1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
178 char * buf_old = buf;
224 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
225 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
226 * g_strescape() does the same */
227 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
229 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
230 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
231 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
237 return buf - buf_old;
240 int close_nointr(int fd) {
247 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
250 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
251 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
252 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
253 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
261 int safe_close(int fd) {
264 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
265 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
266 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
268 * fd = safe_close(fd);
274 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
275 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
276 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
277 * the fd was invalid at all... */
279 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
285 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
288 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
290 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
294 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
305 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
308 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
310 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
316 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
317 unsigned long ul = 0;
324 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
330 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
340 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
341 unsigned long ul = 0;
348 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
354 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
357 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
358 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
361 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
362 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
369 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
377 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
379 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
380 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
382 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
385 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
389 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
397 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
399 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
400 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
402 if ((long) (int) l != l)
409 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
417 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
419 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
420 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
422 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
429 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
437 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
439 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
440 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
442 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
449 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
457 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
459 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
460 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
462 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
469 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
471 unsigned long long l;
477 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
479 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
480 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
486 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
494 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
496 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
497 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
503 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
510 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
515 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
516 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
522 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
523 bool escaped = false;
526 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
529 else if (s[n] == '\\')
531 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
534 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
538 /* Split a string into words. */
539 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
545 assert(**state == '\0');
549 current += strspn(current, separator);
555 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
556 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
558 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
559 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
560 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
561 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
565 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
566 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
568 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
569 *state = current + *l;
571 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
572 *state = current + *l;
578 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
580 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
592 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
593 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
597 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
598 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
599 * skip over it manually */
601 p = strrchr(line, ')');
613 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
616 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
621 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
623 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
629 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
630 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
634 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
635 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
636 * skip over it manually */
638 p = strrchr(line, ')');
660 "%*d " /* priority */
662 "%*d " /* num_threads */
663 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
664 "%llu " /* starttime */,
671 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
676 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
682 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
685 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
689 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
693 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
697 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
698 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
702 p = strrchr(line, ')');
708 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
711 return (unsigned char) state;
714 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
721 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
723 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
730 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
731 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
739 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
745 if (max_length == 0) {
746 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
748 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
750 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
755 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
765 r = new(char, max_length);
771 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
793 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
800 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
802 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
810 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
814 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
823 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
835 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
840 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
844 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
847 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
852 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
858 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
860 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
863 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
869 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
871 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
876 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
883 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
884 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
888 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
895 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
896 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
906 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
911 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
916 if (startswith(l, field)) {
918 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
920 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
922 return parse_uid(l, uid);
929 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
930 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
933 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
934 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
935 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
938 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
943 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
945 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
948 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
953 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
955 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
958 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **environ) {
959 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
960 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
963 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
968 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
974 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
975 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
979 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
981 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
991 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
999 return strndup(suffix, b);
1008 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
1011 r = new(char, a+b+1);
1016 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1022 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1023 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1026 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1041 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1048 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1059 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1060 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1063 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1064 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1068 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1072 value = basename(link);
1076 value = strdup(value);
1085 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1086 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1093 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1097 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1105 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1112 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1116 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1123 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1128 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1131 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1132 struct sigaction sa = {
1133 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1134 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1137 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1138 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1141 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1142 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1143 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1144 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1151 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1154 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1157 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1163 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1166 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1167 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1169 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1171 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1172 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1180 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1183 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1185 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1186 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1197 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1204 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1205 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1208 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1209 return strdup(filename);
1211 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1212 return strdup(filename);
1214 k = strlen(filename);
1215 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1218 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1219 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1224 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1233 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1234 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1240 /* Skip last component */
1241 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1244 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1245 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1251 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1254 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1263 if (errno != ENOENT)
1270 char hexchar(int x) {
1271 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1273 return table[x & 15];
1276 int unhexchar(char c) {
1278 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1281 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1282 return c - 'a' + 10;
1284 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1285 return c - 'A' + 10;
1290 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1294 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1298 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1299 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1300 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1307 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1313 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1317 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1320 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1322 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1326 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1333 char octchar(int x) {
1334 return '0' + (x & 7);
1337 int unoctchar(char c) {
1339 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1345 char decchar(int x) {
1346 return '0' + (x % 10);
1349 int undecchar(char c) {
1351 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1357 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1363 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1365 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1369 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1370 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1377 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1384 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1386 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1388 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1393 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1395 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1438 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1443 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1446 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1447 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1449 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1450 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1454 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1469 /* octal encoding */
1472 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1473 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1474 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1476 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1477 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1481 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1489 /* premature end of string.*/
1494 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1506 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1507 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1510 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1513 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1516 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1520 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1521 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1524 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1528 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1530 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1531 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1534 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1535 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1545 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1550 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1551 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1552 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1557 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1561 filename[0] == '.' ||
1562 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1563 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1564 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1565 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1566 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1567 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1568 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1569 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1570 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1571 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1574 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1577 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1580 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1583 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1588 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1593 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1595 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1597 if (nflags == flags)
1600 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1606 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1611 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1616 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1618 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1620 if (nflags == flags)
1623 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1629 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1632 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1634 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1641 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1642 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1646 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1648 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1653 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1654 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1657 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1658 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1660 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1663 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1664 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1671 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1674 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1677 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1678 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1687 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1690 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1691 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1692 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1700 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1703 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1704 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1711 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1712 static const char table[] =
1726 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1730 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1734 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1736 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1742 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1746 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1749 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1752 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1758 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1759 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1760 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1765 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1766 new_termios = old_termios;
1768 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1769 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1770 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1772 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1775 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1776 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1777 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1782 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1784 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1790 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1797 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1798 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1803 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1804 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1808 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1818 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1828 bool need_nl = true;
1831 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1838 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1842 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1845 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1846 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1857 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1862 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1866 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1871 char line[LINE_MAX];
1875 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1882 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1887 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1888 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1890 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1909 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1910 struct termios termios;
1913 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1917 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1918 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1919 * interfere with that. */
1921 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1922 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1924 /* Switch to text mode */
1926 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1928 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1929 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1931 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1936 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1937 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1938 * else will do that for us */
1940 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1941 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1942 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1943 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1944 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1946 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1947 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1948 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1949 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1950 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1951 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1952 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1953 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1954 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1955 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1956 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1957 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1958 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1960 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1961 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1963 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1967 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1968 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1973 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1974 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1976 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1980 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1983 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1988 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1989 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1990 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1991 * retrying a couple of times.
1993 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1996 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1999 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
2006 /* Max 1s in total */
2010 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2028 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2029 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2039 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2049 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2055 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2064 int acquire_terminal(
2068 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2071 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2076 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2077 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2078 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2080 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2081 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2082 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2083 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2084 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2085 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2086 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2087 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2089 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2090 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2092 if (!fail && !force) {
2093 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2099 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2107 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2108 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2109 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2113 r = flush_fd(notify);
2118 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2119 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2120 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2121 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2125 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2126 * if we already own the tty. */
2127 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2129 /* First, try to get the tty */
2130 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2133 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2135 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2136 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2137 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2138 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2141 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2150 assert(notify >= 0);
2153 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2155 struct inotify_event *e;
2157 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2160 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2161 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2166 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2176 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2179 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2186 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2191 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2196 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2197 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2199 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2206 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2207 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2208 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2209 * an endless loop. */
2210 fd = safe_close(fd);
2215 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2217 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2228 int release_terminal(void) {
2229 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2230 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2231 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2234 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2235 struct sigaction sa_old;
2238 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2242 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2243 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2244 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2246 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2249 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2254 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2259 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2260 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2267 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2268 struct sigaction sa = {
2269 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2270 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2275 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2279 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2280 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2287 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2288 struct sigaction sa = {
2289 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2290 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2295 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2299 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2300 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2307 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2311 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2313 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2317 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2318 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2321 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2328 while (nbytes > 0) {
2331 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2332 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2335 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2337 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2338 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2341 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2346 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2356 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2357 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2363 while (nbytes > 0) {
2366 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2367 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2370 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2372 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2373 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2376 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2381 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2391 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2393 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2394 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2395 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2396 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2397 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2398 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2399 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2401 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2402 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2403 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2404 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2409 unsigned long long factor;
2412 static const struct table iec[] = {
2413 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2414 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2415 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2416 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2417 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2423 static const struct table si[] = {
2424 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2425 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2426 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2427 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2428 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2434 const struct table *table;
2436 unsigned long long r = 0;
2437 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2440 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2445 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2448 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2454 unsigned long long l2;
2460 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2473 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2476 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2477 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2479 if (errno == ERANGE)
2482 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2489 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2491 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2492 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2493 unsigned long long tmp;
2494 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2496 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2497 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2501 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2504 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2520 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2525 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2526 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2527 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2532 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2535 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2540 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2543 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2547 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2550 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2552 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2553 * sysfs or in /dev */
2556 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2557 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2560 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2561 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2572 if (!de && errno != 0)
2578 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2583 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2584 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2601 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2602 static int have_syscall = -1;
2606 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2607 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2608 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2609 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2610 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2611 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2613 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2614 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2615 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2616 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2618 have_syscall = true;
2623 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2624 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2625 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2626 have_syscall = false;
2627 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2628 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2629 * remember to use the syscall the
2630 * next time, again, but also read
2631 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2632 * doesn't care about the current
2633 * amount of entropy. */
2634 have_syscall = true;
2638 /* too short read? */
2642 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2644 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2646 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2651 if ((size_t) k != n)
2657 void initialize_srand(void) {
2658 static bool srand_called = false;
2660 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2669 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2670 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2671 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2672 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2674 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2676 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2679 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2680 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2683 srand_called = true;
2686 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2690 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2694 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2695 * get a PRNG instead. */
2699 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2703 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2706 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2707 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2708 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2709 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2710 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2711 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2714 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2716 if (program_invocation_name)
2717 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2719 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2723 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2725 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2729 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2734 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2741 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2742 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2746 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2751 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2754 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2755 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2758 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2764 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2767 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2769 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2770 return strdup(u.nodename);
2772 return strdup(u.sysname);
2775 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2778 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2780 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2783 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2786 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2787 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2789 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2791 return strdup("root");
2793 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2797 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2801 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2802 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2804 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2810 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2814 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2819 return lookup_uid(uid);
2822 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2829 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2832 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2833 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2838 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2844 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2852 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2856 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2860 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2862 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2869 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2871 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2873 unsigned long ttynr;
2877 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2878 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2882 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2892 "%*d " /* session */
2897 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2906 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2907 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2908 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2915 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2919 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2921 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2927 /* This is an ugly hack */
2928 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2929 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2933 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2934 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2935 * vaguely useful. */
2941 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2943 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2961 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2962 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2967 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2968 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2974 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2979 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2986 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2991 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2994 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2996 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2997 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2998 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3003 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3006 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3007 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3009 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3010 keep_around = false;
3016 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3017 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3020 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3021 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3022 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3023 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3028 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3029 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3033 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3034 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3038 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3040 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3041 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3048 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3051 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3052 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3055 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3060 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3065 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3066 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3068 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3069 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3074 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3077 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3082 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3086 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3087 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3090 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3096 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3097 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3098 * seriously broken system. */
3099 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3100 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3104 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3107 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3111 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3114 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3115 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3120 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3121 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3128 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3133 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3134 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3140 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3143 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3146 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3155 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3156 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3159 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3160 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3163 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3166 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3167 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3168 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3170 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3171 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3174 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3175 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3181 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3184 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3185 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3186 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3188 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3189 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3192 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3193 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3199 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3203 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3206 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3209 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3210 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3220 if (errno != EINVAL)
3227 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3228 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3229 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3230 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3231 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3233 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3237 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3238 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3240 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3243 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3256 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3262 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3270 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3271 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3274 if (!isempty(status)) {
3275 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3276 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3277 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3279 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3282 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3284 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3286 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3292 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3298 va_start(ap, format);
3299 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3305 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3312 const char *e, *word = format;
3317 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3328 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3338 } else if (*e == '$') {
3339 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3356 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3358 k = strappend(r, t);
3372 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3384 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3386 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3388 l = strv_length(argv);
3390 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3394 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3396 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3397 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3402 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3406 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3418 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3428 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3436 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3437 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3449 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3450 struct winsize ws = {};
3452 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3461 unsigned columns(void) {
3465 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3466 return cached_columns;
3469 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3471 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3474 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3483 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3484 struct winsize ws = {};
3486 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3495 unsigned lines(void) {
3499 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3500 return cached_lines;
3503 e = getenv("LINES");
3505 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3508 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3514 return cached_lines;
3517 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3518 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3524 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3526 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3527 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3529 return cached_on_tty;
3532 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3535 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3538 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3541 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3542 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3545 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3548 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3555 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3560 assert(percent <= 100);
3561 assert(new_length >= 3);
3563 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3564 return strndup(s, old_length);
3566 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3570 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3572 if (x > new_length - 3)
3580 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3581 new_length - x - 3);
3586 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3590 unsigned k, len, len2;
3593 assert(percent <= 100);
3594 assert(new_length >= 3);
3596 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3597 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3598 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3600 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3601 return strndup(s, old_length);
3603 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3605 if (x > new_length - 3)
3609 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3612 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3615 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3618 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3621 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3624 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3625 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3628 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3632 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3634 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3636 /* make space for ellipsis */
3637 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3640 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3641 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3646 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3647 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3651 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3655 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3660 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3661 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3664 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3665 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3671 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3673 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3678 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3683 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3684 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3689 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3690 struct timespec ts[2];
3692 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3694 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3696 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3703 int touch(const char *path) {
3704 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3707 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3711 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3712 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3713 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3720 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3721 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3726 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3727 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3731 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3741 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3746 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3747 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3749 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3753 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3756 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3767 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3781 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3782 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3783 * failed for an unknown reason.
3784 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3787 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3788 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3790 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3797 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3799 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3803 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3804 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3805 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3806 return status.si_status;
3809 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3812 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3813 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3815 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3819 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3823 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3825 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3826 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3834 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3837 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3840 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3846 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3851 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3854 return null_or_empty(&st);
3857 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3862 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3865 return null_or_empty(&st);
3868 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3872 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3874 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3887 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3891 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3893 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3894 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3899 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3900 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3903 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3907 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3908 t = new(char, enc_len);
3912 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3915 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3918 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3921 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3922 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3924 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3925 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3927 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3928 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3930 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3931 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3936 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3939 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3942 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3945 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3948 return streq(tty, "console");
3951 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3956 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3959 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3962 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3965 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3969 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3975 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3978 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3979 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3981 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3984 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3987 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3988 * /dev/console points to */
3989 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3995 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3998 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3999 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
4001 tty = *active = tmp;
4008 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4009 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
4013 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4016 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
4017 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
4022 return tty_is_vc(tty);
4025 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4028 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4031 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4034 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4037 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4038 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4039 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4045 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4048 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4049 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4050 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4053 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4056 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4059 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4065 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4066 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
4068 executor_pid = fork();
4069 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4070 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4073 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4074 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4075 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
4078 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
4079 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
4082 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4083 reset_signal_mask();
4085 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4088 d = _d = opendir(directory);
4090 if (errno == ENOENT)
4091 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4093 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4094 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4098 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4101 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4104 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4105 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4108 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4111 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4114 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4119 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4121 } else if (pid == 0) {
4124 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4134 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4135 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4138 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4140 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4143 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4149 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4150 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4151 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4153 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4154 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4156 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4157 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4160 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4163 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4166 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
4169 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4172 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
4175 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4178 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4186 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4192 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4193 if (streq(i, needle))
4199 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4200 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4203 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4212 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4214 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4215 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4216 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4222 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4229 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4236 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4246 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4252 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4256 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4263 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4264 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4275 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4280 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4282 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4285 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4286 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4295 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4296 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4298 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4303 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4310 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4313 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4315 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4323 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4330 return pollfd.revents;
4333 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4342 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4346 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4352 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4365 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4368 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4374 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4375 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4377 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4381 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4384 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4388 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4389 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4390 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4392 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4395 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4396 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4397 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4399 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4404 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4405 "\033[H" /* move home */
4406 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4413 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4416 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4423 /* Try to deallocate */
4424 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4428 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4437 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4439 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4444 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4445 "\033[H" /* move home */
4446 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4453 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4454 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4459 t = tempfn_random(to);
4463 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4466 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4474 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4475 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4479 t = tempfn_random(path);
4483 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4486 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4494 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4495 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4499 t = tempfn_random(path);
4503 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4506 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4514 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4518 display[0] == ':' &&
4519 display[1] >= '0' &&
4523 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4530 if (!display_is_local(display))
4533 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4535 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4539 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4540 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4549 const char **username,
4550 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4552 const char **shell) {
4560 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4561 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4563 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4581 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4585 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4586 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4587 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4588 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4589 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4591 *username = p->pw_name;
4594 p = getpwnam(*username);
4598 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4610 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4615 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4620 return strdup("root");
4624 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4626 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4632 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4637 return strdup("root");
4641 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4643 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4649 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4655 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4656 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4658 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4659 *groupname = "root";
4667 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4672 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4675 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4679 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4687 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4689 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4691 if (getgid() == gid)
4694 if (getegid() == gid)
4697 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4698 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4700 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4702 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4706 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4713 int in_group(const char *name) {
4717 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4724 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4725 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4731 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4733 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4735 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4738 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4740 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4743 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4744 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4749 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4751 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4753 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4755 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4756 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4758 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4759 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4767 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4773 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4776 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4780 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4781 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4782 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4783 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4784 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4785 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4786 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4792 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4793 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4794 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4795 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4799 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4800 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4812 if (!de && errno != 0)
4817 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4819 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4823 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4824 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4827 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4838 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4844 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4858 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4863 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4887 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4901 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4902 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4904 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4905 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4910 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4917 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4918 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4921 r = access(p, F_OK);
4929 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4930 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4933 r = access(p, F_OK);
4939 /* Get parent dev_t */
4940 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4943 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4949 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4955 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4956 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4959 r = access(p, F_OK);
4963 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4970 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4971 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4972 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4973 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4974 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4977 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4979 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4980 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4981 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4982 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4983 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4984 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4985 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4988 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4990 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4991 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4992 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4993 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4994 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4995 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4996 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4997 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4998 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4999 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5000 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5001 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5002 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5003 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5004 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5005 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5006 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5007 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5008 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5009 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5010 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5013 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5015 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5016 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5017 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5018 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5020 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5021 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5022 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5023 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5026 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5028 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5029 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5030 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5031 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5032 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5036 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5038 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5039 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5040 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5041 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5042 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5043 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5044 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5045 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5046 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5047 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5048 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5049 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5050 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5051 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5052 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5053 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5054 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5057 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5059 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5060 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5061 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5062 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5063 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5066 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5068 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5085 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5096 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5098 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5104 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5106 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5107 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5110 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5114 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5115 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5117 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5122 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5127 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5131 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5135 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5136 signo = (int) u + offset;
5137 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5143 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5144 bool loaded = false;
5147 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5155 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5157 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5166 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5173 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5176 static const struct {
5180 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5181 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5182 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5183 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5184 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5188 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5190 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5193 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5194 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5201 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5209 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5222 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5224 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5226 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5227 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5230 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5233 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5234 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5240 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5242 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5244 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5245 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5248 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5251 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5252 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5257 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5258 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5259 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5260 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5268 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5271 parent_pid = getpid();
5273 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5274 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5275 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5276 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5277 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5280 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5281 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5285 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5286 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5293 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5294 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5295 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5297 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5298 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5299 * SIGTERM or so... */
5300 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5301 reset_signal_mask();
5303 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5304 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5305 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5306 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5308 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5309 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5311 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5312 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5314 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5317 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5318 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5319 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5320 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5321 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5322 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5323 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5324 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5326 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5327 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5331 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5334 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5340 /* Count arguments */
5342 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5347 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5349 /* Fill in arguments */
5351 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5352 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5356 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5359 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5360 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5364 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5370 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5371 * to get as close as we can */
5372 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5374 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5375 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5377 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5383 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5384 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5395 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5397 f = fopen(path, "re");
5405 char line[LINE_MAX];
5408 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5412 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5422 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5423 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5437 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5440 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5443 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5446 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5449 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5452 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5458 bool in_initrd(void) {
5459 static int saved = -1;
5465 /* We make two checks here:
5467 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5468 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5470 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5471 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5472 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5475 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5476 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5477 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5482 void warn_melody(void) {
5483 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5485 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5489 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5491 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5492 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5494 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5495 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5497 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5498 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5500 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5503 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5506 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5508 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5510 log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5516 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5523 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5531 /* Take the user specified one */
5532 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5533 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5542 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5545 h = strdup("/root");
5553 /* Check the database... */
5557 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5559 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5562 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5570 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5578 /* Take the user specified one */
5579 e = getenv("SHELL");
5589 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5592 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5600 /* Check the database... */
5604 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5606 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5609 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5617 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5631 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5637 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5643 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5644 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5647 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5655 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5656 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5658 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5663 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5664 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5667 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5677 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5682 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5685 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5688 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5689 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5692 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5698 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5699 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5700 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5709 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5710 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5713 else if (comparison > 0)
5721 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5723 static int cached_answer = -1;
5725 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5728 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5729 cached_answer = true;
5733 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5735 cached_answer = true;
5739 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5740 cached_answer = true;
5744 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5745 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5746 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5748 cached_answer = true;
5752 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5756 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5757 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5761 return (bool) cached_answer;
5764 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5765 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5768 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5769 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5770 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5771 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5772 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5773 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5774 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5775 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5778 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5779 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5780 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5781 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5782 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5783 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5784 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5785 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5790 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5793 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5796 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5802 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5803 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5816 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5822 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5823 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5831 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5843 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5844 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5849 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5851 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5857 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5859 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5861 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5865 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5870 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5872 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5873 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5874 else if (*i == '\t')
5881 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5884 } else if (*i == '[') {
5885 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5890 state = STATE_OTHER;
5897 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5898 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5901 state = STATE_OTHER;
5903 } else if (*i == 'm')
5904 state = STATE_OTHER;
5926 int on_ac_power(void) {
5927 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5928 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5930 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5936 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5942 if (!de && errno != 0)
5948 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5951 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5953 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5959 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5961 if (errno == ENOENT)
5967 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5971 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5975 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5977 if (errno == ENOENT)
5983 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5987 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5990 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5991 found_online = true;
5993 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5994 found_offline = true;
5999 return found_online || !found_offline;
6002 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
6009 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
6012 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
6013 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
6017 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6019 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6029 if (errno != ENOENT)
6036 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6037 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6043 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6046 f = fopen(path, mode);
6055 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6059 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6062 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6063 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6065 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6068 f = fopen(path, mode);
6077 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6081 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6084 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6091 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6098 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6103 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6112 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6122 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6136 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6144 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6148 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6155 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6162 if (*allocated >= need)
6165 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6166 a = newalloc * size;
6168 /* check for overflows */
6169 if (a < size * need)
6177 *allocated = newalloc;
6181 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6190 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6194 if (*allocated > prev)
6195 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6200 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6206 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6208 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6211 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6212 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6213 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6217 } else if (l == 36) {
6219 /* Formatted UUID */
6221 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6224 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6228 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6229 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6230 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6241 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6256 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6260 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6272 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6273 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6276 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6282 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6285 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6288 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6289 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6291 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6294 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6295 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6301 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6307 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6310 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6316 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6318 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6321 value = strchr(word, '=');
6325 r = parse_item(word, value);
6333 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6334 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6341 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6347 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6350 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6356 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6358 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6362 e = startswith(word, key);
6366 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6372 if (streq(word, key))
6386 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6387 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6395 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6396 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6404 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6407 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6417 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6418 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6426 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6427 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6435 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6436 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6444 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6445 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6453 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6454 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6460 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6463 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6466 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6471 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6476 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6479 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6483 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6487 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6491 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6494 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6498 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6501 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6504 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6510 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6511 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6516 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6519 return errno != ESRCH;
6522 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6525 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6530 r = get_process_state(pid);
6531 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6537 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6538 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6545 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6549 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6552 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6553 * to namespacing issues */
6556 if (u.uid == (uid_t) -1)
6558 if (u.gid == (gid_t) -1)
6565 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6577 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6581 if (errno != ERANGE)
6588 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6604 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6605 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6606 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6613 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6620 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6627 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6628 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6633 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6634 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6636 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6644 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6647 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6650 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6651 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6653 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6654 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6656 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6657 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6662 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6664 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6665 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6666 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6667 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6668 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6669 * used by libseccomp. */
6671 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6673 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6676 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6679 #elif defined(__i386__)
6681 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6685 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6686 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6687 * as error indicator. */
6688 return 0xffffffffUL;
6691 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6693 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6695 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6701 #elif defined(__i386__)
6710 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6713 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6714 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6716 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6719 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6722 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6724 struct mntent me = {
6725 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6730 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6736 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6739 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6740 const uint8_t *b = p;
6743 assert(s == 0 || b);
6748 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6750 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6755 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6763 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6768 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6782 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6787 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6789 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6790 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6792 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6797 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6801 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6802 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6803 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6806 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6811 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6812 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6816 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6819 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6820 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6821 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6822 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6823 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6824 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6825 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6826 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6827 "- " /* (8) separator */
6828 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6829 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6830 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6831 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6840 p = cunescape(path);
6844 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6847 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6863 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6864 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6865 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6868 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6869 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6870 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6871 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6872 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6873 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6874 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6875 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6876 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6877 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6878 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6879 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6880 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6882 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6886 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6888 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6893 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6894 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6895 bool top_autofs = false;
6898 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6902 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6903 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6907 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6910 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6911 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6912 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6913 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6914 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6915 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6916 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6917 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6918 "- " /* (8) separator */
6919 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6920 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6921 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6922 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6932 p = cunescape(path);
6936 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6937 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6938 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6939 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6940 * already triggered, then we will find
6941 * another entry for this. */
6942 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6943 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6947 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6948 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6950 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6960 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6961 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6963 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6964 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6967 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6968 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6969 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6970 * mount, make it one. */
6971 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6974 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6977 x = strdup(cleaned);
6981 r = set_consume(done, x);
6986 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6988 r = set_consume(done, x);
6994 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6996 /* Deal with mount points that are
6997 * obstructed by a later mount */
6999 if (errno != ENOENT)
7007 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
7014 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7019 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
7026 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
7033 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
7038 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
7047 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
7054 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
7057 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7058 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7067 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7068 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7071 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7072 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7074 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7075 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7076 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7077 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7078 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7079 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7080 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7081 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7084 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7086 struct flock flock = {
7088 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7096 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7097 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7098 * our own trivial version of this.
7100 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7101 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7102 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7103 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7104 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7107 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7109 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7111 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7115 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7124 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7127 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7130 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7133 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7138 r = stat(path, &st);
7140 r = lstat(path, &st);
7144 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7147 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7148 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7149 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7156 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7158 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7166 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7167 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7168 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7169 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7179 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7189 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7191 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7193 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7194 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7197 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7212 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7225 } else if (c == '\'')
7228 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7230 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7238 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7245 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7249 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7258 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7260 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7268 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7275 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7279 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7285 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7307 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7312 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7313 * quotes if necessary. */
7317 /* Count how many words are expected */
7320 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7329 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7330 l = newa0(char*, n);
7331 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7333 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7337 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7347 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7350 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7353 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7363 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7368 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7369 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7384 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7386 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7390 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7397 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));