1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
25 #include <sys/types.h>
26 #include <sys/syscall.h>
27 #include <sys/mount.h>
33 #include <sys/prctl.h>
34 #include <sys/capability.h>
37 #include <sys/signalfd.h>
41 #include <sys/socket.h>
42 #include <linux/netlink.h>
43 #include <sys/eventfd.h>
45 #include <linux/veth.h>
46 #include <sys/personality.h>
47 #include <linux/loop.h>
50 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
58 #include <blkid/blkid.h>
61 #include "sd-daemon.h"
71 #include "cgroup-util.h"
73 #include "path-util.h"
74 #include "loopback-setup.h"
75 #include "dev-setup.h"
80 #include "bus-error.h"
82 #include "bus-kernel.h"
85 #include "rtnl-util.h"
86 #include "udev-util.h"
87 #include "blkid-util.h"
91 #include "seccomp-util.h"
94 typedef enum LinkJournal {
101 static char *arg_directory = NULL;
102 static char *arg_user = NULL;
103 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid = {};
104 static char *arg_machine = NULL;
105 static const char *arg_selinux_context = NULL;
106 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context = NULL;
107 static const char *arg_slice = NULL;
108 static bool arg_private_network = false;
109 static bool arg_read_only = false;
110 static bool arg_boot = false;
111 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
112 static uint64_t arg_retain =
113 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN) |
114 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE) |
115 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH) |
116 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER) |
117 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID) |
118 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER) |
120 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE) |
121 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE) |
122 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE) |
123 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST) |
124 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW) |
125 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID) |
126 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP) |
127 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP) |
128 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID) |
129 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN) |
130 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT) |
131 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE) |
132 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE) |
133 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG) |
134 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) |
135 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT) |
136 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE) |
137 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
139 static char **arg_bind = NULL;
140 static char **arg_bind_ro = NULL;
141 static char **arg_setenv = NULL;
142 static bool arg_quiet = false;
143 static bool arg_share_system = false;
144 static bool arg_register = true;
145 static bool arg_keep_unit = false;
146 static char **arg_network_interfaces = NULL;
147 static char **arg_network_macvlan = NULL;
148 static bool arg_network_veth = false;
149 static const char *arg_network_bridge = NULL;
150 static unsigned long arg_personality = 0xffffffffLU;
151 static const char *arg_image = NULL;
153 static int help(void) {
155 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
156 "Spawn a minimal namespace container for debugging, testing and building.\n\n"
157 " -h --help Show this help\n"
158 " --version Print version string\n"
159 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
160 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
161 " -i --image=PATH File system device or image for the container\n"
162 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
163 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or uid\n"
164 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
165 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n"
166 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
167 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
168 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
169 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
171 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
172 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
173 " existing network interface to the container\n"
174 " --network-veth Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
176 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
177 " Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
178 " and container and add it to an existing bridge on\n"
180 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
181 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
182 " processes in the container\n"
183 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
184 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
185 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n"
186 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
188 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
189 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, host\n"
190 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=host\n"
191 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
192 " --bind=PATH[:PATH] Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
194 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH] Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
195 " --setenv=NAME=VALUE Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
196 " --share-system Share system namespaces with host\n"
197 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
198 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
199 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n",
200 program_invocation_short_name);
205 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
221 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE,
228 static const struct option options[] = {
229 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
230 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
231 { "directory", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
232 { "user", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
233 { "private-network", no_argument, NULL, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK },
234 { "boot", no_argument, NULL, 'b' },
235 { "uuid", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UUID },
236 { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, ARG_READ_ONLY },
237 { "capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_CAPABILITY },
238 { "drop-capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY },
239 { "link-journal", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL },
240 { "bind", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND },
241 { "bind-ro", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND_RO },
242 { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
243 { "slice", required_argument, NULL, 'S' },
244 { "setenv", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SETENV },
245 { "selinux-context", required_argument, NULL, 'Z' },
246 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument, NULL, 'L' },
247 { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
248 { "share-system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM },
249 { "register", required_argument, NULL, ARG_REGISTER },
250 { "keep-unit", no_argument, NULL, ARG_KEEP_UNIT },
251 { "network-interface", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE },
252 { "network-macvlan", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN },
253 { "network-veth", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_VETH },
254 { "network-bridge", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE },
255 { "personality", required_argument, NULL, ARG_PERSONALITY },
256 { "image", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
261 uint64_t plus = 0, minus = 0;
266 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hD:u:bL:M:jS:Z:qi:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
274 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
275 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
280 arg_directory = canonicalize_file_name(optarg);
281 if (!arg_directory) {
282 log_error("Invalid root directory: %m");
294 arg_user = strdup(optarg);
300 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE:
301 arg_network_bridge = optarg;
305 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH:
306 arg_network_veth = true;
307 arg_private_network = true;
310 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE:
311 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces, optarg) < 0)
314 arg_private_network = true;
317 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN:
318 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan, optarg) < 0)
323 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK:
324 arg_private_network = true;
332 r = sd_id128_from_string(optarg, &arg_uuid);
334 log_error("Invalid UUID: %s", optarg);
344 if (isempty(optarg)) {
349 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg)) {
350 log_error("Invalid machine name: %s", optarg);
355 arg_machine = strdup(optarg);
363 arg_selinux_context = optarg;
367 arg_selinux_apifs_context = optarg;
371 arg_read_only = true;
375 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY: {
379 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(word, length, optarg, ",", state) {
380 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
383 t = strndup(word, length);
387 if (streq(t, "all")) {
388 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
389 plus = (uint64_t) -1;
391 minus = (uint64_t) -1;
393 if (cap_from_name(t, &cap) < 0) {
394 log_error("Failed to parse capability %s.", t);
398 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
399 plus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
401 minus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
409 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
412 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL:
413 if (streq(optarg, "auto"))
414 arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
415 else if (streq(optarg, "no"))
416 arg_link_journal = LINK_NO;
417 else if (streq(optarg, "guest"))
418 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
419 else if (streq(optarg, "host"))
420 arg_link_journal = LINK_HOST;
422 log_error("Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg);
430 _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
434 x = c == ARG_BIND ? &arg_bind : &arg_bind_ro;
436 e = strchr(optarg, ':');
438 a = strndup(optarg, e - optarg);
448 if (!path_is_absolute(a) || !path_is_absolute(b)) {
449 log_error("Invalid bind mount specification: %s", optarg);
453 r = strv_extend(x, a);
457 r = strv_extend(x, b);
467 if (!env_assignment_is_valid(optarg)) {
468 log_error("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid.", optarg);
472 n = strv_env_set(arg_setenv, optarg);
476 strv_free(arg_setenv);
485 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM:
486 arg_share_system = true;
490 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
492 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg);
500 arg_keep_unit = true;
503 case ARG_PERSONALITY:
505 arg_personality = personality_from_string(optarg);
506 if (arg_personality == 0xffffffffLU) {
507 log_error("Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg);
517 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
521 if (arg_share_system)
522 arg_register = false;
524 if (arg_boot && arg_share_system) {
525 log_error("--boot and --share-system may not be combined.");
529 if (arg_keep_unit && cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL) >= 0) {
530 log_error("--keep-unit may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
534 if (arg_directory && arg_image) {
535 log_error("--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
539 arg_retain = (arg_retain | plus | (arg_private_network ? 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN : 0)) & ~minus;
544 static int mount_all(const char *dest) {
546 typedef struct MountPoint {
555 static const MountPoint mount_table[] = {
556 { "proc", "/proc", "proc", NULL, MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
557 { "/proc/sys", "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, true }, /* Bind mount first */
558 { NULL, "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, true }, /* Then, make it r/o */
559 { "sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", NULL, MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
560 { "tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
561 { "devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts","newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" STRINGIFY(TTY_GID), MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC, true },
562 { "tmpfs", "/dev/shm", "tmpfs", "mode=1777", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
563 { "tmpfs", "/run", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
565 { "/sys/fs/selinux", "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, false }, /* Bind mount first */
566 { NULL, "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, false }, /* Then, make it r/o */
573 for (k = 0; k < ELEMENTSOF(mount_table); k++) {
574 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
576 _cleanup_free_ char *options = NULL;
581 where = strjoin(dest, "/", mount_table[k].where, NULL);
585 t = path_is_mount_point(where, true);
587 log_error("Failed to detect whether %s is a mount point: %s", where, strerror(-t));
595 /* Skip this entry if it is not a remount. */
596 if (mount_table[k].what && t > 0)
599 mkdir_p(where, 0755);
602 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context &&
603 (streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "tmpfs") || streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "devpts"))) {
604 options = strjoin(mount_table[k].options, ",context=\"", arg_selinux_apifs_context, "\"", NULL);
611 o = mount_table[k].options;
614 if (mount(mount_table[k].what,
617 mount_table[k].flags,
619 mount_table[k].fatal) {
621 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
631 static int mount_binds(const char *dest, char **l, unsigned long flags) {
634 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(x, y, l) {
636 struct stat source_st, dest_st;
639 if (stat(*x, &source_st) < 0) {
640 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", *x);
644 where = strappenda(dest, *y);
645 r = stat(where, &dest_st);
647 if ((source_st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (dest_st.st_mode & S_IFMT)) {
648 log_error("The file types of %s and %s do not match. Refusing bind mount",
652 } else if (errno == ENOENT) {
653 r = mkdir_parents_label(where, 0755);
655 log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %s", *x, strerror(-r));
659 log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %s", *x, strerror(errno));
662 /* Create the mount point, but be conservative -- refuse to create block
663 * and char devices. */
664 if (S_ISDIR(source_st.st_mode))
665 mkdir_label(where, 0755);
666 else if (S_ISFIFO(source_st.st_mode))
668 else if (S_ISSOCK(source_st.st_mode))
669 mknod(where, 0644 | S_IFSOCK, 0);
670 else if (S_ISREG(source_st.st_mode))
673 log_error("Refusing to create mountpoint for file: %s", *x);
677 if (mount(*x, where, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
678 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
682 if (flags && mount(NULL, where, NULL, MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND|flags, NULL) < 0) {
683 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
691 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest) {
692 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL, *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *check = NULL, *what = NULL;
698 /* Fix the timezone, if possible */
699 r = readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p);
701 log_warning("/etc/localtime is not a symlink, not updating container timezone.");
705 z = path_startswith(p, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
707 z = path_startswith(p, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
709 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
713 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/localtime");
717 r = readlink_malloc(where, &q);
719 y = path_startswith(q, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
721 y = path_startswith(q, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
724 /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
725 if (y && streq(y, z))
729 check = strjoin(dest, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z, NULL);
733 if (access(check, F_OK) < 0) {
734 log_warning("Timezone %s does not exist in container, not updating container timezone.", z);
738 what = strappend("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z);
743 if (symlink(what, where) < 0) {
744 log_error("Failed to correct timezone of container: %m");
751 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest) {
752 char _cleanup_free_ *where = NULL;
756 if (arg_private_network)
759 /* Fix resolv.conf, if possible */
760 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/resolv.conf");
764 /* We don't really care for the results of this really. If it
765 * fails, it fails, but meh... */
766 copy_file("/etc/resolv.conf", where, O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW);
771 static int setup_boot_id(const char *dest) {
772 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
779 if (arg_share_system)
782 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of
783 * the container gets a new one */
785 from = strappend(dest, "/dev/proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id");
786 to = strappend(dest, "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id");
790 r = sd_id128_randomize(&rnd);
792 log_error("Failed to generate random boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
796 snprintf(as_uuid, sizeof(as_uuid),
797 "%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
798 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(rnd));
799 char_array_0(as_uuid);
801 r = write_string_file(from, as_uuid);
803 log_error("Failed to write boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
807 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
808 log_error("Failed to bind mount boot id: %m");
810 } else if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, NULL))
811 log_warning("Failed to make boot id read-only: %m");
817 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest) {
819 static const char devnodes[] =
829 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
835 NULSTR_FOREACH(d, devnodes) {
836 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
839 from = strappend("/dev/", d);
840 to = strjoin(dest, "/dev/", d, NULL);
844 if (stat(from, &st) < 0) {
846 if (errno != ENOENT) {
847 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", from);
851 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
853 log_error("%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy", from);
856 } else if (mknod(to, st.st_mode, st.st_rdev) < 0) {
858 log_error("mknod(%s) failed: %m", dest);
866 static int setup_ptmx(const char *dest) {
867 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
869 p = strappend(dest, "/dev/ptmx");
873 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p) < 0) {
874 log_error("Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
881 static int setup_dev_console(const char *dest, const char *console) {
882 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
892 if (stat("/dev/null", &st) < 0) {
893 log_error("Failed to stat /dev/null: %m");
897 r = chmod_and_chown(console, 0600, 0, 0);
899 log_error("Failed to correct access mode for TTY: %s", strerror(-r));
903 /* We need to bind mount the right tty to /dev/console since
904 * ptys can only exist on pts file systems. To have something
905 * to bind mount things on we create a device node first, and
906 * use /dev/null for that since we the cgroups device policy
907 * allows us to create that freely, while we cannot create
908 * /dev/console. (Note that the major minor doesn't actually
909 * matter here, since we mount it over anyway). */
911 to = strappenda(dest, "/dev/console");
912 if (mknod(to, (st.st_mode & ~07777) | 0600, st.st_rdev) < 0) {
913 log_error("mknod() for /dev/console failed: %m");
917 if (mount(console, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
918 log_error("Bind mount for /dev/console failed: %m");
925 static int setup_kmsg(const char *dest, int kmsg_socket) {
926 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
928 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
930 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
931 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
934 .msg_control = &control,
935 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
937 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
940 assert(kmsg_socket >= 0);
944 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as /dev/kmsg, but immediately
945 * delete it after bind mounting it to /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs
946 * on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg,
947 * their writing side behaves differently from /dev/kmsg in
948 * that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to
949 * avoid any problems with containers deadlocking due to this
950 * we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
951 if (asprintf(&from, "%s/dev/kmsg", dest) < 0 ||
952 asprintf(&to, "%s/proc/kmsg", dest) < 0)
955 if (mkfifo(from, 0600) < 0) {
956 log_error("mkfifo() for /dev/kmsg failed: %m");
960 r = chmod_and_chown(from, 0600, 0, 0);
962 log_error("Failed to correct access mode for /dev/kmsg: %s", strerror(-r));
966 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
967 log_error("Bind mount for /proc/kmsg failed: %m");
971 fd = open(from, O_RDWR|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
973 log_error("Failed to open fifo: %m");
977 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
978 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
979 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
980 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
981 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(int));
983 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
985 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as
986 * long as we run the child */
987 k = sendmsg(kmsg_socket, &mh, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_NOSIGNAL);
988 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
991 log_error("Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
995 /* And now make the FIFO unavailable as /dev/kmsg... */
1000 static int setup_hostname(void) {
1002 if (arg_share_system)
1005 if (sethostname(arg_machine, strlen(arg_machine)) < 0)
1011 static int setup_journal(const char *directory) {
1012 sd_id128_t machine_id, this_id;
1013 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *b = NULL, *q = NULL, *d = NULL;
1017 p = strappend(directory, "/etc/machine-id");
1021 r = read_one_line_file(p, &b);
1022 if (r == -ENOENT && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1025 log_error("Failed to read machine ID from %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
1030 if (isempty(id) && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1033 /* Verify validity */
1034 r = sd_id128_from_string(id, &machine_id);
1036 log_error("Failed to parse machine ID from %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
1040 r = sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id);
1042 log_error("Failed to retrieve machine ID: %s", strerror(-r));
1046 if (sd_id128_equal(machine_id, this_id)) {
1047 log_full(arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR,
1048 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", id);
1049 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1055 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_NO)
1059 p = strappend("/var/log/journal/", id);
1060 q = strjoin(directory, "/var/log/journal/", id, NULL);
1064 if (path_is_mount_point(p, false) > 0) {
1065 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1066 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p);
1073 if (path_is_mount_point(q, false) > 0) {
1074 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1075 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q);
1082 r = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &d);
1084 if ((arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST ||
1085 arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO) &&
1088 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1090 log_warning("failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1094 if (unlink(p) < 0) {
1095 log_error("Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p);
1098 } else if (r == -EINVAL) {
1100 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST &&
1103 if (errno == ENOTDIR) {
1104 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p);
1107 log_error("Failed to remove %s: %m", p);
1111 } else if (r != -ENOENT) {
1112 log_error("readlink(%s) failed: %m", p);
1116 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST) {
1118 if (symlink(q, p) < 0) {
1119 log_error("Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q, p);
1123 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1125 log_warning("failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1129 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_HOST) {
1130 r = mkdir_p(p, 0755);
1132 log_error("Failed to create %s: %m", p);
1136 } else if (access(p, F_OK) < 0)
1139 if (dir_is_empty(q) == 0) {
1140 log_error("%s not empty.", q);
1144 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1146 log_error("Failed to create %s: %m", q);
1150 if (mount(p, q, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1151 log_error("Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
1158 static int setup_kdbus(const char *dest, const char *path) {
1164 p = strappenda(dest, "/dev/kdbus");
1165 if (mkdir(p, 0755) < 0) {
1166 log_error("Failed to create kdbus path: %m");
1170 if (mount(path, p, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1171 log_error("Failed to mount kdbus domain path: %m");
1178 static int drop_capabilities(void) {
1179 return capability_bounding_set_drop(~arg_retain, false);
1182 static int register_machine(pid_t pid) {
1183 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1184 _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1190 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1192 log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
1196 if (arg_keep_unit) {
1197 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1199 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1200 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1201 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1207 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1211 strempty(arg_directory));
1213 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
1215 r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
1218 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1219 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1220 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1223 log_error("Failed to create message: %s", strerror(-r));
1227 r = sd_bus_message_append(
1231 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1235 strempty(arg_directory));
1237 log_error("Failed to append message arguments: %s", strerror(-r));
1241 r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
1243 log_error("Failed to open container: %s", strerror(-r));
1247 if (!isempty(arg_slice)) {
1248 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Slice", "s", arg_slice);
1250 log_error("Failed to append slice: %s", strerror(-r));
1255 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DevicePolicy", "s", "strict");
1257 log_error("Failed to add device policy: %s", strerror(-r));
1261 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DeviceAllow", "a(ss)", 10,
1262 /* Allow the container to
1263 * access and create the API
1264 * device nodes, so that
1265 * PrivateDevices= in the
1266 * container can work
1271 "/dev/random", "rwm",
1272 "/dev/urandom", "rwm",
1274 /* Allow the container
1275 * access to ptys. However,
1277 * container to ever create
1278 * these device nodes. */
1279 "/dev/pts/ptmx", "rw",
1281 /* Allow the container
1282 * access to all kdbus
1283 * devices. Again, the
1284 * container cannot create
1285 * these nodes, only use
1286 * them. We use a pretty
1287 * open match here, so that
1288 * the kernel API can still
1291 "char-kdbus/*", "rw");
1293 log_error("Failed to add device whitelist: %s", strerror(-r));
1297 r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
1299 log_error("Failed to close container: %s", strerror(-r));
1303 r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, NULL);
1307 log_error("Failed to register machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1314 static int terminate_machine(pid_t pid) {
1315 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1316 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
1317 _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1324 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1326 log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
1330 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1332 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1333 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1334 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1341 /* Note that the machine might already have been
1342 * cleaned up automatically, hence don't consider it a
1343 * failure if we cannot get the machine object. */
1344 log_debug("Failed to get machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1348 r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path);
1350 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
1352 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1354 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1356 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Machine",
1362 log_debug("Failed to terminate machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1369 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
1370 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1373 if (arg_share_system)
1376 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p);
1380 log_error("Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %s", strerror(-r));
1384 /* Already reset? */
1385 if (streq(p, "4294967295"))
1388 r = write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295");
1390 log_error("Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
1391 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
1392 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
1393 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
1394 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%s)\n", strerror(-r));
1402 static int setup_veth(pid_t pid, char iface_name[IFNAMSIZ]) {
1403 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1404 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1407 if (!arg_private_network)
1410 if (!arg_network_veth)
1413 /* Use two different interface name prefixes depending whether
1414 * we are in bridge mode or not. */
1415 if (arg_network_bridge)
1416 memcpy(iface_name, "vb-", 3);
1418 memcpy(iface_name, "ve-", 3);
1420 strncpy(iface_name+3, arg_machine, IFNAMSIZ - 3);
1422 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1424 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1428 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1430 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1434 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, iface_name);
1436 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1440 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1442 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1446 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_INFO_KIND, "veth");
1448 log_error("Failed to append netlink kind: %s", strerror(-r));
1452 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA);
1454 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1458 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, VETH_INFO_PEER);
1460 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1464 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, "host0");
1466 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1470 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1472 log_error("Failed to add netlink namespace field: %s", strerror(-r));
1476 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1478 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1482 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1484 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1488 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1490 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1494 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1496 log_error("Failed to add new veth interfaces: %s", strerror(-r));
1503 static int setup_bridge(const char veth_name[]) {
1504 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1505 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1508 if (!arg_private_network)
1511 if (!arg_network_veth)
1514 if (!arg_network_bridge)
1517 bridge = (int) if_nametoindex(arg_network_bridge);
1519 log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", arg_network_bridge);
1523 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1525 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1529 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_SETLINK, 0);
1531 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1535 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, veth_name);
1537 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name field: %s", strerror(-r));
1541 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MASTER, bridge);
1543 log_error("Failed to add netlink master field: %s", strerror(-r));
1547 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1549 log_error("Failed to add veth interface to bridge: %s", strerror(-r));
1556 static int parse_interface(struct udev *udev, const char *name) {
1557 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
1558 char ifi_str[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
1561 ifi = (int) if_nametoindex(name);
1563 log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", name);
1567 sprintf(ifi_str, "n%i", ifi);
1568 d = udev_device_new_from_device_id(udev, ifi_str);
1570 log_error("Failed to get udev device for interface %s: %m", name);
1574 if (udev_device_get_is_initialized(d) <= 0) {
1575 log_error("Network interface %s is not initialized yet.", name);
1582 static int move_network_interfaces(pid_t pid) {
1583 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1584 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1588 if (!arg_private_network)
1591 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_interfaces))
1594 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1596 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1602 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1606 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_interfaces) {
1607 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1610 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1614 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, ifi);
1616 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1620 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1622 log_error("Failed to append namespace PID to netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1626 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1628 log_error("Failed to move interface %s to namespace: %s", *i, strerror(-r));
1636 static int setup_macvlan(pid_t pid) {
1637 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1638 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1642 if (!arg_private_network)
1645 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_macvlan))
1648 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1650 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1656 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1660 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_macvlan) {
1661 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1662 _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
1665 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1669 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1671 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1675 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_LINK, ifi);
1677 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface index: %s", strerror(-r));
1681 n = strappend("mv-", *i);
1685 strshorten(n, IFNAMSIZ-1);
1687 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, n);
1689 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1693 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1695 log_error("Failed to add netlink namespace field: %s", strerror(-r));
1699 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1701 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1705 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_INFO_KIND, "macvlan");
1707 log_error("Failed to append netlink kind: %s", strerror(-r));
1711 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA);
1713 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1717 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MACVLAN_MODE, MACVLAN_MODE_BRIDGE);
1719 log_error("Failed to append macvlan mode: %s", strerror(-r));
1723 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1725 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1729 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1731 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1735 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1737 log_error("Failed to add new macvlan interfaces: %s", strerror(-r));
1745 static int audit_still_doesnt_work_in_containers(void) {
1748 scmp_filter_ctx seccomp;
1752 Audit is broken in containers, much of the userspace audit
1753 hookup will fail if running inside a container. We don't
1754 care and just turn off creation of audit sockets.
1756 This will make socket(AF_NETLINK, *, NETLINK_AUDIT) fail
1757 with EAFNOSUPPORT which audit userspace uses as indication
1758 that audit is disabled in the kernel.
1761 seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
1765 r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
1767 log_error("Failed to add secondary archs to seccomp filter: %s", strerror(-r));
1771 r = seccomp_rule_add(
1773 SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EAFNOSUPPORT),
1776 SCMP_A0(SCMP_CMP_EQ, AF_NETLINK),
1777 SCMP_A2(SCMP_CMP_EQ, NETLINK_AUDIT));
1779 log_error("Failed to add audit seccomp rule: %s", strerror(-r));
1783 r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
1785 log_error("Failed to unset NO_NEW_PRIVS: %s", strerror(-r));
1789 r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
1791 log_error("Failed to install seccomp audit filter: %s", strerror(-r));
1794 seccomp_release(seccomp);
1802 static int setup_image(char **device_path, int *loop_nr) {
1803 struct loop_info64 info = {
1804 .lo_flags = LO_FLAGS_AUTOCLEAR|LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN
1806 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, control = -1, loop = -1;
1807 _cleanup_free_ char* loopdev = NULL;
1811 assert(device_path);
1814 fd = open(arg_image, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
1816 log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", arg_image);
1820 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
1821 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", arg_image);
1825 if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
1828 p = strdup(arg_image);
1842 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
1843 log_error("%s is not a regular file or block device: %m", arg_image);
1847 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
1849 log_error("Failed to open /dev/loop-control: %m");
1853 nr = ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_GET_FREE);
1855 log_error("Failed to allocate loop device: %m");
1859 if (asprintf(&loopdev, "/dev/loop%i", nr) < 0)
1862 loop = open(loopdev, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
1864 log_error("Failed to open loop device %s: %m", loopdev);
1868 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_FD, fd) < 0) {
1869 log_error("Failed to set loopback file descriptor on %s: %m", loopdev);
1874 info.lo_flags |= LO_FLAGS_READ_ONLY;
1876 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_STATUS64, &info) < 0) {
1877 log_error("Failed to set loopback settings on %s: %m", loopdev);
1881 *device_path = loopdev;
1892 static int dissect_image(
1900 int home_nr = -1, root_nr = -1, secondary_root_nr = -1, srv_nr = -1;
1901 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL, *root = NULL, *secondary_root = NULL, *srv = NULL;
1902 _cleanup_udev_enumerate_unref_ struct udev_enumerate *e = NULL;
1903 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
1904 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
1905 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1906 struct udev_list_entry *first, *item;
1907 const char *pttype = NULL;
1913 assert(root_device);
1914 assert(home_device);
1918 b = blkid_new_probe();
1923 r = blkid_probe_set_device(b, fd, 0, 0);
1928 log_error("Failed to set device on blkid probe: %m");
1932 blkid_probe_enable_partitions(b, 1);
1933 blkid_probe_set_partitions_flags(b, BLKID_PARTS_ENTRY_DETAILS);
1936 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
1937 if (r == -2 || r == 1) {
1938 log_error("Failed to identify any partition table on %s.\n"
1939 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
1941 } else if (r != 0) {
1944 log_error("Failed to probe: %m");
1948 blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "PTTYPE", &pttype, NULL);
1949 if (!streq_ptr(pttype, "gpt")) {
1950 log_error("Image %s does not carry a GUID Partition Table.\n"
1951 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
1956 pl = blkid_probe_get_partitions(b);
1961 log_error("Failed to list partitions of %s", arg_image);
1969 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
1970 log_error("Failed to stat block device: %m");
1974 d = udev_device_new_from_devnum(udev, 'b', st.st_rdev);
1978 e = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
1982 r = udev_enumerate_add_match_parent(e, d);
1986 r = udev_enumerate_scan_devices(e);
1988 log_error("Failed to scan for partition devices of %s: %s", arg_image, strerror(-r));
1992 first = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e);
1993 udev_list_entry_foreach(item, first) {
1994 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *q;
1995 const char *stype, *node;
2002 q = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
2007 log_error("Failed to get partition device of %s: %m", arg_image);
2011 qn = udev_device_get_devnum(q);
2015 if (st.st_rdev == qn)
2018 node = udev_device_get_devnode(q);
2022 pp = blkid_partlist_devno_to_partition(pl, qn);
2026 nr = blkid_partition_get_partno(pp);
2030 stype = blkid_partition_get_type_string(pp);
2034 if (sd_id128_from_string(stype, &type_id) < 0)
2037 if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_HOME)) {
2039 if (home && nr >= home_nr)
2044 home = strdup(node);
2047 } else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_SRV)) {
2049 if (srv && nr >= srv_nr)
2058 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_NATIVE
2059 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_NATIVE)) {
2061 if (root && nr >= root_nr)
2066 root = strdup(node);
2071 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY
2072 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY)) {
2074 if (secondary_root && nr >= secondary_root_nr)
2077 secondary_root_nr = nr;
2078 free(secondary_root);
2079 secondary_root = strdup(node);
2080 if (!secondary_root)
2086 if (!root && !secondary_root) {
2087 log_error("Failed to identify root partition in disk image %s.\n"
2088 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2093 *root_device = root;
2096 } else if (secondary_root) {
2097 *root_device = secondary_root;
2098 secondary_root = NULL;
2103 *home_device = home;
2114 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2119 static int mount_device(const char *what, const char *where, const char *directory) {
2121 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
2122 const char *fstype, *p;
2129 p = strappenda(where, directory);
2134 b = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(what);
2138 log_error("Failed to allocate prober for %s: %m", what);
2142 blkid_probe_enable_superblocks(b, 1);
2143 blkid_probe_set_superblocks_flags(b, BLKID_SUBLKS_TYPE);
2146 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
2147 if (r == -1 || r == 1) {
2148 log_error("Cannot determine file system type of %s", what);
2150 } else if (r != 0) {
2153 log_error("Failed to probe %s: %m", what);
2158 if (blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "TYPE", &fstype, NULL) < 0) {
2161 log_error("Failed to determine file system type of %s", what);
2165 if (streq(fstype, "crypto_LUKS")) {
2166 log_error("nspawn currently does not support LUKS disk images.");
2170 if (mount(what, p, fstype, arg_read_only ? MS_NODEV|MS_RDONLY : 0, NULL) < 0) {
2171 log_error("Failed to mount %s: %m", what);
2177 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2182 static int mount_devices(const char *where, const char *root_device, const char *home_device, const char *srv_device) {
2188 r = mount_device(root_device, arg_directory, NULL);
2190 log_error("Failed to mount root directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2196 r = mount_device(home_device, arg_directory, "/home");
2198 log_error("Failed to mount home directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2204 r = mount_device(srv_device, arg_directory, "/srv");
2206 log_error("Failed to mount server data directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2214 static void loop_remove(int nr, int *image_fd) {
2215 _cleanup_close_ int control = -1;
2220 if (image_fd && *image_fd >= 0) {
2221 ioctl(*image_fd, LOOP_CLR_FD);
2222 close_nointr_nofail(*image_fd);
2226 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
2230 ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_REMOVE, nr);
2233 static int spawn_getent(const char *database, const char *key, pid_t *rpid) {
2241 if (pipe2(pipe_fds, O_CLOEXEC) < 0) {
2242 log_error("Failed to allocate pipe: %m");
2248 log_error("Failed to fork getent child: %m");
2250 } else if (pid == 0) {
2252 char *empty_env = NULL;
2254 if (dup3(pipe_fds[1], STDOUT_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2255 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2257 if (pipe_fds[0] > 2)
2258 close_nointr_nofail(pipe_fds[0]);
2259 if (pipe_fds[1] > 2)
2260 close_nointr_nofail(pipe_fds[1]);
2262 nullfd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
2264 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2266 if (dup3(nullfd, STDIN_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2267 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2269 if (dup3(nullfd, STDERR_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2270 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2273 close_nointr_nofail(nullfd);
2275 reset_all_signal_handlers();
2276 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
2278 execle("/usr/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2279 execle("/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2280 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2283 close_nointr_nofail(pipe_fds[1]);
2291 static int change_uid_gid(char **_home) {
2293 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **passwd = NULL;
2294 char line[LINE_MAX], *w, *x, *state, *u, *g, *h;
2295 _cleanup_free_ uid_t *uids = NULL;
2296 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
2297 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2298 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2299 unsigned n_uids = 0;
2308 if (!arg_user || streq(arg_user, "root") || streq(arg_user, "0")) {
2309 /* Reset everything fully to 0, just in case */
2311 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0) {
2312 log_error("setgroups() failed: %m");
2316 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0) {
2317 log_error("setregid() failed: %m");
2321 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0) {
2322 log_error("setreuid() failed: %m");
2330 /* First, get user credentials */
2331 fd = spawn_getent("passwd", arg_user, &pid);
2335 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2340 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2343 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2347 log_error("Failed to read from getent: %m");
2353 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent passwd", pid);
2355 x = strchr(line, ':');
2357 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid user field.");
2361 u = strchr(x+1, ':');
2363 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid password field.");
2370 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid UID field.");
2378 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GID field.");
2383 h = strchr(x+1, ':');
2385 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GECOS field.");
2392 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid home directory field.");
2398 r = parse_uid(u, &uid);
2400 log_error("Failed to parse UID of user.");
2404 r = parse_gid(g, &gid);
2406 log_error("Failed to parse GID of user.");
2414 /* Second, get group memberships */
2415 fd = spawn_getent("initgroups", arg_user, &pid);
2420 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2425 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2427 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2431 log_error("Failed to read from getent: %m");
2437 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent initgroups", pid);
2439 /* Skip over the username and subsequent separator whitespace */
2441 x += strcspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2442 x += strspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2444 FOREACH_WORD(w, l, x, state) {
2450 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(uids, sz, n_uids+1))
2453 r = parse_uid(c, &uids[n_uids++]);
2455 log_error("Failed to parse group data from getent.");
2460 r = mkdir_parents(home, 0775);
2462 log_error("Failed to make home root directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2466 r = mkdir_safe(home, 0755, uid, gid);
2468 log_error("Failed to make home directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2472 fchown(STDIN_FILENO, uid, gid);
2473 fchown(STDOUT_FILENO, uid, gid);
2474 fchown(STDERR_FILENO, uid, gid);
2476 if (setgroups(n_uids, uids) < 0) {
2477 log_error("Failed to set auxiliary groups: %m");
2481 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0) {
2482 log_error("setregid() failed: %m");
2486 if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0) {
2487 log_error("setreuid() failed: %m");
2499 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2501 _cleanup_free_ char *kdbus_domain = NULL, *device_path = NULL, *root_device = NULL, *home_device = NULL, *srv_device = NULL;
2502 _cleanup_close_ int master = -1, kdbus_fd = -1, image_fd = -1;
2503 _cleanup_close_pipe_ int kmsg_socket_pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
2504 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
2505 int r = EXIT_FAILURE, k, n_fd_passed, loop_nr = -1;
2506 const char *console = NULL;
2507 char veth_name[IFNAMSIZ];
2508 bool secondary = false;
2512 log_parse_environment();
2515 k = parse_argv(argc, argv);
2524 if (arg_directory) {
2527 p = path_make_absolute_cwd(arg_directory);
2528 free(arg_directory);
2531 arg_directory = get_current_dir_name();
2533 if (!arg_directory) {
2534 log_error("Failed to determine path, please use -D.");
2537 path_kill_slashes(arg_directory);
2541 arg_machine = strdup(basename(arg_image ? arg_image : arg_directory));
2547 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine, false);
2548 if (isempty(arg_machine)) {
2549 log_error("Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
2554 if (geteuid() != 0) {
2555 log_error("Need to be root.");
2559 if (sd_booted() <= 0) {
2560 log_error("Not running on a systemd system.");
2565 n_fd_passed = sd_listen_fds(false);
2566 if (n_fd_passed > 0) {
2567 k = fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds, false);
2569 log_error("Failed to collect file descriptors: %s", strerror(-k));
2573 fdset_close_others(fds);
2576 if (arg_directory) {
2577 if (path_equal(arg_directory, "/")) {
2578 log_error("Spawning container on root directory not supported.");
2583 if (path_is_os_tree(arg_directory) <= 0) {
2584 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (/etc/os-release is missing). Refusing.", arg_directory);
2590 p = strappenda(arg_directory,
2591 argc > optind && path_is_absolute(argv[optind]) ? argv[optind] : "/usr/bin/");
2592 if (access(p, F_OK) < 0) {
2593 log_error("Directory %s lacks the binary to execute or doesn't look like a binary tree. Refusing.", arg_directory);
2599 char template[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
2601 if (!mkdtemp(template)) {
2602 log_error("Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
2607 arg_directory = strdup(template);
2608 if (!arg_directory) {
2613 image_fd = setup_image(&device_path, &loop_nr);
2619 r = dissect_image(image_fd, &root_device, &home_device, &srv_device, &secondary);
2624 master = posix_openpt(O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NDELAY);
2626 log_error("Failed to acquire pseudo tty: %m");
2630 console = ptsname(master);
2632 log_error("Failed to determine tty name: %m");
2637 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s. Press ^] three times within 1s to abort execution.", arg_machine, arg_image ? arg_image : arg_directory);
2639 if (unlockpt(master) < 0) {
2640 log_error("Failed to unlock tty: %m");
2644 if (access("/dev/kdbus/control", F_OK) >= 0) {
2646 if (arg_share_system) {
2647 kdbus_domain = strdup("/dev/kdbus");
2648 if (!kdbus_domain) {
2655 ns = strappenda("machine-", arg_machine);
2656 kdbus_fd = bus_kernel_create_domain(ns, &kdbus_domain);
2658 log_debug("Failed to create kdbus domain: %s", strerror(-r));
2660 log_debug("Successfully created kdbus domain as %s", kdbus_domain);
2664 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, kmsg_socket_pair) < 0) {
2665 log_error("Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
2669 sd_notify(0, "READY=1");
2671 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
2672 sigset_add_many(&mask, SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, SIGTERM, SIGINT, -1);
2673 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
2676 int parent_ready_fd = -1, child_ready_fd = -1;
2680 parent_ready_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC);
2681 if (parent_ready_fd < 0) {
2682 log_error("Failed to create event fd: %m");
2686 child_ready_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC);
2687 if (child_ready_fd < 0) {
2688 log_error("Failed to create event fd: %m");
2692 pid = syscall(__NR_clone,
2693 SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWNS|
2694 (arg_share_system ? 0 : CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWUTS)|
2695 (arg_private_network ? CLONE_NEWNET : 0), NULL);
2697 if (errno == EINVAL)
2698 log_error("clone() failed, do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in): %m");
2700 log_error("clone() failed: %m");
2707 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
2709 const char *envp[] = {
2710 "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR,
2711 "container=systemd-nspawn", /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
2716 NULL, /* container_uuid */
2717 NULL, /* LISTEN_FDS */
2718 NULL, /* LISTEN_PID */
2723 envp[n_env] = strv_find_prefix(environ, "TERM=");
2727 close_nointr_nofail(master);
2730 close_nointr(STDIN_FILENO);
2731 close_nointr(STDOUT_FILENO);
2732 close_nointr(STDERR_FILENO);
2734 close_nointr_nofail(kmsg_socket_pair[0]);
2735 kmsg_socket_pair[0] = -1;
2737 reset_all_signal_handlers();
2739 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
2740 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
2742 k = open_terminal(console, O_RDWR);
2743 if (k != STDIN_FILENO) {
2745 close_nointr_nofail(k);
2749 log_error("Failed to open console: %s", strerror(-k));
2753 if (dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) != STDOUT_FILENO ||
2754 dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) != STDERR_FILENO) {
2755 log_error("Failed to duplicate console: %m");
2760 log_error("setsid() failed: %m");
2764 if (reset_audit_loginuid() < 0)
2767 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL) < 0) {
2768 log_error("PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
2772 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still
2773 * receive mounts from the real root, but don't
2774 * propagate mounts to the real root. */
2775 if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
2776 log_error("MS_SLAVE|MS_REC failed: %m");
2780 if (mount_devices(arg_directory, root_device, home_device, srv_device) < 0)
2783 /* Turn directory into bind mount */
2784 if (mount(arg_directory, arg_directory, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
2785 log_error("Failed to make bind mount.");
2790 if (mount(arg_directory, arg_directory, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
2791 log_error("Failed to make read-only.");
2795 if (mount_all(arg_directory) < 0)
2798 if (copy_devnodes(arg_directory) < 0)
2801 if (setup_ptmx(arg_directory) < 0)
2804 dev_setup(arg_directory);
2806 if (audit_still_doesnt_work_in_containers() < 0)
2809 if (setup_dev_console(arg_directory, console) < 0)
2812 if (setup_kmsg(arg_directory, kmsg_socket_pair[1]) < 0)
2815 close_nointr_nofail(kmsg_socket_pair[1]);
2816 kmsg_socket_pair[1] = -1;
2818 if (setup_boot_id(arg_directory) < 0)
2821 if (setup_timezone(arg_directory) < 0)
2824 if (setup_resolv_conf(arg_directory) < 0)
2827 if (setup_journal(arg_directory) < 0)
2830 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind, 0) < 0)
2833 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind_ro, MS_RDONLY) < 0)
2836 if (setup_kdbus(arg_directory, kdbus_domain) < 0)
2839 /* Tell the parent that we are ready, and that
2840 * it can cgroupify us to that we lack access
2841 * to certain devices and resources. */
2842 eventfd_write(child_ready_fd, 1);
2843 close_nointr_nofail(child_ready_fd);
2844 child_ready_fd = -1;
2846 if (chdir(arg_directory) < 0) {
2847 log_error("chdir(%s) failed: %m", arg_directory);
2851 if (mount(arg_directory, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
2852 log_error("mount(MS_MOVE) failed: %m");
2856 if (chroot(".") < 0) {
2857 log_error("chroot() failed: %m");
2861 if (chdir("/") < 0) {
2862 log_error("chdir() failed: %m");
2868 if (arg_private_network)
2871 if (drop_capabilities() < 0) {
2872 log_error("drop_capabilities() failed: %m");
2876 r = change_uid_gid(&home);
2880 if ((asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "HOME=%s", home ? home: "/root") < 0) ||
2881 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "USER=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0) ||
2882 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0)) {
2887 if (!sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
2888 if (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "container_uuid=" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_uuid)) < 0) {
2894 if (fdset_size(fds) > 0) {
2895 k = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
2897 log_error("Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
2901 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fd_passed) < 0) ||
2902 (asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0)) {
2910 if (arg_personality != 0xffffffffLU) {
2911 if (personality(arg_personality) < 0) {
2912 log_error("personality() failed: %m");
2915 } else if (secondary) {
2916 if (personality(PER_LINUX32) < 0) {
2917 log_error("personality() failed: %m");
2923 if (arg_selinux_context)
2924 if (setexeccon((security_context_t) arg_selinux_context) < 0) {
2925 log_error("setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context);
2930 if (!strv_isempty(arg_setenv)) {
2933 n = strv_env_merge(2, envp, arg_setenv);
2941 env_use = (char**) envp;
2943 /* Wait until the parent is ready with the setup, too... */
2944 eventfd_read(parent_ready_fd, &x);
2945 close_nointr_nofail(parent_ready_fd);
2946 parent_ready_fd = -1;
2952 /* Automatically search for the init system */
2954 l = 1 + argc - optind;
2955 a = newa(char*, l + 1);
2956 memcpy(a + 1, argv + optind, l * sizeof(char*));
2958 a[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
2959 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
2961 a[0] = (char*) "/lib/systemd/systemd";
2962 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
2964 a[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
2965 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
2966 } else if (argc > optind)
2967 execvpe(argv[optind], argv + optind, env_use);
2969 chdir(home ? home : "/root");
2970 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL, env_use);
2971 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL, env_use);
2974 log_error("execv() failed: %m");
2977 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2983 /* Wait until the child reported that it is ready with
2984 * all it needs to do with priviliges. After we got
2985 * the notification we can make the process join its
2986 * cgroup which might limit what it can do */
2987 eventfd_read(child_ready_fd, &x);
2989 r = register_machine(pid);
2993 r = move_network_interfaces(pid);
2997 r = setup_veth(pid, veth_name);
3001 r = setup_bridge(veth_name);
3005 r = setup_macvlan(pid);
3009 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
3010 * its setup, and thtat the child can now hand over
3011 * control to the code to run inside the container. */
3012 eventfd_write(parent_ready_fd, 1);
3014 k = process_pty(master, &mask, arg_boot ? pid : 0, SIGRTMIN+3);
3023 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
3024 terminate_machine(pid);
3026 /* Redundant, but better safe than sorry */
3029 k = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3037 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3038 r = status.si_status;
3039 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3040 log_error("Container %s failed with error code %i.", arg_machine, status.si_status);
3045 log_debug("Container %s exited successfully.", arg_machine);
3047 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED &&
3048 status.si_status == SIGINT) {
3051 log_info("Container %s has been shut down.", arg_machine);
3054 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED &&
3055 status.si_status == SIGHUP) {
3058 log_info("Container %s is being rebooted.", arg_machine);
3060 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3061 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3063 log_error("Container %s terminated by signal %s.", arg_machine, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3067 log_error("Container %s failed due to unknown reason.", arg_machine);
3074 loop_remove(loop_nr, &image_fd);
3079 free(arg_directory);
3082 strv_free(arg_setenv);
3083 strv_free(arg_network_interfaces);
3084 strv_free(arg_network_macvlan);
3085 strv_free(arg_bind);
3086 strv_free(arg_bind_ro);