240                         <varlistentry>
 241                                 <term><option>--no-reload</option></term>
 242
 243                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 244                                 <command>enable</command> and
 245                                 <command>disable</command>, do not
 246                                 implicitly reload daemon configuration
 247                                 after executing the
 248                                 changes.</para></listitem>
 249                         </varlistentry>
 250
 251                         <varlistentry>
 252                                 <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
 253
 254                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 255                                 <command>start</command> and related
 256                                 commands, disables asking for
 257                                 passwords. Background services may
 258                                 require input of a password or
 259                                 passphrase string, for example to
 260                                 unlock system hard disks or
 261                                 cryptographic certificates. Unless
 262                                 this option is specified and the
 263                                 command is invoked from a terminal
 264                                 <command>systemctl</command> will
 265                                 query the user on the terminal for the
 266                                 necessary secrets. Use this option to
 267                                 switch this behavior off. In this
 268                                 case the password must be supplied by
 269                                 some other means (for example
 270                                 graphical password agents) or the
 271                                 service might fail.</para></listitem>
 272                         </varlistentry>
 273
 274                         <varlistentry>
 275                                 <term><option>--kill-mode=</option></term>
 276
 277                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 278                                 <command>kill</command>, choose the
 279                                 mode how to kill the selected
 280                                 processes. Must be one of
 281                                 <option>control-group</option>,
 282                                 <option>process-group</option> or
 283                                 <option>process</option> to select
 284                                 whether to kill the entire control
 285                                 group, the process group or only the
 286                                 selected process itself. If omitted
 287                                 defaults to
 288                                 <option>control-group</option> if
 289                                 <option>--kill-who=all</option> is
 290                                 set, or <option>process</option>
 291                                 otherwise. You probably never need to
 292                                 use this switch.</para></listitem>
 293                         </varlistentry>
 294
 295                         <varlistentry>
 296                                 <term><option>--kill-who=</option></term>
 297
 298                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 299                                 <command>kill</command>, choose which
 300                                 processes to kill. Must be one of
 301                                 <option>main</option>,
 302                                 <option>control</option> or
 303                                 <option>all</option> to select whether
 304                                 to kill only the main process of the
 305                                 unit, the control process or all
 306                                 processes of the unit. If omitted
 307                                 defaults to
 308                                 <option>all</option>.</para></listitem>
 309                         </varlistentry>
 310
 311                         <varlistentry>
 312                                 <term><option>--signal=</option></term>
 313                                 <term><option>-s</option></term>
 314
 315                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 316                                 <command>kill</command>, choose which
 317                                 signal to send to selected
 318                                 processes. Must be one of the well
 319                                 known signal specifiers such as
 320                                 SIGTERM, SIGINT or SIGSTOP. If
 321                                 omitted defaults to
 322                                 <option>SIGTERM</option>.</para></listitem>
 323                         </varlistentry>
 324
 325                         <varlistentry>
 326                                 <term><option>--force</option></term>
 327                                 <term><option>-f</option></term>
 328
 329                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 330                                 <command>enable</command>, override any
 331                                 existing conflicting
 332                                 symlinks.</para></listitem>
 333
 334                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 335                                 <command>halt</command>,
 336                                 <command>poweroff</command>,
 337                                 <command>reboot</command> or
 338                                 <command>kexec</command> execute
 339                                 selected operation without shutting
 340                                 down all units. However, all processes
 341                                 will be killed forcibly and all file
 342                                 systems are unmounted or remounted
 343                                 read-only. This is hence a drastic but
 344                                 relatively safe option to request an
 345                                 immediate reboot.</para></listitem>
 346                         </varlistentry>
 347
 348                         <varlistentry>
 349                                 <term><option>--defaults</option></term>
 350
 351                                 <listitem><para>When used with
 352                                 <command>disable</command>, ensures
 353                                 that only the symlinks created by
 354                                 <command>enable</command> are removed,
 355                                 not all symlinks pointing to the unit
 356                                 file that shall be
 357                                 disabled.</para></listitem>
 358                         </varlistentry>
 359                 </variablelist>
 360
 361                 <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
 362
 363                 <variablelist>
 364                         <varlistentry>
 365                                 <term><command>list-units</command></term>
 366
 367                                 <listitem><para>List known units.</para></listitem>
 368                         </varlistentry>
 369                         <varlistentry>
 370                                 <term><command>start [NAME...]</command></term>
 371
 372                                 <listitem><para>Start (activate) one
 373                                 or more units specified on the command
 374                                 line.</para></listitem>
 375                         </varlistentry>
 376                         <varlistentry>
 377                                 <term><command>stop [NAME...]</command></term>
 378
 379                                 <listitem><para>Stop (deactivate) one
 380                                 or more units specified on the command
 381                                 line.</para></listitem>
 382                         </varlistentry>
 383                         <varlistentry>
 384                                 <term><command>reload [NAME...]</command></term>
 385
 386                                 <listitem><para>Asks all units listed
 387                                 on the command line to reload their
 388                                 configuration. Note that this will
 389                                 reload the service-specific
 390                                 configuration, not the unit
 391                                 configuration file of systemd. If you
 392                                 want systemd to reload the
 393                                 configuration file of a unit use the
 394                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>
 395                                 command. In other words: for the
 396                                 example case of Apache, this will
 397                                 reload Apache's
 398                                 <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the
 399                                 web server, not the
 400                                 <filename>apache.service</filename>
 401                                 systemd unit file. </para>
 402
 403                                 <para>This command should not be
 404                                 confused with the
 405                                 <command>daemon-reload</command> or
 406                                 <command>load</command>
 407                                 commands.</para></listitem>
 408
 409                         </varlistentry>
 410                         <varlistentry>
 411                                 <term><command>restart [NAME...]</command></term>
 412
 413                                 <listitem><para>Restart one or more
 414                                 units specified on the command
 415                                 line. If the units are not running yet
 416                                 they will be
 417                                 started.</para></listitem>
 418                         </varlistentry>
 419                         <varlistentry>
 420                                 <term><command>try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
 421
 422                                 <listitem><para>Restart one or more
 423                                 units specified on the command
 424                                 line. If the units are not running yet
 425                                 the operation will
 426                                 fail. Note that for compatibility
 427                                 with Red Hat init scripts
 428                                 <command>condrestart</command> is
 429                                 equivalent to this command.</para></listitem>
 430                         </varlistentry>
 431                         <varlistentry>
 432                                 <term><command>reload-or-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
 433
 434                                 <listitem><para>Reload one or more
 435                                 units if they support it. If not,
 436                                 restart them instead. If the units
 437                                 are not running yet they will be
 438                                 started.</para></listitem>
 439                         </varlistentry>
 440                         <varlistentry>
 441                                 <term><command>reload-or-try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
 442
 443                                 <listitem><para>Reload one or more
 444                                 units if they support it. If not,
 445                                 restart them instead. If the units
 446                                 are not running yet the operation
 447                                 will fail. Note that for
 448                                 compatibility with SysV init scripts
 449                                 <command>force-reload</command> is
 450                                 equivalent to this command.</para></listitem>
 451                         </varlistentry>
 452                         <varlistentry>
 453                                 <term><command>isolate [NAME]</command></term>
 454
 455                                 <listitem><para>Start the unit
 456                                 specified on the command line and its
 457                                 dependencies and stop all others.</para>
 458
 459                                 <para>This is similar to changing the
 460                                 runlevel in a traditional init system. The
 461                                 <command>isolate</command> command will
 462                                 immediately stop processes that are not
 463                                 enabled in the new unit, possibly including
 464                                 the graphical environment or terminal you
 465                                 are currently using.</para>
 466
 467                                 <para>Note that this works only on units
 468                                 where <option>AllowIsolate=</option> is
 469                                 enabled. See
 470                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 471                                 for details.</para></listitem>
 472                         </varlistentry>
 473                         <varlistentry>
 474                                 <term><command>kill [NAME...]</command></term>
 475
 476                                 <listitem><para>Send a signal to one
 477                                 or more processes of the unit. Use
 478                                 <option>--kill-who=</option> to select
 479                                 which process to kill. Use
 480                                 <option>--kill-mode=</option> to
 481                                 select the kill mode and
 482                                 <option>--signal=</option> to select
 483                                 the signal to send.</para></listitem>
 484                         </varlistentry>
 485                         <varlistentry>
 486                                 <term><command>is-active [NAME...]</command></term>
 487
 488                                 <listitem><para>Check whether any of
 489                                 the specified units are active
 490                                 (i.e. running). Returns an exit code
 491                                 0 if at least one is active, non-zero
 492                                 otherwise. Unless
 493                                 <option>--quiet</option> is specified
 494                                 this will also print the current unit
 495                                 state to STDOUT.</para></listitem>
 496                         </varlistentry>
 497                         <varlistentry>
 498                                 <term><command>status [NAME...|PID...]</command></term>
 499
 500                                 <listitem><para>Show terse runtime
 501                                 status information about one or more
 502                                 units. This function is intended to
 503                                 generate human-readable output. If you
 504                                 are looking for computer-parsable
 505                                 output, use <command>show</command>
 506                                 instead. If a PID is passed
 507                                 information about the unit the process
 508                                 of the PID belongs to is
 509                                 shown.</para></listitem>
 510                         </varlistentry>
 511                         <varlistentry>
 512                                 <term><command>show [NAME...|JOB...]</command></term>
 513
 514                                 <listitem><para>Show properties of one
 515                                 or more units, jobs or the manager
 516                                 itself. If no argument is specified
 517                                 properties of the manager will be
 518                                 shown. If a unit name is specified
 519                                 properties of the unit is shown, and
 520                                 if a job id is specified properties of
 521                                 the job is shown. By default, empty
 522                                 properties are suppressed. Use
 523                                 <option>--all</option> to show those
 524                                 too. To select specific properties to
 525                                 show use
 526                                 <option>--property=</option>. This
 527                                 command is intended to be used
 528                                 whenever computer-parsable output is
 529                                 required. Use
 530                                 <command>status</command> if you are
 531                                 looking for formatted human-readable
 532                                 output.</para></listitem>
 533                         </varlistentry>
 534
 535                         <varlistentry>
 536                                 <term><command>reset-failed [NAME...]</command></term>
 537
 538                                 <listitem><para>Reset the
 539                                 '<literal>failed</literal>' state of the
 540                                 specified units, or if no unit name is
 541                                 passed of all units. When a unit fails
 542                                 in some way (i.e. process exiting with
 543                                 non-zero error code, terminating
 544                                 abnormally or timing out) it will
 545                                 automatically enter the
 546                                 '<literal>failed</literal>' state and
 547                                 its exit code and status is recorded
 548                                 for introspection by the administrator
 549                                 until the service is restarted or
 550                                 reset with this
 551                                 command.</para></listitem>
 552                         </varlistentry>
 553
 554                         <varlistentry>
 555                                 <term><command>enable [NAME...]</command></term>
 556
 557                                 <listitem><para>Enable one or more
 558                                 unit files, as specified on the
 559                                 command line. This will create a
 560                                 number of symlinks as encoded in the
 561                                 <literal>[Install]</literal> sections
 562                                 of the unit files. After the symlinks
 563                                 have been created the systemd
 564                                 configuration is reloaded (in a way
 565                                 that is equivalent to
 566                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>) to
 567                                 ensure the changes are taken into
 568                                 account immediately. Note that this
 569                                 does not have the effect that any of
 570                                 the units enabled are also started at
 571                                 the same time. If this is desired a
 572                                 separate <command>start</command>
 573                                 command must be invoked for the
 574                                 unit.</para>
 575
 576                                 <para>This command will
 577                                 print the actions executed. This
 578                                 output may be suppressed by passing
 579                                 <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
 580
 581                                 <para>Note that this operation creates
 582                                 only the suggested symlinks for the
 583                                 units. While this command is the
 584                                 recommended way to manipulate the unit
 585                                 configuration directory, the
 586                                 administrator is free to make
 587                                 additional changes manually, by
 588                                 placing or removing symlinks in the
 589                                 directory. This is particularly useful
 590                                 to create configurations that deviate
 591                                 from the suggested default
 592                                 installation. In this case the
 593                                 administrator must make sure to invoke
 594                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>
 595                                 manually as necessary, to ensure his
 596                                 changes are taken into account.</para>
 597
 598                                 <para>Enabling units should not be
 599                                 confused with starting (activating)
 600                                 units, as done by the
 601                                 <command>start</command>
 602                                 command. Enabling and starting units
 603                                 is orthogonal: units may be enabled
 604                                 without being started and started
 605                                 without being enabled. Enabling simply
 606                                 hooks the unit into various suggested
 607                                 places (for example, so that the unit
 608                                 is automatically started on boot or
 609                                 when a particular kind of hardware is
 610                                 plugged in). Starting actually spawns
 611                                 the daemon process (in case of service
 612                                 units), or binds the socket (in case
 613                                 of socket units), and so
 614                                 on.</para>
 615
 616                                 <para>Depending on whether
 617                                 <option>--system</option>,
 618                                 <option>--user</option> or
 619                                 <option>--global</option> is specified
 620                                 this enables the unit for the system,
 621                                 for the calling user only
 622                                 or for all future logins of all
 623                                 users. Note that in the latter case no
 624                                 systemd daemon configuration is
 625                                 reloaded.</para>
 626                                 </listitem>
 627                         </varlistentry>
 628
 629                         <varlistentry>
 630                                 <term><command>disable [NAME...]</command></term>
 631
 632                                 <listitem><para>Disables one or more
 633                                 units. This removes all symlinks to
 634                                 the specified unit files from the unit
 635                                 configuration directory, and hence
 636                                 undoes the changes made by
 637                                 <command>enable</command>. Note
 638                                 however that this by default removes
 639                                 all symlinks to the unit files
 640                                 (i.e. including manual additions), not
 641                                 just those actually created by
 642                                 <command>enable</command>. If only the
 643                                 symlinks that are suggested by default
 644                                 shall be removed, pass
 645                                 <option>--defaults</option>. This
 646                                 implicitly reloads the systemd daemon
 647                                 configuration after completing the
 648                                 disabling of the units. Note that this
 649                                 command does not implicitly stop the
 650                                 units that is being disabled. If this
 651                                 is desired an additional
 652                                 <command>stop</command>command should
 653                                 be executed afterwards.</para>
 654
 655                                 <para>This command will print the
 656                                 actions executed. This output may be
 657                                 suppressed by passing
 658                                 <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
 659                                 </listitem>
 660
 661                                 <para>This command honors
 662                                 <option>--system</option>,
 663                                 <option>--user</option>,
 664                                 <option>--global</option> in a similar
 665                                 way as
 666                                 <command>enable</command>.</para>
 667                         </varlistentry>
 668
 669                         <varlistentry>
 670                                 <term><command>is-enabled [NAME...]</command></term>
 671
 672                                 <listitem><para>Checks whether any of
 673                                 the specified unit files is enabled
 674                                 (as with
 675                                 <command>enable</command>). Returns an
 676                                 exit code of 0 if at least one is
 677                                 enabled, non-zero
 678                                 otherwise.</para></listitem>
 679                         </varlistentry>
 680
 681                         <varlistentry>
 682                                 <term><command>load [NAME...]</command></term>
 683
 684                                 <listitem><para>Load one or more units
 685                                 specified on the command line. This
 686                                 will simply load their configuration
 687                                 from disk, but not start them. To
 688                                 start them you need to use the
 689                                 <command>start</command> command which
 690                                 will implicitly load a unit that has
 691                                 not been loaded yet. Note that systemd
 692                                 garbage collects loaded units that are
 693                                 not active or referenced by an active
 694                                 unit. This means that units loaded
 695                                 this way will usually not stay loaded
 696                                 for long. Also note that this command
 697                                 cannot be used to reload unit
 698                                 configuration. Use the
 699                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>
 700                                 command for that. All in all, this
 701                                 command is of little use except for
 702                                 debugging.</para>
 703                                 <para>This command should not be
 704                                 confused with the
 705                                 <command>daemon-reload</command> or
 706                                 <command>reload</command>
 707                                 commands.</para></listitem>
 708                         </varlistentry>
 709                         <varlistentry>
 710                                 <term><command>list-jobs</command></term>
 711
 712                                 <listitem><para>List jobs that are in progress.</para></listitem>
 713                         </varlistentry>
 714                         <varlistentry>
 715                                 <term><command>cancel [JOB...]</command></term>
 716
 717                                 <listitem><para>Cancel one or more
 718                                 jobs specified on the command line by
 719                                 their numeric job
 720                                 IDs. If no job id is specified, cancel all pending jobs.</para></listitem>
 721                         </varlistentry>
 722                         <varlistentry>
 723                                 <term><command>monitor</command></term>
 724
 725                                 <listitem><para>Monitor unit/job
 726                                 changes. This is mostly useful for
 727                                 debugging purposes and prints a line
 728                                 each time systemd loads or unloads a
 729                                 unit configuration file, or a unit
 730                                 property changes.</para></listitem>
 731                         </varlistentry>
 732                         <varlistentry>
 733                                 <term><command>dump</command></term>
 734
 735                                 <listitem><para>Dump server
 736                                 status. This will output a (usually
 737                                 very long) human readable manager
 738                                 status dump. Its format is subject to
 739                                 change without notice and should not
 740                                 be parsed by
 741                                 applications.</para></listitem>
 742                         </varlistentry>
 743                         <varlistentry>
 744                                 <term><command>dot</command></term>
 745
 746                                 <listitem><para>Generate textual
 747                                 dependency graph description in dot
 748                                 format for further processing with the
 749                                 GraphViz
 750                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 751                                 tool. Use a command line like
 752                                 <command>systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg >
 753                                 systemd.svg</command> to generate a
 754                                 graphical dependency tree. Unless
 755                                 <option>--order</option> or
 756                                 <option>--require</option> is passed
 757                                 the generated graph will show both
 758                                 ordering and requirement
 759                                 dependencies.</para></listitem>
 760                         </varlistentry>
 761                         <varlistentry>
 762                                 <term><command>snapshot [NAME]</command></term>
 763
 764                                 <listitem><para>Create a snapshot. If
 765                                 a snapshot name is specified, the new
 766                                 snapshot will be named after it. If
 767                                 none is specified an automatic
 768                                 snapshot name is generated. In either
 769                                 case, the snapshot name used is
 770                                 printed to STDOUT, unless
 771                                 <option>--quiet</option> is
 772                                 specified.</para>
 773
 774                                 <para>A snapshot refers to a saved
 775                                 state of the systemd manager. It is
 776                                 implemented itself as a unit that is
 777                                 generated dynamically with this
 778                                 command and has dependencies on all
 779                                 units active at the time. At a later
 780                                 time the user may return to this state
 781                                 by using the
 782                                 <command>isolate</command> command on
 783                                 the snapshot unit.</para></listitem>
 784
 785                                 <para>Snapshots are only useful for
 786                                 saving and restoring which units are
 787                                 running or are stopped, they do not
 788                                 save/restore any other
 789                                 state. Snapshots are dynamic and lost
 790                                 on reboot.</para>
 791                         </varlistentry>
 792                         <varlistentry>
 793                                 <term><command>delete [NAME...]</command></term>
 794
 795                                 <listitem><para>Remove a snapshot
 796                                 previously created with
 797                                 <command>snapshot</command>.</para></listitem>
 798                         </varlistentry>
 799                         <varlistentry>
 800                                 <term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
 801
 802                                 <listitem><para>Reload systemd manager
 803                                 configuration. This will reload all
 804                                 unit files and recreate the entire
 805                                 dependency tree. While the daemon is
 806                                 reloaded, all sockets systemd listens
 807                                 on on behalf of user configuration will
 808                                 stay accessible.</para> <para>This
 809                                 command should not be confused with
 810                                 the <command>load</command> or
 811                                 <command>reload</command>
 812                                 commands.</para></listitem>
 813                         </varlistentry>
 814                         <varlistentry>
 815                                 <term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
 816
 817                                 <listitem><para>Reexecute the systemd
 818                                 manager. This will serialize the
 819                                 manager state, reexecute the process
 820                                 and deserialize the state again. This
 821                                 command is of little use except for
 822                                 debugging and package
 823                                 upgrades. Sometimes it might be
 824                                 helpful as a heavy-weight
 825                                 <command>daemon-reload</command>. While
 826                                 the daemon is reexecuted all sockets
 827                                 systemd listens on on behalf of user
 828                                 configuration will stay
 829                                 accessible.</para></listitem>
 830                         </varlistentry>
 831                         <varlistentry>
 832                                 <term><command>show-environment</command></term>
 833
 834                                 <listitem><para>Dump the systemd
 835                                 manager environment block. The
 836                                 environment block will be dumped in
 837                                 straight-forward form suitable for
 838                                 sourcing into a shell script. This
 839                                 environment block will be passed to
 840                                 all processes the manager
 841                                 spawns.</para></listitem>
 842                         </varlistentry>
 843                         <varlistentry>
 844                                 <term><command>set-environment [NAME=VALUE...]</command></term>
 845
 846                                 <listitem><para>Set one or more
 847                                 systemd manager environment variables,
 848                                 as specified on the command
 849                                 line.</para></listitem>
 850                         </varlistentry>
 851                         <varlistentry>
 852                                 <term><command>unset-environment [NAME...]</command></term>
 853
 854                                 <listitem><para>Unset one or more
 855                                 systemd manager environment
 856                                 variables. If only a variable name is
 857                                 specified it will be removed
 858                                 regardless of its value. If a variable
 859                                 and a value are specified the variable
 860                                 is only removed if it has the
 861                                 specified value.</para></listitem>
 862                         </varlistentry>
 863                         <varlistentry>
 864                                 <term><command>default</command></term>
 865
 866                                 <listitem><para>Enter default
 867                                 mode. This is mostly equivalent to
 868                                 <command>start
 869                                 default.target</command>.</para></listitem>
 870                         </varlistentry>
 871                         <varlistentry>
 872                                 <term><command>rescue</command></term>
 873
 874                                 <listitem><para>Enter rescue
 875                                 mode. This is mostly equivalent to
 876                                 <command>isolate
 877                                 rescue.target</command> but also
 878                                 prints a wall message to all
 879                                 users.</para></listitem>
 880                         </varlistentry>
 881                         <varlistentry>
 882                                 <term><command>emergency</command></term>
 883
 884                                 <listitem><para>Enter emergency
 885                                 mode. This is mostly equivalent to
 886                                 <command>isolate
 887                                 emergency.target</command> but also
 888                                 prints a wall message to all
 889                                 users.</para></listitem>
 890                         </varlistentry>
 891                         <varlistentry>
 892                                 <term><command>halt</command></term>
 893
 894                                 <listitem><para>Shut down and halt the
 895                                 system. This is mostly equivalent to
 896                                 <command>start halt.target</command>
 897                                 but also prints a wall message to all
 898                                 users.  If
 899                                 combined with <option>--force</option>
 900                                 shutdown of all running services is
 901                                 skipped, however all processes are killed
 902                                 and all file systems are unmounted or
 903                                 mounted read-only, immediately
 904                                 followed by the
 905                                 system halt.</para></listitem>
 906                         </varlistentry>
 907                         <varlistentry>
 908                                 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
 909
 910                                 <listitem><para>Shut down and
 911                                 power-off the system. This is mostly
 912                                 equivalent to <command>start
 913                                 poweroff.target</command> but also
 914                                 prints a wall message to all
 915                                 users. If
 916                                 combined with <option>--force</option>
 917                                 shutdown of all running services is
 918                                 skipped, however all processes are killed
 919                                 and all file systems are unmounted or
 920                                 mounted read-only, immediately
 921                                 followed by the
 922                                 powering off.</para></listitem>
 923                         </varlistentry>
 924                         <varlistentry>
 925                                 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
 926
 927                                 <listitem><para>Shut down and
 928                                 reboot the system. This is mostly
 929                                 equivalent to <command>start
 930                                 reboot.target</command> but also
 931                                 prints a wall message to all
 932                                 users. If
 933                                 combined with <option>--force</option>
 934                                 shutdown of all running services is
 935                                 skipped, however all processes are killed
 936                                 and all file systems are unmounted or
 937                                 mounted read-only, immediately
 938                                 followed by the
 939                                 reboot.</para></listitem>
 940                         </varlistentry>
 941                         <varlistentry>
 942                                 <term><command>kexec</command></term>
 943
 944                                 <listitem><para>Shut down and reboot
 945                                 the system via kexec. This is mostly
 946                                 equivalent to <command>start
 947                                 kexec.target</command> but also prints
 948                                 a wall message to all users. If
 949                                 combined with <option>--force</option>
 950                                 shutdown of all running services is
 951                                 skipped, however all processes are killed
 952                                 and all file systems are unmounted or
 953                                 mounted read-only, immediately
 954                                 followed by the
 955                                 reboot.</para></listitem>
 956                         </varlistentry>
 957                         <varlistentry>
 958                                 <term><command>exit</command></term>
 959
 960                                 <listitem><para>Ask the systemd
 961                                 manager to quit. This is only
 962                                 supported for user service managers
 963                                 (i.e. in conjunction with the
 964                                 <option>--user</option> option) and
 965                                 will fail otherwise.</para></listitem>
 966                         </varlistentry>
 967                 </variablelist>
 968
 969         </refsect1>
 970
 971         <refsect1>
 972                 <title>Exit status</title>
 973
 974                 <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
 975                 code otherwise.</para>
 976         </refsect1>
 977
 978         <refsect1>
 979                 <title>See Also</title>
 980                 <para>
 981                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 982                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 983                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 984                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 985                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 986                 </para>
 987         </refsect1>
 988
 989 </refentry>