3 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
10 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
11 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
12 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
13 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
15 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
16 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
19 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
20 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
21 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
23 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
24 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
25 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
26 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
27 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
28 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
34 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
35 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
36 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
37 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
38 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
41 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
42 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
43 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
45 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
46 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
49 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
50 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
51 be added to the compat rules file.
53 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
56 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
59 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
60 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
61 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
63 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
64 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
65 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
66 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
72 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
73 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
75 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
76 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
77 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
79 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
83 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
84 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
90 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
91 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
92 exported with the event.
94 Firmware files are looked up in:
95 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
97 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
101 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
102 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
108 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
109 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
110 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
113 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
114 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
115 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
116 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
117 future events, all others get cleaned up.
119 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
120 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
122 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
123 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
124 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
126 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
127 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
129 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
130 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
132 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
134 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
135 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
136 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
142 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
143 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
144 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
145 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
146 can not be used with udev.
148 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
149 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
150 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
151 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
152 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
153 users over to directly use libudev.
154 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
155 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
156 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
159 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
160 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
161 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
162 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
163 format will fail to work correctly.
165 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
166 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
173 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
174 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
175 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
176 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
183 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
184 instead of waiting for "all" events.
190 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
191 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
192 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
193 event handling the watch is restored.
199 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
200 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
201 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
207 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
208 are always updated with a test run now.
210 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
211 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
212 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
218 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
219 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
220 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
221 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
223 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
224 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
225 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
227 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
228 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
229 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
230 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
232 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
233 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
234 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
235 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
236 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
237 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
238 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
239 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
240 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
242 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
243 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
244 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
245 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
246 name in the by-id/ directory.
247 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
248 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
249 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
250 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
252 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
253 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
254 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
255 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
256 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
262 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
269 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
273 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
274 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
275 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
276 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
277 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
279 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
280 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
281 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
283 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
284 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
285 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
286 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
289 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
290 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
291 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
292 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
293 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
294 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
296 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
297 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
298 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
299 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
300 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
301 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
302 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
303 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
304 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
305 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
306 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
307 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
312 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
313 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
317 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
319 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
320 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
321 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
322 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
323 other keys per rule are gone.
325 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
326 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
327 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
328 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
330 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
331 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
332 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
334 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
335 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
341 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
342 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
343 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
344 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
345 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
346 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
350 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
351 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
354 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
355 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
356 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
358 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
361 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
362 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
363 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
369 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
370 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
371 option which is not affected.
373 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
374 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
380 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
381 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
382 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
385 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
386 some deprecated functions are removed.
388 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
389 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
390 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
392 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
393 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
398 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
401 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
403 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
407 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
408 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
410 compile-in verbose debug messages
412 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
414 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
417 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
418 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
419 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
421 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
422 they should be provided by the package.
428 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
429 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
430 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
432 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
433 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
434 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
435 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
438 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
439 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
442 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
443 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
444 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
449 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
455 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
456 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
462 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
465 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
466 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
467 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
468 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
474 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
475 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
476 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
477 udev (and the kernel).
483 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
485 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
486 udevtest are no longer created.
488 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
491 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
492 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
503 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
504 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
510 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
511 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
512 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
513 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
514 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
516 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
517 udevadm in the list of files.
527 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
528 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
529 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
530 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
531 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
532 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
533 in etc/udev/packages/.
539 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
540 actions by dynamically created rules.
542 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
543 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
544 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
546 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
547 program and not record as a failed event.
553 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
559 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
560 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
561 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
562 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
563 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
565 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
566 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
567 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
569 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
570 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
576 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
577 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
578 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
579 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
580 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
582 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
583 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
589 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
599 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
600 from the udev package.
606 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
607 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
608 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
609 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
610 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
611 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
612 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
615 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
616 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
618 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
619 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
620 the devices we are looking for.
622 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
623 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
624 the same SCSI identifiers.
626 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
627 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
628 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
629 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
630 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
631 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
632 that run programs only for the matching events.
642 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
643 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
644 included in the match.
646 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
654 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
655 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
656 storage area of their music players.
660 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
664 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
665 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
666 action that crashes the box.
668 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
669 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
670 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
671 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
672 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
674 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
675 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
680 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
686 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
687 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
689 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
690 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
691 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
694 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
695 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
696 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
697 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
698 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
700 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
701 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
707 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
708 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
709 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
710 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
711 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
713 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
714 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
715 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
716 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
717 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
720 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
721 event device. Instead of:
722 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
724 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
726 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
728 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
730 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
731 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
732 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
733 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
734 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
735 no longer carry this property of a parent and
736 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
737 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
738 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
739 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
740 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
741 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
742 in most cases it will be empty.
744 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
745 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
746 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
747 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
748 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
749 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
750 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
752 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
753 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
754 no database file was created by udev.
756 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
757 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
758 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
762 Bugfixes and small improvements.
766 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
772 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
773 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
777 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
781 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
782 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
790 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
791 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
792 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
793 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
794 fix possibly broken rules.
798 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
799 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
800 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
801 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
805 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
806 also skipped optical IDE drives.
808 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
810 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
811 packaging process and not at build time.
813 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
814 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
815 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
816 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
817 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
821 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
822 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
824 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
825 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
826 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
828 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
829 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
833 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
835 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
839 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
840 events for the same device.
844 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
846 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
851 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
852 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
853 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
854 received the event for.
856 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
861 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
863 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
864 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
865 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
866 the end of the program name to prevent this.
867 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
868 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
869 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
873 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
874 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
875 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
876 included in a package.
878 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
879 the ignore rule was applied.
881 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
882 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
883 should be requested by their subsytem.
885 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
887 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
888 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
890 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
891 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
892 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
893 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
894 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
897 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
898 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
899 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
900 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
901 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
902 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
903 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
904 for changed parent chains.
908 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
909 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
911 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
912 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
914 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
915 to make %b simpler and working again.
919 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
920 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
921 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
922 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
923 change. They will be fixed immediately.
925 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
926 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
927 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
928 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
929 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
931 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
932 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
933 the sysfs "modalias" value.
935 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
939 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
941 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
942 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
944 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
945 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
949 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
950 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
951 mentioned on the hotplug list:
952 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
955 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
959 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
960 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
961 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
965 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
966 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
967 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
968 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
969 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
970 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
972 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
973 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
975 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
976 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
977 still private to udev and can change at any time.
979 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
980 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
981 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
982 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
984 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
985 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
986 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
989 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
990 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
991 before starting the daemon.
995 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
998 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
999 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1003 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1004 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1006 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1007 without any queuing now.
1011 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1012 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1013 version of udev anymore.
1017 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1018 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1019 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1020 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1021 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1023 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1024 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1025 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1026 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1028 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1031 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1035 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1037 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1038 non-writable /tmp directory.
1040 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1041 let's see who can break this again. :)
1043 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1044 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1045 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1046 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1050 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1055 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1056 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1057 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1058 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1059 export it to the filesystem.
1063 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1064 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1069 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1070 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1071 available while we try to run external programs.
1072 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1076 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1077 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1078 grab it from here. :)
1082 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1084 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1085 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1086 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1090 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1092 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1094 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1095 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1100 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1104 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1106 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1107 timing with custom rules.
1111 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1112 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1114 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1115 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1116 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1118 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1126 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1127 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1128 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1129 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1131 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1132 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1133 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1135 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1136 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1137 bypass the driver core.
1139 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1140 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1141 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1142 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1143 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1144 from a rule if needed:
1145 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1146 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1147 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1148 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1149 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1150 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1152 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1153 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1154 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1155 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1157 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1158 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1159 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1161 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1162 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1163 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1164 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1165 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1167 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1168 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1169 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1170 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1173 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1174 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1175 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1176 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1177 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1178 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1179 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1181 The following rules:
1182 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1183 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1186 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1189 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1190 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1192 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1193 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1194 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1196 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1197 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1198 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1199 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1201 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1202 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1203 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1206 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1207 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1208 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1209 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1210 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1211 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1213 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1214 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1215 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1216 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1220 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1221 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1225 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1226 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1227 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1231 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1232 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1234 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1235 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1236 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1237 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1239 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1240 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1241 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1243 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1244 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1246 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1247 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1248 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1249 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1250 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1251 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1252 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1257 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1258 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1259 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1263 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1265 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1266 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1268 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1269 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1271 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1272 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1273 character class negations like:
1274 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1275 this can now be replaced with:
1277 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1278 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1280 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1283 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1284 with every forked event.