5 Now, on startup, udevd itself copies the content of /lib/udev/devices
6 to /dev. Also the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err}, /dev/core,
14 Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
15 and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
16 permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
17 As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
18 other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
19 Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
20 still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
21 only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
22 provides for all devices.
26 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
32 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
33 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
34 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
35 events are expected as "add" events.
37 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
38 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
39 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
40 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
42 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
43 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
44 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
45 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
46 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
48 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
49 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
50 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
52 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
53 program should be used instead.
55 New and fixed keymaps.
65 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
66 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
67 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
72 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
78 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
79 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
80 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
81 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
83 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
84 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
87 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
88 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
89 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
91 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
92 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
93 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
94 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
95 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
96 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
102 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
103 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
104 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
105 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
106 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
109 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
110 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
111 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
113 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
114 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
117 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
118 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
119 be added to the compat rules file.
121 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
122 the udevadm commands.
124 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
127 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
128 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
129 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
131 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
132 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
133 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
134 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
140 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
141 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
143 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
144 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
145 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
147 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
151 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
152 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
158 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
159 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
160 exported with the event.
162 Firmware files are looked up in:
163 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
164 /lib/firmware/updates
165 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
169 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
170 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
176 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
177 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
178 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
181 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
182 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
183 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
184 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
185 future events, all others get cleaned up.
187 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
188 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
190 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
191 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
192 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
194 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
195 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
197 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
198 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
200 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
202 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
203 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
204 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
210 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
211 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
212 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
213 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
214 can not be used with udev.
216 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
217 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
218 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
219 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
220 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
221 users over to directly use libudev.
222 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
223 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
224 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
227 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
228 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
229 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
230 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
231 format will fail to work correctly.
233 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
234 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
241 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
242 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
243 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
244 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
251 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
252 instead of waiting for "all" events.
258 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
259 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
260 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
261 event handling the watch is restored.
267 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
268 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
269 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
275 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
276 are always updated with a test run now.
278 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
279 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
280 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
286 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
287 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
288 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
289 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
291 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
292 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
293 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
295 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
296 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
297 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
298 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
300 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
301 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
302 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
303 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
304 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
305 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
306 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
307 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
308 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
310 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
311 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
312 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
313 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
314 name in the by-id/ directory.
315 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
316 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
317 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
318 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
320 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
321 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
322 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
323 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
324 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
330 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
337 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
341 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
342 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
343 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
344 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
345 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
347 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
348 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
349 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
351 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
352 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
353 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
354 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
357 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
358 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
359 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
360 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
361 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
362 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
364 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
365 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
366 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
367 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
368 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
369 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
370 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
371 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
372 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
373 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
374 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
375 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
380 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
381 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
385 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
387 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
388 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
389 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
390 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
391 other keys per rule are gone.
393 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
394 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
395 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
396 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
398 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
399 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
400 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
402 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
403 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
409 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
410 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
411 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
412 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
413 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
414 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
418 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
419 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
422 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
423 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
424 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
426 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
429 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
430 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
431 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
437 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
438 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
439 option which is not affected.
441 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
442 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
448 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
449 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
450 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
453 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
454 some deprecated functions are removed.
456 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
457 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
458 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
460 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
461 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
466 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
469 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
471 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
475 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
476 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
478 compile-in verbose debug messages
480 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
482 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
485 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
486 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
487 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
489 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
490 they should be provided by the package.
496 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
497 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
498 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
500 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
501 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
502 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
503 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
506 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
507 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
510 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
511 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
512 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
517 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
523 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
524 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
530 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
533 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
534 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
535 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
536 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
542 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
543 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
544 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
545 udev (and the kernel).
551 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
553 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
554 udevtest are no longer created.
556 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
559 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
560 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
571 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
572 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
578 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
579 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
580 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
581 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
582 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
584 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
585 udevadm in the list of files.
595 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
596 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
597 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
598 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
599 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
600 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
601 in etc/udev/packages/.
607 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
608 actions by dynamically created rules.
610 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
611 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
612 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
614 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
615 program and not record as a failed event.
621 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
627 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
628 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
629 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
630 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
631 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
633 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
634 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
635 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
637 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
638 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
644 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
645 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
646 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
647 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
648 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
650 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
651 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
657 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
667 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
668 from the udev package.
674 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
675 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
676 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
677 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
678 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
679 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
680 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
683 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
684 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
686 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
687 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
688 the devices we are looking for.
690 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
691 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
692 the same SCSI identifiers.
694 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
695 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
696 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
697 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
698 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
699 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
700 that run programs only for the matching events.
710 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
711 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
712 included in the match.
714 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
722 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
723 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
724 storage area of their music players.
728 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
732 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
733 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
734 action that crashes the box.
736 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
737 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
738 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
739 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
740 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
742 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
743 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
748 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
754 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
755 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
757 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
758 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
759 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
762 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
763 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
764 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
765 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
766 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
768 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
769 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
775 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
776 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
777 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
778 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
779 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
781 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
782 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
783 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
784 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
785 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
788 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
789 event device. Instead of:
790 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
792 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
794 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
796 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
798 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
799 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
800 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
801 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
802 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
803 no longer carry this property of a parent and
804 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
805 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
806 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
807 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
808 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
809 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
810 in most cases it will be empty.
812 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
813 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
814 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
815 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
816 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
817 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
818 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
820 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
821 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
822 no database file was created by udev.
824 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
825 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
826 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
830 Bugfixes and small improvements.
834 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
840 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
841 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
845 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
849 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
850 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
858 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
859 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
860 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
861 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
862 fix possibly broken rules.
866 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
867 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
868 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
869 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
873 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
874 also skipped optical IDE drives.
876 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
878 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
879 packaging process and not at build time.
881 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
882 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
883 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
884 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
885 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
889 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
890 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
892 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
893 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
894 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
896 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
897 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
901 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
903 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
907 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
908 events for the same device.
912 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
914 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
919 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
920 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
921 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
922 received the event for.
924 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
929 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
931 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
932 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
933 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
934 the end of the program name to prevent this.
935 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
936 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
937 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
941 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
942 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
943 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
944 included in a package.
946 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
947 the ignore rule was applied.
949 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
950 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
951 should be requested by their subsytem.
953 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
955 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
956 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
958 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
959 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
960 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
961 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
962 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
965 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
966 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
967 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
968 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
969 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
970 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
971 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
972 for changed parent chains.
976 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
977 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
979 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
980 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
982 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
983 to make %b simpler and working again.
987 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
988 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
989 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
990 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
991 change. They will be fixed immediately.
993 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
994 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
995 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
996 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
997 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
999 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
1000 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
1001 the sysfs "modalias" value.
1003 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
1007 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
1009 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
1010 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
1012 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
1013 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
1017 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
1018 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
1019 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1020 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1023 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1027 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1028 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1029 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1033 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1034 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1035 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1036 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1037 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1038 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1040 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1041 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1043 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1044 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1045 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1047 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1048 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1049 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1050 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1052 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1053 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1054 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1057 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1058 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1059 before starting the daemon.
1063 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1066 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1067 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1071 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1072 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1074 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1075 without any queuing now.
1079 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1080 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1081 version of udev anymore.
1085 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1086 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1087 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1088 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1089 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1091 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1092 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1093 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1094 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1096 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1099 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1103 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1105 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1106 non-writable /tmp directory.
1108 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1109 let's see who can break this again. :)
1111 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1112 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1113 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1114 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1118 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1123 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1124 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1125 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1126 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1127 export it to the filesystem.
1131 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1132 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1137 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1138 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1139 available while we try to run external programs.
1140 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1144 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1145 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1146 grab it from here. :)
1150 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1152 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1153 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1154 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1158 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1160 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1162 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1163 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1168 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1172 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1174 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1175 timing with custom rules.
1179 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1180 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1182 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1183 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1184 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1186 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1194 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1195 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1196 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1197 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1199 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1200 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1201 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1203 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1204 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1205 bypass the driver core.
1207 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1208 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1209 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1210 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1211 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1212 from a rule if needed:
1213 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1214 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1215 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1216 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1217 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1218 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1220 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1221 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1222 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1223 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1225 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1226 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1227 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1229 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1230 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1231 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1232 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1233 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1235 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1236 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1237 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1238 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1241 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1242 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1243 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1244 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1245 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1246 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1247 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1249 The following rules:
1250 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1251 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1254 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1257 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1258 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1260 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1261 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1262 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1264 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1265 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1266 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1267 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1269 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1270 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1271 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1274 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1275 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1276 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1277 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1278 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1279 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1281 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1282 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1283 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1284 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1288 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1289 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1293 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1294 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1295 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1299 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1300 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1302 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1303 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1304 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1305 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1307 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1308 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1309 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1311 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1312 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1314 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1315 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1316 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1317 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1318 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1319 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1320 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1325 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1326 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1327 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1331 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1333 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1334 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1336 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1337 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1339 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1340 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1341 character class negations like:
1342 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1343 this can now be replaced with:
1345 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1346 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1348 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1351 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1352 with every forked event.
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blob