1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
78 char **saved_argv = NULL;
80 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
81 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
83 size_t page_size(void) {
84 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
87 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
90 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
97 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
99 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
110 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
117 pl = strlen(postfix);
120 return (char*) s + sl;
125 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
128 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
131 char* startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
148 char* startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
158 if (tolower(*a) != tolower(*b))
165 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
180 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
184 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
187 int close_nointr(int fd) {
193 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
194 * thing to do on Linux.
196 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
197 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
198 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
199 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
201 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
209 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
212 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
215 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
218 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
221 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
223 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
224 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
227 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
238 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
241 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
243 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
249 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
250 unsigned long ul = 0;
257 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
263 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
273 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
274 unsigned long ul = 0;
281 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
287 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
302 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
304 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
305 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
307 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
310 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
314 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
322 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
324 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
325 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
327 if ((long) (int) l != l)
334 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
336 unsigned long long l;
342 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
344 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
345 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
351 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
359 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
361 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
362 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
368 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
375 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
380 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
381 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
387 /* Split a string into words. */
388 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
391 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
393 if (!*current || *c == 0)
396 current += strspn(current, separator);
397 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
400 return (char*) current;
403 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
404 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
405 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
407 bool escaped = false;
409 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
411 if (!*current || *c == 0)
414 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
416 if (*current == '\'') {
419 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
429 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
430 } else if (*current == '\"') {
433 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
443 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
445 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
450 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
457 return (char*) current;
460 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
462 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
475 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
480 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
481 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
485 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
486 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
487 * skip over it manually */
489 p = strrchr(line, ')');
501 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
504 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
509 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
510 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
518 p = "/proc/self/stat";
520 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
526 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
533 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
534 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
535 * skip over it manually */
537 p = strrchr(line, ')');
559 "%*d " /* priority */
561 "%*d " /* num_threads */
562 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
563 "%llu " /* starttime */,
570 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
575 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
581 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
584 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
588 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
595 p = "/proc/self/comm";
597 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
599 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
602 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
603 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
612 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
614 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
620 if (max_length == 0) {
621 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
623 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
625 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
630 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
640 r = new(char, max_length);
646 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
668 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
675 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
676 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
685 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
689 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
700 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
712 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
717 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
721 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
724 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
730 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
737 p = "/proc/self/exe";
739 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
741 return readlink_malloc(p, name);
744 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
745 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
755 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
760 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
765 if (startswith(l, field)) {
767 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
769 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
771 return parse_uid(l, uid);
778 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
779 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
782 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
783 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
784 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
787 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
795 return strndup(suffix, b);
804 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
807 r = new(char, a+b+1);
812 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
818 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
819 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
822 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
832 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
835 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
841 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
852 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
859 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
862 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
872 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
879 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
883 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
890 path_kill_slashes(*r);
895 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
898 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
899 struct sigaction sa = {
900 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
901 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
904 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
907 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
908 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
909 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
917 char *strstrip(char *s) {
920 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
921 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
923 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
925 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
926 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
934 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
937 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
939 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
951 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
958 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
964 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
971 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
972 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
975 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
976 return strdup(filename);
978 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
979 return strdup(filename);
981 k = strlen(filename);
982 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
985 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
986 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
991 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1000 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1001 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1007 /* Skip last component */
1008 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1011 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1012 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1018 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1021 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1030 if (errno != ENOENT)
1037 char hexchar(int x) {
1038 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1040 return table[x & 15];
1043 int unhexchar(char c) {
1045 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1048 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1049 return c - 'a' + 10;
1051 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1052 return c - 'A' + 10;
1057 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1061 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1065 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1066 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1067 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1074 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1080 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1084 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1087 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1089 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1093 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1100 char octchar(int x) {
1101 return '0' + (x & 7);
1104 int unoctchar(char c) {
1106 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1112 char decchar(int x) {
1113 return '0' + (x % 10);
1116 int undecchar(char c) {
1118 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1124 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1130 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1132 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1136 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1182 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1183 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1184 * g_strescape() does the same */
1185 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1187 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1188 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1189 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1200 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1207 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1209 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1211 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1216 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1218 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1261 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1266 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1269 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1270 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1272 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1273 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1277 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1292 /* octal encoding */
1295 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1296 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1297 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1299 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1300 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1304 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1312 /* premature end of string.*/
1317 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1329 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1330 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1333 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1336 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1339 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1343 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1344 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1347 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1351 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1353 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1354 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1357 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1358 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1368 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1374 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1375 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1376 * case the empty string. */
1381 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1385 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1387 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1388 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1390 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1391 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1392 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1394 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1395 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1405 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1410 /* Special case for the empty string */
1414 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1418 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1423 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1424 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1425 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1428 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1440 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1445 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1446 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1447 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1452 static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1456 filename[0] == '.' ||
1457 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1458 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1459 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1460 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1461 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1462 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1463 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1464 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1465 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1468 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1471 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1474 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1477 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1482 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1486 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1488 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1490 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1496 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1501 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1505 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1507 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1509 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1515 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1518 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1520 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1527 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1532 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1534 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1539 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1540 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1543 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1544 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1546 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1549 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1550 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1557 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1560 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1563 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1564 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1573 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1576 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1577 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1578 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1587 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1590 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1591 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1598 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1599 static const char table[] =
1608 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1612 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1614 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1620 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1624 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1627 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1630 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1636 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1637 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1639 char line[LINE_MAX];
1644 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1645 new_termios = old_termios;
1647 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1648 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1649 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1651 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1654 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1655 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1656 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1661 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1663 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1669 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1676 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1677 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1680 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1685 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1695 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1705 bool need_nl = true;
1708 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1715 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1719 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1722 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1723 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1734 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1739 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1743 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1744 struct termios termios;
1747 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1751 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1752 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1753 * interfere with that. */
1755 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1756 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1758 /* Switch to text mode */
1760 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1762 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1763 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1765 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1770 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1771 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1772 * else will do that for us */
1774 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1775 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1776 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1777 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1778 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1780 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1781 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1782 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1783 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1784 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1785 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1786 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1787 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1788 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1789 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1790 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1791 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1792 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1794 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1795 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1797 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1801 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1802 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1807 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1810 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1814 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1815 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1820 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1825 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1826 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1827 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1828 * retrying a couple of times.
1830 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1834 fd = open(name, mode);
1841 /* Max 1s in total */
1845 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1854 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1859 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1866 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1867 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1877 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1887 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1893 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1902 int acquire_terminal(
1906 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1909 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1914 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1915 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1916 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1918 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1919 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1920 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1921 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1922 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1923 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1924 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1925 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1927 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1928 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1930 if (!fail && !force) {
1931 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1937 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1945 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1946 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1947 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1951 r = flush_fd(notify);
1956 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1957 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1958 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1959 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1963 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1964 * if we already own the tty. */
1965 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1967 /* First, try to get the tty */
1968 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1971 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1973 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1974 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1975 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1976 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1979 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1988 assert(notify >= 0);
1991 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1993 struct inotify_event *e;
1995 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1998 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1999 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2004 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2014 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2017 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2024 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2029 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2034 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2035 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2037 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2044 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2045 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2046 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2047 * an endless loop. */
2048 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2052 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2054 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2056 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2062 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2065 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2070 int release_terminal(void) {
2072 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2073 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2074 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2076 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2078 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2082 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2083 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2084 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2086 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2089 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2094 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2099 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2100 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2107 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2108 struct sigaction sa = {
2109 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2110 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2116 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2120 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2121 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2128 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2129 struct sigaction sa = {
2130 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2131 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2136 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2140 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2141 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2148 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2154 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2159 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2163 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2166 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2175 while (nbytes > 0) {
2178 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2180 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2183 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2184 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2189 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2193 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2196 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2197 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2202 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2213 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2222 while (nbytes > 0) {
2225 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2228 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2231 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2232 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2237 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2241 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2244 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2245 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2250 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2261 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2262 static const struct {
2268 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2271 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2272 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2289 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2300 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2302 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2303 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2304 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2305 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2309 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2319 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2324 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2325 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2326 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2329 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2331 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2334 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2339 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2342 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2346 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2349 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2351 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2352 * sysfs or in /dev */
2355 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2356 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2359 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2360 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2369 union dirent_storage buf;
2371 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2378 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2383 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2384 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2401 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2402 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2406 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2410 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2411 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2417 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2420 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2423 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2424 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2425 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2426 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2427 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2428 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2431 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2433 if (program_invocation_name)
2434 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2436 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2440 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2442 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2446 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2451 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2458 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2459 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2463 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2466 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2468 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2469 return strdup(u.nodename);
2471 return strdup(u.sysname);
2474 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2477 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2479 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2482 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2485 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2486 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2488 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2490 return strdup("root");
2492 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2496 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2500 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2501 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2503 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2509 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2513 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2518 return lookup_uid(uid);
2521 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2528 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2531 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2532 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2537 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2543 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2551 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2555 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2559 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2561 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2568 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2569 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2570 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2571 unsigned long ttynr;
2579 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2581 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2583 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2587 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2588 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2592 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2602 "%*d " /* session */
2607 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2614 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2616 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2621 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2625 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2627 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2633 /* This is an ugly hack */
2634 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2635 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2645 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2646 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2647 * vaguely useful. */
2660 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2662 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2680 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2686 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2687 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2691 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2693 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2698 union dirent_storage buf;
2699 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2703 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2704 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2712 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2715 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2717 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2718 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2719 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2724 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2727 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2728 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2730 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2731 keep_around = false;
2737 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2738 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2741 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2742 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2743 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2744 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2749 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2750 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2754 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2755 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2759 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2761 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2762 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2773 static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2776 F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2777 F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2780 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2785 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2786 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2790 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2791 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2793 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2794 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2795 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2799 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2802 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2808 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2809 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2810 * seriously broken system. */
2811 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2812 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2816 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2819 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2823 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2826 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2827 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2832 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2833 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2840 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2841 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2845 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2846 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2847 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2852 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2855 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2858 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2867 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2868 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2871 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2872 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2875 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2878 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2879 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2880 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2882 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2883 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2886 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2887 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2893 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2896 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2897 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2898 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2900 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2903 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2909 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2913 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2916 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2919 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2920 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2930 if (errno != EINVAL)
2937 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2938 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2939 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2940 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2941 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2943 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2947 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2948 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2950 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2953 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2966 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2972 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2980 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2981 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2984 if (!isempty(status)) {
2985 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2986 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2987 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2989 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2992 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2994 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2996 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3002 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3008 va_start(ap, format);
3009 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3015 int status_welcome(void) {
3017 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3019 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3020 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3021 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3023 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3024 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3026 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3027 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3028 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3029 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3032 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3039 const char *e, *word = format;
3044 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3055 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3064 } else if (*e == '$') {
3065 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3081 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3083 k = strappend(r, t);
3097 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3108 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3110 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3112 l = strv_length(argv);
3114 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3117 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3119 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3120 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3125 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3128 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3139 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3148 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3156 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3157 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3167 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3168 struct winsize ws = {};
3170 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3179 unsigned columns(void) {
3183 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3184 return cached_columns;
3187 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3192 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3201 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3202 struct winsize ws = {};
3204 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3213 unsigned lines(void) {
3217 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3218 return cached_lines;
3221 e = getenv("LINES");
3226 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3232 return cached_lines;
3235 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3236 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3242 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3244 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3245 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3247 return cached_on_tty;
3250 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3251 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3253 /* Only works as root */
3254 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3257 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3261 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3262 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3265 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3270 assert(percent <= 100);
3271 assert(new_length >= 3);
3273 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3274 return strndup(s, old_length);
3276 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3280 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3282 if (x > new_length - 3)
3290 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3291 new_length - x - 3);
3296 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3297 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3300 int touch(const char *path) {
3305 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3306 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3309 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3313 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3317 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3321 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3322 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3323 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3330 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3331 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3336 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3337 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3340 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3352 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3356 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3364 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3368 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3374 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3385 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3397 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3404 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3406 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3410 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3411 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3412 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3413 return status.si_status;
3416 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3419 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3420 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3422 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3426 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3430 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3432 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3433 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3441 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3444 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3447 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3453 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3458 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3461 return null_or_empty(&st);
3464 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3468 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
3474 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3481 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3485 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3487 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3488 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3493 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3497 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3498 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3500 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3504 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3510 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
3519 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3522 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3523 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3525 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3526 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3528 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3529 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3531 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3532 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3537 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3540 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3543 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3546 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3549 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3552 return streq(tty, "console");
3555 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3560 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3563 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3566 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3569 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3573 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3579 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3582 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3583 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3585 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3588 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3591 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3592 * /dev/console points to */
3593 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3602 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3603 char *active = NULL;
3608 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3611 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3612 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3623 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3626 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3629 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3632 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3635 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3636 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3637 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3643 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3646 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3647 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3648 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3651 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3654 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3657 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3660 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3664 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3665 * waits for them to finish. */
3668 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3670 if (errno == ENOENT)
3673 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3680 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3681 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3685 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3690 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3693 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3698 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3699 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3717 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3718 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3721 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3723 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3724 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3729 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3730 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3734 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3739 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3743 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3744 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3745 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3746 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3748 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3750 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3761 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3764 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3767 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3775 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3781 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3782 if (streq(i, needle))
3788 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3789 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3792 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3801 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3803 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3804 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3805 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3811 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3818 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3825 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3835 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3841 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
3845 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3847 if (dot || p[1] == 0)
3854 if (hostname_valid_char(*p))
3859 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3864 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3866 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3868 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3871 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3878 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3881 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3883 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3888 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3895 return pollfd.revents;
3898 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3909 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3913 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3917 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3919 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3925 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3938 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3941 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3947 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3950 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3954 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3955 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3960 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3964 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3965 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3966 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3968 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3971 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3972 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3973 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
3975 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3980 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
3981 "\033[H" /* move home */
3982 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
3984 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3989 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
3992 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
3999 /* Try to deallocate */
4000 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4004 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4005 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4013 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4015 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4020 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4021 "\033[H" /* move home */
4022 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4024 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4029 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4035 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4039 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4041 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4049 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4053 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4064 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4066 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4068 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4076 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4077 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4087 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4089 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4092 unsigned long long ull;
4099 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4103 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4107 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4110 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4111 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4117 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4120 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4129 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4133 display[0] == ':' &&
4134 display[1] >= '0' &&
4138 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4145 if (!display_is_local(display))
4148 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4150 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4154 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4155 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4164 const char **username,
4165 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4167 const char **shell) {
4175 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4176 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4178 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4196 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4200 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4201 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4202 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4203 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4204 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4206 *username = p->pw_name;
4209 p = getpwnam(*username);
4213 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4225 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4230 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4235 return strdup("root");
4239 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4241 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4247 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4252 return strdup("root");
4256 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4258 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4264 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4270 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4271 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4273 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4274 *groupname = "root";
4282 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4287 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4290 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4294 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4302 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4304 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4306 if (getgid() == gid)
4309 if (getegid() == gid)
4312 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4313 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4315 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4317 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4321 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4328 int in_group(const char *name) {
4332 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4339 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4340 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4346 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4348 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4350 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4353 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4355 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4360 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4366 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4369 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4373 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4374 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4375 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4376 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4377 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4378 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4379 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4385 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4389 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4395 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4396 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4407 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4415 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4416 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4425 union dirent_storage buf;
4428 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4437 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4439 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4443 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4447 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4456 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4458 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4482 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4496 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4501 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4525 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4539 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4540 static __thread int cached = 0;
4542 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4543 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4548 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4555 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4556 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4559 r = access(p, F_OK);
4567 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4568 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4571 r = access(p, F_OK);
4577 /* Get parent dev_t */
4578 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4581 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4587 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4593 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4594 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4597 r = access(p, F_OK);
4601 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4608 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4613 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4617 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4618 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4621 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4622 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4623 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4624 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4625 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4628 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4630 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4631 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4632 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4633 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4634 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4635 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4636 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4639 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4641 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4642 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4643 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4644 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4645 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4646 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4647 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4648 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4649 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4650 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4651 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4652 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4653 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4654 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4655 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4656 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4657 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4658 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4659 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4660 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4661 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4664 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4666 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4667 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4668 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4669 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4671 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4672 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4673 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4674 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4677 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4679 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4680 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4681 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4682 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4683 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4687 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4689 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4690 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4691 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4692 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4693 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4694 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4695 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4696 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4697 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4698 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4699 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4700 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4701 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4702 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4703 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4704 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4705 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4708 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4710 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4711 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4712 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4713 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4714 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4717 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4719 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4736 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4747 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4749 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4755 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4757 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4758 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4761 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4765 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4766 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4768 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4773 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4778 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4782 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4786 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4787 signo = (int) u + offset;
4788 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4794 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4795 bool loaded = false;
4798 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4806 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4824 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4826 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4835 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4842 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4845 static const struct {
4849 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4850 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4851 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4852 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4853 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4857 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4859 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4862 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4863 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4870 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4878 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4891 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4893 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4895 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4897 l == sizeof(value) &&
4898 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4902 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4909 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4911 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4913 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4915 l == sizeof(value) &&
4916 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4920 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4927 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4928 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4930 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4938 parent_pid = getpid();
4940 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4947 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4954 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4955 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4956 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4958 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4959 * to set the death signal */
4960 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4961 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4963 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4964 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4966 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4967 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
4969 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
4970 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
4971 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
4972 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
4973 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
4974 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
4975 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
4976 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
4977 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
4979 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
4980 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4984 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
4987 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
4993 /* Count arguments */
4995 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5000 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5002 /* Fill in arguments */
5004 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5005 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5009 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5012 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5013 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5017 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5023 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5024 * to get as close as we can */
5025 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5027 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5028 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5030 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5036 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5037 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5049 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5051 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5053 f = fopen(path, "re");
5061 char line[LINE_MAX];
5064 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5068 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5078 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5079 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5093 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5097 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5101 /* If /sys is read-only we cannot sleep */
5102 if (access("/sys/power/state", W_OK) < 0)
5105 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5110 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state)
5111 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5117 int can_sleep_disk(const char *type) {
5121 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5125 /* If /sys is read-only we cannot sleep */
5126 if (access("/sys/power/state", W_OK) < 0 ||
5127 access("/sys/power/disk", W_OK) < 0)
5130 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/disk", &p);
5135 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5136 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5139 if (l == k + 2 && w[0] == '[' && memcmp(w + 1, type, l - 2) == 0 && w[l-1] == ']')
5146 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5149 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5152 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5155 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5158 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5161 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5167 bool in_initrd(void) {
5168 static __thread int saved = -1;
5174 /* We make two checks here:
5176 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5177 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5179 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5180 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5181 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5184 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5185 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5186 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5191 void warn_melody(void) {
5192 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5194 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5198 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5200 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5201 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5203 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5204 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5206 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5207 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5209 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5212 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5215 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5217 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5219 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5225 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5232 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5240 /* Take the user specified one */
5251 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5254 h = strdup("/root");
5262 /* Check the database... */
5266 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5268 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5271 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5279 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5293 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5299 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5304 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5305 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5308 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5315 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5320 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5321 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5327 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5332 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5335 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5338 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5339 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5342 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5348 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5349 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5350 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5359 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5360 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5363 else if (comparison > 0)
5371 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5373 static int cached_answer = -1;
5375 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5378 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5379 cached_answer = true;
5383 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5385 cached_answer = true;
5389 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5390 cached_answer = true;
5394 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true,
5395 * because CTYPE is effectly unset and
5396 * everything defaults to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5398 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5400 cached_answer = true;
5404 cached_answer = streq(set, "C");
5407 return (bool)cached_answer;
5410 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5411 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5413 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5414 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5415 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5416 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5417 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5419 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5420 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5421 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5422 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5423 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5424 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5428 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5431 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5434 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5440 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5441 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5454 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5460 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5461 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5469 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5481 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5482 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5487 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5489 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5495 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5497 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5499 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5503 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5508 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5510 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5511 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5512 else if (*i == '\t')
5519 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5522 } else if (*i == '[') {
5523 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5528 state = STATE_OTHER;
5535 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5536 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5539 state = STATE_OTHER;
5541 } else if (*i == 'm')
5542 state = STATE_OTHER;
5564 int on_ac_power(void) {
5565 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5566 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5568 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5574 union dirent_storage buf;
5575 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5580 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5587 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5590 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5592 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5598 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5600 if (errno == ENOENT)
5606 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5610 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5613 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5614 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5616 if (errno == ENOENT)
5622 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5626 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5629 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5630 found_online = true;
5632 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5633 found_offline = true;
5638 return found_online || !found_offline;
5641 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5648 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5651 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5652 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5655 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5665 if (errno != ENOENT)
5672 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5673 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5679 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5682 f = fopen(path, mode);
5691 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5695 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5698 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5699 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5701 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5704 f = fopen(path, mode);
5713 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5717 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5720 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5726 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5727 d = mkdtemp(template);
5730 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5734 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5740 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5741 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5744 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5748 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5750 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5752 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5756 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5770 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5777 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5784 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5789 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5798 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5808 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5822 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5830 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5834 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5841 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5845 if (*allocated >= need)
5848 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5858 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5864 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5866 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5869 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5870 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5871 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5875 } else if (l == 36) {
5877 /* Formatted UUID */
5879 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5882 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5886 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5887 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5888 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))