5 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
6 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
7 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
8 events are expected as "add" events.
10 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
11 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
12 about non-exixting partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
13 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
15 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
16 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
17 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
18 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
19 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
21 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
22 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
23 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
25 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
26 program should be used instead.
28 New and fixed keymaps.
38 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
39 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
40 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
45 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
51 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
52 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
53 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
54 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
56 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
57 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
60 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
61 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
62 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
64 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
65 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
66 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
67 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
68 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
69 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
75 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
76 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
77 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
78 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
79 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
82 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
83 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
84 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
86 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
87 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
90 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
91 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
92 be added to the compat rules file.
94 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
97 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
100 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
101 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
102 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
104 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
105 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
106 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
107 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
113 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
114 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
116 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
117 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
118 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
120 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
124 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
125 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
131 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
132 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
133 exported with the event.
135 Firmware files are looked up in:
136 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
137 /lib/firmware/updates
138 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
142 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
143 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
149 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
150 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
151 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
154 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
155 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
156 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
157 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
158 future events, all others get cleaned up.
160 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
161 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
163 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
164 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
165 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
167 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
168 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
170 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
171 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
173 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
175 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
176 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
177 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
183 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
184 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
185 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
186 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
187 can not be used with udev.
189 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
190 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
191 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
192 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
193 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
194 users over to directly use libudev.
195 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
196 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
197 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
200 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
201 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
202 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
203 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
204 format will fail to work correctly.
206 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
207 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
214 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
215 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
216 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
217 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
224 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
225 instead of waiting for "all" events.
231 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
232 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
233 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
234 event handling the watch is restored.
240 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
241 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
242 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
248 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
249 are always updated with a test run now.
251 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
252 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
253 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
259 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
260 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
261 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
262 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
264 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
265 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
266 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
268 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
269 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
270 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
271 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
273 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
274 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
275 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
276 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
277 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
278 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
279 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
280 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
281 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
283 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
284 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
285 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
286 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
287 name in the by-id/ directory.
288 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
289 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
290 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
291 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
293 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
294 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
295 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
296 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
297 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
303 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
310 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
314 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
315 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
316 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
317 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
318 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
320 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
321 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
322 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
324 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
325 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
326 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
327 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
330 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
331 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
332 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
333 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
334 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
335 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
337 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
338 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
339 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
340 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
341 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
342 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
343 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
344 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
345 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
346 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
347 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
348 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
353 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
354 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
358 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
360 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
361 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
362 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
363 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
364 other keys per rule are gone.
366 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
367 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
368 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
369 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
371 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
372 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
373 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
375 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
376 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
382 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
383 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
384 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
385 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
386 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
387 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
391 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
392 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
395 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
396 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
397 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
399 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
402 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
403 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
404 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
410 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
411 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
412 option which is not affected.
414 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
415 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
421 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
422 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
423 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
426 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
427 some deprecated functions are removed.
429 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
430 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
431 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
433 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
434 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
439 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
442 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
444 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
448 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
449 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
451 compile-in verbose debug messages
453 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
455 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
458 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
459 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
460 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
462 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
463 they should be provided by the package.
469 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
470 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
471 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
473 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
474 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
475 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
476 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
479 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
480 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
483 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
484 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
485 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
490 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
496 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
497 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
503 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
506 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
507 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
508 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
509 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
515 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
516 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
517 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
518 udev (and the kernel).
524 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
526 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
527 udevtest are no longer created.
529 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
532 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
533 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
544 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
545 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
551 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
552 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
553 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
554 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
555 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
557 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
558 udevadm in the list of files.
568 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
569 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
570 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
571 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
572 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
573 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
574 in etc/udev/packages/.
580 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
581 actions by dynamically created rules.
583 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
584 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
585 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
587 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
588 program and not record as a failed event.
594 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
600 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
601 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
602 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
603 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
604 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
606 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
607 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
608 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
610 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
611 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
617 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
618 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
619 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
620 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
621 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
623 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
624 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
630 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
640 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
641 from the udev package.
647 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
648 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
649 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
650 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
651 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
652 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
653 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
656 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
657 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
659 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
660 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
661 the devices we are looking for.
663 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
664 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
665 the same SCSI identifiers.
667 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
668 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
669 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
670 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
671 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
672 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
673 that run programs only for the matching events.
683 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
684 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
685 included in the match.
687 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
695 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
696 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
697 storage area of their music players.
701 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
705 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
706 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
707 action that crashes the box.
709 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
710 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
711 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
712 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
713 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
715 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
716 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
721 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
727 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
728 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
730 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
731 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
732 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
735 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
736 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
737 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
738 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
739 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
741 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
742 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
748 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
749 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
750 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
751 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
752 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
754 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
755 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
756 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
757 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
758 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
761 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
762 event device. Instead of:
763 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
765 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
767 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
769 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
771 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
772 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
773 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
774 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
775 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
776 no longer carry this property of a parent and
777 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
778 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
779 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
780 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
781 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
782 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
783 in most cases it will be empty.
785 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
786 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
787 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
788 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
789 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
790 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
791 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
793 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
794 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
795 no database file was created by udev.
797 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
798 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
799 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
803 Bugfixes and small improvements.
807 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
813 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
814 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
818 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
822 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
823 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
831 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
832 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
833 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
834 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
835 fix possibly broken rules.
839 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
840 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
841 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
842 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
846 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
847 also skipped optical IDE drives.
849 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
851 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
852 packaging process and not at build time.
854 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
855 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
856 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
857 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
858 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
862 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
863 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
865 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
866 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
867 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
869 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
870 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
874 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
876 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
880 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
881 events for the same device.
885 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
887 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
892 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
893 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
894 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
895 received the event for.
897 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
902 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
904 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
905 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
906 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
907 the end of the program name to prevent this.
908 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
909 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
910 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
914 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
915 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
916 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
917 included in a package.
919 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
920 the ignore rule was applied.
922 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
923 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
924 should be requested by their subsytem.
926 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
928 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
929 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
931 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
932 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
933 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
934 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
935 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
938 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
939 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
940 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
941 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
942 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
943 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
944 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
945 for changed parent chains.
949 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
950 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
952 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
953 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
955 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
956 to make %b simpler and working again.
960 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
961 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
962 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
963 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
964 change. They will be fixed immediately.
966 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
967 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
968 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
969 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
970 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
972 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
973 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
974 the sysfs "modalias" value.
976 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
980 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
982 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
983 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
985 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
986 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
990 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
991 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
992 mentioned on the hotplug list:
993 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
996 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1000 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1001 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1002 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1006 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1007 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1008 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1009 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1010 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1011 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1013 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1014 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1016 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1017 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1018 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1020 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1021 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1022 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1023 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1025 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1026 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1027 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1030 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1031 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1032 before starting the daemon.
1036 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1039 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1040 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1044 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1045 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1047 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1048 without any queuing now.
1052 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1053 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1054 version of udev anymore.
1058 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1059 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1060 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1061 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1062 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1064 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1065 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1066 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1067 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1069 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1072 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1076 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1078 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1079 non-writable /tmp directory.
1081 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1082 let's see who can break this again. :)
1084 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1085 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1086 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1087 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1091 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1096 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1097 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1098 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1099 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1100 export it to the filesystem.
1104 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1105 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1110 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1111 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1112 available while we try to run external programs.
1113 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1117 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1118 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1119 grab it from here. :)
1123 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1125 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1126 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1127 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1131 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1133 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1135 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1136 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1141 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1145 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1147 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1148 timing with custom rules.
1152 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1153 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1155 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1156 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1157 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1159 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1167 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1168 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1169 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1170 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1172 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1173 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1174 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1176 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1177 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1178 bypass the driver core.
1180 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1181 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1182 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1183 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1184 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1185 from a rule if needed:
1186 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1187 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1188 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1189 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1190 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1191 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1193 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1194 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1195 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1196 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1198 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1199 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1200 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1202 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1203 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1204 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1205 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1206 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1208 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1209 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1210 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1211 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1214 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1215 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1216 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1217 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1218 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1219 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1220 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1222 The following rules:
1223 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1224 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1227 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1230 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1231 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1233 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1234 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1235 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1237 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1238 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1239 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1240 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1242 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1243 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1244 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1247 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1248 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1249 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1250 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1251 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1252 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1254 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1255 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1256 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1257 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1261 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1262 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1266 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1267 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1268 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1272 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1273 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1275 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1276 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1277 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1278 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1280 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1281 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1282 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1284 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1285 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1287 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1288 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1289 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1290 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1291 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1292 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1293 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1298 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1299 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1300 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1304 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1306 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1307 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1309 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1310 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1312 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1313 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1314 character class negations like:
1315 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1316 this can now be replaced with:
1318 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1319 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1321 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1324 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1325 with every forked event.