1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
22 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
28 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/prctl.h>
35 #include <sys/mount.h>
39 #include "load-fragment.h"
42 #include "conf-parser.h"
43 #include "bus-errors.h"
51 #include "path-util.h"
52 #include "switch-root.h"
53 #include "capability.h"
56 #include "mount-setup.h"
57 #include "loopback-setup.h"
59 #include "kmod-setup.h"
61 #include "hostname-setup.h"
62 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
63 #include "locale-setup.h"
65 #include "selinux-setup.h"
66 #include "ima-setup.h"
67 #include "sd-daemon.h"
74 ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
76 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
78 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
79 static SystemdRunningAs arg_running_as = _SYSTEMD_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
81 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
82 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
83 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
84 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
85 static bool arg_show_status = true;
86 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
87 static char **arg_default_controllers = NULL;
88 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
89 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
90 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
91 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
92 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
93 static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
94 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
95 static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
97 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
99 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
102 _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
105 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
110 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
112 sa.sa_handler = nop_handler;
113 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART;
114 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
116 if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
117 log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
122 /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
124 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
125 assert_se(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == 0);
127 /* Don't limit the core dump size */
129 rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
130 rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
131 setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
133 /* Just to be sure... */
134 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
136 /* Raise the signal again */
139 assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
146 /* Order things nicely. */
147 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
148 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
149 else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
150 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
152 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
157 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
159 if (arg_crash_shell) {
163 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
166 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
168 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
169 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART;
170 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
174 log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
176 make_console_stdio();
177 execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
179 log_error("execl() failed: %m");
183 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
186 log_info("Freezing execution.");
190 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
195 sa.sa_handler = crash;
196 sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
198 sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
201 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
204 /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
205 * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
212 tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
214 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
218 /* We don't want to force text mode.
219 * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
220 r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
222 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
224 close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
228 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
237 free(arg_default_unit);
238 arg_default_unit = c;
243 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
245 static const char * const rlmap[] = {
246 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
247 "-b", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
248 "single", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
249 "-s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
250 "s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
251 "S", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
252 "1", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
253 "2", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
254 "3", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
255 "4", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
256 "5", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
261 if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
264 return set_default_unit(word + 13);
266 } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
269 return set_default_unit(word + 16);
271 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
273 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
274 log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
276 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
278 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
279 log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
281 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
283 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
284 log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
286 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
288 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
289 log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
291 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
294 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
295 log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
299 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
302 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
303 log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
307 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
310 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
311 log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
313 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
315 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
318 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
319 log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
323 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
326 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
327 log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
330 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
333 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
334 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
336 arg_default_std_output = r;
337 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
340 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
341 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
343 arg_default_std_error = r;
344 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
348 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
352 eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
356 log_warning("unsetenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
359 r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
361 log_warning("setenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
365 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
366 (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
368 log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
370 log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
371 "systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start\n"
372 "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
373 "systemd.dump_core=0|1 Dump core on crash\n"
374 "systemd.crash_shell=0|1 Run shell on crash\n"
375 "systemd.crash_chvt=N Change to VT #N on crash\n"
376 "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1 Confirm every process spawn\n"
377 "systemd.show_status=0|1 Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
378 "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
380 "systemd.log_level=LEVEL Log level\n"
381 "systemd.log_color=0|1 Highlight important log messages\n"
382 "systemd.log_location=0|1 Include code location in log messages\n"
383 "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
384 " Set default log output for services\n"
385 "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
386 " Set default log error output for services\n"
387 "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
389 } else if (streq(word, "quiet"))
390 arg_show_status = false;
391 else if (!in_initrd()) {
394 /* SysV compatibility */
395 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
396 if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
397 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
403 static int config_parse_level2(
404 const char *filename,
417 log_set_max_level_from_string(rvalue);
421 static int config_parse_target(
422 const char *filename,
435 log_set_target_from_string(rvalue);
439 static int config_parse_color(
440 const char *filename,
453 log_show_color_from_string(rvalue);
457 static int config_parse_location(
458 const char *filename,
471 log_show_location_from_string(rvalue);
475 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
476 const char *filename,
495 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
500 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
503 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
507 if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
510 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
511 log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to parse CPU affinity: %s", filename, line, rvalue);
516 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
520 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
521 log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
529 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
541 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
542 if (!arg_join_controllers)
545 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
546 arg_join_controllers = NULL;
549 static int config_parse_join_controllers(
550 const char *filename,
567 free_join_controllers();
569 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
572 s = strndup(w, length);
576 l = strv_split(s, ",");
581 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
586 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
587 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
588 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
593 arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
594 arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
601 t = new0(char**, n+2);
609 for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
611 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
614 c = strv_merge(*a, l);
637 t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
639 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
640 arg_join_controllers = t;
647 static int parse_config_file(void) {
649 const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
650 { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL },
651 { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL },
652 { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL },
653 { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL },
654 { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core },
655 { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell },
656 { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_show_status },
657 { "Manager", "CrashChVT", config_parse_int, 0, &arg_crash_chvt },
658 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL },
659 { "Manager", "DefaultControllers", config_parse_strv, 0, &arg_default_controllers },
660 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_output },
661 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_error },
662 { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
663 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog },
664 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog },
665 { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
666 { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec", config_parse_nsec, 0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec },
667 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
668 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
669 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
670 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
671 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
672 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
673 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
674 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
675 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
676 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
677 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
678 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
679 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
680 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
681 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
682 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
683 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
690 fn = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE;
696 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
700 r = config_parse(fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, NULL);
702 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
709 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
710 char *line, *w, *state;
714 /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
715 * that is only relevant for the host system */
716 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
719 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line)) < 0) {
720 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
724 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
727 if (!(word = strndup(w, l))) {
732 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
734 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
749 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
752 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
761 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
769 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
770 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
773 static const struct option options[] = {
774 { "log-level", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL },
775 { "log-target", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET },
776 { "log-color", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR },
777 { "log-location", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION },
778 { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT },
779 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
780 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
781 { "test", no_argument, NULL, ARG_TEST },
782 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
783 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
784 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
785 { "dump-core", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE },
786 { "crash-shell", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL },
787 { "confirm-spawn", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN },
788 { "show-status", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS },
789 { "deserialize", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE },
790 { "switched-root", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT },
791 { "introspect", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT },
792 { "default-standard-output", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, },
793 { "default-standard-error", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, },
805 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
810 if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
811 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
819 if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
820 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
829 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
830 log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
834 log_show_color(true);
838 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
841 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
842 log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
846 log_show_location(true);
850 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
852 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
853 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
856 arg_default_std_output = r;
859 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
861 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
862 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
865 arg_default_std_error = r;
870 if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
871 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
878 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
882 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
886 arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
890 arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
893 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
894 arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
898 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
900 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
906 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
907 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
909 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
915 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
916 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
918 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
921 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
924 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
925 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
927 log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
933 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
937 r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd);
938 if (r < 0 || fd < 0) {
939 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
940 return r < 0 ? r : -EINVAL;
943 fd_cloexec(fd, true);
947 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
952 fclose(serialization);
959 case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
960 arg_switched_root = true;
963 case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
964 const char * const * i = NULL;
966 for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
967 if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
968 fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
971 fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
978 log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
980 arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
985 arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
989 log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
995 /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
996 * cmdline args without getopt() error
997 * messages that we'll parse in
998 * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
1002 if (getpid() != 1) {
1003 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
1010 if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
1011 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
1012 * let's complain about excess arguments */
1014 log_error("Excess arguments.");
1018 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
1021 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
1022 * understand it passed to us. We're not really
1023 * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
1024 * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
1025 * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
1026 * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
1029 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
1030 if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0) {
1031 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
1039 static int help(void) {
1041 printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1042 "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1043 " -h --help Show this help\n"
1044 " --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1045 " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1046 " --introspect[=INTERFACE] Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
1047 " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n"
1048 " --system Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1049 " --user Run a user instance\n"
1050 " --dump-core[=0|1] Dump core on crash\n"
1051 " --crash-shell[=0|1] Run shell on crash\n"
1052 " --confirm-spawn[=0|1] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1053 " --show-status[=0|1] Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1054 " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1055 " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1056 " --log-color[=0|1] Highlight important log messages\n"
1057 " --log-location[=0|1] Include code location in log messages\n"
1058 " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n"
1059 " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n",
1060 program_invocation_short_name);
1065 static int version(void) {
1066 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
1067 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
1072 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool serialize_jobs) {
1081 /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1084 r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
1086 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1093 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1097 r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, serialize_jobs);
1099 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1103 if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1104 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1108 r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
1110 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1114 r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
1116 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1134 static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
1138 assert(saved_rlimit);
1140 /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it
1141 * later when transitioning from the initrd to the main
1142 * systemd or suchlike. */
1143 if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0) {
1144 log_error("Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m");
1148 /* Make sure forked processes get the default kernel setting */
1149 if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) {
1152 rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1);
1156 arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl;
1159 /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially */
1160 nl.rlim_cur = nl.rlim_max = 64*1024;
1161 r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nl);
1163 log_error("Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %s", strerror(-r));
1170 static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) {
1172 unsigned long long a, b;
1176 e = getenv("RD_TIMESTAMP");
1180 if (sscanf(e, "%llu %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
1183 t->realtime = (usec_t) a;
1184 t->monotonic = (usec_t) b;
1189 static void test_mtab(void) {
1192 /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1194 if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1197 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1204 log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1205 "This is not supported anymore. "
1206 "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1209 static void test_usr(void) {
1211 /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1213 if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1216 log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1217 "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1218 "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1221 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1223 if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1226 log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1227 "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1228 "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1229 "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1230 "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1231 "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1236 static int initialize_join_controllers(void) {
1237 /* By default, mount "cpu" + "cpuacct" together, and "net_cls"
1238 * + "net_prio". We'd like to add "cpuset" to the mix, but
1239 * "cpuset" does't really work for groups with no initialized
1242 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3);
1243 if (!arg_join_controllers)
1246 arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL);
1247 if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
1250 arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL);
1251 if (!arg_join_controllers[1])
1254 arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL;
1258 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1260 int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1261 usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1262 char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1264 bool reexecute = false;
1265 const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1266 dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1267 static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1268 bool skip_setup = false;
1270 bool loaded_policy = false;
1271 bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1272 bool queue_default_job = false;
1273 char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1274 static struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = { 0, 0 };
1276 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1277 if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1278 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1279 * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1282 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1283 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1288 /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1289 * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1290 * have a quick peek here. */
1291 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1292 if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) {
1297 /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
1299 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1300 if (streq(argv[j], "--switched-root")) {
1305 /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1306 called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1307 called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1308 systemd right-away. */
1309 program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1310 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1315 log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1317 if (getpid() == 1 && detect_container(NULL) <= 0) {
1319 /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */
1320 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1322 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
1326 char *rd_timestamp = NULL;
1328 dual_timestamp_get(&initrd_timestamp);
1329 asprintf(&rd_timestamp, "%llu %llu",
1330 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.realtime,
1331 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.monotonic);
1333 setenv("RD_TIMESTAMP", rd_timestamp, 1);
1339 if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1341 if (ima_setup() < 0)
1345 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1349 if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1352 /* The first-time call to settimeofday() does a time warp in the kernel */
1353 r = hwclock_set_timezone(&min);
1355 log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1357 log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1358 } else if (!in_initrd()) {
1360 * Do dummy first-time call to seal the kernel's time warp magic
1362 * Do not call this this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not
1363 * carry /etc/adjtime with LOCAL, but the real system could be set up
1364 * that way. In such case, we need to delay the time-warp or the sealing
1365 * until we reach the real system.
1367 hwclock_reset_timezone();
1369 /* Tell the kernel our time zone */
1370 r = hwclock_set_timezone(NULL);
1372 log_error("Failed to set the kernel's time zone, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1376 /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually
1377 * open the logs like this for now. Note that if we
1378 * are transitioning from the initrd there might still
1379 * be journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt
1380 * opening that before we parsed /proc/cmdline which
1381 * might redirect output elsewhere. */
1382 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1384 } else if (getpid() == 1) {
1386 /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */
1387 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1388 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
1391 /* For the later on, see above... */
1392 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL);
1396 /* Running as user instance */
1397 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
1398 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1402 /* Initialize default unit */
1403 r = set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1405 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, strerror(-r));
1409 r = initialize_join_controllers();
1413 /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1414 * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1415 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1416 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1421 /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1422 assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1424 /* If we are init, we can block sigkill. Yay. */
1425 ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1427 if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1430 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1431 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1434 log_parse_environment();
1436 if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1439 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST &&
1441 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1445 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER &&
1446 arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1448 log_error("Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd.");
1452 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM &&
1453 arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1454 running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1455 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1459 if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1462 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
1465 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1466 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1467 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1469 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1470 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1474 assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1476 /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1479 /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1480 r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1482 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1485 fdset_cloexec(fds, true);
1488 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1490 /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
1492 #ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
1493 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
1495 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
1497 arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM);
1499 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1500 /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this
1501 * variables set, but the manager later on will not
1502 * pass them on to our children. */
1504 parse_initrd_timestamp(&initrd_timestamp);
1506 /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
1507 * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
1511 /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
1512 * but make little sense to pass on */
1517 /* When we are invoked by a chroot-like tool such as
1518 * nspawn, these might be set, but make little sense
1521 unsetenv("LOGNAME");
1523 /* We suppress the socket activation env vars, as
1524 * we'll try to match *any* open fd to units if
1526 unsetenv("LISTEN_FDS");
1527 unsetenv("LISTEN_PID");
1529 /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
1530 * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
1533 /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1534 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
1536 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1537 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1540 /* Disable the umask logic */
1544 /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
1545 dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
1547 /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1548 * are freshly booted */
1549 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN)
1550 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
1552 /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1555 /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1558 install_crash_handler();
1560 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1561 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1566 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1567 const char *virtualization = NULL;
1569 log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")");
1571 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
1573 log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
1576 log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
1579 log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")");
1581 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
1584 if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
1599 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1600 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1602 if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
1603 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
1604 log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
1606 if (arg_capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1607 r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop, true);
1609 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %s", strerror(-r));
1612 r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop);
1614 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %s", strerror(-r));
1619 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) {
1620 /* Become reaper of our children */
1621 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
1622 log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
1623 if (errno == EINVAL)
1624 log_info("Perhaps the kernel version is too old (< 3.4?)");
1628 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1629 bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile);
1631 r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
1633 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1637 m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1638 m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1639 m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1640 m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1641 m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1643 manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
1645 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&initrd_timestamp))
1646 m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1648 if (arg_default_controllers)
1649 manager_set_default_controllers(m, arg_default_controllers);
1651 manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1653 /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
1654 queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
1656 before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1658 r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1660 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1662 /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1663 * not claimed by any unit. */
1666 if (serialization) {
1667 fclose(serialization);
1668 serialization = NULL;
1671 if (queue_default_job) {
1673 Unit *target = NULL;
1674 Job *default_unit_job;
1676 dbus_error_init(&error);
1678 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1680 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1682 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1683 dbus_error_free(&error);
1684 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
1685 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1686 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1687 log_error("Default target masked.");
1689 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1690 log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1692 r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1694 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1695 dbus_error_free(&error);
1697 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR) {
1698 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1700 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1701 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1706 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1708 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1709 printf("-> By units:\n");
1710 manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1713 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1715 log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1716 dbus_error_free(&error);
1719 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1721 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1722 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1723 "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1724 format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup));
1726 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1727 printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1728 manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1729 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1735 r = manager_loop(m);
1737 log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1741 switch (m->exit_code) {
1744 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1748 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1749 log_info("Reloading.");
1750 r = manager_reload(m);
1752 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1755 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1757 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
1761 log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1764 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1765 /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1766 switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
1767 switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1768 m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1770 if (!switch_root_init)
1771 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
1775 log_notice("Switching root.");
1778 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1779 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1781 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1782 static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1783 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1784 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1785 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1786 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1789 assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1790 arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1792 log_notice("Shutting down.");
1797 assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1805 for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
1806 free(arg_default_rlimit[j]);
1808 free(arg_default_unit);
1809 strv_free(arg_default_controllers);
1810 free_join_controllers();
1817 unsigned i, args_size;
1819 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1820 * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1821 * rebooted while we do that */
1822 watchdog_close(true);
1824 /* Reset the RLIMIT_NOFILE to the kernel default, so
1825 * that the new systemd can pass the kernel default to
1826 * its child processes */
1827 if (saved_rlimit_nofile.rlim_cur > 0)
1828 setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &saved_rlimit_nofile);
1830 if (switch_root_dir) {
1831 /* Kill all remaining processes from the
1832 * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
1833 * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
1835 broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false);
1837 /* And switch root */
1838 r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
1840 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1843 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1844 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1846 if (!switch_root_init) {
1849 /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1850 * path, and with full serialization. We do
1851 * this only if the user didn't specify an
1852 * explicit init to spawn. */
1854 assert(serialization);
1857 snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1861 args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1862 if (switch_root_dir)
1863 args[i++] = "--switched-root";
1864 args[i++] = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1865 args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1869 assert(i <= args_size);
1870 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1873 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1874 * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1875 * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1876 * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1877 * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1879 if (serialization) {
1880 fclose(serialization);
1881 serialization = NULL;
1889 /* Reopen the console */
1890 make_console_stdio();
1892 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1893 args[i++] = argv[j];
1895 assert(i <= args_size);
1897 if (switch_root_init) {
1898 args[0] = switch_root_init;
1899 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1900 log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1903 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1904 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1906 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1907 log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
1909 args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1911 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1912 log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1914 log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
1918 fclose(serialization);
1923 if (shutdown_verb) {
1924 const char * command_line[] = {
1925 SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1931 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1934 /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1935 * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1936 * repeatedly ping it */
1937 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1938 watchdog_close(false);
1940 /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
1941 snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1944 env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
1946 env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1947 watchdog_close(true);
1950 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1952 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");