5 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
6 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
7 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
9 The modem mode switch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
10 program should be used instead.
12 New and fixed keymaps.
22 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
23 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
24 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
29 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
35 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
36 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
37 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
38 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
40 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
41 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
44 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
45 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
46 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
48 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
49 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
50 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
51 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
52 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
53 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
59 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
60 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
61 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
62 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
63 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
66 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
67 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
68 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
70 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
71 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
74 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
75 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
76 be added to the compat rules file.
78 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
81 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
84 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
85 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
86 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
88 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
89 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
90 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
91 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
97 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
98 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
100 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
101 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
102 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
104 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
108 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
109 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
115 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
116 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
117 exported with the event.
119 Firmware files are looked up in:
120 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
121 /lib/firmware/updates
122 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
126 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
127 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
133 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
134 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
135 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
138 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
139 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
140 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
141 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
142 future events, all others get cleaned up.
144 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
145 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
147 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
148 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
149 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
151 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
152 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
154 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
155 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
157 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
159 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
160 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
161 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
167 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
168 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
169 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
170 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
171 can not be used with udev.
173 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
174 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
175 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
176 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
177 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
178 users over to directly use libudev.
179 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
180 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
181 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
184 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
185 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
186 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
187 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
188 format will fail to work correctly.
190 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
191 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
198 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
199 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
200 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
201 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
208 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
209 instead of waiting for "all" events.
215 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
216 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
217 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
218 event handling the watch is restored.
224 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
225 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
226 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
232 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
233 are always updated with a test run now.
235 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
236 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
237 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
243 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
244 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
245 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
246 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
248 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
249 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
250 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
252 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
253 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
254 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
255 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
257 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
258 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
259 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
260 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
261 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
262 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
263 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
264 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
265 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
267 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
268 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
269 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
270 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
271 name in the by-id/ directory.
272 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
273 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
274 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
275 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
277 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
278 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
279 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
280 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
281 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
287 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
294 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
298 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
299 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
300 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
301 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
302 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
304 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
305 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
306 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
308 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
309 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
310 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
311 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
314 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
315 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
316 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
317 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
318 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
319 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
321 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
322 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
323 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
324 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
325 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
326 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
327 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
328 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
329 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
330 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
331 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
332 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
337 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
338 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
342 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
344 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
345 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
346 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
347 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
348 other keys per rule are gone.
350 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
351 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
352 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
353 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
355 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
356 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
357 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
359 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
360 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
366 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
367 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
368 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
369 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
370 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
371 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
375 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
376 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
379 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
380 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
381 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
383 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
386 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
387 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
388 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
394 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
395 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
396 option which is not affected.
398 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
399 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
405 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
406 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
407 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
410 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
411 some deprecated functions are removed.
413 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
414 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
415 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
417 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
418 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
423 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
426 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
428 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
432 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
433 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
435 compile-in verbose debug messages
437 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
439 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
442 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
443 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
444 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
446 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
447 they should be provided by the package.
453 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
454 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
455 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
457 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
458 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
459 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
460 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
463 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
464 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
467 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
468 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
469 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
474 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
480 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
481 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
487 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
490 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
491 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
492 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
493 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
499 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
500 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
501 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
502 udev (and the kernel).
508 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
510 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
511 udevtest are no longer created.
513 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
516 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
517 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
528 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
529 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
535 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
536 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
537 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
538 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
539 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
541 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
542 udevadm in the list of files.
552 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
553 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
554 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
555 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
556 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
557 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
558 in etc/udev/packages/.
564 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
565 actions by dynamically created rules.
567 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
568 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
569 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
571 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
572 program and not record as a failed event.
578 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
584 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
585 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
586 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
587 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
588 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
590 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
591 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
592 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
594 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
595 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
601 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
602 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
603 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
604 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
605 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
607 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
608 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
614 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
624 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
625 from the udev package.
631 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
632 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
633 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
634 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
635 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
636 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
637 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
640 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
641 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
643 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
644 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
645 the devices we are looking for.
647 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
648 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
649 the same SCSI identifiers.
651 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
652 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
653 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
654 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
655 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
656 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
657 that run programs only for the matching events.
667 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
668 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
669 included in the match.
671 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
679 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
680 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
681 storage area of their music players.
685 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
689 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
690 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
691 action that crashes the box.
693 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
694 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
695 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
696 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
697 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
699 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
700 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
705 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
711 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
712 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
714 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
715 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
716 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
719 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
720 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
721 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
722 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
723 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
725 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
726 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
732 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
733 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
734 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
735 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
736 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
738 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
739 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
740 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
741 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
742 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
745 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
746 event device. Instead of:
747 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
749 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
751 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
753 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
755 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
756 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
757 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
758 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
759 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
760 no longer carry this property of a parent and
761 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
762 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
763 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
764 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
765 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
766 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
767 in most cases it will be empty.
769 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
770 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
771 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
772 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
773 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
774 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
775 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
777 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
778 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
779 no database file was created by udev.
781 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
782 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
783 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
787 Bugfixes and small improvements.
791 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
797 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
798 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
802 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
806 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
807 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
815 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
816 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
817 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
818 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
819 fix possibly broken rules.
823 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
824 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
825 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
826 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
830 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
831 also skipped optical IDE drives.
833 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
835 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
836 packaging process and not at build time.
838 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
839 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
840 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
841 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
842 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
846 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
847 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
849 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
850 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
851 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
853 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
854 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
858 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
860 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
864 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
865 events for the same device.
869 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
871 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
876 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
877 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
878 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
879 received the event for.
881 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
886 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
888 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
889 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
890 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
891 the end of the program name to prevent this.
892 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
893 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
894 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
898 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
899 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
900 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
901 included in a package.
903 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
904 the ignore rule was applied.
906 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
907 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
908 should be requested by their subsytem.
910 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
912 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
913 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
915 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
916 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
917 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
918 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
919 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
922 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
923 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
924 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
925 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
926 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
927 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
928 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
929 for changed parent chains.
933 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
934 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
936 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
937 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
939 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
940 to make %b simpler and working again.
944 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
945 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
946 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
947 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
948 change. They will be fixed immediately.
950 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
951 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
952 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
953 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
954 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
956 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
957 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
958 the sysfs "modalias" value.
960 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
964 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
966 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
967 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
969 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
970 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
974 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
975 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
976 mentioned on the hotplug list:
977 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
980 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
984 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
985 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
986 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
990 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
991 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
992 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
993 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
994 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
995 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
997 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
998 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1000 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1001 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1002 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1004 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1005 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1006 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1007 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1009 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1010 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1011 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1014 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1015 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1016 before starting the daemon.
1020 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1023 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1024 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1028 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1029 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1031 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1032 without any queuing now.
1036 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1037 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1038 version of udev anymore.
1042 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1043 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1044 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1045 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1046 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1048 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1049 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1050 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1051 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1053 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1056 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1060 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1062 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1063 non-writable /tmp directory.
1065 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1066 let's see who can break this again. :)
1068 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1069 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1070 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1071 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1075 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1080 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1081 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1082 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1083 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1084 export it to the filesystem.
1088 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1089 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1094 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1095 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1096 available while we try to run external programs.
1097 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1101 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1102 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1103 grab it from here. :)
1107 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1109 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1110 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1111 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1115 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1117 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1119 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1120 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1125 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1129 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1131 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1132 timing with custom rules.
1136 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1137 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1139 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1140 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1141 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1143 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1151 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1152 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1153 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1154 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1156 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1157 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1158 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1160 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1161 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1162 bypass the driver core.
1164 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1165 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1166 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1167 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1168 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1169 from a rule if needed:
1170 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1171 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1172 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1173 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1174 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1175 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1177 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1178 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1179 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1180 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1182 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1183 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1184 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1186 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1187 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1188 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1189 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1190 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1192 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1193 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1194 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1195 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1198 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1199 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1200 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1201 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1202 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1203 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1204 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1206 The following rules:
1207 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1208 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1211 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1214 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1215 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1217 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1218 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1219 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1221 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1222 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1223 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1224 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1226 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1227 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1228 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1231 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1232 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1233 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1234 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1235 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1236 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1238 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1239 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1240 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1241 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1245 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1246 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1250 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1251 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1252 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1256 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1257 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1259 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1260 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1261 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1262 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1264 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1265 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1266 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1268 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1269 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1271 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1272 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1273 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1274 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1275 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1276 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1277 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1282 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1283 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1284 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1288 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1290 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1291 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1293 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1294 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1296 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1297 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1298 character class negations like:
1299 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1300 this can now be replaced with:
1302 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1303 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1305 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1308 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1309 with every forked event.