1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
29 #include <sys/socket.h>
31 #include <sys/prctl.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/mount.h>
39 #include <linux/oom.h>
42 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
51 #include "securebits.h"
53 #include "namespace.h"
55 #include "exit-status.h"
57 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
60 /* This assumes there is a 'tty' group */
63 static int shift_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
64 int start, restart_from;
69 /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */
79 for (i = start; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
82 /* Already at right index? */
86 if ((nfd = fcntl(fds[i], F_DUPFD, i+3)) < 0)
89 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
92 /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then
93 * let's remember that and try again from here*/
94 if (nfd != i+3 && restart_from < 0)
101 start = restart_from;
107 static int flags_fds(const int fds[], unsigned n_fds, bool nonblock) {
116 /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags */
118 for (i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) {
120 if ((r = fd_nonblock(fds[i], nonblock)) < 0)
123 /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds,
124 * since after all we want to pass these fds to our
127 if ((r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], false)) < 0)
134 static const char *tty_path(const ExecContext *context) {
137 if (context->tty_path)
138 return context->tty_path;
140 return "/dev/console";
143 void exec_context_tty_reset(const ExecContext *context) {
146 if (context->tty_vhangup)
147 terminal_vhangup(tty_path(context));
149 if (context->tty_reset)
150 reset_terminal(tty_path(context));
152 if (context->tty_vt_disallocate && context->tty_path)
153 vt_disallocate(context->tty_path);
156 static int open_null_as(int flags, int nfd) {
161 if ((fd = open("/dev/null", flags|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
165 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
166 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
173 static int connect_logger_as(const ExecContext *context, ExecOutput output, const char *ident, int nfd) {
177 struct sockaddr_un un;
181 assert(output < _EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX);
185 if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
189 sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
190 strncpy(sa.un.sun_path, LOGGER_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path));
192 if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + sizeof(LOGGER_SOCKET) - 1) < 0) {
193 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
197 if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) < 0) {
198 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
202 /* We speak a very simple protocol between log server
203 * and client: one line for the log destination (kmsg
204 * or syslog), followed by the priority field,
205 * followed by the process name. Since we replaced
206 * stdin/stderr we simple use stdio to write to
207 * it. Note that we use stderr, to minimize buffer
208 * flushing issues. */
215 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ? "kmsg" :
216 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE ? "kmsg+console" :
217 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG ? "syslog" :
219 context->syslog_priority,
220 context->syslog_identifier ? context->syslog_identifier : ident,
221 context->syslog_level_prefix);
224 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
225 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
231 static int open_terminal_as(const char *path, mode_t mode, int nfd) {
237 if ((fd = open_terminal(path, mode | O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
241 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
242 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
249 static bool is_terminal_input(ExecInput i) {
251 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY ||
252 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE ||
253 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL;
256 static int fixup_input(ExecInput std_input, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
258 if (is_terminal_input(std_input) && !apply_tty_stdin)
259 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
261 if (std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0)
262 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
267 static int fixup_output(ExecOutput std_output, int socket_fd) {
269 if (std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0)
270 return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
275 static int setup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
280 i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
284 case EXEC_INPUT_NULL:
285 return open_null_as(O_RDONLY, STDIN_FILENO);
288 case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE:
289 case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL: {
292 if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
294 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
295 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE,
299 if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
300 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
301 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
308 case EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET:
309 return dup2(socket_fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
312 assert_not_reached("Unknown input type");
316 static int setup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
323 i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
324 o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd);
326 /* This expects the input is already set up */
330 case EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT:
332 /* If input got downgraded, inherit the original value */
333 if (i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL && is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
334 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
336 /* If the input is connected to anything that's not a /dev/null, inherit that... */
337 if (i != EXEC_INPUT_NULL)
338 return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
340 /* If we are not started from PID 1 we just inherit STDOUT from our parent process. */
342 return STDOUT_FILENO;
344 /* We need to open /dev/null here anew, to get the
345 * right access mode. So we fall through */
347 case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
348 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
350 case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
351 if (is_terminal_input(i))
352 return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
354 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
355 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
357 case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
358 case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE:
359 case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG:
360 case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE:
361 return connect_logger_as(context, o, ident, STDOUT_FILENO);
363 case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
364 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
365 return dup2(socket_fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
368 assert_not_reached("Unknown output type");
372 static int setup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
379 i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
380 o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd);
381 e = fixup_output(context->std_error, socket_fd);
383 /* This expects the input and output are already set up */
385 /* Don't change the stderr file descriptor if we inherit all
386 * the way and are not on a tty */
387 if (e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
388 o == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
389 i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL &&
390 !is_terminal_input(context->std_input) &&
392 return STDERR_FILENO;
394 /* Duplicate from stdout if possible */
395 if (e == o || e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT)
396 return dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
400 case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
401 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
403 case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
404 if (is_terminal_input(i))
405 return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
407 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
408 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
410 case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
411 case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE:
412 case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG:
413 case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE:
414 return connect_logger_as(context, e, ident, STDERR_FILENO);
416 case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
417 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
418 return dup2(socket_fd, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
421 assert_not_reached("Unknown error type");
425 static int chown_terminal(int fd, uid_t uid) {
430 /* This might fail. What matters are the results. */
431 (void) fchown(fd, uid, -1);
432 (void) fchmod(fd, TTY_MODE);
434 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
437 if (st.st_uid != uid || (st.st_mode & 0777) != TTY_MODE)
443 static int setup_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
445 int *_saved_stdout) {
446 int fd = -1, saved_stdin, saved_stdout = -1, r;
449 assert(_saved_stdin);
450 assert(_saved_stdout);
452 /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
453 * negative errno style values! */
455 if ((saved_stdin = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0)
458 if ((saved_stdout = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0) {
463 if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
465 context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
466 context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE,
472 if (chown_terminal(fd, getuid()) < 0) {
477 if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
482 if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
488 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
490 *_saved_stdin = saved_stdin;
491 *_saved_stdout = saved_stdout;
496 if (saved_stdout >= 0)
497 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
499 if (saved_stdin >= 0)
500 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
503 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
508 static int restore_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
516 assert(*saved_stdin >= 0);
517 assert(saved_stdout);
518 assert(*saved_stdout >= 0);
520 /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
521 * negative errno style values! */
523 if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) {
525 /* The service wants terminal input. */
529 context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT ||
530 context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY;
533 /* If the service doesn't want a controlling terminal,
534 * then we need to get rid entirely of what we have
537 if (release_terminal() < 0)
540 if (dup2(*saved_stdin, STDIN_FILENO) < 0)
543 if (dup2(*saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
546 *keep_stdout = *keep_stdin = false;
552 static int get_group_creds(const char *groupname, gid_t *gid) {
559 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
560 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
562 if (streq(groupname, "root") || streq(groupname, "0")) {
567 if (safe_atolu(groupname, &lu) >= 0) {
569 g = getgrgid((gid_t) lu);
572 g = getgrnam(groupname);
576 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
582 static int enforce_groups(const ExecContext *context, const char *username, gid_t gid) {
583 bool keep_groups = false;
588 /* Lookup and set GID and supplementary group list. Here too
589 * we avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. */
591 if (context->group || username) {
594 if ((r = get_group_creds(context->group, &gid)) < 0)
597 /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */
598 if (username && gid != 0) {
599 if (initgroups(username, gid) < 0)
605 /* Second step, set our gids */
606 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
610 if (context->supplementary_groups) {
615 /* Final step, initialize any manually set supplementary groups */
616 assert_se((ngroups_max = (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX)) > 0);
618 if (!(gids = new(gid_t, ngroups_max)))
622 if ((k = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids)) < 0) {
629 STRV_FOREACH(i, context->supplementary_groups) {
631 if (k >= ngroups_max) {
636 if ((r = get_group_creds(*i, gids+k)) < 0) {
644 if (setgroups(k, gids) < 0) {
655 static int enforce_user(const ExecContext *context, uid_t uid) {
659 /* Sets (but doesn't lookup) the uid and make sure we keep the
660 * capabilities while doing so. */
662 if (context->capabilities) {
664 static const cap_value_t bits[] = {
665 CAP_SETUID, /* Necessary so that we can run setresuid() below */
666 CAP_SETPCAP /* Necessary so that we can set PR_SET_SECUREBITS later on */
669 /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but
670 * drop privileges we need to make sure we keep our
671 * caps, whiel we drop privileges. */
673 int sb = context->secure_bits|SECURE_KEEP_CAPS;
675 if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != sb)
676 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, sb) < 0)
680 /* Second step: set the capabilities. This will reduce
681 * the capabilities to the minimum we need. */
683 if (!(d = cap_dup(context->capabilities)))
686 if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0 ||
687 cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0) {
693 if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0) {
702 /* Third step: actually set the uids */
703 if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
706 /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but
707 are otherwise a normal user. However, the caps might got
708 corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up
709 later. This is done outside of this call. */
716 static int null_conv(
718 const struct pam_message **msg,
719 struct pam_response **resp,
722 /* We don't support conversations */
727 static int setup_pam(
732 int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
734 static const struct pam_conv conv = {
739 pam_handle_t *handle = NULL;
741 int pam_code = PAM_SUCCESS;
743 bool close_session = false;
744 pid_t pam_pid = 0, parent_pid;
750 /* We set up PAM in the parent process, then fork. The child
751 * will then stay around until killed via PR_GET_PDEATHSIG or
752 * systemd via the cgroup logic. It will then remove the PAM
753 * session again. The parent process will exec() the actual
754 * daemon. We do things this way to ensure that the main PID
755 * of the daemon is the one we initially fork()ed. */
757 if ((pam_code = pam_start(name, user, &conv, &handle)) != PAM_SUCCESS) {
763 if ((pam_code = pam_set_item(handle, PAM_TTY, tty)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
766 if ((pam_code = pam_acct_mgmt(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
769 if ((pam_code = pam_open_session(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
772 close_session = true;
774 if ((!(e = pam_getenvlist(handle)))) {
775 pam_code = PAM_BUF_ERR;
779 /* Block SIGTERM, so that we know that it won't get lost in
781 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
782 sigaddset(&ss, SIGTERM) < 0 ||
783 sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &ss, &old_ss) < 0)
786 parent_pid = getpid();
788 if ((pam_pid = fork()) < 0)
795 /* The child's job is to reset the PAM session on
798 /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length
799 * of "/sbin/init") */
800 rename_process("sd(PAM)");
802 /* Make sure we don't keep open the passed fds in this
803 child. We assume that otherwise only those fds are
804 open here that have been opened by PAM. */
805 close_many(fds, n_fds);
807 /* Wait until our parent died. This will most likely
808 * not work since the kernel does not allow
809 * unprivileged parents kill their privileged children
810 * this way. We rely on the control groups kill logic
811 * to do the rest for us. */
812 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
815 /* Check if our parent process might already have
817 if (getppid() == parent_pid) {
819 if (sigwait(&ss, &sig) < 0) {
826 assert(sig == SIGTERM);
831 /* If our parent died we'll end the session */
832 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
833 if ((pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
839 pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT);
843 /* If the child was forked off successfully it will do all the
844 * cleanups, so forget about the handle here. */
847 /* Unblock SIGTERM again in the parent */
848 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_ss, NULL) < 0)
851 /* We close the log explicitly here, since the PAM modules
852 * might have opened it, but we don't want this fd around. */
863 pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT);
865 pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT);
873 kill(pam_pid, SIGTERM);
874 kill(pam_pid, SIGCONT);
881 static int do_capability_bounding_set_drop(uint64_t drop) {
883 cap_t old_cap = NULL, new_cap = NULL;
887 /* If we are run as PID 1 we will lack CAP_SETPCAP by default
888 * in the effective set (yes, the kernel drops that when
889 * executing init!), so get it back temporarily so that we can
890 * call PR_CAPBSET_DROP. */
892 old_cap = cap_get_proc();
896 if (cap_get_flag(old_cap, CAP_SETPCAP, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &fv) < 0) {
902 static const cap_value_t v = CAP_SETPCAP;
904 new_cap = cap_dup(old_cap);
910 if (cap_set_flag(new_cap, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &v, CAP_SET) < 0) {
915 if (cap_set_proc(new_cap) < 0) {
921 for (i = 0; i <= MAX(63LU, (unsigned long) CAP_LAST_CAP); i++)
922 if (drop & ((uint64_t) 1ULL << (uint64_t) i)) {
923 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i) < 0) {
939 cap_set_proc(old_cap);
946 int exec_spawn(ExecCommand *command,
948 const ExecContext *context,
949 int fds[], unsigned n_fds,
951 bool apply_permissions,
953 bool apply_tty_stdin,
955 CGroupBonding *cgroup_bondings,
962 char **files_env = NULL;
967 assert(fds || n_fds <= 0);
969 if (context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET ||
970 context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET ||
971 context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET) {
983 if ((r = exec_context_load_environment(context, &files_env)) < 0) {
984 log_error("Failed to load environment files: %s", strerror(-r));
989 argv = command->argv;
991 if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) {
996 log_debug("About to execute: %s", line);
1000 if ((r = cgroup_bonding_realize_list(cgroup_bondings)))
1003 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
1011 const char *username = NULL, *home = NULL;
1012 uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1;
1013 gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1;
1014 char **our_env = NULL, **pam_env = NULL, **final_env = NULL, **final_argv = NULL;
1016 int saved_stdout = -1, saved_stdin = -1;
1017 bool keep_stdout = false, keep_stdin = false;
1021 /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length
1022 * of "/sbin/init") */
1023 rename_process("sd(EXEC)");
1025 /* We reset exactly these signals, since they are the
1026 * only ones we set to SIG_IGN in the main daemon. All
1027 * others we leave untouched because we set them to
1028 * SIG_DFL or a valid handler initially, both of which
1029 * will be demoted to SIG_DFL. */
1030 default_signals(SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER,
1031 SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1033 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
1034 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0) {
1035 r = EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK;
1039 /* Close sockets very early to make sure we don't
1040 * block init reexecution because it cannot bind its
1042 if (close_all_fds(socket_fd >= 0 ? &socket_fd : fds,
1043 socket_fd >= 0 ? 1 : n_fds) < 0) {
1048 if (!context->same_pgrp)
1054 if (context->tcpwrap_name) {
1056 if (!socket_tcpwrap(socket_fd, context->tcpwrap_name)) {
1061 for (i = 0; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
1062 if (!socket_tcpwrap(fds[i], context->tcpwrap_name)) {
1069 exec_context_tty_reset(context);
1071 /* We skip the confirmation step if we shall not apply the TTY */
1072 if (confirm_spawn &&
1073 (!is_terminal_input(context->std_input) || apply_tty_stdin)) {
1076 /* Set up terminal for the question */
1077 if ((r = setup_confirm_stdio(context,
1078 &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout)))
1081 /* Now ask the question. */
1082 if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) {
1087 r = ask(&response, "yns", "Execute %s? [Yes, No, Skip] ", line);
1090 if (r < 0 || response == 'n') {
1093 } else if (response == 's') {
1098 /* Release terminal for the question */
1099 if ((r = restore_confirm_stdio(context,
1100 &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout,
1101 &keep_stdin, &keep_stdout)))
1105 /* If a socket is connected to STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR, we
1106 * must sure to drop O_NONBLOCK */
1108 fd_nonblock(socket_fd, false);
1111 if (setup_input(context, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1117 if (setup_output(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1122 if (setup_error(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1127 if (cgroup_bondings)
1128 if (cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, 0) < 0) {
1133 if (context->oom_score_adjust_set) {
1136 snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", context->oom_score_adjust);
1139 if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", t) < 0) {
1140 /* Compatibility with Linux <= 2.6.35 */
1144 adj = (context->oom_score_adjust * -OOM_DISABLE) / OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX;
1145 adj = CLAMP(adj, OOM_DISABLE, OOM_ADJUST_MAX);
1147 snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", adj);
1150 if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_adj", t) < 0
1151 && errno != EACCES) {
1152 r = EXIT_OOM_ADJUST;
1158 if (context->nice_set)
1159 if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, context->nice) < 0) {
1164 if (context->cpu_sched_set) {
1165 struct sched_param param;
1168 param.sched_priority = context->cpu_sched_priority;
1170 if (sched_setscheduler(0, context->cpu_sched_policy |
1171 (context->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork ? SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK : 0), ¶m) < 0) {
1172 r = EXIT_SETSCHEDULER;
1177 if (context->cpuset)
1178 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(context->cpuset_ncpus), context->cpuset) < 0) {
1179 r = EXIT_CPUAFFINITY;
1183 if (context->ioprio_set)
1184 if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, context->ioprio) < 0) {
1189 if (context->timer_slack_nsec_set)
1190 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, context->timer_slack_nsec) < 0) {
1191 r = EXIT_TIMERSLACK;
1195 if (context->utmp_id)
1196 utmp_put_init_process(0, context->utmp_id, getpid(), getsid(0), context->tty_path);
1198 if (context->user) {
1199 username = context->user;
1200 if (get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home) < 0) {
1205 if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
1206 if (chown_terminal(STDIN_FILENO, uid) < 0) {
1211 if (cgroup_bondings && context->control_group_modify)
1212 if (cgroup_bonding_set_group_access_list(cgroup_bondings, 0755, uid, gid) < 0 ||
1213 cgroup_bonding_set_task_access_list(cgroup_bondings, 0644, uid, gid) < 0) {
1219 if (apply_permissions)
1220 if (enforce_groups(context, username, uid) < 0) {
1225 umask(context->umask);
1228 if (context->pam_name && username) {
1229 if (setup_pam(context->pam_name, username, context->tty_path, &pam_env, fds, n_fds) != 0) {
1236 if (strv_length(context->read_write_dirs) > 0 ||
1237 strv_length(context->read_only_dirs) > 0 ||
1238 strv_length(context->inaccessible_dirs) > 0 ||
1239 context->mount_flags != MS_SHARED ||
1240 context->private_tmp)
1241 if ((r = setup_namespace(
1242 context->read_write_dirs,
1243 context->read_only_dirs,
1244 context->inaccessible_dirs,
1245 context->private_tmp,
1246 context->mount_flags)) < 0)
1250 if (context->root_directory)
1251 if (chroot(context->root_directory) < 0) {
1256 if (chdir(context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "/") < 0) {
1264 if (asprintf(&d, "%s/%s",
1265 context->root_directory ? context->root_directory : "",
1266 context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "") < 0) {
1280 /* We repeat the fd closing here, to make sure that
1281 * nothing is leaked from the PAM modules */
1282 if (close_all_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
1283 shift_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
1284 flags_fds(fds, n_fds, context->non_blocking) < 0) {
1289 if (apply_permissions) {
1291 for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) {
1292 if (!context->rlimit[i])
1295 if (setrlimit(i, context->rlimit[i]) < 0) {
1301 if (context->capability_bounding_set_drop)
1302 if (do_capability_bounding_set_drop(context->capability_bounding_set_drop) < 0) {
1303 r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
1308 if (enforce_user(context, uid) < 0) {
1313 /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not privileged, while
1314 * PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress
1315 * potential EPERMs we'll try not to call
1316 * PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. */
1317 if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != context->secure_bits)
1318 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, context->secure_bits) < 0) {
1319 r = EXIT_SECUREBITS;
1323 if (context->capabilities)
1324 if (cap_set_proc(context->capabilities) < 0) {
1325 r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
1330 if (!(our_env = new0(char*, 7))) {
1336 if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_PID=%lu", (unsigned long) getpid()) < 0 ||
1337 asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fds) < 0) {
1343 if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "HOME=%s", home) < 0) {
1349 if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LOGNAME=%s", username) < 0 ||
1350 asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "USER=%s", username) < 0) {
1355 if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input) ||
1356 context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY ||
1357 context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY)
1358 if (!(our_env[n_env++] = strdup(default_term_for_tty(tty_path(context))))) {
1365 if (!(final_env = strv_env_merge(
1369 context->environment,
1377 if (!(final_argv = replace_env_argv(argv, final_env))) {
1382 final_env = strv_env_clean(final_env);
1384 execve(command->path, final_argv, final_env);
1389 strv_free(final_env);
1391 strv_free(files_env);
1392 strv_free(final_argv);
1394 if (saved_stdin >= 0)
1395 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
1397 if (saved_stdout >= 0)
1398 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
1403 strv_free(files_env);
1405 /* We add the new process to the cgroup both in the child (so
1406 * that we can be sure that no user code is ever executed
1407 * outside of the cgroup) and in the parent (so that we can be
1408 * sure that when we kill the cgroup the process will be
1410 if (cgroup_bondings)
1411 cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, pid);
1413 log_debug("Forked %s as %lu", command->path, (unsigned long) pid);
1415 exec_status_start(&command->exec_status, pid);
1421 strv_free(files_env);
1426 void exec_context_init(ExecContext *c) {
1430 c->ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0);
1431 c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
1432 c->syslog_priority = LOG_DAEMON|LOG_INFO;
1433 c->syslog_level_prefix = true;
1434 c->mount_flags = MS_SHARED;
1435 c->kill_signal = SIGTERM;
1436 c->send_sigkill = true;
1439 void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) {
1444 strv_free(c->environment);
1445 c->environment = NULL;
1447 strv_free(c->environment_files);
1448 c->environment_files = NULL;
1450 for (l = 0; l < ELEMENTSOF(c->rlimit); l++) {
1452 c->rlimit[l] = NULL;
1455 free(c->working_directory);
1456 c->working_directory = NULL;
1457 free(c->root_directory);
1458 c->root_directory = NULL;
1463 free(c->tcpwrap_name);
1464 c->tcpwrap_name = NULL;
1466 free(c->syslog_identifier);
1467 c->syslog_identifier = NULL;
1475 strv_free(c->supplementary_groups);
1476 c->supplementary_groups = NULL;
1481 if (c->capabilities) {
1482 cap_free(c->capabilities);
1483 c->capabilities = NULL;
1486 strv_free(c->read_only_dirs);
1487 c->read_only_dirs = NULL;
1489 strv_free(c->read_write_dirs);
1490 c->read_write_dirs = NULL;
1492 strv_free(c->inaccessible_dirs);
1493 c->inaccessible_dirs = NULL;
1496 CPU_FREE(c->cpuset);
1502 void exec_command_done(ExecCommand *c) {
1512 void exec_command_done_array(ExecCommand *c, unsigned n) {
1515 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
1516 exec_command_done(c+i);
1519 void exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand *c) {
1523 LIST_REMOVE(ExecCommand, command, c, i);
1524 exec_command_done(i);
1529 void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand **c, unsigned n) {
1532 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1533 exec_command_free_list(c[i]);
1538 int exec_context_load_environment(const ExecContext *c, char ***l) {
1539 char **i, **r = NULL;
1544 STRV_FOREACH(i, c->environment_files) {
1547 bool ignore = false;
1557 if (!path_is_absolute(fn)) {
1566 if ((k = load_env_file(fn, &p)) < 0) {
1580 m = strv_env_merge(2, r, p);
1596 static void strv_fprintf(FILE *f, char **l) {
1602 fprintf(f, " %s", *g);
1605 void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
1617 "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n"
1618 "%sRootDirectory: %s\n"
1619 "%sNonBlocking: %s\n"
1620 "%sPrivateTmp: %s\n"
1621 "%sControlGroupModify: %s\n",
1623 prefix, c->working_directory ? c->working_directory : "/",
1624 prefix, c->root_directory ? c->root_directory : "/",
1625 prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking),
1626 prefix, yes_no(c->private_tmp),
1627 prefix, yes_no(c->control_group_modify));
1629 STRV_FOREACH(e, c->environment)
1630 fprintf(f, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix, *e);
1632 STRV_FOREACH(e, c->environment_files)
1633 fprintf(f, "%sEnvironmentFile: %s\n", prefix, *e);
1635 if (c->tcpwrap_name)
1637 "%sTCPWrapName: %s\n",
1638 prefix, c->tcpwrap_name);
1645 if (c->oom_score_adjust_set)
1647 "%sOOMScoreAdjust: %i\n",
1648 prefix, c->oom_score_adjust);
1650 for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
1652 fprintf(f, "%s%s: %llu\n", prefix, rlimit_to_string(i), (unsigned long long) c->rlimit[i]->rlim_max);
1656 "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n"
1657 "%sIOPriority: %i\n",
1658 prefix, ioprio_class_to_string(IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(c->ioprio)),
1659 prefix, (int) IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(c->ioprio));
1661 if (c->cpu_sched_set)
1663 "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n"
1664 "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n"
1665 "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n",
1666 prefix, sched_policy_to_string(c->cpu_sched_policy),
1667 prefix, c->cpu_sched_priority,
1668 prefix, yes_no(c->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork));
1671 fprintf(f, "%sCPUAffinity:", prefix);
1672 for (i = 0; i < c->cpuset_ncpus; i++)
1673 if (CPU_ISSET_S(i, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(c->cpuset_ncpus), c->cpuset))
1674 fprintf(f, " %i", i);
1678 if (c->timer_slack_nsec_set)
1679 fprintf(f, "%sTimerSlackNSec: %lu\n", prefix, c->timer_slack_nsec);
1682 "%sStandardInput: %s\n"
1683 "%sStandardOutput: %s\n"
1684 "%sStandardError: %s\n",
1685 prefix, exec_input_to_string(c->std_input),
1686 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_output),
1687 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_error));
1693 "%sTTYVHangup: %s\n"
1694 "%sTTYVTDisallocate: %s\n",
1695 prefix, c->tty_path,
1696 prefix, yes_no(c->tty_reset),
1697 prefix, yes_no(c->tty_vhangup),
1698 prefix, yes_no(c->tty_vt_disallocate));
1700 if (c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ||
1701 c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE ||
1702 c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ||
1703 c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE)
1705 "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n"
1706 "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n",
1707 prefix, log_facility_unshifted_to_string(c->syslog_priority >> 3),
1708 prefix, log_level_to_string(LOG_PRI(c->syslog_priority)));
1710 if (c->capabilities) {
1712 if ((t = cap_to_text(c->capabilities, NULL))) {
1713 fprintf(f, "%sCapabilities: %s\n",
1720 fprintf(f, "%sSecure Bits:%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
1722 (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) ? " keep-caps" : "",
1723 (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? " keep-caps-locked" : "",
1724 (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? " no-setuid-fixup" : "",
1725 (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? " no-setuid-fixup-locked" : "",
1726 (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT) ? " noroot" : "",
1727 (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "noroot-locked" : "");
1729 if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1731 fprintf(f, "%sCapabilityBoundingSet:", prefix);
1733 for (l = 0; l <= (unsigned long) CAP_LAST_CAP; l++)
1734 if (!(c->capability_bounding_set_drop & ((uint64_t) 1ULL << (uint64_t) l))) {
1737 if ((t = cap_to_name(l))) {
1738 fprintf(f, " %s", t);
1747 fprintf(f, "%sUser: %s\n", prefix, c->user);
1749 fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s\n", prefix, c->group);
1751 if (strv_length(c->supplementary_groups) > 0) {
1752 fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix);
1753 strv_fprintf(f, c->supplementary_groups);
1758 fprintf(f, "%sPAMName: %s\n", prefix, c->pam_name);
1760 if (strv_length(c->read_write_dirs) > 0) {
1761 fprintf(f, "%sReadWriteDirs:", prefix);
1762 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_write_dirs);
1766 if (strv_length(c->read_only_dirs) > 0) {
1767 fprintf(f, "%sReadOnlyDirs:", prefix);
1768 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_only_dirs);
1772 if (strv_length(c->inaccessible_dirs) > 0) {
1773 fprintf(f, "%sInaccessibleDirs:", prefix);
1774 strv_fprintf(f, c->inaccessible_dirs);
1780 "%sKillSignal: SIG%s\n"
1781 "%sSendSIGKILL: %s\n",
1782 prefix, kill_mode_to_string(c->kill_mode),
1783 prefix, signal_to_string(c->kill_signal),
1784 prefix, yes_no(c->send_sigkill));
1788 "%sUtmpIdentifier: %s\n",
1789 prefix, c->utmp_id);
1792 void exec_status_start(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid) {
1797 dual_timestamp_get(&s->start_timestamp);
1800 void exec_status_exit(ExecStatus *s, ExecContext *context, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
1803 if ((s->pid && s->pid != pid) ||
1804 !s->start_timestamp.realtime <= 0)
1808 dual_timestamp_get(&s->exit_timestamp);
1814 if (context->utmp_id)
1815 utmp_put_dead_process(context->utmp_id, pid, code, status);
1817 exec_context_tty_reset(context);
1821 void exec_status_dump(ExecStatus *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1822 char buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
1835 prefix, (unsigned long) s->pid);
1837 if (s->start_timestamp.realtime > 0)
1839 "%sStart Timestamp: %s\n",
1840 prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->start_timestamp.realtime));
1842 if (s->exit_timestamp.realtime > 0)
1844 "%sExit Timestamp: %s\n"
1846 "%sExit Status: %i\n",
1847 prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->exit_timestamp.realtime),
1848 prefix, sigchld_code_to_string(s->code),
1852 char *exec_command_line(char **argv) {
1860 STRV_FOREACH(a, argv)
1863 if (!(n = new(char, k)))
1867 STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) {
1874 if (strpbrk(*a, WHITESPACE)) {
1885 /* FIXME: this doesn't really handle arguments that have
1886 * spaces and ticks in them */
1891 void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1893 const char *prefix2;
1902 p2 = strappend(prefix, "\t");
1903 prefix2 = p2 ? p2 : prefix;
1905 cmd = exec_command_line(c->argv);
1908 "%sCommand Line: %s\n",
1909 prefix, cmd ? cmd : strerror(ENOMEM));
1913 exec_status_dump(&c->exec_status, f, prefix2);
1918 void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1924 LIST_FOREACH(command, c, c)
1925 exec_command_dump(c, f, prefix);
1928 void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand **l, ExecCommand *e) {
1935 /* It's kind of important, that we keep the order here */
1936 LIST_FIND_TAIL(ExecCommand, command, *l, end);
1937 LIST_INSERT_AFTER(ExecCommand, command, *l, end, e);
1942 int exec_command_set(ExecCommand *c, const char *path, ...) {
1950 l = strv_new_ap(path, ap);
1956 if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1970 static const char* const exec_input_table[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX] = {
1971 [EXEC_INPUT_NULL] = "null",
1972 [EXEC_INPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1973 [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE] = "tty-force",
1974 [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL] = "tty-fail",
1975 [EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1978 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input, ExecInput);
1980 static const char* const exec_output_table[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX] = {
1981 [EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT] = "inherit",
1982 [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL] = "null",
1983 [EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1984 [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG] = "syslog",
1985 [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE] = "syslog+console",
1986 [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG] = "kmsg",
1987 [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE] = "kmsg+console",
1988 [EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1991 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output, ExecOutput);
1993 static const char* const kill_mode_table[_KILL_MODE_MAX] = {
1994 [KILL_CONTROL_GROUP] = "control-group",
1995 [KILL_PROCESS] = "process",
1996 [KILL_NONE] = "none"
1999 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(kill_mode, KillMode);
2001 static const char* const kill_who_table[_KILL_WHO_MAX] = {
2002 [KILL_MAIN] = "main",
2003 [KILL_CONTROL] = "control",
2007 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(kill_who, KillWho);