1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
78 char **saved_argv = NULL;
80 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
81 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
83 size_t page_size(void) {
84 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
87 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
90 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
97 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
99 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
110 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
117 pl = strlen(postfix);
120 return (char*) s + sl;
125 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
128 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
131 char* startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
148 char* startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
158 if (tolower(*a) != tolower(*b))
165 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
180 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
184 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
187 int close_nointr(int fd) {
193 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
194 * thing to do on Linux.
196 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
197 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
198 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
199 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
201 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
209 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
212 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
215 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
218 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
221 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
223 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
224 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
227 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
238 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
241 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
243 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
249 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
250 unsigned long ul = 0;
257 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
263 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
273 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
274 unsigned long ul = 0;
281 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
287 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
302 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
304 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
305 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
307 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
310 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
314 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
322 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
324 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
325 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
327 if ((long) (int) l != l)
334 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
336 unsigned long long l;
342 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
344 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
345 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
351 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
359 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
361 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
362 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
368 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
375 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
380 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
381 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
387 /* Split a string into words. */
388 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
391 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
393 if (!*current || *c == 0)
396 current += strspn(current, separator);
397 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
400 return (char*) current;
403 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
404 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
405 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
407 bool escaped = false;
409 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
411 if (!*current || *c == 0)
414 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
416 if (*current == '\'') {
419 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
429 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
430 } else if (*current == '\"') {
433 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
443 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
445 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
450 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
457 return (char*) current;
460 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
462 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
475 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
480 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
481 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
485 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
486 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
487 * skip over it manually */
489 p = strrchr(line, ')');
501 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
504 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
509 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
510 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
518 p = "/proc/self/stat";
520 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
526 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
533 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
534 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
535 * skip over it manually */
537 p = strrchr(line, ')');
559 "%*d " /* priority */
561 "%*d " /* num_threads */
562 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
563 "%llu " /* starttime */,
570 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
575 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
581 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
584 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
588 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
595 p = "/proc/self/comm";
597 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
599 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
602 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
603 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
612 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
614 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
620 if (max_length == 0) {
621 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
623 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
625 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
630 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
640 r = new(char, max_length);
646 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
668 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
675 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
676 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
685 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
689 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
700 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
712 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
717 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
721 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
724 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
730 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
739 p = "/proc/self/exe";
741 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
743 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
747 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
754 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
755 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
765 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
770 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
775 if (startswith(l, field)) {
777 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
779 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
781 return parse_uid(l, uid);
788 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
789 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
792 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
793 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
794 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
797 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
805 return strndup(suffix, b);
814 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
817 r = new(char, a+b+1);
822 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
828 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
829 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
832 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
842 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
845 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
851 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
862 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
863 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
870 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
874 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
882 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
889 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
893 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
900 path_kill_slashes(*r);
905 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
908 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
909 struct sigaction sa = {
910 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
911 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
914 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
917 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
918 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
919 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
927 char *strstrip(char *s) {
930 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
931 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
933 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
935 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
936 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
944 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
947 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
949 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
961 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
968 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
974 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
981 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
982 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
985 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
986 return strdup(filename);
988 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
989 return strdup(filename);
991 k = strlen(filename);
992 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
995 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
996 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1001 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1010 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1011 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1017 /* Skip last component */
1018 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1021 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1022 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1028 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1031 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1040 if (errno != ENOENT)
1047 char hexchar(int x) {
1048 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1050 return table[x & 15];
1053 int unhexchar(char c) {
1055 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1058 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1059 return c - 'a' + 10;
1061 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1062 return c - 'A' + 10;
1067 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1071 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1075 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1076 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1077 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1084 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1090 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1094 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1097 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1099 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1103 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1110 char octchar(int x) {
1111 return '0' + (x & 7);
1114 int unoctchar(char c) {
1116 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1122 char decchar(int x) {
1123 return '0' + (x % 10);
1126 int undecchar(char c) {
1128 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1134 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1140 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1142 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1146 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1192 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1193 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1194 * g_strescape() does the same */
1195 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1197 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1198 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1199 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1210 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1217 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1219 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1221 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1226 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1228 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1271 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1276 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1279 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1280 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1282 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1283 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1287 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1302 /* octal encoding */
1305 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1306 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1307 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1309 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1310 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1314 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1322 /* premature end of string.*/
1327 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1339 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1340 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1343 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1346 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1349 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1353 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1354 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1357 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1361 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1363 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1364 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1367 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1368 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1378 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1384 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1385 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1386 * case the empty string. */
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1398 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1400 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1401 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1402 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1404 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1405 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1415 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1420 /* Special case for the empty string */
1424 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1428 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1433 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1434 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1435 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1438 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1450 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1455 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1456 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1457 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1462 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1466 filename[0] == '.' ||
1467 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1468 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1469 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1470 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1471 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1472 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1473 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1474 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1475 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1478 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1481 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1484 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1487 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1492 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1496 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1498 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1500 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1506 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1511 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1515 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1517 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1519 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1525 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1528 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1530 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1537 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1542 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1544 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1549 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1550 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1553 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1554 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1556 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1559 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1560 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1570 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1573 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1574 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1583 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1586 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1587 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1588 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1597 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1600 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1601 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1608 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1609 static const char table[] =
1618 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1622 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1624 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1630 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1634 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1637 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1640 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1646 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1647 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1649 char line[LINE_MAX];
1654 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1655 new_termios = old_termios;
1657 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1658 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1659 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1661 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1664 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1665 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1666 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1671 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1673 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1679 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1686 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1687 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1690 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1695 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1705 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1715 bool need_nl = true;
1718 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1725 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1729 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1732 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1733 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1744 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1749 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1753 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1754 struct termios termios;
1757 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1761 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1762 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1763 * interfere with that. */
1765 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1766 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1768 /* Switch to text mode */
1770 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1772 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1773 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1775 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1780 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1781 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1782 * else will do that for us */
1784 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1785 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1786 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1787 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1788 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1790 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1791 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1792 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1793 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1794 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1795 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1796 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1797 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1798 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1799 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1800 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1801 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1802 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1804 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1805 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1807 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1811 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1812 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1817 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1820 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1824 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1825 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1830 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1835 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1836 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1837 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1838 * retrying a couple of times.
1840 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1844 fd = open(name, mode);
1851 /* Max 1s in total */
1855 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1864 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1869 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1876 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1877 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1887 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1897 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1903 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1912 int acquire_terminal(
1916 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1919 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1924 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1925 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1926 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1928 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1929 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1930 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1931 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1932 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1933 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1934 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1935 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1937 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1938 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1940 if (!fail && !force) {
1941 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1947 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1955 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1956 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1957 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1961 r = flush_fd(notify);
1966 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1967 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1968 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1969 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1973 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1974 * if we already own the tty. */
1975 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1977 /* First, try to get the tty */
1978 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1981 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1983 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1984 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1985 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1986 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1989 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1998 assert(notify >= 0);
2001 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2003 struct inotify_event *e;
2005 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2008 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2009 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2014 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2024 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2027 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2034 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2039 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2044 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2045 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2047 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2054 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2055 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2056 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2057 * an endless loop. */
2058 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2062 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2064 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2066 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2072 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2075 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2080 int release_terminal(void) {
2082 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2083 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2084 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2086 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2088 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2092 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2093 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2094 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2096 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2099 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2104 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2109 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2110 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2117 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2118 struct sigaction sa = {
2119 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2120 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2126 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2130 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2131 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2138 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2139 struct sigaction sa = {
2140 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2141 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2146 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2150 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2151 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2158 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2164 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2169 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2173 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2176 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2185 while (nbytes > 0) {
2188 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2190 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2193 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2194 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2199 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2203 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2206 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2207 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2212 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2223 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2232 while (nbytes > 0) {
2235 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2238 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2241 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2242 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2247 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2251 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2254 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2255 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2260 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2271 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2272 static const struct {
2274 unsigned long long factor;
2278 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2279 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2280 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2282 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2287 unsigned long long r = 0;
2299 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2310 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2312 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2313 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2314 unsigned long long tmp;
2315 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2317 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2318 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2322 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2325 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2329 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2339 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2344 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2345 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2346 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2349 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2351 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2354 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2359 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2362 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2366 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2369 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2371 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2372 * sysfs or in /dev */
2375 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2376 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2379 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2380 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2389 union dirent_storage buf;
2391 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2398 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2403 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2404 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2421 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2422 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2426 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2430 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2431 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2437 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2440 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2443 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2444 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2445 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2446 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2447 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2448 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2451 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2453 if (program_invocation_name)
2454 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2456 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2460 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2462 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2466 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2471 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2478 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2479 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2483 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2486 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2488 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2489 return strdup(u.nodename);
2491 return strdup(u.sysname);
2494 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2497 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2499 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2502 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2505 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2506 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2508 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2510 return strdup("root");
2512 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2516 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2520 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2521 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2523 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2529 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2533 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2538 return lookup_uid(uid);
2541 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2548 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2551 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2552 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2557 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2563 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2571 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2575 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2579 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2581 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2588 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2589 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2590 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2591 unsigned long ttynr;
2599 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2601 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2603 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2607 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2608 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2612 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2622 "%*d " /* session */
2627 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2634 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2636 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2641 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2645 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2647 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2653 /* This is an ugly hack */
2654 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2655 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2665 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2666 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2667 * vaguely useful. */
2680 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2682 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2700 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2706 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2707 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2711 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2713 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2718 union dirent_storage buf;
2719 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2723 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2724 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2732 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2735 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2737 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2738 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2739 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2744 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2747 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2748 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2750 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2751 keep_around = false;
2757 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2758 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2761 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2762 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2763 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2764 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2769 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2770 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2774 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2775 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2779 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2781 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2782 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2793 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2796 F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2797 F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2800 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2805 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2806 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2810 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2811 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2813 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2814 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2815 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2819 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2822 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2828 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2829 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2830 * seriously broken system. */
2831 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2832 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2836 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2839 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2843 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2846 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2847 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2852 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2853 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2860 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2861 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2865 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2866 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2867 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2872 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2875 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2878 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2887 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2888 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2891 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2892 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2895 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2898 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2899 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2900 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2902 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2903 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2906 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2907 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2913 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2916 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2917 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2918 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2920 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2923 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2929 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2933 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2936 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2939 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2940 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2950 if (errno != EINVAL)
2957 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2958 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2959 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2960 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2961 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2963 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2967 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2968 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2970 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2973 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2986 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2992 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3000 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3001 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3004 if (!isempty(status)) {
3005 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3006 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3007 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3009 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3012 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3014 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3016 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3022 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3028 va_start(ap, format);
3029 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3035 int status_welcome(void) {
3037 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3039 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3040 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3041 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3043 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3044 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3046 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3047 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3048 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3049 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3052 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3059 const char *e, *word = format;
3064 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3075 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3084 } else if (*e == '$') {
3085 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3101 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3103 k = strappend(r, t);
3117 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3128 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3130 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3132 l = strv_length(argv);
3134 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3137 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3139 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3140 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3145 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3148 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3159 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3168 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3176 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3177 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3187 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3188 struct winsize ws = {};
3190 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3199 unsigned columns(void) {
3203 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3204 return cached_columns;
3207 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3212 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3221 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3222 struct winsize ws = {};
3224 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3233 unsigned lines(void) {
3237 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3238 return cached_lines;
3241 e = getenv("LINES");
3246 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3252 return cached_lines;
3255 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3256 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3262 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3264 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3265 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3267 return cached_on_tty;
3270 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3271 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3273 /* Only works as root */
3274 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3277 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3281 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3282 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3285 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3290 assert(percent <= 100);
3291 assert(new_length >= 3);
3293 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3294 return strndup(s, old_length);
3296 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3300 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3302 if (x > new_length - 3)
3310 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3311 new_length - x - 3);
3316 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3317 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3320 int touch(const char *path) {
3325 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3326 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3329 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3333 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3337 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3341 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3342 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3343 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3350 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3351 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3356 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3357 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3360 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3372 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3376 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3384 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3388 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3394 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3405 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3417 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3424 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3426 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3430 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3431 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3432 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3433 return status.si_status;
3436 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3439 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3440 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3442 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3446 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3450 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3452 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3453 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3461 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3464 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3467 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3473 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3478 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3481 return null_or_empty(&st);
3484 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3488 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
3494 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3501 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3505 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3507 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3508 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3513 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3517 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3518 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3520 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3524 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3530 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
3539 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3542 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3543 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3545 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3546 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3548 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3549 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3551 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3552 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3557 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3560 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3563 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3566 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3569 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3572 return streq(tty, "console");
3575 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3580 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3583 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3586 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3589 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3593 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3599 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3602 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3603 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3605 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3608 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3611 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3612 * /dev/console points to */
3613 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3622 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3623 char *active = NULL;
3628 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3631 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3632 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3643 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3646 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3649 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3652 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3655 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3656 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3657 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3663 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3666 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3667 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3668 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3671 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3674 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3677 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3680 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3684 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3685 * waits for them to finish. */
3688 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3690 if (errno == ENOENT)
3693 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3700 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3701 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3705 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3710 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3713 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3718 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3719 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3737 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3738 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3741 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3743 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3744 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3749 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3750 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3754 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3759 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3763 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3764 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3765 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3766 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3768 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3770 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3781 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3784 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3787 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3795 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3801 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3802 if (streq(i, needle))
3808 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3809 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3812 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3821 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3823 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3824 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3825 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3831 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3838 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3845 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3855 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3861 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3865 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3872 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3873 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3884 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3889 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3891 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3893 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3896 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3903 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3906 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3908 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3913 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3920 return pollfd.revents;
3923 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3934 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3938 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3942 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3944 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3950 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3963 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3966 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3972 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3975 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3979 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3980 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3985 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3989 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3990 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3991 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3993 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3996 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3997 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3998 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4000 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4005 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4006 "\033[H" /* move home */
4007 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4009 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4014 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4017 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4024 /* Try to deallocate */
4025 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4029 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4030 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4038 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4040 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4045 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4046 "\033[H" /* move home */
4047 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4049 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4054 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4060 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4064 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4066 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4074 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4078 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4089 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4091 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4093 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4101 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4102 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4112 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4114 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4117 unsigned long long ull;
4124 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4128 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4132 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4135 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4136 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4142 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4145 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4154 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4158 display[0] == ':' &&
4159 display[1] >= '0' &&
4163 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4170 if (!display_is_local(display))
4173 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4175 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4179 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4180 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4189 const char **username,
4190 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4192 const char **shell) {
4200 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4201 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4203 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4221 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4225 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4226 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4227 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4228 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4229 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4231 *username = p->pw_name;
4234 p = getpwnam(*username);
4238 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4250 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4255 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4260 return strdup("root");
4264 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4266 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4272 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4277 return strdup("root");
4281 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4283 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4289 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4295 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4296 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4298 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4299 *groupname = "root";
4307 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4312 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4315 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4319 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4327 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4329 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4331 if (getgid() == gid)
4334 if (getegid() == gid)
4337 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4338 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4340 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4342 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4346 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4353 int in_group(const char *name) {
4357 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4364 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4365 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4371 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4373 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4375 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4378 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4380 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4383 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4384 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4389 k = glob(optarg, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4391 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4393 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4395 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4396 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4398 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4399 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4407 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4413 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4416 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4420 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4421 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4422 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4423 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4424 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4425 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4426 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4432 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4436 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4442 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4443 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4454 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4462 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4463 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4472 union dirent_storage buf;
4475 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4484 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4486 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4490 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4494 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4503 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4505 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4529 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4543 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4548 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4572 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4586 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4587 static __thread int cached = 0;
4589 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4590 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4595 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4602 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4603 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4606 r = access(p, F_OK);
4614 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4615 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4618 r = access(p, F_OK);
4624 /* Get parent dev_t */
4625 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4628 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4634 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4640 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4641 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4644 r = access(p, F_OK);
4648 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4655 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4660 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4664 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4665 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4668 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4669 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4670 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4671 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4672 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4675 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4677 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4678 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4679 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4680 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4681 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4682 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4683 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4686 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4688 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4696 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4697 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4698 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4699 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4700 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4701 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4702 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4703 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4704 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4705 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4706 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4707 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4708 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4711 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4713 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4714 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4715 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4716 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4718 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4719 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4720 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4721 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4724 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4726 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4727 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4728 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4729 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4730 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4734 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4736 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4737 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4738 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4739 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4740 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4741 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4742 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4743 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4744 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4745 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4746 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4747 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4748 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4749 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4750 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4751 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4752 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4755 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4757 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4758 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4759 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4760 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4761 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4764 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4766 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4783 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4794 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4796 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4802 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4804 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4805 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4808 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4812 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4813 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4815 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4820 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4825 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4829 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4833 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4834 signo = (int) u + offset;
4835 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4841 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4842 bool loaded = false;
4845 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4853 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4871 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4873 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4882 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4889 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4892 static const struct {
4896 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4897 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4898 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4899 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4900 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4904 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4906 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4909 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4910 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4917 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4925 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4938 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4940 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4942 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4944 l == sizeof(value) &&
4945 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4949 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4956 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4958 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4960 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4962 l == sizeof(value) &&
4963 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4967 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4974 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4975 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4977 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4985 parent_pid = getpid();
4987 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4994 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5001 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5002 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5003 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5005 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5006 * to set the death signal */
5007 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5008 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5010 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5011 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5013 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5014 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5016 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5017 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5018 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5019 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5020 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5021 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5022 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5023 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5024 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5026 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5027 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5031 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5034 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5040 /* Count arguments */
5042 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5047 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5049 /* Fill in arguments */
5051 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5052 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5056 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5059 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5060 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5064 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5070 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5071 * to get as close as we can */
5072 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5074 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5075 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5077 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5083 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5084 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5096 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5098 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5100 f = fopen(path, "re");
5108 char line[LINE_MAX];
5111 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5115 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5125 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5126 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5140 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5143 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5146 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5149 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5152 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5155 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5161 bool in_initrd(void) {
5162 static __thread int saved = -1;
5168 /* We make two checks here:
5170 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5171 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5173 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5174 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5175 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5178 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5179 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5180 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5185 void warn_melody(void) {
5186 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5188 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5192 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5194 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5195 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5197 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5198 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5200 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5201 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5203 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5206 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5209 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5211 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5213 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5219 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5226 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5234 /* Take the user specified one */
5245 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5248 h = strdup("/root");
5256 /* Check the database... */
5260 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5262 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5265 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5273 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5287 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5293 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5298 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5299 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5302 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5309 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5314 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5315 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5321 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5326 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5329 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5332 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5333 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5336 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5342 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5343 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5344 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5353 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5354 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5357 else if (comparison > 0)
5365 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5367 static int cached_answer = -1;
5369 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5372 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5373 cached_answer = true;
5377 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5379 cached_answer = true;
5383 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5384 cached_answer = true;
5388 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true,
5389 * because CTYPE is effectly unset and
5390 * everything defaults to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5392 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5394 cached_answer = true;
5398 cached_answer = streq(set, "C");
5401 return (bool)cached_answer;
5404 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5405 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5407 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5408 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5409 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5410 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5411 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5413 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5414 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5415 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5416 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5417 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5418 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5422 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5425 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5428 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5434 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5435 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5448 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5454 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5455 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5463 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5475 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5476 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5481 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5483 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5489 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5491 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5493 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5497 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5502 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5504 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5505 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5506 else if (*i == '\t')
5513 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5516 } else if (*i == '[') {
5517 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5522 state = STATE_OTHER;
5529 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5530 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5533 state = STATE_OTHER;
5535 } else if (*i == 'm')
5536 state = STATE_OTHER;
5558 int on_ac_power(void) {
5559 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5560 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5562 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5568 union dirent_storage buf;
5569 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5574 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5581 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5584 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5586 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5592 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5594 if (errno == ENOENT)
5600 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5604 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5607 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5608 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5610 if (errno == ENOENT)
5616 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5620 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5623 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5624 found_online = true;
5626 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5627 found_offline = true;
5632 return found_online || !found_offline;
5635 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5642 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5645 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5646 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5649 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5659 if (errno != ENOENT)
5666 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5667 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5673 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5676 f = fopen(path, mode);
5685 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5689 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5692 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5693 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5695 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5698 f = fopen(path, mode);
5707 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5711 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5714 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5720 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5721 d = mkdtemp(template);
5724 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5728 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5734 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5735 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5738 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5742 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5744 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5746 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5750 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5764 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5771 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5778 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5783 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5792 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5802 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5816 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5824 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5828 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5835 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5839 if (*allocated >= need)
5842 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5852 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5858 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5860 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5863 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5864 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5865 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5869 } else if (l == 36) {
5871 /* Formatted UUID */
5873 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5876 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5880 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5881 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5882 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5893 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5898 *host = strchr(arg, '@');