13 Persistent network naming rules are disabled inside of Qemu/KVM now.
15 New and updated keymaps.
17 Udev gets unconditionally enabled on systemd installations now. There
18 is no longer the need to to run 'systemctl enable udev.service'.
32 New and fixed keymaps.
34 Install systemd service files if applicable.
40 All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
41 most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
42 older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
43 has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.
49 The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
50 was removed from udevd.
52 Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
53 udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
54 udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
55 udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
56 to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
57 module crashes the system.
59 The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
60 rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.
70 Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
71 - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
72 - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
73 /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
74 - use static node information provided by kernel modules
75 and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
76 - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
77 rules which are annotated to match a static node
79 The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
80 created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
81 given the default will be 0660.
87 Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
88 and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
89 permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
90 As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
91 other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
92 Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
93 still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
94 only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
95 provides for all devices.
99 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
105 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
106 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
107 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
108 events are expected as "add" events.
110 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
111 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
112 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
113 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
115 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
116 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
117 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
118 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
119 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
121 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
122 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
123 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
125 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
126 program should be used instead.
128 New and fixed keymaps.
138 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
139 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
140 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
145 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
151 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
152 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
153 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
154 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
156 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
157 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
160 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
161 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
162 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
164 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
165 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
166 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
167 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
168 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
169 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
175 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
176 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
177 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
178 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
179 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
182 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
183 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
184 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
186 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
187 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
190 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
191 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
192 be added to the compat rules file.
194 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
195 the udevadm commands.
197 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
200 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
201 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
202 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
204 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
205 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
206 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
207 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
213 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
214 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
216 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
217 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
218 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
220 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
224 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
225 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
231 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
232 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
233 exported with the event.
235 Firmware files are looked up in:
236 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
237 /lib/firmware/updates
238 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
242 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
243 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
249 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
250 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
251 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
254 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
255 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
256 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
257 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
258 future events, all others get cleaned up.
260 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
261 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
263 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
264 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
265 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
267 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
268 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
270 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
271 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
273 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
275 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
276 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
277 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
283 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
284 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
285 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
286 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
287 can not be used with udev.
289 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
290 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
291 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
292 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
293 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
294 users over to directly use libudev.
295 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
296 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
297 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
300 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
301 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
302 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
303 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
304 format will fail to work correctly.
306 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
307 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
314 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
315 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
316 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
317 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
324 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
325 instead of waiting for "all" events.
331 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
332 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
333 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
334 event handling the watch is restored.
340 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
341 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
342 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
348 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
349 are always updated with a test run now.
351 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
352 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
353 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
359 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
360 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
361 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
362 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
364 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
365 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
366 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
368 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
369 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
370 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
371 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
373 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
374 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
375 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
376 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
377 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
378 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
379 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
380 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
381 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
383 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
384 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
385 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
386 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
387 name in the by-id/ directory.
388 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
389 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
390 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
391 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
393 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
394 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
395 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
396 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
397 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
403 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
410 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
414 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
415 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
416 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
417 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
418 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
420 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
421 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
422 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
424 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
425 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
426 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
427 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
430 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
431 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
432 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
433 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
434 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
435 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
437 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
438 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
439 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
440 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
441 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
442 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
443 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
444 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
445 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
446 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
447 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
448 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
453 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
454 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
458 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
460 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
461 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
462 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
463 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
464 other keys per rule are gone.
466 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
467 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
468 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
469 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
471 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
472 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
473 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
475 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
476 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
482 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
483 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
484 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
485 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
486 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
487 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
491 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
492 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
495 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
496 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
497 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
499 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
502 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
503 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
504 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
510 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
511 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
512 option which is not affected.
514 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
515 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
521 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
522 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
523 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
526 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
527 some deprecated functions are removed.
529 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
530 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
531 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
533 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
534 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
539 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
542 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
544 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
548 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
549 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
551 compile-in verbose debug messages
553 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
555 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
558 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
559 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
560 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
562 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
563 they should be provided by the package.
569 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
570 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
571 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
573 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
574 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
575 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
576 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
579 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
580 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
583 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
584 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
585 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
590 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
596 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
597 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
603 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
606 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
607 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
608 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
609 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
615 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
616 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
617 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
618 udev (and the kernel).
624 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
626 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
627 udevtest are no longer created.
629 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
632 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
633 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
644 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
645 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
651 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
652 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
653 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
654 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
655 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
657 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
658 udevadm in the list of files.
668 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
669 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
670 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
671 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
672 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
673 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
674 in etc/udev/packages/.
680 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
681 actions by dynamically created rules.
683 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
684 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
685 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
687 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
688 program and not record as a failed event.
694 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
700 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
701 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
702 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
703 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
704 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
706 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
707 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
708 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
710 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
711 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
717 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
718 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
719 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
720 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
721 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
723 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
724 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
730 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
740 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
741 from the udev package.
747 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
748 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
749 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
750 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
751 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
752 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
753 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
756 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
757 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
759 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
760 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
761 the devices we are looking for.
763 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
764 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
765 the same SCSI identifiers.
767 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
768 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
769 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
770 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
771 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
772 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
773 that run programs only for the matching events.
783 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
784 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
785 included in the match.
787 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
795 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
796 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
797 storage area of their music players.
801 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
805 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
806 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
807 action that crashes the box.
809 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
810 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
811 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
812 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
813 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
815 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
816 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
821 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
827 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
828 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
830 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
831 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
832 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
835 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
836 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
837 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
838 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
839 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
841 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
842 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
848 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
849 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
850 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
851 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
852 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
854 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
855 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
856 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
857 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
858 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
861 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
862 event device. Instead of:
863 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
865 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
867 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
869 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
871 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
872 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
873 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
874 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
875 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
876 no longer carry this property of a parent and
877 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
878 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
879 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
880 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
881 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
882 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
883 in most cases it will be empty.
885 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
886 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
887 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
888 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
889 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
890 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
891 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
893 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
894 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
895 no database file was created by udev.
897 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
898 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
899 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
903 Bugfixes and small improvements.
907 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
913 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
914 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
918 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
922 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
923 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
931 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
932 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
933 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
934 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
935 fix possibly broken rules.
939 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
940 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
941 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
942 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
946 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
947 also skipped optical IDE drives.
949 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
951 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
952 packaging process and not at build time.
954 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
955 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
956 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
957 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
958 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
962 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
963 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
965 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
966 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
967 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
969 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
970 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
974 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
976 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
980 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
981 events for the same device.
985 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
987 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
992 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
993 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
994 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
995 received the event for.
997 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
1002 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
1004 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
1005 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
1006 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
1007 the end of the program name to prevent this.
1008 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
1009 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
1010 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
1014 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
1015 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
1016 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
1017 included in a package.
1019 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
1020 the ignore rule was applied.
1022 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
1023 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
1024 should be requested by their subsytem.
1026 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
1028 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
1029 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
1031 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
1032 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
1033 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
1034 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
1035 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
1038 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
1039 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
1040 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
1041 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
1042 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
1043 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
1044 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
1045 for changed parent chains.
1049 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
1050 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
1052 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
1053 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
1055 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
1056 to make %b simpler and working again.
1060 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
1061 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
1062 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
1063 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
1064 change. They will be fixed immediately.
1066 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
1067 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
1068 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
1069 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
1070 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
1072 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
1073 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
1074 the sysfs "modalias" value.
1076 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
1080 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
1082 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
1083 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
1085 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
1086 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
1090 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
1091 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
1092 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1093 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1096 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1100 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1101 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1102 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1106 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1107 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1108 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1109 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1110 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1111 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1113 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1114 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1116 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1117 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1118 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1120 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1121 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1122 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1123 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1125 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1126 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1127 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1130 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1131 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1132 before starting the daemon.
1136 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1139 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1140 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1144 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1145 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1147 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1148 without any queuing now.
1152 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1153 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1154 version of udev anymore.
1158 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1159 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1160 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1161 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1162 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1164 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1165 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1166 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1167 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1169 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1172 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1176 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1178 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1179 non-writable /tmp directory.
1181 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1182 let's see who can break this again. :)
1184 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1185 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1186 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1187 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1191 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1196 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1197 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1198 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1199 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1200 export it to the filesystem.
1204 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1205 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1210 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1211 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1212 available while we try to run external programs.
1213 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1217 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1218 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1219 grab it from here. :)
1223 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1225 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1226 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1227 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1231 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1233 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1235 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1236 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1241 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1245 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1247 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1248 timing with custom rules.
1252 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1253 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1255 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1256 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1257 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1259 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1267 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1268 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1269 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1270 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1272 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1273 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1274 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1276 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1277 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1278 bypass the driver core.
1280 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1281 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1282 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1283 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1284 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1285 from a rule if needed:
1286 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1287 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1288 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1289 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1290 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1291 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1293 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1294 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1295 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1296 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1298 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1299 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1300 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1302 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1303 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1304 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1305 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1306 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1308 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1309 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1310 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1311 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1314 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1315 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1316 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1317 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1318 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1319 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1320 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1322 The following rules:
1323 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1324 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1327 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1330 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1331 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1333 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1334 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1335 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1337 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1338 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1339 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1340 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1342 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1343 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1344 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1347 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1348 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1349 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1350 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1351 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1352 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1354 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1355 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1356 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1357 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1361 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1362 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1366 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1367 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1368 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1372 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1373 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1375 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1376 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1377 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1378 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1380 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1381 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1382 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1384 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1385 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1387 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1388 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1389 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1390 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1391 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1392 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1393 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1398 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1399 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1400 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1404 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1406 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1407 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1409 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1410 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1412 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1413 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1414 character class negations like:
1415 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1416 this can now be replaced with:
1418 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1419 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1421 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1424 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1425 with every forked event.