1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
79 char **saved_argv = NULL;
81 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
82 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
84 size_t page_size(void) {
85 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
88 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
91 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
98 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
100 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
111 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
118 pl = strlen(postfix);
121 return (char*) s + sl;
126 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
129 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
132 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
147 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
151 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
154 int close_nointr(int fd) {
160 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
161 * thing to do on Linux.
163 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
164 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
165 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
166 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
168 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
176 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
179 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
182 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
185 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
188 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
190 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
191 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
194 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
205 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
208 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
210 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
216 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
217 unsigned long ul = 0;
224 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
230 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
240 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
241 unsigned long ul = 0;
248 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
254 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
261 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
269 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
271 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
272 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
274 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
277 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
281 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
289 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
291 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
292 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
294 if ((long) (int) l != l)
301 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
303 unsigned long long l;
309 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
311 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
312 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
318 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
326 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
328 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
329 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
335 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
342 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
347 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
348 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
354 /* Split a string into words. */
355 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
358 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
360 if (!*current || *c == 0)
363 current += strspn(current, separator);
364 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
367 return (char*) current;
370 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
371 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
372 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
374 bool escaped = false;
376 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
378 if (!*current || *c == 0)
381 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
383 if (*current == '\'') {
386 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
396 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
397 } else if (*current == '\"') {
400 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
410 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
412 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
417 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
424 return (char*) current;
427 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
429 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
442 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
447 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
448 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
452 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
453 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
454 * skip over it manually */
456 p = strrchr(line, ')');
468 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
471 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
476 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
477 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
485 p = "/proc/self/stat";
487 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
493 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
500 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
501 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
502 * skip over it manually */
504 p = strrchr(line, ')');
526 "%*d " /* priority */
528 "%*d " /* num_threads */
529 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
530 "%llu " /* starttime */,
537 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
542 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
548 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
551 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
555 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
562 p = "/proc/self/comm";
564 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
566 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
569 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
570 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
579 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
581 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
587 if (max_length == 0) {
588 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
590 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
592 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
597 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
607 r = new(char, max_length);
613 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
635 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
642 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
643 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
652 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
656 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
667 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
679 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
684 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
688 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
691 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
696 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
703 p = "/proc/self/status";
705 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
707 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
710 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
719 p = "/proc/self/exe";
721 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
723 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
727 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
734 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
735 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
745 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
750 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
755 if (startswith(l, field)) {
757 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
759 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
761 return parse_uid(l, uid);
768 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
769 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
772 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
773 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
774 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
777 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
785 return strndup(suffix, b);
794 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
797 r = new(char, a+b+1);
802 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
808 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
809 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
812 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
822 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
825 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
831 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
842 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
843 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
850 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
854 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
862 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
869 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
873 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
880 path_kill_slashes(*r);
885 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
888 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
889 struct sigaction sa = {
890 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
891 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
894 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
897 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
898 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
899 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
907 char *strstrip(char *s) {
910 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
911 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
913 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
915 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
916 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
924 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
927 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
929 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
941 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
948 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
954 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
961 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
962 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
965 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
966 return strdup(filename);
968 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
969 return strdup(filename);
971 k = strlen(filename);
972 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
975 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
976 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
981 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
990 /* Skip trailing slashes */
991 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
997 /* Skip last component */
998 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1001 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1002 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1008 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1011 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1020 if (errno != ENOENT)
1027 char hexchar(int x) {
1028 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1030 return table[x & 15];
1033 int unhexchar(char c) {
1035 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1038 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1039 return c - 'a' + 10;
1041 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1042 return c - 'A' + 10;
1047 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1051 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1055 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1056 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1057 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1064 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1070 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1074 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1077 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1079 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1083 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1090 char octchar(int x) {
1091 return '0' + (x & 7);
1094 int unoctchar(char c) {
1096 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1102 char decchar(int x) {
1103 return '0' + (x % 10);
1106 int undecchar(char c) {
1108 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1114 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1120 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1122 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1126 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1172 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1173 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1174 * g_strescape() does the same */
1175 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1177 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1178 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1190 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1197 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1199 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1201 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1206 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1208 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1251 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1256 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1259 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1260 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1262 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1263 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1267 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1282 /* octal encoding */
1285 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1286 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1287 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1289 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1290 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1294 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1302 /* premature end of string.*/
1307 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1319 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1320 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1323 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1326 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1329 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1333 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1334 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1337 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1341 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1343 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1344 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1347 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1348 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1358 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1364 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1365 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1366 * case the empty string. */
1371 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1375 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1377 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1378 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1380 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1381 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1382 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1384 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1385 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1395 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1400 /* Special case for the empty string */
1404 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1408 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1413 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1414 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1415 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1418 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1430 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1435 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1436 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1437 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1442 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1446 filename[0] == '.' ||
1447 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1448 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1449 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1450 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1451 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1452 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1453 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1454 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1455 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1458 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1461 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1464 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1467 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1472 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1476 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1478 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1480 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1486 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1491 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1495 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1497 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1499 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1505 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1508 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1510 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1517 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1522 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1524 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1529 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1530 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1533 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1534 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1536 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1539 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1540 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1547 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1550 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1553 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1554 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1563 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1566 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1567 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1568 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1577 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1580 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1581 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1588 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1589 static const char table[] =
1599 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1603 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1605 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1611 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1615 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1618 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1621 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1627 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1628 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1630 char line[LINE_MAX];
1635 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1636 new_termios = old_termios;
1638 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1639 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1640 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1642 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1645 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1646 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1647 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1652 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1654 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1660 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1667 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1668 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1671 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1676 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1686 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1696 bool need_nl = true;
1699 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1706 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1710 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1713 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1714 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1725 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1730 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1734 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1735 struct termios termios;
1738 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1742 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1743 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1744 * interfere with that. */
1746 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1747 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1749 /* Switch to text mode */
1751 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1753 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1754 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1756 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1761 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1762 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1763 * else will do that for us */
1765 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1766 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1767 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1768 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1769 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1771 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1772 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1773 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1774 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1775 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1776 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1777 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1778 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1779 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1780 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1781 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1782 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1783 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1785 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1786 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1788 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1792 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1793 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1798 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1801 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1805 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1806 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1811 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1816 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1817 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1818 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1819 * retrying a couple of times.
1821 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1824 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1827 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1834 /* Max 1s in total */
1838 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1847 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1852 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1859 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1860 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1870 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1880 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1886 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1895 int acquire_terminal(
1899 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1902 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1907 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1908 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1909 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1911 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1912 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1913 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1914 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1915 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1916 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1917 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1918 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1920 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1921 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1923 if (!fail && !force) {
1924 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1930 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1938 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1939 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1940 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1944 r = flush_fd(notify);
1949 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1950 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1951 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1952 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1956 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1957 * if we already own the tty. */
1958 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1960 /* First, try to get the tty */
1961 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1964 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1966 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1967 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1968 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1969 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1972 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1981 assert(notify >= 0);
1984 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1986 struct inotify_event *e;
1988 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1991 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1992 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1997 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2007 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2010 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2017 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2022 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2027 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2028 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2030 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2037 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2038 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2039 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2040 * an endless loop. */
2041 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2045 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2047 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2049 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2055 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2058 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2063 int release_terminal(void) {
2065 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2066 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2067 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2069 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2071 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2075 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2076 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2077 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2079 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2082 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2087 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2092 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2093 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2100 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2101 struct sigaction sa = {
2102 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2103 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2109 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2113 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2114 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2121 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2122 struct sigaction sa = {
2123 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2124 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2129 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2133 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2134 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2141 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2147 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2152 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2156 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2159 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2168 while (nbytes > 0) {
2171 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2173 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2176 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2177 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2182 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2186 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2189 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2190 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2195 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2206 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2215 while (nbytes > 0) {
2218 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2221 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2224 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2225 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2230 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2234 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2237 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2238 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2243 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2254 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2255 static const struct {
2257 unsigned long long factor;
2261 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2262 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2263 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2264 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2265 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 unsigned long long r = 0;
2282 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2293 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2295 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2296 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2297 unsigned long long tmp;
2298 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2300 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2301 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2305 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2308 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2312 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2322 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2327 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2328 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2329 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2332 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2334 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2337 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2342 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2345 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2349 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2352 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2354 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2355 * sysfs or in /dev */
2358 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2359 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2362 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2363 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2372 union dirent_storage buf;
2374 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2381 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2386 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2387 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2404 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2405 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2409 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2413 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2414 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2420 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2423 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2426 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2427 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2428 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2429 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2430 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2431 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2434 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2436 if (program_invocation_name)
2437 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2439 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2443 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2445 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2449 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2454 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2461 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2462 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2466 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2469 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2471 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2472 return strdup(u.nodename);
2474 return strdup(u.sysname);
2477 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2480 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2482 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2485 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2488 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2489 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2491 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2493 return strdup("root");
2495 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2499 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2503 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2504 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2506 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2512 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2516 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2521 return lookup_uid(uid);
2524 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2531 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2534 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2535 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2540 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2546 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2554 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2558 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2562 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2564 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2571 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2572 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2573 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2574 unsigned long ttynr;
2582 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2584 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2586 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2590 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2591 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2595 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2605 "%*d " /* session */
2610 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2617 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2619 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2624 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2628 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2630 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2636 /* This is an ugly hack */
2637 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2638 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2648 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2649 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2650 * vaguely useful. */
2663 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2665 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2683 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2689 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2690 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2694 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2696 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2701 union dirent_storage buf;
2702 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2706 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2707 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2715 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2718 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2720 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2721 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2722 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2727 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2730 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2731 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2733 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2734 keep_around = false;
2740 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2741 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2744 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2745 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2746 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2747 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2752 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2753 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2757 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2758 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2762 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2764 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2765 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2776 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2779 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2780 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2783 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2788 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2789 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2793 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2794 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2796 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2797 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2798 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2802 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2805 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2811 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2812 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2813 * seriously broken system. */
2814 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2815 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2819 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2822 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2826 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2829 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2830 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2835 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2836 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2843 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2844 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2848 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2849 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2850 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2855 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2858 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2861 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2870 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2871 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2874 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2875 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2878 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2881 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2882 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2883 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2885 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2886 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2889 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2890 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2896 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2899 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2900 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2901 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2903 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2906 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2912 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2916 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2919 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2922 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2923 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2933 if (errno != EINVAL)
2940 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2941 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2942 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2943 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2944 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2946 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2950 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2951 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2953 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2956 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2969 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2975 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2983 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2984 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2987 if (!isempty(status)) {
2988 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2989 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2990 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2992 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2995 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2997 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2999 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3005 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3011 va_start(ap, format);
3012 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3018 int status_welcome(void) {
3020 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3022 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3023 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3024 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3026 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3027 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3029 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3030 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3031 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3032 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3035 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3042 const char *e, *word = format;
3047 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3058 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3067 } else if (*e == '$') {
3068 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3084 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3086 k = strappend(r, t);
3100 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3111 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3113 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3115 l = strv_length(argv);
3117 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3120 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3122 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3123 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3128 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3131 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3142 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3151 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3159 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3160 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3170 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3171 struct winsize ws = {};
3173 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3182 unsigned columns(void) {
3186 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3187 return cached_columns;
3190 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3195 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3204 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3205 struct winsize ws = {};
3207 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3216 unsigned lines(void) {
3220 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3221 return cached_lines;
3224 e = getenv("LINES");
3229 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3235 return cached_lines;
3238 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3239 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3245 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3247 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3248 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3250 return cached_on_tty;
3253 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3254 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3256 /* Only works as root */
3257 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3260 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3264 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3265 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3268 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3273 assert(percent <= 100);
3274 assert(new_length >= 3);
3276 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3277 return strndup(s, old_length);
3279 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3283 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3285 if (x > new_length - 3)
3293 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3294 new_length - x - 3);
3299 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3300 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3303 int touch(const char *path) {
3308 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3309 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3312 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3316 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3320 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3324 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3325 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3326 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3333 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3334 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3339 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3340 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3343 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3355 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3359 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3367 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3371 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3377 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3388 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3400 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3407 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3409 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3413 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3414 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3415 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3416 return status.si_status;
3419 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3422 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3423 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3425 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3429 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3433 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3435 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3436 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3444 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3447 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3450 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3456 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3461 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3464 return null_or_empty(&st);
3467 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3471 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3473 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3479 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3486 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3490 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3492 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3493 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3498 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3499 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3503 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3507 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4;
3508 t = new(char, enc_len);
3512 if (udev_encode_string(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3515 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3521 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3524 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3525 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3527 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3528 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3530 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3531 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3533 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3534 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3539 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3542 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3545 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3548 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3551 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3554 return streq(tty, "console");
3557 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3562 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3565 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3568 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3571 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3575 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3581 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3584 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3585 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3587 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3590 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3593 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3594 * /dev/console points to */
3595 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3604 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3605 char *active = NULL;
3610 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3613 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3614 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3625 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3628 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3631 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3634 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3637 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3638 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3639 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3645 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3648 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3649 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3650 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3653 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3656 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3659 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3662 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3666 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3667 * waits for them to finish. */
3670 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3672 if (errno == ENOENT)
3675 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3682 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3683 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3687 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3692 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3695 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3700 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3701 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3719 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3720 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3723 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3725 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3726 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3731 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3732 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3736 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3741 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3745 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3746 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3747 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3748 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3750 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3752 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3763 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3766 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3769 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3777 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3783 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3784 if (streq(i, needle))
3790 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3791 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3794 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3803 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3805 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3806 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3807 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3813 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3820 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3827 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3837 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3843 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3847 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3854 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3855 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3866 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3871 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3873 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3875 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3878 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3885 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3888 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3890 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3895 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3902 return pollfd.revents;
3905 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3916 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3920 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3924 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3926 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3932 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3945 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3948 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3954 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3957 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3961 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3962 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3967 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3971 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3972 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3973 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3975 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3978 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3979 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3980 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
3982 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3987 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
3988 "\033[H" /* move home */
3989 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
3991 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3996 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
3999 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4006 /* Try to deallocate */
4007 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4011 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4012 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4020 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4022 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4027 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4028 "\033[H" /* move home */
4029 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4031 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4036 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4042 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4046 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4048 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4056 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4060 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4071 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4073 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4075 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4083 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4084 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4094 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4096 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4099 unsigned long long ull;
4106 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4110 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4114 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4117 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4118 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4124 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4127 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4136 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4140 display[0] == ':' &&
4141 display[1] >= '0' &&
4145 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4152 if (!display_is_local(display))
4155 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4157 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4161 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4162 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4171 const char **username,
4172 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4174 const char **shell) {
4182 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4183 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4185 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4203 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4207 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4208 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4209 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4210 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4211 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4213 *username = p->pw_name;
4216 p = getpwnam(*username);
4220 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4232 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4237 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4242 return strdup("root");
4246 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4248 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4254 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4259 return strdup("root");
4263 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4265 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4271 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4277 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4278 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4280 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4281 *groupname = "root";
4289 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4294 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4297 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4301 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4309 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4311 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4313 if (getgid() == gid)
4316 if (getegid() == gid)
4319 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4320 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4322 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4324 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4328 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4335 int in_group(const char *name) {
4339 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4346 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4347 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4353 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4355 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4357 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4360 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4362 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4365 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4366 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4371 k = glob(optarg, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4373 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4375 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4377 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4378 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4380 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4381 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4389 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4395 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4398 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4402 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4403 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4404 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4405 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4406 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4407 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4408 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4414 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4418 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4424 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4425 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4436 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4444 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4445 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4454 union dirent_storage buf;
4457 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4466 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4468 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4472 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4476 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4485 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4487 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4511 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4525 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4530 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4554 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4568 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4569 static __thread int cached = 0;
4571 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4572 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4577 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4584 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4585 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4588 r = access(p, F_OK);
4596 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4597 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4600 r = access(p, F_OK);
4606 /* Get parent dev_t */
4607 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4610 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4616 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4622 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4623 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4626 r = access(p, F_OK);
4630 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4637 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4642 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4646 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4647 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4650 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4651 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4652 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4653 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4654 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4657 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4659 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4660 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4661 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4662 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4663 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4664 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4665 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4668 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4670 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4671 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4672 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4673 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4674 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4675 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4676 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4677 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4678 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4679 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4680 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4681 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4682 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4683 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4684 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4693 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4695 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4696 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4697 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4698 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4700 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4701 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4702 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4703 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4706 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4708 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4709 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4710 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4711 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4712 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4716 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4718 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4719 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4720 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4721 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4722 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4723 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4724 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4725 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4726 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4727 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4728 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4729 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4730 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4731 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4732 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4733 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4734 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4737 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4739 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4740 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4741 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4742 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4743 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4746 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4748 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4765 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4776 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4778 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4784 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4786 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4787 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4790 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4794 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4795 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4797 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4802 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4807 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4811 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4815 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4816 signo = (int) u + offset;
4817 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4823 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4824 bool loaded = false;
4827 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4835 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4853 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4855 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4864 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4871 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4874 static const struct {
4878 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4879 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4880 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4881 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4882 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4886 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4888 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4891 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4892 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4899 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4907 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4920 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4922 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4924 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4926 l == sizeof(value) &&
4927 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4931 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4938 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4940 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4942 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4944 l == sizeof(value) &&
4945 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4949 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4956 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4957 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4959 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4967 parent_pid = getpid();
4969 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4976 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4983 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4984 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4985 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4987 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4988 * to set the death signal */
4989 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4990 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4992 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4993 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4995 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4996 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
4998 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
4999 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5000 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5001 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5002 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5003 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5004 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5005 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5006 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5008 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5009 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5013 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5016 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5022 /* Count arguments */
5024 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5029 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5031 /* Fill in arguments */
5033 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5034 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5038 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5041 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5042 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5046 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5052 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5053 * to get as close as we can */
5054 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5056 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5057 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5059 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5065 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5066 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5078 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5080 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5082 f = fopen(path, "re");
5090 char line[LINE_MAX];
5093 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5097 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5107 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5108 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5122 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5125 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5128 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5131 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5134 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5137 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5143 bool in_initrd(void) {
5144 static __thread int saved = -1;
5150 /* We make two checks here:
5152 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5153 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5155 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5156 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5157 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5160 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5161 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5162 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5167 void warn_melody(void) {
5168 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5170 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5174 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5176 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5177 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5179 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5180 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5182 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5183 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5185 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5188 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5191 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5193 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5195 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5201 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5208 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5216 /* Take the user specified one */
5227 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5230 h = strdup("/root");
5238 /* Check the database... */
5242 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5244 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5247 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5255 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5269 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5275 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5280 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5281 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5284 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5292 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5293 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5295 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5300 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5301 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5307 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5312 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5315 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5318 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5319 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5322 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5328 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5329 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5330 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5339 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5340 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5343 else if (comparison > 0)
5351 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5353 static int cached_answer = -1;
5355 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5358 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5359 cached_answer = true;
5363 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5365 cached_answer = true;
5369 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5370 cached_answer = true;
5374 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5375 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5376 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5378 cached_answer = true;
5382 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5386 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5387 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5391 return (bool) cached_answer;
5394 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5395 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5397 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5398 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5399 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5400 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5401 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5403 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5404 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5405 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5406 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5407 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5408 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5412 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5415 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5418 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5424 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5425 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5438 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5444 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5445 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5453 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5465 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5466 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5471 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5473 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5479 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5481 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5483 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5487 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5492 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5494 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5495 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5496 else if (*i == '\t')
5503 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5506 } else if (*i == '[') {
5507 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5512 state = STATE_OTHER;
5519 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5520 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5523 state = STATE_OTHER;
5525 } else if (*i == 'm')
5526 state = STATE_OTHER;
5548 int on_ac_power(void) {
5549 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5550 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5552 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5558 union dirent_storage buf;
5559 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5564 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5571 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5574 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5576 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5582 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5584 if (errno == ENOENT)
5590 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5594 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5597 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5598 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5600 if (errno == ENOENT)
5606 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5610 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5613 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5614 found_online = true;
5616 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5617 found_offline = true;
5622 return found_online || !found_offline;
5625 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5632 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5635 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5636 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5639 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5649 if (errno != ENOENT)
5656 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5657 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5663 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5666 f = fopen(path, mode);
5675 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5679 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5682 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5683 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5685 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5688 f = fopen(path, mode);
5697 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5701 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5704 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5706 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5710 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5711 d = mkdtemp(template);
5714 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5718 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5724 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5725 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5728 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5732 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5734 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5736 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5740 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5754 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5761 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5768 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5773 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5782 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5792 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5806 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5814 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5818 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5825 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5829 if (*allocated >= need)
5832 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5842 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5848 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5850 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5853 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5854 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5855 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5859 } else if (l == 36) {
5861 /* Formatted UUID */
5863 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5866 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5870 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5871 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5872 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5883 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5888 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5897 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5912 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5916 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));