3 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch". If
4 closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
10 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
11 are always updated with a test run now.
13 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
14 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
15 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
21 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
22 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
23 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
24 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
26 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
27 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
28 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
30 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
31 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
32 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
33 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
35 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
36 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
37 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
38 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
39 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
40 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
41 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
42 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
43 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
45 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
46 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
47 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
48 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
49 name in the by-id/ directory.
50 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
51 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
52 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
53 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
55 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
56 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
57 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
58 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
59 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
65 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
72 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
76 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
77 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
78 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
79 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
80 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
82 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
83 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
84 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
86 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
87 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
88 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
89 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
92 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
93 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
94 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
95 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
96 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
97 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
99 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
100 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
101 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
102 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
103 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
104 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
105 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
106 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
107 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
108 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
109 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
110 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
115 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
116 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
120 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
122 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
123 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
124 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
125 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
126 other keys per rule are gone.
128 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
129 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
130 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
131 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
133 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
134 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
135 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
137 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
138 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
144 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
145 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
146 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
147 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
148 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
149 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
153 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
154 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
157 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
158 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
159 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
161 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
164 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
165 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
166 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
172 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
173 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
174 option which is not affected.
176 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
177 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
183 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
184 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
185 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
188 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
189 some deprecated functions are removed.
191 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
192 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
193 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
195 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
196 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
201 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
204 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
206 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
210 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
211 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
213 compile-in verbose debug messages
215 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
217 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
220 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
221 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
222 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
224 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
225 they should be provided by the package.
231 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
232 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
233 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
235 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
236 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
237 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
238 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
241 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
242 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
245 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
246 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
247 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
252 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
258 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
259 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
265 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
268 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
269 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
270 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
271 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
277 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
278 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
279 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
280 udev (and the kernel).
286 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
288 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
289 udevtest are no longer created.
291 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
294 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
295 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
306 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
307 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
313 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
314 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
315 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
316 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
317 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
319 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
320 udevadm in the list of files.
330 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
331 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
332 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
333 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
334 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
335 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
336 in etc/udev/packages/.
342 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
343 actions by dynamically created rules.
345 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
346 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
347 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
349 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
350 program and not record as a failed event.
356 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
362 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
363 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
364 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
365 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
366 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
368 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
369 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
370 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
372 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
373 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
379 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
380 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
381 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
382 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
383 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
385 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
386 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
392 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
402 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
403 from the udev package.
409 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
410 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
411 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
412 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
413 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
414 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
415 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
418 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
419 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
421 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
422 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
423 the devices we are looking for.
425 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
426 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
427 the same SCSI identifiers.
429 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
430 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
431 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
432 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
433 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
434 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
435 that run programs only for the matching events.
445 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
446 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
447 included in the match.
449 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
457 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
458 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
459 storage area of their music players.
463 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
467 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
468 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
469 action that crashes the box.
471 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
472 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
473 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
474 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
475 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
477 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
478 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
483 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
489 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
490 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
492 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
493 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
494 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
497 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
498 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
499 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
500 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
501 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
503 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
504 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
510 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
511 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
512 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
513 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
514 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
516 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
517 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
518 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
519 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
520 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
523 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
524 event device. Instead of:
525 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
527 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
529 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
531 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
533 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
534 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
535 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
536 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
537 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
538 no longer carry this property of a parent and
539 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
540 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
541 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
542 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
543 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
544 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
545 in most cases it will be empty.
547 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
548 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
549 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
550 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
551 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
552 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
553 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
555 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
556 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
557 no database file was created by udev.
559 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
560 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
561 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
565 Bugfixes and small improvements.
569 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
575 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
576 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
580 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
584 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
585 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
593 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
594 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
595 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
596 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
597 fix possibly broken rules.
601 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
602 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
603 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
604 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
608 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
609 also skipped optical IDE drives.
611 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
613 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
614 packaging process and not at build time.
616 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
617 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
618 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
619 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
620 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
624 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
625 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
627 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
628 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
629 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
631 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
632 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
636 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
638 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
642 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
643 events for the same device.
647 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
649 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
654 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
655 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
656 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
657 received the event for.
659 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
664 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
666 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
667 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
668 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
669 the end of the program name to prevent this.
670 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
671 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
672 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
676 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
677 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
678 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
679 included in a package.
681 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
682 the ignore rule was applied.
684 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
685 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
686 should be requested by their subsytem.
688 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
690 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
691 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
693 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
694 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
695 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
696 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
697 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
700 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
701 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
702 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
703 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
704 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
705 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
706 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
707 for changed parent chains.
711 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
712 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
714 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
715 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
717 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
718 to make %b simpler and working again.
722 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
723 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
724 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
725 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
726 change. They will be fixed immediately.
728 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
729 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
730 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
731 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
732 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
734 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
735 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
736 the sysfs "modalias" value.
738 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
742 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
744 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
745 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
747 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
748 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
752 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
753 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
754 mentioned on the hotplug list:
755 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
758 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
762 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
763 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
764 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
768 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
769 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
770 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
771 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
772 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
773 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
775 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
776 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
778 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
779 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
780 still private to udev and can change at any time.
782 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
783 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
784 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
785 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
787 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
788 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
789 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
792 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
793 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
794 before starting the daemon.
798 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
801 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
802 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
806 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
807 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
809 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
810 without any queuing now.
814 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
815 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
816 version of udev anymore.
820 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
821 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
822 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
823 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
824 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
826 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
827 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
828 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
829 device removal and the udev database will not work.
831 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
834 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
838 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
840 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
841 non-writable /tmp directory.
843 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
844 let's see who can break this again. :)
846 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
847 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
848 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
849 versions will _not_ create these devices!
853 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
858 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
859 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
860 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
861 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
862 export it to the filesystem.
866 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
867 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
872 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
873 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
874 available while we try to run external programs.
875 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
879 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
880 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
881 grab it from here. :)
885 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
887 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
888 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
889 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
893 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
895 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
897 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
898 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
903 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
907 Mostly a Bugfix release.
909 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
910 timing with custom rules.
914 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
915 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
917 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
918 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
919 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
921 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
929 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
930 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
931 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
932 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
934 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
935 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
936 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
938 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
939 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
940 bypass the driver core.
942 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
943 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
944 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
945 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
946 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
947 from a rule if needed:
948 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
949 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
950 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
951 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
952 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
953 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
955 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
956 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
957 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
958 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
960 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
961 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
962 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
964 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
965 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
966 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
967 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
968 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
970 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
971 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
972 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
973 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
976 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
977 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
978 to export the probed data in environment key format:
979 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
980 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
981 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
985 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
986 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
989 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
992 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
993 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
995 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
996 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
997 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
999 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1000 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1001 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1002 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1004 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1005 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1006 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1009 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1010 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1011 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1012 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1013 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1014 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1016 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1017 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1018 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1019 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1023 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1024 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1028 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1029 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1030 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1034 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1035 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1037 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1038 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1039 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1040 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1042 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1043 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1044 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1046 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1047 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1049 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1050 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1051 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1052 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1053 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1054 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1055 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1060 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1061 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1062 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1066 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1068 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1069 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1071 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1072 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1074 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1075 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1076 character class negations like:
1077 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1078 this can now be replaced with:
1080 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1081 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1083 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1086 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1087 with every forked event.
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blob