2 %%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.10 (November 1996)
3 %%CreationDate: Sun Apr 18 19:41:34 1999
5 %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend)
6 %%DocumentMedia: Plain 595 842 0 white ()
7 %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend)
9 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 842
13 %%BeginResource: procset LoutStartUp
14 /m { 3 1 roll moveto show } bind def
15 /s { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto show } bind def
16 /k { exch neg 0 rmoveto show } bind def
17 /ul { gsave setlinewidth dup 3 1 roll
18 moveto lineto stroke grestore } bind def
38 /LoutGr2 { gsave translate LoutGraphic gsave } def
41 { findfont exch scalefont setfont
45 { findfont dup length dict begin
46 {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall
48 currentdict end definefont pop
54 /LoutEPSFState save def
55 /dict_count countdictstack def
56 /op_count count 1 sub def
59 0 setgray 0 setlinecap
60 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin
61 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath
65 { false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint
71 count op_count sub { pop } repeat
72 countdictstack dict_count sub { end } repeat
77 %%BeginResource encoding vec2
79 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
80 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
81 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
82 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
83 /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright
84 /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash
85 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven
86 /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question
87 /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G
88 /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O
89 /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W
90 /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore
91 /quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g
92 /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o
93 /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w
94 /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef
95 /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /ellipsis /OE /oe /quotedblleft /quotedblright /fi
96 /fl /endash /emdash /bullet /dagger /daggerdbl /florin /fraction
97 /dotlessi /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent
98 /dieresis /.notdef /ring /cedilla /.notdef /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
99 /space /exclamdown /cent /sterling /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
100 /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron
101 /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered
102 /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown
103 /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla
104 /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis
105 /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply
106 /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls
107 /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla
108 /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis
109 /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide
110 /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
114 %%BeginResource: procset LoutMarginNotes
115 % @PrependGraphic file /usr/lib/lout/include/dl.lpg
117 % path for @FullWidthRule symbol
119 { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
122 % path for @Box symbol
124 { 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
125 xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto
129 % path for @CurveBox symbol
132 xsize xmark sub xmark xmark 270 360 arc
133 xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub xmark 0 90 arc
134 xmark ysize xmark sub xmark 90 180 arc
135 xmark xmark xmark 180 270 arc
139 % path for @ShadowBox symbol
141 { xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
142 xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto
143 xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto
144 xsize xmark sub xmark lineto
145 xmark 2 mul xmark lineto
149 % set up dictionary containing margin note data: parity LoutMargSet -
151 { /LoutMargDict 12 dict def
154 /matr matrix currentmatrix def
156 /lefty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next left note
157 /righty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next right note
158 /max { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def
159 /min { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def
163 %translate coordinate system for marginal notes: type LoutMargShift -
164 % where type 0 is left margin, 1 is right margin, 2 is outer, 3 is inner
168 % y coordinate of top of note, in margin coords, before vertical adjust
169 0 ysize transform matr itransform exch pop
171 % decide whether left or right margin based on type and parity
172 exch [ 0 1 parity 1 parity sub ] exch get 0 eq
174 % left margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note
177 % bottom of note is new lefty position and also translate position
178 ysize sub dup /lefty exch def
180 % want right edge of note at coordinate zero
184 % right margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note
187 % bottom of note is new righty position and also translate position
188 ysize sub dup /righty exch def
190 % want left edge of note at coordinate rightx
194 % stack now contains coord of bottom left corner in margin coordinates
195 matr setmatrix translate
199 % create LoutPageDict with left, right, foot, top for @Place symbol users
202 /LoutPageDict 5 dict def
204 /matr matrix currentmatrix def
218 %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman
219 /Times-Romanfnt82 vec2 /Times-Roman LoutRecode
220 /fnt82 { /Times-Romanfnt82 LoutFont } def
221 %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
222 /Times-Boldfnt84 vec2 /Times-Bold LoutRecode
223 /fnt84 { /Times-Boldfnt84 LoutFont } def
224 %%IncludeResource: font Courier-Bold
225 /Courier-Boldfnt31 vec2 /Courier-Bold LoutRecode
226 /fnt31 { /Courier-Boldfnt31 LoutFont } def
227 %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
228 /Times-Italicfnt83 vec2 /Times-Italic LoutRecode
229 /fnt83 { /Times-Italicfnt83 LoutFont } def
234 %%PageResources: font Times-Roman
236 %%+ font Courier-Bold
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259 1417 -15423 translate
260 240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 9066 14006 0 14006 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
264 240 fnt84 8959 13842(1)m 340 fnt84 1359 12943(User)m 2118(ser)s 3(vice)k
265 3190(daemon)s 4421(and)s 5047(client)s 5922(speci\207cation)s 200 fnt82
266 2792 12427(Ian)m 3093(Jackson)s gsave
269 200 fnt31 1031 -43(<ian@davenant.greenend.org.uk>)m
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273 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
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283 2621(Unix)s 3155(system)s 3879(f)s 2(acility)k 4606(to)s
284 4845(allo)s 6(w)k 5424(one)s 5826(program)s 6696(to)s
285 6935(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e)k 7628(another)s
286 8405(when)s 0 9962(only)m 480(limited)s 1214(trust)s 1698(e)s 3(xists)k
287 2290(between)s 3144(them.)s 9066 610 0 610 240 240 60 0 8998 LoutGr2
288 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
294 320 fnt84 0 6(0.2.)m 628(Contents)s
297 240 fnt84 0 8586(1.)m 1200(Intr)s 4(oduction)k 8953(3)s
298 0 8229(2.)m 1200(Client)s 1883(pr)s 4(ogram)k 2839(usage)s
299 8952(4)s 240 fnt82 0 7990(2.1.)m 1200(Options)s 8952(4)s
300 0 7753(2.2.)m 1200(Security-o)s 3(v)k 3(erriding)k 3118(options)s
301 8958(7)s 240 fnt84 0 7408(3.)m 1200(Execution)s 2279(en)s 9(vir)k 4(onment)k
302 3627(of)s 3899(the)s 4273(ser)s 2(vice)k 5030(pr)s 4(ogram)k
303 8952(8)s 240 fnt82 0 7169(3.1.)m 1200(File)s 1627(descriptors)s
304 8959(8)s 0 6932(3.2.)m 1200(En)s 9(vironment)k 8955(9)s
305 240 fnt84 0 6587(4.)m 1200(Ser)s 2(vice-side)k 2474(con\207guration)s
306 8831(10)s 240 fnt82 0 6348(4.1.)m 1200(Con\207guration)s 2587(\207le)s
307 2948(syntax)s 8831(10)s 0 6111(4.2.)m 1200(Con\207guration)s 2587(\207le)s
308 2948(directi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 8831(10)s 0 5873(4.3.)m
309 1200(Errors)s 1847(in)s 2090(the)s 2438(con\207guration)s 3771(\207le)s
310 8833(16)s 0 5636(4.4.)m 1200(Def)s 2(aults)k 8838(17)s
311 240 fnt84 0 5291(5.)m 1200(Inf)s 6(ormation)k 2498(passed)s
312 3231(thr)s 4(ough)k 4106(the)s 4480(client/daemon)s 5969(combination)s
313 8832(18)s 0 4934(6.)m 1200(A)s 6(pplications)k 2536(and)s
314 2977(notes)s 3562(on)s 3871(use)s 8831(20)s 240 fnt82
315 0 4695(6.1.)m 1200(Standard)s 2108(services)s 2928(and)s 3332(directory)s
316 4248(management)s 8831(20)s 0 4457(6.2.)m 1200(Reducing)s 2171(the)s
317 2519(number)s 3310(of)s 3581(absolutely)s 4618(pri)s 6(vile)k 3(ged)k
318 5636(subsystems)s 8831(20)s 0 4219(6.3.)m 1200(Do)s 1546(not)s
319 1912(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 2371(a)s 3(w)k 2(ay)k
320 2925(e)s 3(xcessi)k 6(v)k 3(e)k 3885(pri)s 6(vile)k 3(ge)k
324 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
326 5520(-using)s 6171(f)s 2(acilities)k
327 8831(20)s 0 3981(6.4.)m gsave
330 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
333 1970(not)s 2336(a)s 2502(replacement)s 3729(for)s gsave
342 240 fnt31 0 -52(sudo)m
345 0 3742(6.5.)m 1200(Don')s 4(t)k 1814(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
346 2273(access)s 2934(to)s 3173(general-purpose)s 4769(utilities)s 8851(21)s
347 9066 670 0 670 240 240 60 0 2491 LoutGr2
348 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
354 320 fnt84 0 66(0.3.)m 628(Copyright)s 2109(Notice)s
362 560 2327(is)m 770(Cop)s 2(yright)k 1799(1996-1999)s
363 2889(Ian)s 3251(Jackson.)s gsave
366 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
369 737(free)s 1146(softw)s 2(are;)k 2062(you)s 2460(can)s
370 2832(redistrib)s 4(ute)k 3955(it)s 4130(and/or)s 4784(modify)s
371 5512(it)s 5688(under)s 6276(the)s 6607(terms)s 7172(of)s
372 7426(the)s 7757(GNU)s 8315(General)s 0 1474(Public)m 659(License)s
373 1453(as)s 1698(published)s 2682(by)s 2971(the)s 3314(Free)s
374 3789(Softw)s 2(are)k 4699(F)s 3(oundation;)k 5894(either)s
375 6492(v)s 3(ersion)k 7245(2)s 7414(of)s 7680(the)s
376 8023(License,)s 8867(or)s 0 1234(\(at)m 311(your)s 810(option\))s
377 1550(an)s 3(y)k 1947(later)s 2430(v)s 3(ersion.)k
378 0 826(This)m 476(program)s 1346(is)s 1556(distrib)s 4(uted)k
379 2632(in)s 2875(the)s 3223(hope)s 3745(that)s 4163(it)s
380 4355(will)s 4781(be)s 5063(useful,)s 5754(b)s 4(ut)k
381 240 fnt83 6116 828(without)m 6898(any)s 7300(warr)s 3(anty)k
382 240 fnt82 8171 826(;)m 8283(without)s 0 52(User)m 511(service)s
383 1243(daemon)s 2058(and)s 2462(client)s 3052(speci\207cation)s 8482(0.61.3)s
394 %%PageResources: font Times-Roman
396 %%+ font Times-Italic
397 %%+ font Courier-Bold
399 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
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418 1417 -15423 translate
419 240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 9066 14006 0 14006 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
423 240 fnt84 0 13842(2)m 240 fnt82 0 13252(e)m 6(v)k 3(en)k
424 500(the)s 848(implied)s 1636(w)s 2(arranty)k 2537(of)s
425 240 fnt83 2808 13254(mer)m 8(c)k 3(hantability)k 240 fnt82
426 4367 13252(or)m 240 fnt83 4626 13254(\207tness)m 5279(for)s 5623(a)s
427 5798(particular)s 6833(purpose)s 240 fnt82 7598 13252(.)m 7702(See)s
428 8103(the)s 8451(GNU)s 0 13012(General)m 811(Public)s 1475(License)s
429 2274(for)s 2612(more)s 3159(details.)s 0 12604(Y)m 26(ou)k
430 442(should)s 1139(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 1640(re)s
431 1821(cei)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k 2494(a)s 2660(cop)s 2(y)k
432 3178(of)s 3449(the)s 3797(GNU)s 4372(Gen)s 4768(er)s
433 4953(al)s 5180(Pub)s 5546(lic)s 5837(Li)s 6043(cense)s
434 6630(along)s 7215(with)s gsave
437 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
440 8309(if)s 8526(not,)s 0 12363(write)m 546(to)s 785(the)s
441 1133(Free)s 1613(Soft)s 2011(w)s 2(are)k 2529(F)s 3(oun)k
442 3016(da)s 3242(tion,)s 3721(59)s 4012(T)s 16(em)k
443 4434(ple)s 4782(Place)s 5355(-)s 5483(Suite)s 6030(330,)s
444 6497(Boston,)s 7283(MA)s 7726(02111-1307,)s 0 12123(USA.)m 0 52(0.61.3)m
445 4809(User)s 5320(service)s 6052(daemon)s 6867(and)s 7271(client)s
446 7861(speci\207cation)s
456 %%PageResources: font Times-Roman
458 %%+ font Courier-Bold
460 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
464 240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
479 1417 -15423 translate
480 240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 9066 14006 0 14006 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
484 240 fnt84 8953 13842(3)m gsave
486 240 fnt82 9066 622 0 622 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
488 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
494 340 fnt84 0 4(1.)m 412(Intr)s 6(oduction)k
497 240 fnt82 0 12330(There)m 613(is)s 823(a)s 989(daemon)s
498 1804(which)s 2446(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(es)k
499 3227(user)s 3685(service)s 4417(programs)s 5371(\(henceforth)s 6529(`services'\))s
500 7584(in)s 7827(response)s 8720(to)s 0 12090(requests)m 822(by)s
501 1104(callers)s 1765(of)s 2024(a)s 2178(companion)s 3287(client)s
502 3865(program)s 4723(\(henceforth)s 5869(the)s 6205(`client'\))s 7009(and)s
503 7401(according)s 8385(to)s 8611(rules)s 0 11850(set)m 325(forth)s
504 846(in)s 1089(system-wide)s 2353(and)s 2757(user)s 4(-speci\207c)k
505 4013(con\207guration)s 5346(\207les.)s 5848(The)s 6276(companion)s 7397(client)s
506 7987(program)s 0 11610(is)m 210(setuid)s 839(root,)s 1331(and)s
507 1735(ne)s 3(gotiates)k 2752(with)s 3234(the)s 3582(daemon)s
508 4397(through)s 5199(an)s gsave
511 240 fnt31 0 -52(AF_UNIX)m
514 6911(and)s 7315(associated)s 8355(objects)s 0 11370(in)m 243(a)s
515 409(system-wide)s 1673(pri)s 6(v)k 6(ate)k 2380(directory)s
516 3296(set)s 3621(aside)s 4168(for)s 4506(the)s 4854(purpose.)s
517 5716(The)s 6144(user)s 6602(who)s 7068(wishes)s 7770(the)s
518 8118(service)s 8850(to)s 0 11130(be)m 282(performed)s 1335(and)s
519 1739(calls)s 2227(the)s 2575(client)s 3165(is)s 3375(called)s
520 4003(the)s 4351(`calling)s 5133(user';)s 5722(the)s 6070(process)s
521 6838(which)s 7480(calls)s 7968(the)s 8316(client)s 8906(is)s
522 0 10890(called)m 628(the)s 976(`calling)s 1758(process'.)s 0 10482(The)m
523 428(daemon)s 1243(and)s 1647(the)s 1995(client)s 2585(are)s
524 2932(responsible)s 4077(for)s 4415(ensuring)s 5292(that)s 5710(information)s
525 6895(is)s 7105(safely)s 7729(carried)s 8449(across)s 0 10242(the)m
526 338(security)s 1138(boundary)s 2087(between)s 2931(the)s 3269(tw)s 2(o)k
527 3669(users,)s 4257(and)s 4650(that)s 5058(the)s 5396(processes)s
528 6353(on)s 6640(either)s 7233(side)s 7664(cannot)s 8351(interact)s
529 0 10002(with)m 482(each)s 977(other)s 1528(in)s 1771(an)s 3(y)k
530 2168(une)s 3(xpected)k 3313(w)s 2(ays.)k 0 52(User)m
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566 1417 -15423 translate
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571 240 fnt84 0 13842(4)m gsave
573 240 fnt82 9066 688 0 688 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
575 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
581 340 fnt84 0 70(2.)m 412(Client)s
582 1382(pr)s 6(ogram)k 2737(usage)s
587 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
591 240 fnt83 0 -52(options)m
593 2003([\211\211])s gsave
596 240 fnt83 0 -52(service\211user)m
602 240 fnt83 0 -52(service\211name)m
607 240 fnt83 0 -52(ar)m 8(gument)k
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613 240 fnt83 0 -52(options)m
615 2003(\211B|\211\211builtin)s
616 3875([\211\211])s gsave
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625 240 fnt83 0 -52(info\211ar)m 8(gument)k
630 0 11448(service-user)m 240 fnt82 1232 11446(speci\207es)m 2106(which)s 2748(user)s
631 3206(is)s 3416(to)s 3655(pro)s 3(vide)k 4439(the)s
632 4787(service.)s 5567(The)s 5995(user)s 6453(may)s 6919(be)s
633 7201(a)s 7367(login)s 7916(name)s 8490(or)s 8749(a)s
634 0 11206(numeric)m 836(uid,)s 1249(or)s gsave
637 240 fnt31 0 -52(\211)m
640 1668(to)s 1907(indicate)s 2719(that)s 3137(the)s 3485(service)s
641 4217(user)s 4675(is)s 4885(to)s 5124(be)s 5406(the)s
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644 3036(by)s 3330(the)s 3678(userv)s 153 fnt82 4191 10887(1)m
645 240 fnt82 4311 10798(daemon)m 5126(on)s 5423(behalf)s 6092(of)s
646 6363(the)s 6711(service)s 7443(user)s 13(.)k 7932(It)s
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667 240 fnt31 0 -52(\211B)m
672 240 fnt31 0 -52(\211\211builtin)m
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692 8053 7703(requested,)m 480 7463(and)m 884(requesting)s 1933(a)s 2099(service)s
693 2831(user)s 3289(of)s gsave
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699 4808(the)s 5156(calling)s 5859(user\).)s 480 7055(If)m 701(the)s
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712 3635(of)s 3906(the)s 4254(b)s 4(uiltin)k 4931(ser)s
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1444 7491 10343 translate
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1999 436(an)s 719(error)s 1242(then)s 1711(the)s 2059(service)s
2000 2791(will)s 3217(be)s 3499(disconnected)s 4806(from)s 5330(the)s
2001 5678(client.)s 6312(The)s 6740(client)s 7330(will)s 7756(return)s
2002 8383(an)s 0 10487(e)m 3(xit)k 415(status)s 1010(of)s
2003 1281(255)s 1687(and)s 2091(some)s 2652(the)s 3000(service')s 13(s)k
2004 3886(pipes)s 4442(may)s 4908(be)s 5190(closed)s 5859(at)s
2005 6091(the)s 6439(other)s 6990(end.)s 7440(The)s 7868(service)s
2006 8600(will)s 0 10247(become)m 800(a)s 966(child)s 1502(of)s
2008 1773 10301 translate
2010 240 fnt31 0 -52(init)m
2012 2173(.)s 2277(The)s 2705(service)s
2013 3437(may)s 3903(well)s 4369(not)s 4735(notice)s 5375(the)s
2014 5723(disconnection,)s 7159(though)s 7882(writing)s 8625(to)s 8864(a)s
2015 0 10007(pipe)m 468(after)s 964(this)s 1360(may)s 1826(produce)s
2017 2819 10061 translate
2019 240 fnt31 0 -52(SIGPIPE)m
2021 3579(and)s 3983(the)s
2022 4331(f)s 2(acility)k 5058(e)s 3(xists)k 5650(to)s
2023 5889(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6390(a)s gsave
2024 6556 10061 translate
2029 7216(sent)s 7661(to)s 7900(the)s 8248(service)s
2030 0 9767(on)m 297(disconnection.)s 9066 670 0 670 240 240 60 0 8743 LoutGr2
2031 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
2037 320 fnt84 0 66(3.1.)m 628(File)s
2040 0 8281(The)m 428(service)s 1160(program')s 13(s)k
2041 2180(standard)s 3048(\207ledescriptors,)s 4508(and)s 4912(possibly)s 5764(other)s
2042 6315(\207le)s 6676(descriptors,)s 7831(will)s 8257(be)s 0 8041(connected)m
2043 1028(to)s 1266(pipes)s 1821(or)s 2080(to)s gsave
2049 3219(.)s 3322(The)s gsave
2052 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
2055 4309(client/daemon)s 5719(pair)s 6150(will)s 6575(arrange)s 7346(that)s
2056 7764(data)s 8221(is)s 8430(copied)s 0 7801(between)m 854(the)s
2057 1202(\207les)s 1651(or)s 1910(\207le)s 2271(descriptors)s 3370(speci\207ed)s
2058 4278(to)s 4517(to)s 4756(the)s 5104(client)s 5694(by)s
2059 5988(the)s 6336(caller)s 6925(and)s 7329(these)s 7876(these)s
2060 8423(pipes.)s 0 7393(Pipes)m 569(which)s 1211(may)s 1677(be)s
2061 1959(written)s 2692(to)s 2931(will)s 3357(be)s 3639(closed)s
2062 4308(if)s 4525(a)s 4691(write)s 5237(error)s 5760(occurs)s
2063 6435(on)s 6732(the)s 7080(corresponding)s 0 7153(client-side)m 1043(\207le)s
2064 1396(or)s 1647(descriptor)s 9(,)k 2692(which)s 3326(may)s
2065 3784(result)s 4366(in)s 4601(a)s gsave
2068 240 fnt31 0 -52(SIGPIPE)m
2071 5512(in)s 5747(the)s 6087(service)s 6811(program;)s 7725(pipes)s
2072 8273(open)s 8788(for)s 0 6913(reading)m 770(will)s 1196(get)s
2076 240 fnt31 0 -52(EOF)m
2078 1908(if)s 2125(the)s 2473(client-side)s
2079 3523(\207le)s 3884(descriptor)s 4899(gets)s gsave
2082 240 fnt31 0 -52(EOF)m
2085 5695(or)s 5954(an)s 6237(error)s 13(.)k 0 6505(If)m
2086 230(the)s 578(service)s 1310(closes)s 1945(one)s 2347(of)s
2087 2618(its)s 2894(reading)s 3663(\207le)s 4024(descriptors)s 5123(the)s
2088 5471(writing)s 6214(end)s 6618(of)s 6889(the)s 7237(corresponding)s
2089 8658(pipe)s 0 6265(will)m 421(generate)s 1280(a)s gsave
2095 2195(when)s 2766(attempts)s 3620(are)s 3962(made)s
2096 4530(by)s 4819(the)s 5161(client/daemon)s 6567(pair)s 6992(to)s
2097 7226(write)s 7766(to)s 8000(it.)s 8230(This)s 8700(will)s
2098 0 6025(not)m 366(be)s 648(considered)s 1742(an)s 2025(error;)s
2099 2600(rather)s 9(,)k 3254(the)s 3602(rele)s 6(v)k 6(ant)k
2100 4419(pipe)s 4887(will)s 5313(be)s 5595(discarded)s 6569(and)s
2101 6973(the)s 7321(corresponding)s 8743(\207le)s 0 5785(or)m 259(\207le)s
2102 620(descriptor)s 1635(held)s 2105(by)s 2399(the)s 2747(client)s
2103 3337(will)s 3763(be)s 4045(closed.)s 0 5377(Lik)m 2(e)k 6(wise,)k
2104 975(if)s 1192(one)s 1594(of)s 1865(the)s 2213(\207le)s
2105 2574(descriptors)s 3673(held)s 4143(by)s 4437(the)s 4785(client)s
2106 5375(for)s 5713(writing)s 6456(by)s 6750(the)s 7098(service)s
2107 7830(is)s 8040(a)s 8206(pipe)s 0 5137(whose)m 665(other)s
2108 1213(end)s 1613(is)s 1820(closed)s 2485(by)s 2776(the)s
2109 3120(caller)s 3706(then)s 4171(the)s 4516(client/daemon)s 5923(pair)s
2110 6351(will)s 6773(see)s 7131(an)s 7410(error)s 7930(when)s
2111 8502(trying)s 0 4897(to)m 239(cop)s 2(y)k 757(data)s
2112 1215(pro)s 3(vided)k 2121(by)s 2415(the)s 2763(service.)s
2113 3543(This)s 4019(too)s 4378(will)s 4804(not)s 5170(be)s
2114 5452(considered)s 6546(an)s 6829(error;)s 7404(rather)s 9(,)k
2115 8058(the)s 8406(pipe)s 0 4657(correspondong)m 1476(to)s 1715(that)s
2116 2133(descriptor)s 3148(will)s 3574(be)s 3856(closed)s 4525(and)s
2117 4929(an)s 3(y)k 5326(further)s 6035(writes)s 6669(will)s
2118 7095(cause)s 7682(the)s 8030(service)s 8762(to)s 0 4417(get)m
2122 240 fnt31 0 -52(SIGPIPE)m
2124 1218(.)s 0 4009(Note)m
2125 521(that)s 939(not)s 1305(all)s 1598(write)s 2144(errors)s
2126 2751(or)s 3010(brok)s 2(en)k 3730(pipes)s 4286(on)s
2127 4583(\207le)s 4944(descriptors)s 6043(may)s 6509(be)s 6791(visible)s
2128 7484(to)s 7723(the)s 8071(service,)s 0 3769(since)m 547(b)s 4(uf)k 6(fered)k
2129 1404(data)s 1862(may)s 2328(be)s 2610(discarded)s 3584(by)s
2130 3878(the)s 4226(operating)s 5182(system)s 5906(and)s 6310(there)s
2131 6843(will)s 7269(be)s 7551(a)s 7717(\207nite)s 8264(interv)s 6(al)k
2132 0 3529(between)m 847(the)s 1188(error)s 1703(happening)s 2747(and)s
2133 3144(the)s 3484(service)s 4209(being)s 4787(disconnected)s 6086(from)s
2134 6603(the)s 6944(client)s 7526(or)s 7778(the)s 8119(ne)s 3(xt)k
2135 8580(write)s 0 3289(causing)m 784(a)s gsave
2138 240 fnt31 0 -52(SIGPIPE)m
2141 1650(.)s 0 2881(Read)m 550(errors)s 1157(on)s 1454(\207le)s
2142 1815(descriptors)s 2914(\(and)s 3397(disconnection\))s 4854(will)s 5280(only)s
2143 5760(be)s 6042(visible)s 6735(to)s 6974(the)s 7322(service)s
2144 8054(and)s 0 2641(distinguishable)m 1504(from)s 2028(normal)s 2760(end)s
2145 3164(of)s 3435(\207le)s 3796(if)s gsave
2148 240 fnt31 0 -52(disconnect\211hup)m
2151 5474(is)s 5684(in)s 5927(ef)s 6(fect.)k 0 2233(Read)m
2152 549(and)s 951(write)s 1495(errors)s 2100(\(other)s 2728(than)s
2153 3196(brok)s 2(en)k 3914(pipes,)s 4524(as)s 4772(described)s
2154 5744(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e\))k 6437(will)s 6861(al)s 2(w)k 2(ays)k
2155 7570(be)s 7850(visible)s 8541(to)s 8778(the)s 0 1993(caller;)m
2156 627(the)s 3(y)k 1075(are)s 1408(system)s 2117(errors,)s
2157 2766(and)s 3155(will)s 3566(therefore)s 4469(cause)s 5041(the)s
2158 5375(client)s 5950(to)s 6174(print)s 6671(an)s 6939(error)s
2159 7448(message)s 8299(to)s 8523(stderr)s 0 1752(and)m 404(return)s
2160 1031(with)s 1513(an)s 1796(e)s 3(xit)k 2211(status)s
2161 2806(of)s 3077(255.)s 0 1344(If)m 230(the)s 578(main)s
2162 1113(service)s 1845(program)s 2715(process)s 3483(e)s 3(xits)k
2163 3982(while)s 4569(it)s 4761(still)s 5173(has)s 5543(running)s
2164 6341(children)s 7181(an)s 3(y)k 7578(\207le)s 7939(descriptors)s
2165 0 1104(held)m 470(by)s 764(those)s 1325(children)s 2165(can)s
2166 2554(remain)s 3274(open,)s 3847(depending)s 4898(on)s 5195(the)s
2167 5543(use)s 5918(of)s gsave
2170 240 fnt31 0 -52(wait)m
2176 240 fnt31 0 -52(nowait)m
2181 240 fnt31 0 -52(close)m
2184 8175(for)s 8513(the)s 0 864(rele)m 6(v)k 6(ant)k
2185 817(\207le)s 1178(descriptor)s 2193(in)s 2436(the)s 2784(client')s 13(s)k
2186 3524(ar)s 4(guments.)k 4620(By)s 4954(def)s 2(ault)k
2187 5675(writing)s 6418(\207ledescriptors)s 7822(remain)s 8542(open)s 0 52(0.61.3)m
2188 4809(User)s 5320(service)s 6052(daemon)s 6867(and)s 7271(client)s
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2230 2575(them)s 3113(to)s 3352(be)s 3634(closed)s 4303(at)s
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2261 480 10866(The)m 908(login)s 1457(name)s
2262 2031(of)s 2302(the)s 2650(calling)s 3353(user)s 13(.)k
2263 3842(If)s 4072(the)s gsave
2264 4420 10920 translate
2266 240 fnt31 0 -52(LOGNAME)m
2268 5180(v)s 6(ariable)k
2269 5999(is)s 6209(set)s 6534(\(or)s 9(,)k 6910(if)s
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2276 940 10626(v)m 6(ariable)k 1759(is)s
2277 1969(set\))s 2362(in)s 2605(the)s 2953(en)s 9(vironment)k
2278 4213(passed)s 4909(to)s 5148(the)s 5496(client)s 6086(by)s
2279 6380(the)s 6728(caller)s 7317(then)s 7786(the)s 8134(passw)s 2(ord)k
2280 480 10386(entry)m 1025(for)s 1363(that)s 1781(login)s 2330(name)s
2281 2904(will)s 3330(be)s 3612(look)s 2(ed)k 4320(up;)s
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2286 4945(be)s 5220(used,)s 5759(otherwise)s 6737(\(or)s 7068(if)s
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2298 938 9906(is)m 1146(set\))s 1537(the)s 1883(calling)s
2299 2583(process')s 13(s)k 3508(uid)s 3870(will)s 4294(be)s
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2301 6815(their)s 7310(login)s 7857(name)s 8429(\(and)s 8909(if)s
2302 480 9666(this)m 876(lookup)s 1595(f)s 2(ails)k 2054(then)s
2303 2523(the)s 2871(service)s 3603(will)s 4029(not)s 4395(be)s
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2311 1891(calling)s 2594(process.)s gsave
2314 240 fnt31 0 -52(USERV_GID)m
2317 908(gid)s 1272(and)s 1676(supplementary)s 3138(group)s 3750(list)s
2318 4101(of)s 4372(the)s 4720(calling)s 5423(process:)s 6246(\207rst)s
2319 6677(the)s 7025(group)s 7637(in)s 7880(gid)s 8244(and)s
2320 8648(then)s 480 8466(those)m 1041(in)s 1284(the)s 1632(supplementary)s
2321 3094(group)s 3706(list,)s 4104(in)s 4347(decimal,)s 5210(separated)s
2322 6170(by)s 6464(spaces.)s gsave
2325 240 fnt31 0 -52(USERV_GROUP)m
2328 908(group)s 1520(names)s 2182(of)s 2453(the)s 2801(calling)s
2329 3504(process,)s 4328(listed)s 4903(in)s 5146(the)s 5494(same)s
2330 6041(w)s 2(ay)k 6492(as)s 6742(the)s 7090(ids)s
2331 7420(are)s 7767(in)s gsave
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2349 4723(\(this)s 5198(directory)s 6114(may)s 6580(not)s 6946(be)s
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2361 3333(is)s 3543(not)s 3909(considered)s 5003(an)s 5286(error\).)s
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2375 240 fnt83 0 -52(name)m
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3108 483(processing)s 1559(of)s 1830(the)s 2178(con\207guration)s 3511(\207les.)s
3112 240 fnt31 0 -52(user\211rcfile)m gsave
3115 240 fnt83 0 -52(\207lename)m
3119 480 9054(Speci\207es)m
3120 1380(that)s 1784(the)s 2118(\207le)s 240 fnt83 2465 9056(\207lename)m
3121 240 fnt82 3315 9054(should)m 3998(be)s 4266(read)s 4721(instead)s
3122 5442(of)s 5699(the)s 6033(user')s 13(s)k gsave
3128 7728(.)s 7818(This)s 8280(does)s 240 fnt83
3129 8756 9056(not)m 240 fnt82 480 8814(happen)m 1229(immediately;)s 2535(instead,)s
3130 3319(the)s 3667(setting)s 4357(is)s 4567(remembered)s 5819(and)s
3131 6223(used)s 6720(after)s 7216(the)s gsave
3134 240 fnt31 0 -52(system.default)m
3137 480 8574(con\207guration)m 1812(\207le)s 2171(has)s 2539(been)s 3046(read.)s
3138 3559(This)s 4033(directi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4913(has)s
3139 5281(no)s 5572(ef)s 6(fect)k 6166(in)s 6407(a)s
3140 6571(user')s 13(s)k 7177(con\207guration)s 8508(\207le)s 8867(or)s
3141 480 8334(in)m 723(the)s gsave
3144 240 fnt31 0 -52(system.override)m
3147 3044(as)s 3294(the)s 3642(user')s 13(s)k 4250(con\207guration)s
3148 5583(\207le)s 5944(has)s 6314(already)s 7071(been)s 7580(found)s
3149 8197(and)s 8601(read)s 480 8094(by)m 774(then)s 1243(and)s
3150 1647(will)s 2073(not)s 2439(be)s 2721(re-read.)s gsave
3154 0 -52(errors\211to\211stderr)m
3156 480 7460(Causes)m 1209(error)s 1732(messages)s 2686(to)s
3157 2925(be)s 3207(deli)s 6(v)k 3(ered)k 4145(to)s
3158 4384(the)s 4732(client')s 13(s)k 5472(stderr)s 13(.)k
3162 240 fnt31 0 -52(errors\211to\211file)m
3164 240 fnt83 1581 7068(\207lename)m 240 fnt82
3165 480 6826(Error)m 1039(messages)s 1989(will)s 2410(be)s 2688(written)s
3166 3416(to)s 240 fnt83 3651 6828(\207lename)m 240 fnt82 4455 6826(,)m
3167 4557(which)s 5195(will)s 5617(be)s 5894(opened)s 6640(in)s
3168 6878(the)s 7222(conte)s 3(xt)k 7978(of)s 8245(and)s
3169 8644(with)s 480 6586(the)m 828(pri)s 6(vile)k 3(ges)k
3170 1812(of)s 2083(the)s 2431(service)s 3163(user)s 13(.)k
3174 240 fnt31 0 -52(errors\211to\211syslog)m
3176 1782 6192([)m 240 fnt83 1853 6194(facility)m
3177 240 fnt82 2571 6192([)m 240 fnt83 2642 6194(le)m 3(vel)k
3178 240 fnt82 3089 6192(]])m 480 5952(Error)m 1043(messages)s 1997(will)s
3179 2423(be)s 2705(deli)s 6(v)k 3(ered)k 3643(using)s
3183 240 fnt31 0 -52(syslog)m
3185 4815(.)s 4919(The)s 5347(def)s 2(ault)k
3186 240 fnt83 6068 5954(facility)m 240 fnt82 6786 5952(is)m gsave
3192 7396(;)s 7508(the)s 7856(def)s 2(ault)k
3193 240 fnt83 8577 5954(le)m 3(vel)k 240 fnt82 480 5712(is)m
3197 240 fnt31 0 -52(error)m
3199 1190(.)s 300 fnt84 0 5095(4.2.3.)m
3200 813(Contr)s 5(ol)k 1874(structur)s 5(e)k 3117(dir)s 5(ecti)k 3(v)k 3(es)k
3201 240 fnt82 0 4580(The)m 421(follo)s 6(wing)k 1390(directi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k
3202 2353(are)s 2692(used)s 3182(to)s 3413(create)s 4031(control)s
3203 4755(structures.)s 5780(If)s 6002(the)s 6343(end)s 6739(of)s
3204 7003(the)s 7343(\207le)s 7697(is)s 7899(encountered)s 0 4340(before)m
3205 666(the)s 1014(end)s 1418(of)s 1689(an)s 3(y)k
3206 2086(control)s 2818(structure)s 3709(which)s 4351(w)s 2(as)k
3207 4772(started)s 5466(inside)s 6093(it)s 6285(then)s 6754(that)s
3208 7172(control)s 7904(structure)s 8795(is)s 0 4100(considered)m 1094(\207nished.)s
3209 1956(This)s 2432(is)s 2642(not)s 3008(an)s 3291(error)s 13(.)k
3213 240 fnt31 0 -52(if)m gsave
3216 240 fnt83 0 -52(condition)m
3227 240 fnt83 0 -52(condition)m
3234 240 fnt31 0 -52(else)m
3240 240 fnt31 0 -52(fi)m
3242 480 2732(Lines)m 1062(follo)s 6(wing)k
3246 240 fnt31 0 -52(if)m
3248 2299(are)s 2646(interpreted)s 3738(only)s
3249 4218(if)s 4435(the)s 4783(condition)s 5744(is)s 5954(true.)s
3250 6429(Man)s 3(y)k 7039(conditions)s 8087(are)s 480 2492(properties)m
3251 1486(of)s 1757(parameter)s 2771(v)s 6(alues.)k 3480(Most)s
3252 4032(parameters)s 5130(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 5631(a)s
3253 5797(single)s 6424(string)s 7021(as)s 7271(a)s 7437(v)s 6(alue;)k
3254 8061(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
3255 480 2252(some)m 1035(may)s 1495(yield)s 2025(zero)s 2483(or)s
3256 2735(se)s 6(v)k 3(eral)k 3451(strings,)s 4189(in)s
3257 4426(which)s 5062(case)s 5522(the)s 5864(condition)s 6819(is)s
3258 7023(true)s 7444(if)s 7654(it)s 7840(is)s 8044(true)s
3259 8465(of)s 8729(an)s 3(y)k 480 2012(of)m 751(the)s
3260 1099(strings)s 1787(indi)s 6(vidually)k 15(.)k 3026(P)s 3(arameters)k
3261 4134(are)s 4481(described)s 5455(belo)s 6(w)k 15(.)k
3262 480 1604(The)m 908(conditions)s 1956(are:)s gsave
3265 240 fnt31 0 -52(glob)m
3269 240 fnt83 0 -52(par)m 3(ameter)k
3274 240 fnt83 0 -52(glob-pattern)m
3279 960 1124(The)m 1388(v)s 6(alue)k 1956(of)s
3280 2227(the)s 2575(parameter)s 3589(whose)s 4257(name)s 4831(is)s
3281 5041(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5621(matches)s 6455(one)s
3282 6857(of)s 7128(the)s 7476(glob)s 7955(patterns)s 960 884(\(anchored)m
3283 1974(at)s 2206(both)s 2689(ends;)s 3240(backslashes)s 4420(can)s
3284 4809(be)s 5091(used)s 5588(to)s 5827(escape)s 6520(metacharacters\).)s
3285 0 52(0.61.3)m 4809(User)s 5320(service)s 6052(daemon)s 6867(and)s
3286 7271(client)s 7861(speci\207cation)s
3296 %%PageResources: font Times-Roman
3298 %%+ font Courier-Bold
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3301 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
3305 240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
3320 1417 -15423 translate
3321 240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 9066 14006 0 14006 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
3325 240 fnt84 8833 13842(13)m gsave
3328 240 fnt31 0 -52(range)m gsave
3332 0 -52(par)m 3(ameter)k
3337 240 fnt83 0 -52(min)m
3347 240 fnt82 960 13016(The)m 1380(v)s 6(alue)k
3348 1940(of)s 2203(the)s 2543(parameter)s 3548(is)s 3750(a)s
3349 3908(nonne)s 3(g)k 1(ati)k 6(v)k 3(e)k
3350 5113(inte)s 3(ger)k 5825(and)s 6220(lies)s 6594(within)s
3351 7254(the)s 7594(range)s 8172(speci\207ed.)s 240 fnt83 960 12778(min)m
3352 240 fnt82 1373 12776(or)m 240 fnt83 1632 12778(max)m 240 fnt82
3353 2091 12776(may)m 2557(be)s gsave
3354 2839 12830 translate
3359 3238(indicate)s 4050(no)s 4343(lo)s 6(wer)k 4941(or)s
3360 5200(upper)s 5805(limit,)s 6362(respecti)s 6(v)k 3(ely)k 15(.)k
3364 240 fnt31 0 -52(grep)m gsave
3367 240 fnt83 0 -52(par)m 3(ameter)k
3373 240 fnt83 0 -52(\207lename)m
3377 960 12295(The)m 240 fnt83 1388 12297(\207lename)m
3378 240 fnt82 2252 12295(refers)m 2845(to)s 3084(a)s 3250(\207le)s
3379 3611(one)s 4013(of)s 4284(whose)s 4952(lines)s 5454(is)s
3380 5664(the)s 6012(v)s 6(alue)k 6580(of)s 6851(the)s
3381 7199(parameter)s 8213(\(leading)s 960 12055(or)m 1211(trailing)s 1944(whitespace)s
3382 3053(on)s 3341(each)s 3827(line)s 4232(and)s 4627(empty)s
3383 5270(lines)s 5764(in)s 5998(the)s 6337(\207le)s 6689(are)s
3384 7027(ignored\).)s 7932(It)s 8128(is)s 8329(an)s 8603(error)s
3385 960 11815(for)m 1298(the)s 1646(\207le)s 2007(not)s 2373(to)s
3386 2612(be)s 2894(opened)s 3644(and)s 4048(read.)s gsave
3393 240 fnt83 0 -52(condition)m
3397 960 11334(The)m 240 fnt83
3398 1388 11336(condition)m 240 fnt82 2346 11334(is)m 240 fnt83 2556 11336(not)m
3399 240 fnt82 2926 11334(true.)m 600 11094(Conjunctions:)m gsave
3400 1983 11148 translate
3406 2547 11148 translate
3411 1440 10901 translate
3413 240 fnt31 0 -52(\()m
3417 240 fnt83 0 -52(condition)m
3422 240 fnt83 0 -52(condition)m
3428 240 fnt83 0 -52(condition)m
3430 0 -772(\202)m 0 -1012(\))m
3433 960 9635(is)m 1170(true)s 1597(if)s 1814(all)s 2107(the)s
3434 2455(listed)s 3030(conditions)s 4078(are)s 4425(true;)s 4908(where)s
3440 5708(is)s 5918(used)s 6415(it)s
3441 6607(is)s 6817(true)s 7244(if)s 7461(an)s 3(y)k
3442 7858(of)s 8129(them)s 8667(is)s 960 9390(true.)m 1428(Ne)s 6(wlines)k
3443 2368(must)s 2885(be)s 3159(used)s 3648(to)s 3879(separate)s
3444 4709(one)s 5104(condition)s 6057(from)s 6573(the)s 6913(ne)s 3(xt,)k
3445 7421(as)s 7663(sho)s 6(wn,)k 8382(and)s 8778(the)s
3446 960 9150(parentheses)m 2126(are)s 2473(mandatory)s 15(.)k 3585(These)s
3447 4212(conjunctions)s 5486(do)s 5779(not)s 6145(do)s 6438(lazy)s
3448 6890(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluation.)k 480 8588(The)m 908(parameters)s
3452 240 fnt31 0 -52(service)m
3454 960 8108(The)m 1388(service)s
3455 2120(name)s 2694(speci\207ed)s 3602(when)s 4178(the)s 4526(client)s
3456 5116(w)s 2(as)k 5537(called.)s gsave
3459 240 fnt31 0 -52(calling\211user)m
3462 960 7628(T)m 19(w)k 2(o)k 1431(strings:)s 2174(the)s
3463 2522(login)s 3071(name)s 3645(of)s 3916(the)s 4264(calling)s
3464 4967(user)s 5425(\(determined)s 6637(as)s 6887(for)s gsave
3470 8226(,)s 8333(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e\))k
3471 960 7388(and)m 1364(the)s 1712(calling)s 2415(uid)s 2779(\(represented)s
3472 4017(in)s 4260(decimal\).)s gsave
3475 240 fnt31 0 -52(calling\211group)m
3477 960 6908(Se)m 6(v)k 3(eral)k
3478 1722(strings:)s 2465(the)s 2813(primary)s 3623(and)s 4027(supplementary)s
3479 5489(group)s 6101(names)s 6763(and)s 7167(gids)s 7617(\(in)s
3480 7939(decimal\))s 960 6668(of)m 1231(the)s 1579(calling)s 2282(process.)s
3481 3103(All)s 3463(the)s 3811(group)s 4423(names)s 5085(come)s
3482 5659(\207rst,)s 6137(and)s 6541(then)s 7010(the)s 7358(gids.)s
3483 7861(If)s 8091(the)s 8439(\207rst)s 960 6428(supplementary)m 2422(group)s
3484 3034(is)s 3244(the)s 3592(same)s 4139(as)s 4389(the)s
3485 4737(primary)s 5547(group)s 6159(then)s 6628(it)s 6820(is)s
3486 7030(elided.)s gsave
3489 240 fnt31 0 -52(calling\211user\211shell)m
3491 960 5948(The)m 1388(calling)s
3492 2091(user')s 13(s)k 2699(shell,)s 3257(as)s 3507(listed)s
3493 4082(in)s 4325(the)s 4673(passw)s 2(ord)k 5633(entry)s
3494 6178(for)s 6516(the)s 6864(calling)s 7567(login)s 8116(name)s
3495 8690(\(as)s 960 5708(determined)m 2093(for)s gsave
3498 240 fnt31 0 -52(USERV_USER)m
3501 3432(,)s 3539(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e\).)k gsave
3505 0 -52(service\211user)m
3507 960 5228(T)m 19(w)k 2(o)k 1431(strings:)s
3508 2174(the)s 2522(name)s 3096(of)s 3367(the)s 3715(service)s
3509 4447(user)s 4905(\(as)s 5234(speci\207ed)s 6142(to)s 6381(the)s
3510 6729(client\))s 7387(and)s 7791(their)s 8288(uid)s 960 4988(\(represented)m
3511 2198(in)s 2441(decimal\).)s gsave
3514 240 fnt31 0 -52(service\211group)m
3516 960 4508(Se)m 6(v)k 3(eral)k
3517 1722(strings:)s 2465(the)s 2813(primary)s 3623(and)s 4027(supplementary)s
3518 5489(group)s 6101(names)s 6763(and)s 7167(gids)s 7617(\(in)s
3519 7939(decimal\))s 8823(of)s 960 4268(the)m 1308(service)s 2040(user)s 13(.)k
3523 240 fnt31 0 -52(service\211user\211shell)m
3525 960 3788(The)m 1388(service)s 2120(user')s 13(s)k
3526 2728(shell,)s 3286(as)s 3536(listed)s 4111(in)s 4354(their)s
3527 4851(passw)s 2(ord)k 5811(entry)s 15(.)k gsave
3534 240 fnt83 0 -52(name)m
3538 960 3308(The)m 1388(v)s 6(alue)k
3539 1956(of)s 2227(the)s 2575(user)s 4(-de\207ned)k 3811(v)s 6(ariable)k
3540 240 fnt83 4630 3310(name)m 240 fnt82 5202 3308(passed)m 5898(by)s
3541 6192(the)s 6540(caller)s 7129(using)s 7701(the)s gsave
3545 0 -52(\211\211defvar)m
3547 960 3068(command-line)m 2397(option)s 3066(to)s 3305(the)s
3548 3653(client.)s 4287(If)s 4517(the)s 4865(v)s 6(ariable)k
3549 5684(w)s 2(as)k 6105(not)s 6471(de\207ned)s 7234(then)s
3550 7703(this)s 8099(parameter)s 960 2828(is)m 1170(an)s 1453(empty)s
3551 2105(list)s 2456(of)s 2727(strings;)s 3476(in)s 3719(this)s
3552 4115(case)s 4582(an)s 3(y)k 4979(condition)s 5940(which)s
3553 6582(tests)s 7057(it)s 7249(will)s 7675(be)s 7957(f)s 2(alse,)k
3557 240 fnt31 0 -52(include\211lookup)m
3559 2421 2588(on)m 2718(it)s
3560 2910(will)s 3336(read)s 3805(the)s gsave
3563 240 fnt31 0 -52(:none)m
3566 4713(\207le,)s 5125(or)s gsave
3569 240 fnt31 0 -52(:default)m
3575 240 fnt31 0 -52(:none)m
3577 7022(is)s 7232(not)s 7598(found.)s
3581 240 fnt31 0 -52(errors\211push)m
3583 240 fnt83 1281 2167(\207lename)m gsave
3589 240 fnt82 480 1685(Stacks)m 1155(the)s 1503(error)s
3590 2026(handling)s 2917(beha)s 4(viour)k 3930(currently)s 4846(in)s
3591 5089(ef)s 6(fect.)k 5729(An)s 3(y)k 6193(changes)s
3592 7015(to)s 7254(error)s 7777(handling)s 8668(will)s 480 1445(tak)m 2(e)k
3593 932(ef)s 6(fect)k 1528(only)s 2008(between)s gsave
3597 0 -52(errors\211push)m
3602 240 fnt31 0 -52(srorre)m
3608 240 fnt31 0 -52(catch\211quit)m
3613 240 fnt31 0 -52(hctac)m
3616 511(service)s 1243(daemon)s 2058(and)s 2462(client)s 3052(speci\207cation)s
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3632 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
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3651 1417 -15423 translate
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3656 240 fnt84 0 13842(14)m 240 fnt82 480 13254(An)m 3(y)k
3657 935(use)s 1301(of)s gsave
3658 1563 13308 translate
3660 240 fnt31 0 -52(quit)m
3664 2631 13308 translate
3666 240 fnt31 0 -52(catch\211quit)m
3668 3683(will)s 4100(merely)s 4807(cause)s
3669 5385(the)s 5724(parsing)s 6472(to)s 6701(continue)s 7572(at)s
3671 7795 13308 translate
3673 240 fnt31 0 -52(hctac)m
3675 8345(instead.)s 480 13014(An)m 3(y)k
3676 944(control)s 1676(constructs)s 2696(started)s 3390(since)s 3937(the)s
3678 4285 13068 translate
3680 240 fnt31 0 -52(catch\211quit)m
3682 5346(will)s 5772(be)s 6054(considered)s
3683 7148(\207nished)s 7964(if)s 8181(a)s gsave
3684 8347 13068 translate
3686 240 fnt31 0 -52(quit)m
3689 480 12774(is)m 690(found.)s 480 12366(If)m 710(an)s 993(error)s
3690 1516(occurs)s 2191(inside)s gsave
3691 2818 12420 translate
3693 240 fnt31 0 -52(catch\211quit)m
3696 4227(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecution)k 5208(settings)s 5989(will)s
3697 6415(be)s 6697(reset)s 7207(\(as)s 7536(if)s 7753(by)s
3699 8395 12420 translate
3701 240 fnt31 0 -52(reset)m
3703 480 12126(directi)m 6(v)k 3(e\))k
3704 1434(and)s 1838(parsing)s 2595(will)s 3021(lik)s 2(e)k 6(wise)k
3705 3865(continue)s 4745(at)s gsave
3706 4977 12180 translate
3708 240 fnt31 0 -52(hctac)m
3711 480 11718(If)m 705(a)s 865(le)s 3(xical)k 1548(or)s
3712 1801(syntax)s 2476(error)s 2993(is)s 3198(detected)s 4046(in)s
3713 4283(the)s 4626(same)s 5167(con\207guration)s 6495(\207le)s 6850(as)s
3715 7437 11772 translate
3717 240 fnt31 0 -52(catch\211quit)m
3719 8438(,)s 8539(while)s
3720 480 11478(looking)m 1265(for)s 1603(the)s gsave
3721 1951 11532 translate
3723 240 fnt31 0 -52(hctac)m
3726 2511(after)s 3007(an)s 3290(error)s 3813(or)s gsave
3727 4072 11532 translate
3732 4472(,)s 4579(that)s 4997(ne)s 6(w)k
3733 5444(error)s 5967(will)s 6393(not)s 6759(be)s 7041(caught.)s
3734 300 fnt84 0 10811(4.2.4.)m 813(Dir)s 5(ecti)k 3(v)k 3(es)k
3735 2148(f)s 7(or)k 2595(changing)s 3829(execution)s 5112(settings)s
3736 240 fnt82 0 10240(The)m 419(follo)s 6(wing)k 1386(directi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k
3737 2346(modify)s 3082(the)s 3420(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecution)k
3738 4391(settings;)s 5223(the)s 5562(serv)s 3(er)k 6192(will)s
3739 6608(remember)s 7627(the)s 7965(f)s 2(act)k 8370(that)s
3740 8778(the)s 0 9999(directi)m 6(v)k 3(e)k 881(w)s 2(as)k
3741 1300(encountered)s 2525(and)s 2927(act)s 3263(on)s 3559(it)s
3742 3749(only)s 4227(after)s 4721(all)s 5012(the)s 5359(con\207guration)s
3743 6690(has)s 7058(been)s 7565(parsed.)s 8291(The)s 240 fnt83
3744 8717 10001(last)m 240 fnt82 0 9759(directi)m 6(v)k 3(e)k
3745 882(which)s 1524(modi\207es)s 2399(an)s 3(y)k 2796(particuar)s
3746 3704(setting)s 4394(will)s 4820(tak)s 2(e)k 5272(ef)s 6(fect.)k
3750 240 fnt31 0 -52(reject)m
3752 480 9111(Reject)m 1150(the)s 1498(request.)s
3756 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute)m
3761 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211directory)m
3767 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211path)m
3769 7527(will)s 7953(change)s
3770 480 8871(this)m 876(setting.)s gsave
3773 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute)m gsave
3777 0 -52(pr)m 10(o)k 2(gr)k 3(am)k
3783 240 fnt83 0 -52(ar)m 8(gument)k
3787 480 8237(Ex)m 3(ecute)k
3788 1300(the)s 1645(program)s 240 fnt83 2512 8239(pr)m 10(o)k 2(gr)k 3(am)k
3789 240 fnt82 3332 8237(,)m 3436(with)s 3915(the)s 4259(ar)s 4(guments)k
3790 5299(as)s 5546(speci\207ed,)s 6500(follo)s 6(wed)k 7399(by)s
3791 7690(an)s 3(y)k 8083(ar)s 4(guments)k 480 7997(gi)m 6(v)k 3(en)k
3792 1052(to)s 1282(the)s 1621(client)s 2203(if)s gsave
3796 0 -52(no\211suppress\211args)m
3798 4064(is)s 4266(in)s 4500(ef)s 6(fect.)k
3799 5131(It)s 5328(is)s 5529(an)s 5803(error)s 6318(for)s
3800 6647(the)s 6986(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecution)k 7959(to)s
3801 8189(f)s 2(ail)k 8550(when)s 480 7757(it)m 672(is)s
3802 882(attempted)s 1882(\(after)s 2457(all)s 2750(the)s 3098(con\207guration)s
3803 4431(has)s 4801(been)s 5310(parsed\).)s 6117(If)s 240 fnt83
3804 6347 7759(pr)m 10(o)k 2(gr)k 3(am)k 240 fnt82
3805 7227 7757(does)m 7717(not)s 8083(contain)s 8844(a)s 480 7517(slash)m
3806 1015(it)s 1207(will)s 1633(be)s 1915(searched)s 2809(for)s
3807 3147(on)s 3444(the)s 3792(service)s 4524(user')s 13(s)k
3811 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211directory)m gsave
3814 240 fnt83 0 -52(pathname)m
3820 240 fnt83 0 -52(ar)m 8(gument)k
3825 480 6883(T)m 19(ak)k 2(e)k 993(all)s 1286(the)s
3826 1634(characters)s 2652(after)s 3148(the)s 3496(last)s 3887(slash)s
3827 4422(of)s 4693(the)s 5041(service)s 5773(name)s 6347(speci\207ed)s
3828 7255(when)s 7831(the)s 8179(client)s 480 6642(w)m 2(as)k
3829 901(called,)s 1578(and)s 1982(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecute)k
3830 2762(that)s 3180(program)s 4050(in)s 4293(the)s 4641(directory)s
3831 5557(named)s 6253(by)s 240 fnt83 6547 6644(pathname)m 240 fnt82
3832 7545 6642(as)m 7795(if)s 8012(it)s 8204(had)s 8608(been)s
3833 480 6402(speci\207ed)m 1388(for)s 240 fnt83 1726 6404(e)m 4(xecute)k
3834 240 fnt82 2431 6402(.)m 2535(The)s 2963(part)s 3394(of)s
3835 3665(the)s 4013(service)s 4745(name)s 5319(used)s 5816(may)s
3836 6282(contain)s 7043(only)s 7523(alphanumerics)s 480 6162(and)m 884(h)s 1(yphens)k
3837 1732(and)s 2136(must)s 2660(start)s 3130(with)s 3611(an)s
3838 3894(alphanumeric)s 5247(\(and)s 5730(it)s 5921(must)s 6446(be)s
3839 6727(non-empty\),)s 7950(otherwise)s 8934(it)s 480 5922(is)m 690(an)s
3840 973(error)s 13(.)k 480 5514(This)m 956(directi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
3841 1838(is)s 2048(ignored)s 2837(if)s 3054(the)s 3402(rele)s 6(v)k 6(ant)k
3842 4219(program)s 5089(does)s 5579(not)s 5945(e)s 3(xist)k
3843 6453(in)s 6696(the)s 7044(directory)s 7960(speci\207ed;)s 480 5274(in)m
3844 723(this)s 1119(case)s 1586(the)s 1934(program)s 2804(to)s
3845 3043(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecute)k 3823(is)s 4033(left)s
3846 4410(at)s 4642(its)s 4918(pre)s 6(vious)k 5787(setting)s
3847 6477(\(or)s 6815(unset,)s 7427(if)s 7644(it)s 7836(w)s 2(as)k
3848 8257(not)s 480 5034(set)m 805(before\).)s 480 4626(It)m 672(is)s
3849 869(an)s 1139(error)s 1649(for)s 1974(the)s 2309(test)s
3850 2687(for)s 3012(the)s 3347(e)s 3(xistence)k 4276(of)s
3851 4533(the)s 4868(program)s 5725(to)s 5951(f)s 2(ail)k
3852 6308(other)s 6846(than)s 7302(with)s 7771(a)s 7924(`no)s
3853 8283(such)s 8765(\207le)s 480 4386(or)m 729(directory')s 1693(indication.)s
3854 2743(It)s 2938(is)s 3138(also)s 3566(an)s 3839(error)s
3855 4352(for)s 4680(the)s 5018(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecution)k
3856 5989(to)s 6218(f)s 2(ail)k 6578(if)s 6785(and)s
3857 7179(when)s 7745(it)s 7927(is)s 8126(attempted)s 480 4146(\(after)m
3858 1055(all)s 1348(the)s 1696(con\207guration)s 3029(has)s 3399(been)s
3859 3908(parsed\).)s gsave
3862 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211path)m
3864 240 fnt83 480 3514(service)m
3865 240 fnt82 1202 3512(is)m 1404(interpreted)s 2488(as)s 2731(a)s
3866 2889(program)s 3751(on)s 4041(the)s 4381(def)s 2(ault)k
3870 240 fnt31 0 -52(PATH)m
3872 5546(\(or)s 5877(as)s 6119(a)s
3873 6277(pathname)s 7256(of)s 7519(an)s 7794(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecutable,)k
3874 8909(if)s 480 3271(it)m 660(contains)s 1495(a)s gsave
3880 1749(\).)s 1919(This)s 2383(directi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
3881 3252(is)s 240 fnt83 3450 3273(very)m 3904(dang)s 2(er)k 10(ous)k
3882 240 fnt82 4899 3271(,)m 4994(and)s 5385(is)s 5583(only)s
3883 6050(pro)s 3(vided)k 6944(to)s 7170(mak)s 2(e)k
3887 240 fnt31 0 -52(\211\211override)m
3889 480 3031(options)m 1230(ef)s 6(fecti)k 6(v)k 3(e.)k
3890 2146(It)s 2344(should)s 3034(not)s 3393(normally)s 4304(be)s
3891 4579(used.)s 5115(It)s 5313(is)s 5516(an)s 5792(error)s
3892 6309(for)s 6640(the)s 6981(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecution)k
3893 7955(to)s 8187(f)s 2(ail)k 8550(when)s 480 2791(it)m
3894 672(is)s 882(attempted)s 1882(\(after)s 2457(all)s 2750(the)s
3895 3098(con\207guration)s 4431(has)s 4801(been)s 5310(parsed\).)s gsave
3899 0 -52(execute\211builtin)m gsave
3902 240 fnt83 0 -52(service-name)m
3907 240 fnt83 0 -52(service-ar)m 8(guments)k
3912 480 2157(Ex)m 3(ecutes)k 1388(the)s 1732(b)s 4(uiltin)k
3913 2405(service)s 240 fnt83 3133 2159(service-name)m 240 fnt82 4400 2157(.)m
3914 4500(These)s 5123(b)s 4(uiltin)k 5796(services)s 6612(display)s
3915 7353(information)s 8534(about)s 480 1917(the)m 822(serv)s 3(er)k
3916 1455(and/or)s 2120(the)s 2461(request,)s 3252(and)s 3649(ignore)s
3917 4310(an)s 3(y)k 4700(ar)s 4(guments)k 5737(passed)s
3918 6426(from)s 6944(the)s 7285(service)s 8011(side)s 8445(e)s 3(xcept)k
3919 480 1677(possibly)m 1320(to)s 1547(print)s 2046(them)s 2572(as)s
3920 2810(part)s 3228(of)s 3487(their)s 3972(output.)s 4676(The)s 3(y)k
3921 5207(write)s 5740(their)s 6225(results)s 6887(to)s 7114(their)s
3922 7599(standard)s 8454(output)s 480 1437(\(i.e.,)m 958(where)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
3923 1898(\207le)s 2259(descriptor)s 3274(1)s 3429(is)s 3639(directed\).)s
3924 4591(The)s 5019(b)s 4(uiltin)k 5696(services)s 6516(are:)s
3928 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute)m
3930 960 957(Displays)m 1848(the)s 2196(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecution)k
3931 3177(settings,)s 4014(de\207ned)s 4777(v)s 6(ariables,)k 5740(ar)s 4(guments,)k
3932 6839(etc.)s 7221(with)s 7703(which)s 8345(the)s 960 717(b)m 4(uiltin)k
3933 1637(service)s 2369(w)s 2(as)k 2790(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k
3934 0 52(0.61.3)m 4809(User)s 5320(service)s 6052(daemon)s 6867(and)s
3935 7271(client)s 7861(speci\207cation)s
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3974 240 fnt84 8833 13842(15)m gsave
3977 240 fnt31 0 -52(environment)m
3980 960 13016(Dis)m 1283(plays)s 1839(the)s 2187(en)s 2410(vi)s
3981 2590(ron)s 2906(ment)s 3444(v)s 6(ari)k 3803(able)s
3982 4257(set)s 4522(tings)s 5038(with)s 5520(which)s 6162(the)s
3983 6510(b)s 4(uiltin)k 7187(ser)s 7465(vice)s 7919(w)s 2(as)k
3984 960 12776(in)m 1143(v)s 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k gsave
3988 0 -52(parameter)m gsave
3991 240 fnt83 0 -52(par)m 3(ameter)k
3995 960 12296(Displays)m
3996 1848(the)s 2196(v)s 6(alues)k 2852(of)s 3123(the)s
3997 3471(service)s 4203(con\207guration)s 5536(language)s 6456(parameter)s 7470(speci\207ed.)s
4001 240 fnt31 0 -52(version)m
4003 960 11816(Displays)m 1848(the)s 2196(v)s 3(ersion)k
4004 2954(string)s 3551(and)s 3955(compilation)s 5154(details)s 5828(of)s
4005 6099(the)s 6447(uservd)s 7143(serv)s 3(er)k 7783(program.)s
4009 240 fnt31 0 -52(reset)m
4011 960 11336(Dis)m 1283(plays)s 1838(the)s
4012 2184(de)s 2406(f)s 2(ault)k 2899(re)s 3080(set)s
4013 3403(con)s 3746(\207g)s 3992(u)s 4107(ra)s 4292(tion)s
4014 4719(\(e)s 6(v)k 6(al)k 5179(u)s 5294(at)s
4015 5466(ed)s 5748(when)s gsave
4016 6323 11390 translate
4018 240 fnt31 0 -52(reset)m
4021 7089(found)s 7704(in)s 7945(a)s 8109(con)s 8452(\207g)s
4022 8698(u)s 8813(ra)s 8998(-)s 960 11096(tion)m 1389(\207le,)s
4023 1801(or)s 2060(when)s 2636(an)s 2919(er)s 3104(ror)s
4024 3442(is)s 3652(caught)s 4350(by)s gsave
4025 4644 11150 translate
4027 240 fnt31 0 -52(catch\211quit)m
4033 240 fnt31 0 -52(toplevel)m
4035 960 10616(Displays)m 1848(the)s
4036 2196(top-le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 3091(def)s 2(ault)k
4037 3812(con\207guration)s 5145(\(the)s 5572(con\207guration)s 6905(data,)s 7410(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated)k
4038 8372(by)s 8666(the)s 960 10376(serv)m 3(er)k 9(,)k
4039 1638(which)s 2280(calls)s 2768(all)s 3061(the)s 3409(other)s
4040 3960(con\207guration)s 5293(\207les\).)s gsave
4043 240 fnt31 0 -52(override)m
4046 1847(the)s 2194(top-le)s 6(v)k 3(el)k 3088(o)s 3(v)k 3(erride)k
4047 3932(con\207guration)s 5264(\(the)s 5690(con\207guration)s 7021(data,)s 7525(e)s 6(v)k 6(aluated)k
4048 8486(by)s 8778(the)s 960 9656(serv)m 3(er)k 9(,)k
4049 1638(which)s 2280(causes)s 2955(all)s 3248(the)s 3596(other)s
4050 4147(con\207guration)s 5480(data)s 5938(to)s 6177(be)s 6459(parsed\).)s
4054 240 fnt31 0 -52(help)m
4056 960 9176(Displays)m 1848(a)s 2014(list)s
4057 2365(of)s 2636(the)s 2984(understood)s 4106(b)s 4(uiltin)k
4058 4783(service)s 5515(names)s 6177(and)s 6581(ar)s 4(guments.)k
4059 480 8913(In)m 736(the)s 1084(fu)s 1278(ture)s 1705(oth)s
4060 2008(er)s 2253(b)s 4(uiltin)k 2930(ser)s 3208(vices)s
4061 3750(may)s 4216(be)s 4498(de)s 4720(\207ned)s 5257(which)s
4062 5899(do)s 6192(more)s 6739(than)s 7208(just)s 7613(print)s
4063 8124(in)s 8307(for)s 8585(-)s 480 8673(ma)m 772(tion.)s
4067 240 fnt31 0 -52(set\211environment)m
4072 240 fnt31 0 -52(no\211set\211environment)m
4078 240 fnt31 0 -52(/etc/environment)m
4080 2686(to)s 2925(set)s 3250(the)s
4081 3598(service)s 4330(user')s 13(s)k 4938(en)s 9(vironment.)k
4082 6242(This)s 6718(adds)s 7208(the)s 7556(o)s 3(v)k 3(erhead)k
4083 8485(of)s 480 7609(in)m 9(v)k 4(oking)k 1372(a)s
4084 1538(shell,)s 2096(b)s 4(ut)k 2458(doesn')s 4(t)k
4085 3218(cause)s 3805(an)s 3(y)k 4202(shell)s 4708(\(de\)mangling)s
4086 6049(of)s 6320(the)s 6668(service')s 13(s)k 7554(ar)s 4(guments.)k
4087 8650(This)s 480 7369(is)m 690(achie)s 6(v)k 3(ed)k
4088 1589(by)s 1883(in)s 9(v)k 4(oking)k gsave
4092 0 -52(.../program)m 1728(arg)s 2304(arg)s 2880(arg)s 3456(\202)s
4098 240 fnt31 0 -52(/bin/sh)m 1152(\211c)s 1584('.)s
4099 2016(/etc/environment;)s 4608(exec)s 5328("$@"')s 6192(\211)s 6480(.../program)s
4100 8208(arg)s 8784(arg)s 9360(arg)s 9936(\202)s
4106 0 -52(no\211set\211environment)m
4108 2342 6454(cancels)m 3096(the)s 3444(ef)s 6(fect)k
4112 240 fnt31 0 -52(set\211environment)m
4118 0 -52(no\211suppress\211args)m
4123 240 fnt31 0 -52(suppress\211args)m
4125 480 5630(Include)m 1253(an)s 3(y)k
4126 1650(ar)s 4(guments)k 2693(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
4127 3273(to)s 3512(the)s 3860(client)s 4450(as)s 4700(ar)s 4(guments)k
4128 5743(to)s 5982(the)s 6330(program)s 7200(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k
4129 8015(as)s 8265(a)s 8431(result)s 480 5390(of)m 749(an)s
4133 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute)m
4138 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211directory)m
4144 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211path)m
4146 6110(directi)s 6(v)k 3(e.)k
4150 240 fnt31 0 -52(suppress\211args)m
4152 8396(undoes)s 480 5150(the)m 828(ef)s 6(fect)k
4156 240 fnt31 0 -52(no\211suppress\211args)m
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4165 240 fnt83 0 -52(fd-r)m 3(ang)k 2(e)k
4170 480 4530(In)m 676(sist)s 1054(that)s 1472(the)s
4171 1820(\207ledescrip)s 2808(tor\(s\))s 3373(be)s 3655(opened)s 4405(for)s
4172 4743(read)s 5152(ing)s 5511(resp.)s 6013(writ)s 6397(ing.)s
4173 6807(It)s 7012(is)s 7222(an)s 7505(er)s 7690(ror)s
4174 8028(if)s 8245(an)s 3(y)k 8642(de)s 8864(-)s
4175 480 4290(scrip)m 937(tor)s 1258(mark)s 2(ed)k 2027(as)s
4176 2272(re)s 2453(quired)s 3118(when)s 3689(the)s 4033(ser)s
4177 4311(vice)s 4760(is)s 4966(about)s 5554(to)s 5788(be)s
4178 6066(in)s 6249(v)s 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 6882(\(af)s
4179 7158(ter)s 7465(the)s 7808(con)s 8151(\207g)s 8397(u)s
4180 8512(ra)s 8697(tion)s 480 4050(has)m 850(been)s 1359(parsed\))s
4181 2111(w)s 2(as)k 2532(not)s 2898(spec)s 3316(i)s
4182 3376(\207ed)s 3793(when)s 4369(the)s 4717(client)s 5307(w)s 2(as)k
4183 5728(in)s 5911(v)s 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k 6595(Each)s
4184 7130(\207le)s 7491(de)s 7713(scrip)s 8170(tor)s 8495(has)s
4185 480 3810(a)m 646(sep)s 958(a)s 1064(rate)s 1477(set)s
4186 1742(ting,)s 2221(and)s 2625(the)s 2973(last)s 3364(one)s
4190 240 fnt31 0 -52(require\211fd)m
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4212 240 fnt31 0 -52(reject\211fd)m
4215 480 3570(which)m 1122(af)s 1319(fect)s 1676(ed)s 1960(a)s
4216 2126(par)s 2431(tic)s 2662(u)s 2777(lar)s 3088(\207le)s
4217 3449(de)s 3671(scrip)s 4128(tor)s 4453(will)s 4879(tak)s 2(e)k
4218 5331(ef)s 5528(fect.)s 240 fnt83 480 3164(fd-r)m 3(ang)k 2(e)k
4219 240 fnt82 1352 3162(may)m 1818(be)s 2100(a)s 2266(single)s
4220 2893(number)s 9(,)k 3722(tw)s 2(o)k 4132(numbers)s
4221 5007(separated)s 5967(by)s 6261(a)s 6427(h)s 1(yphen,)k
4222 7239(or)s 7498(one)s 7900(number)s 480 2922(follo)m 6(wed)k
4223 1382(by)s 1676(a)s 1842(h)s 1(yphen)k 2604(\(indicating)s
4224 3692(all)s 3985(descriptors)s 5084(from)s 5608(that)s 6026(number)s
4225 6817(onw)s 2(ards\).)k 7809(It)s 8014(may)s 8480(also)s
4226 480 2682(be)m 760(one)s 1159(of)s 1428(the)s 1773(w)s 2(ords)k
4230 240 fnt31 0 -52(stdin)m
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4241 240 fnt31 0 -52(stderr)m
4243 4523(.)s 4625(Open-ended)s
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4254 240 fnt31 0 -52(ignore\211fd)m
4256 3708(,)s 3815(as)s 4065(otherwise)s
4257 5050(the)s 5398(service)s 6130(program)s 7000(w)s 2(ould)k
4258 7655(\207nd)s 8086(itself)s 8634(with)s 480 2202(a)m 646(v)s 3(ery)k
4259 1122(lar)s 4(ge)k 1651(number)s 2442(of)s 2713(\207le)s
4260 3074(descriptors)s 4173(open.)s 480 1794(When)m 1109(the)s 1457(con\207guration)s
4261 2790(has)s 3160(been)s 3669(parsed,)s 4400(and)s 4804(before)s
4262 5470(the)s 5818(service)s 6550(is)s 6760(about)s 7352(to)s
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4280 4348(child)s 4878(process)s 5641(if)s 5853(it)s 6040(cannot)s
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4367 240 fnt31 0 -52(read)m
4370 7435 12825 translate
4372 240 fnt31 0 -52(write)m
4375 7995(or)s 8254(neither)s 480 12531(w)m 2(as)k 901(speci\207ed\).)s
4379 240 fnt31 0 -52(null\211fd)m gsave
4382 240 fnt83 0 -52(fd-r)m 3(ang)k 2(e)k
4387 480 11892(Spec)m 938(i)s 998(fy)s 1251(that)s
4388 1669(the)s 2017(de)s 2239(scrip)s 2696(tor\(s\))s 3261(be)s
4389 3543(opened)s 4293(onto)s gsave
4390 4772 11946 translate
4392 240 fnt31 0 -52(/dev/null)m
4395 6071(read)s 6480(ing)s 6839(resp.)s 7341(writ)s 7725(ing,)s
4396 8138(or)s 8397(both)s 8880(if)s 480 11652(nei)m 766(ther)s
4398 1181 11706 translate
4400 240 fnt31 0 -52(read)m
4403 1986 11706 translate
4405 240 fnt31 0 -52(write)m
4408 2529(is)s 2722(spec)s 3140(i)s 3200(\207ed.)s 3646(An)s 3(y)k
4409 4093(spec)s 4511(i)s 4571(\207)s 4696(ca)s 4908(tion)s
4410 5320(of)s 5574(these)s 6104(\207le)s 6448(de)s 6670(scrip)s
4411 7127(tors)s 7519(by)s 7796(the)s 8127(client)s 8700(will)s
4412 480 11412(be)m 762(silent)s 1279(ly)s 1519(ig)s 1698(nored;)s
4413 2355(the)s 2703(client)s 3293(will)s 3719(see)s 4080(its)s
4414 4356(ends)s 4846(of)s 5117(the)s 5465(de)s 5687(scrip)s
4415 6144(tors)s 6553(be)s 6775(ing)s 7134(closed)s 7803(im)s
4416 8055(me)s 8343(di)s 8523(ate)s 8797(ly)s 15(.)k
4420 240 fnt31 0 -52(reject\211fd)m gsave
4423 240 fnt83 0 -52(fd-r)m 3(ang)k 2(e)k
4428 480 10778(Do)m 824(not)s 1187(allo)s 6(w)k 1764(the)s
4429 2109(descriptor\(s\))s 3362(to)s 3598(be)s 3878(speci\207ed)s 4783(by)s
4430 5075(the)s 5420(client.)s 6052(It)s 6254(is)s 6462(an)s
4431 6742(error)s 7263(if)s 7477(an)s 3(y)k 7871(descriptor\(s\))s
4432 480 10538(mark)m 2(ed)k 1253(for)s 1591(rejection)s 2483(are)s
4433 2830(speci\207ed)s 3738(when)s 4314(the)s 4662(service)s 5394(is)s
4434 5604(about)s 6196(to)s 6435(be)s 6717(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k
4435 7532(\(after)s 8107(the)s 480 10298(con\207guration)m 1813(has)s 2183(been)s
4436 2692(parsed\).)s gsave
4439 240 fnt31 0 -52(ignore\211fd)m gsave
4442 240 fnt83 0 -52(fd-r)m 3(ang)k 2(e)k
4447 480 9664(Silent)m 1037(ly)s 1260(ig)s 1439(nore)s 1902(an)s 3(y)k
4448 2281(spec)s 2699(i)s 2759(\207)s 2884(ca)s 3096(tion)s
4449 3507(by)s 3783(the)s 4113(client)s 4685(of)s 4938(those)s
4450 5481(de)s 5703(scrip)s 6160(tor\(s\).)s 6762(The)s 7172(pipes)s
4451 7710(cor)s 8015(re)s 8196(spond)s 8767(ing)s 480 9424(to)m
4452 719(these)s 1266(de)s 1488(scrip)s 1945(tors)s 2354(will)s
4453 2780(be)s 3062(closed)s 3731(just)s 4136(be)s 4358(fore)s
4454 4798(the)s 5146(ser)s 5424(vice)s 5878(is)s 6088(in)s
4455 6271(v)s 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k gsave
4458 240 fnt31 0 -52(disconnect\211hup)m
4464 240 fnt31 0 -52(no\211disconnect\211hup)m
4466 480 8550(Causes)m 1209(the)s 1557(service')s 13(s)k
4467 2443(process)s 3211(group)s 3823(to)s 4062(get)s 4414(a)s
4471 240 fnt31 0 -52(SIGHUP)m
4473 5240(if)s 5457(the)s 5805(client)s
4474 6395(disconnects)s 7562(before)s 8228(the)s 8576(main)s 480 8310(service)m
4475 1212(process)s 1980(terminates.)s gsave
4478 240 fnt31 0 -52(no\211disconnect\211hup)m
4484 240 fnt31 0 -52(disconnect\211hup)m
4486 6995(.)s 480 7902(If)m 700(one)s
4487 1091(of)s 1352(the)s 1689(reading)s 2449(descriptors)s 3537(speci\207ed)s
4488 4435(when)s 5000(the)s 5337(client)s 5917(is)s 6116(called)s
4489 6734(gets)s 7159(a)s 7315(read)s 7773(error)s 9(,)k
4490 8324(or)s 8572(if)s 8778(the)s 480 7661(service)m 1212(is)s
4491 1422(disconnected)s 2729(for)s 3067(some)s 3628(other)s 4179(reason,)s
4492 4910(then)s 5379(the)s gsave
4495 240 fnt31 0 -52(SIGHUP)m
4498 6813(be)s 7095(deli)s 6(v)k 3(ered)k 240 fnt83
4499 8033 7663(befor)m 8(e)k 240 fnt82 8689 7661(the)m 480 7421(writing)m
4500 1223(end\(s\))s 1869(of)s 2140(the)s 2488(service')s 13(s)k
4501 3374(reading)s 4144(pipe\(s\))s 4856(are)s 5203(closed,)s 5921(so)s
4502 6187(that)s 6605(the)s 6953(client)s 7543(can)s 7932(distinguish)s
4503 480 7181(disconnection)m 1866(from)s 2390(reading)s 3160(EOF)s 3670(on)s
4504 3967(a)s 4133(pipe.)s gsave
4507 240 fnt31 0 -52(reset)m
4510 1155(the)s 1503(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecution)k 2484(settings)s
4511 3265(to)s 3504(the)s 3852(def)s 2(ault.)k 4617(This)s
4512 5093(is)s 5303(equi)s 6(v)k 6(alent)k 6347(to:)s
4516 240 fnt31 0 -52(cd)m 432(~/)s 0 -292(reject)m 0 -532(no\211set\211environment)m
4517 0 -772(suppress\211args)m 0 -1012(allow\211fd)m 1296(0)s 1584(read)s 0 -1252(allow\211fd)m
4518 1296(1\2112)s 1872(write)s 0 -1492(reject\211fd)m 1440(3\211)s 0 -1732(disconnect\211hup)m
4521 0 4085(If)m 230(no)s gsave
4524 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute)m
4530 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211path)m
4535 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211directory)m
4541 240 fnt31 0 -52(builtin)m
4543 6420(is)s 6630(interpreted)s
4544 7722(before)s 8388(all)s 8681(the)s 0 3845(\207les)m 449(are)s
4545 796(read)s 1265(then)s 1734(the)s 2082(request)s 2832(is)s
4546 3042(rejected.)s 9066 670 0 670 240 240 60 0 2821 LoutGr2
4547 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
4553 320 fnt84 0 66(4.3.)m 628(Err)s 5(ors)k
4554 1618(in)s 1958(the)s 2458(con\207guration)s 4359(\207le)s
4557 230(a)s 396(syntax)s 1076(error)s 1599(or)s 1858(other)s
4558 2409(problem)s 3266(occurs)s 3941(when)s 4517(processing)s 5593(a)s
4559 5759(con\207guration)s 7092(\207le)s 7453(then)s 7922(a)s 8088(diagnostic)s
4560 0 2119(will)m 422(be)s 699(issued,)s 1399(to)s 1633(where)s 6(v)k 3(er)k
4561 2568(the)s 2911(error)s 3429(messages)s 4378(are)s 4721(currently)s
4562 5632(being)s 6212(sent)s 6652(\(see)s 7087(the)s gsave
4568 8185(f)s 2(amily)k 8855(of)s 0 1879(directi)m 6(v)k 3(es,)k
4569 1026(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e\).)k 0 1471(The)m 428(error)s
4570 951(will)s 1377(cause)s 1964(processing)s 3040(of)s 3311(the)s
4571 3659(con\207guration)s 4992(\207les)s 5441(to)s 5680(cease)s 6253(at)s
4572 6485(that)s 6903(point,)s 7502(unless)s 8151(the)s 8499(error)s
4573 0 1231(w)m 2(as)k 421(inside)s 1048(a)s gsave
4577 0 -52(catch\211quit)m
4579 2275(construct.)s 3255(In)s 3511(this)s 3907(case)s
4580 4374(the)s 4722(settings)s 5503(controlling)s 6605(the)s 6953(program')s 13(s)k
4581 7973(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecution)k 0 991(will)m 426(be)s
4582 708(reset)s 1218(to)s 1457(the)s 1805(def)s 2(aults)k
4583 2610(as)s 2860(if)s 3077(a)s gsave
4586 240 fnt31 0 -52(reset)m
4589 3803(directi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 4685(had)s 5089(been)s
4590 5598(issued,)s 6303(and)s 6707(parsing)s 7464(continues)s 8432(after)s
4594 240 fnt31 0 -52(hctac)m
4596 500 751(.)m 0 52(0.61.3)m 4809(User)s
4597 5320(service)s 6052(daemon)s 6867(and)s 7271(client)s 7861(speci\207cation)s
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4647 320 fnt84 0 5(4.4.)m 628(Defaults)s
4650 240 fnt82 0 12346(The)m 428(def)s 2(ault)k 1149(con\207guration)s
4651 2482(processing)s 3558(is)s 3768(as)s 4018(if)s 4235(the)s
4652 4583(daemon)s 5398(were)s 5918(parsing)s 6675(an)s 6958(o)s 3(v)k 3(erall)k
4653 7670(con\207guration)s 0 12106(\207le)m 361(whose)s 1029(contents)s 1877(were)s
4654 2397(as)s 2647(follo)s 6(ws:)k gsave
4657 240 fnt31 0 -52(reset)m
4658 0 -292(user\211rcfile)m 1728(~/.userv/rc)s 0 -532(errors\211to\211stderr)m 0 -772(include)m 1152(/etc/userv/system.default)s
4659 0 -1012(if)m 432(grep)s 1152(service\211user\211shell)s 3888(/etc/shells)s 432 -1252(errors\211push)m
4660 720 -1492(catch\211quit)m 1008 -1732(include\211ifexist)m gsave
4661 3312 -1680 translate
4663 240 fnt83 0 -52(\207le)m 345(speci\207ed)s
4664 1248(by)s 1530(most)s 2046(r)s 8(ecent)k 2699(user\211r)s 8(c\207le)k
4665 3767(dir)s 8(ective)k
4667 720 -1972(hctac)m 432 -2212(srorre)m 0 -2452(fi)m
4668 0 -2692(include)m 1152(/etc/userv/system.override)s 0 -2932(quit)m
4670 0 8444(If)m 226(one)s
4671 624(of)s 891(the)s gsave
4674 240 fnt31 0 -52(\211\211override)m
4677 3044(to)s 3279(the)s 3623(client)s 4209(is)s 4415(used)s
4678 4908(then)s 5373(it)s 5561(will)s 5983(instead)s 6714(be)s
4679 6992(as)s 7238(if)s 7451(the)s 7795(daemon)s 8606(were)s
4680 0 8204(parsing)m 757(an)s 1040(o)s 3(v)k 3(erall)k
4681 1752(con\207guration)s 3085(as)s 3335(follo)s 6(ws:)k gsave
4685 0 -52(reset)m 0 -292(errors\211to\211stderr)m 0 -532(include)m gsave
4688 240 fnt83 0 -52(\207le)m
4689 345(containing)s 1423(con\207gur)s 3(ation)k 2765(data)s 3246(sent)s
4690 3695(by)s 3977(client)s
4694 0 52(User)m 511(service)s
4695 1243(daemon)s 2058(and)s 2462(client)s 3052(speci\207cation)s 8482(0.61.3)s
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4738 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
4744 340 fnt84 0 70(5.)m 412(Inf)s 8(ormation)k
4745 2257(passed)s 3297(thr)s 6(ough)k 4539(the)s 5070(client/daemon)s
4748 240 fnt82 0 12264(The)m 428(information)s 1613(described)s
4749 2587(belo)s 6(w)k 3220(is)s 3430(the)s 3778(only)s
4750 4258(information)s 5443(which)s 6085(passes)s 6747(between)s 7601(the)s
4751 7949(caller)s 8538(and)s 0 12024(the)m 348(service.)s 0 11616(\213)m
4752 480(The)s 908(service)s 1640(name)s 2214(supplied)s 3083(by)s
4753 3377(the)s 3725(caller)s 4314(is)s 4524(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
4754 5432(in)s 5675(the)s 6023(con\207guration)s 7356(language)s 8276(for)s
4755 480 11376(deciding)m 1343(whether)s 2158(and)s 2547(which)s 3175(service)s
4756 3892(program)s 4747(to)s 4971(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e,)k
4757 5701(in)s 5929(the)s gsave
4758 6262 11430 translate
4760 240 fnt31 0 -52(service)m
4762 7008(parameter)s 9(,)k
4763 8045(and)s 8434(is)s 8629(used)s 480 11136(by)m 774(the)s
4765 1122 11190 translate
4767 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211directory)m
4770 3788 11190 translate
4772 240 fnt31 0 -52(execute\211from\211path)m
4775 5550(con\207guration)s 6883(directi)s 6(v)k 3(es.)k 7906(It)s
4776 8111(is)s 8321(usually)s 480 10896(used)m 977(to)s 1216(select)s
4777 1819(which)s 2461(service)s 3193(program)s 4063(to)s 4302(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(e.)k
4778 5043(It)s 5248(is)s 5458(also)s 5896(passed)s 6592(to)s
4779 6831(the)s 7179(service)s 7911(program)s 8781(in)s 480 10656(the)m
4783 240 fnt31 0 -52(USERV_SERVICE)m
4785 2189(en)s 9(vironment)k 3449(v)s 6(ariable.)k
4786 0 10225(\213)m 480(File)s 902(descriptors)s 1995(speci\207ed)s 2897(by)s
4787 3185(the)s 3528(client)s 4112(and)s 4510(allo)s 6(wed)k
4788 5313(according)s 6304(to)s 6537(the)s 6879(con\207guration)s 8206(language)s
4789 480 9985(will)m 906(be)s 1188(connected.)s 2262(Each)s 2797(\207le)s
4790 3158(descriptor)s 4173(is)s 4383(opened)s 5133(for)s 5471(reading)s
4791 6241(or)s 6500(writing.)s 7294(Communication)s 8893(is)s 480 9745(via)m
4792 832(pipes,)s 1444(one)s 1846(end)s 2250(of)s 2521(each)s
4793 3016(pipe)s 3484(being)s 4069(open)s 4592(on)s 4889(the)s
4794 5237(appropriate)s 6381(\207le)s 6742(descriptor)s 7757(in)s 8000(the)s
4795 8348(service)s 480 9505(program)m 1350(\(when)s 2005(it)s 2197(is)s
4796 2407(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed\))k 3292(and)s
4797 3696(the)s 4044(other)s 4595(end)s 4999(being)s 5584(held)s
4798 6054(by)s 6348(the)s 6696(client)s 7286(process,)s 8110(which)s
4799 480 9265(will)m 906(read)s 1375(and)s 1779(write)s 2325(\207les)s
4800 2774(it)s 2966(opens)s 3576(on)s 3873(behalf)s 4542(of)s
4801 4813(its)s 5089(caller)s 5678(or)s 5937(\207le)s 6298(descriptors)s
4802 7397(it)s 7589(is)s 7799(passed)s 8495(by)s 480 9025(its)m
4803 756(caller)s 13(.)k 480 8617(Data)m 991(may)s 1457(be)s
4804 1739(passed)s 2435(into)s 2860(the)s 3208(service)s 3940(through)s
4805 4742(reading)s 5512(pipes)s 6068(and)s 6472(out)s 6838(of)s
4806 7109(it)s 7301(through)s 8103(writing)s 480 8377(pipes.)m 1083(These)s
4807 1703(pipes)s 2252(can)s 2634(remain)s 3347(open)s 3864(only)s
4808 4337(until)s 4823(the)s 5164(service)s 5889(and)s 6287(client)s
4809 6870(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7364(terminated,)s 8485(or)s
4810 8737(can)s 480 8137(be)m 762(made)s 1336(to)s 1575(stay)s
4811 2014(open)s 2537(after)s 3033(the)s 3381(client)s 3971(has)s
4812 4341(terminated)s 5420(and)s 5824(\(if)s 6120(the)s 6468(service)s
4813 7200(program)s 8070(forks\))s 8689(the)s 480 7897(main)m 1015(service)s
4814 1747(process)s 2515(has)s 2885(e)s 3(xited;)k 3578(the)s
4815 3926(beha)s 4(viour)k 4939(is)s 5149(controlled)s 6176(by)s
4816 6470(options)s 7226(passed)s 7922(to)s 8161(the)s 8509(client)s
4817 480 7657(by)m 774(its)s 1050(caller)s 13(.)k 480 7249(The)m
4818 901(caller)s 1483(can)s 1864(arrange)s 2629(that)s 3039(a)s
4819 3198(writing)s 3934(pipe)s 4394(be)s 4669(connected)s 5689(to)s
4820 5921(a)s 6080(pipe)s 6540(or)s 6792(similar)s 7506(object)s
4821 8143(and)s 8539(cause)s 480 7009(attempts)m 1340(to)s 1579(write)s
4822 2125(to)s 2364(that)s 2782(descriptor)s 3797(by)s 4091(the)s
4823 4439(service)s 5171(to)s 5410(generate)s 6275(a)s gsave
4832 240 fnt31 0 -52(EPIPE)m
4838 240 fnt31 0 -52(SIGPIPE)m
4840 480 6769(is)m 690(caught)s 1388(or)s
4841 1647(ignored\))s 2506(in)s 2749(the)s 3097(service.)s 480 6361(Lik)m 2(e)k 6(wise,)k
4842 1455(the)s 1803(service)s 2535(can)s 2924(close)s 3471(\207ledescriptors)s
4843 4875(speci\207ed)s 5783(for)s 6121(reading,)s 6945(which)s 7587(will)s
4844 8013(cause)s 8600(the)s 480 6121(corresponding)m 1902(\207ledescriptors)s 3306(passed)s
4845 4002(by)s 4296(the)s 4644(caller)s 5233(to)s 5472(be)s
4846 5754(closed,)s 6472(so)s 6738(that)s 7156(if)s 7373(these)s
4847 7920(are)s 8267(pipes)s 480 5881(processes)m 1447(which)s 2089(write)s
4848 2635(to)s 2874(them)s 3412(will)s 3838(recei)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
4852 240 fnt31 0 -52(SIGPIPE)m
4857 240 fnt31 0 -52(EPIPE)m
4860 6093(.)s 0 5426(\213)m 480(If)s gsave
4863 240 fnt31 0 -52(no\211suppress\211args)m
4866 2363(is)s 2568(set)s 2888(then)s 3353(ar)s 4(guments)k
4867 4391(passed)s 5082(to)s 5316(the)s 5660(client)s 6245(by)s
4868 6534(its)s 6805(caller)s 7390(will)s 7811(be)s 8088(passed)s
4869 8779(on,)s 480 5186(v)m 3(erbatim,)k 1433(to)s 1672(the)s
4870 2020(service.)s 0 4750(\213)m 480(F)s 3(a)k 716(tal)s
4871 1009(sig)s 1281(nals)s 1717(and)s 2121(sys)s 2418(tem)s
4872 2836(call)s 3235(f)s 2(ail)k 3545(ures)s 3994(e)s 3(x)k
4873 4212(pe)s 4434(ri)s 4573(enced)s 5189(by)s 5483(the)s
4874 5831(client)s 6421(will)s 6847(re)s 7028(sult)s 7433(in)s
4875 7676(the)s 8024(dis)s 8294(con)s 8637(nec)s 8962(-)s
4876 480 4510(tion)m 909(of)s 1180(the)s 1528(ser)s 1806(vice)s
4877 2260(from)s 2784(the)s 3132(client)s 3722(and)s 4126(pos)s
4878 4450(si)s 4603(bly)s 4963(some)s 5524(of)s 5795(the)s
4879 6143(com)s 6555(mu)s 6856(ni)s 7036(ca)s 7248(tion)s
4880 7677(\207le)s 8038(de)s 8260(scrip)s 8717(tors)s 480 4270(de)m
4881 702(scribed)s 1450(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e;)k 2128(if)s
4885 240 fnt31 0 -52(disconnect\211hup)m
4887 3806(is)s 4016(set)s 4341(then)s
4888 4810(the)s 5158(ser)s 5436(vice)s 5890(will)s 6316(also)s
4889 6754(be)s 7036(sent)s 7481(a)s gsave
4892 240 fnt31 0 -52(SIGHUP)m
4895 8247(.)s 0 3834(\213)m 480(The)s 908(v)s 6(alue)k
4896 1476(of)s 1747(the)s gsave
4899 240 fnt31 0 -52(LOGNAME)m
4905 240 fnt31 0 -52(USER)m
4907 3593(\))s 3721(en)s 9(vironment)k
4908 4981(v)s 6(ariable)k 5800(as)s 6050(passed)s 6746(to)s
4909 6985(the)s 7333(client)s 7923(will)s 8349(be)s 480 3594(used)m
4910 977(as)s 1227(the)s 1575(login)s 2124(name)s 2698(of)s
4911 2969(the)s 3317(calling)s 4020(user)s 4478(if)s 4695(the)s
4912 5043(uid)s 5407(of)s 5678(the)s 6026(calling)s 6729(process)s
4913 7497(matches)s 8331(the)s 8679(uid)s 480 3354(corresponding)m 1902(to)s
4914 2141(that)s 2559(login)s 3108(name.)s 3730(Otherwise)s 4768(the)s
4915 5116(calling)s 5819(uid')s 13(s)k 6335(passw)s 2(ord)k
4916 7295(entry)s 7840(will)s 8266(be)s 8548(used)s 480 3114(to)m
4917 719(determine)s 1730(the)s 2078(calling)s 2781(user')s 13(s)k
4918 3389(login)s 3938(name.)s 480 2706(This)m 956(login)s 1505(name)s
4919 2079(and)s 2483(the)s 2831(calling)s 3534(uid)s 3898(are)s
4920 4245(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k 5153(in)s 5396(the)s
4921 5744(con\207guration)s 7077(language)s 7997(in)s 8240(the)s gsave
4925 0 -52(calling\211user)m
4927 1741 2466(parameter)m 2755(and)s 3159(are)s 3506(passed)s
4928 4202(to)s 4441(the)s 4789(service)s 5521(program)s 6391(in)s
4929 6634(en)s 9(vironment)k 7894(v)s 6(ariables)k gsave
4935 1541 2226(and)m gsave
4938 240 fnt31 0 -52(USERV_UID)m
4941 480 1818(The)m 901(shell)s 1400(corresponding)s 2815(to)s 3047(that)s
4942 3458(login)s 4000(name)s 4567(\(according)s 5635(to)s 5867(the)s
4943 6208(passw)s 2(ord)k 7161(entry\))s 7773(is)s 7976(a)s 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
4944 8876(as)s 480 1578(in)m 723(the)s 1071(con\207guration)s 2404(language')s 13(s)k
4948 240 fnt31 0 -52(calling\211user\211shell)m
4950 5340(parameter)s 13(.)k 480 1170(If)m
4951 710(no)s 1003(rele)s 6(v)k 6(ant)k 1820(passw)s 2(ord)k
4952 2780(entry)s 3325(can)s 3714(be)s 3996(found)s 4613(then)s
4953 5082(no)s 5375(service)s 6107(will)s 6533(be)s 6815(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k
4954 0 715(\213)m 480(The)s 908(numeric)s 1744(v)s 6(alues)k
4955 2400(and)s 2804(te)s 3(xtual)k 3506(names)s 4168(for)s
4956 4506(calling)s 5209(gid)s 5573(and)s 5977(supplementary)s 7439(group)s
4957 8051(list)s 8402(are)s 0 52(0.61.3)m 4809(User)s 5320(service)s
4958 6052(daemon)s 6867(and)s 7271(client)s 7861(speci\207cation)s
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4997 240 fnt84 8832 13842(19)m 240 fnt82 480 13251(a)m 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
4998 1380(in)s 1615(the)s 1955(con\207guration)s 3280(language)s 4192(in)s
5000 4766 13305 translate
5002 240 fnt31 0 -52(calling\211group)m
5004 6119(parameter)s 7125(and)s
5005 7521(are)s 7860(passed)s 8548(to)s 8778(the)s 480 13011(service)m
5006 1212(in)s 1455(en)s 9(vironment)k 2715(v)s 6(ariables.)k
5007 480 12603(If)m 710(no)s 1003(name)s 1577(can)s 1966(be)s
5008 2248(found)s 2865(for)s 3203(a)s 3369(numeric)s 4205(group)s
5009 4817(to)s 5056(which)s 5698(the)s 6046(calling)s 6749(process)s
5010 7517(belongs)s 8313(then)s 8782(no)s 480 12363(service)m 1212(will)s
5011 1638(be)s 1920(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed.)k
5012 0 11957(\213)m 480(The)s 908(name)s 1482(of)s 1753(the)s
5013 2101(current)s 2837(w)s 2(orking)k 3686(directory)s 4602(in)s
5014 4845(which)s 5487(the)s 5835(client)s 6425(w)s 2(as)k
5015 6846(in)s 9(v)k 4(ok)k 2(ed)k 7661(is)s
5016 7871(passed,)s 8616(if)s 480 11717(a)m 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
5017 1388(and)s 1792(not)s 2158(hidden)s 2867(using)s gsave
5018 3439 11771 translate
5021 0 -52(\211\211hidecwd)m
5023 4340(,)s 4447(to)s 4686(the)s 5034(service)s
5024 5766(program)s 6636(in)s 6879(the)s gsave
5025 7227 11771 translate
5027 240 fnt31 0 -52(USERV_CWD)m
5030 8188(v)s 6(ariable.)k 480 11477(This)m 946(grants)s 1570(no)s
5031 1852(special)s 2560(access)s 3210(to)s 3438(that)s 3846(directory)s
5032 4751(unless)s 5389(it)s 5571(is)s 5770(a)s 5925(subdirectory)s
5033 7164(of)s 7424(a)s 7579(directory)s 8484(which)s 480 11237(is)m
5034 690(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecutable)k 1762(\(searchable\))s 2977(b)s 4(ut)k
5035 3339(not)s 3705(readable)s 4570(by)s 4864(the)s 5212(service)s
5036 5944(user)s 13(.)k 0 10780(\213)m 480(Settings)s 1301(speci\207ed)s
5037 2209(by)s 2503(the)s 2851(caller)s 3440(using)s 4012(the)s
5039 4360 10834 translate
5041 240 fnt31 0 -52(\211\211defvar)m gsave
5044 240 fnt83 0 -52(name)m
5050 240 fnt83 0 -52(value)m
5054 6432(option)s 7101(to)s 7340(the)s
5055 7688(client)s 8278(are)s 480 10540(a)m 4(v)k 6(ailable)k
5056 1388(in)s 1631(the)s 1979(con\207guration)s 3312(language)s 4232(as)s
5057 4482(the)s 4830(corresponding)s gsave
5058 6252 10594 translate
5060 240 fnt31 0 -52(u\211)m gsave
5068 7018(parameters)s 8116(and)s 8520(are)s 480 10300(passed)m
5069 1176(to)s 1415(the)s 1763(service)s 2495(program)s 3365(in)s
5070 3608(en)s 9(vironment)k 4868(v)s 6(ariables)k gsave
5071 5775 10354 translate
5074 0 -52(USERV_U_)m gsave
5077 240 fnt83 0 -52(name)m
5081 7082(.)s 0 9845(\213)m
5082 480(If)s 710(the)s 1058(calling)s 1761(user)s 2219(is)s
5083 2429(root)s 2874(or)s 3133(the)s 3481(same)s 4028(as)s
5084 4278(the)s 4626(service)s 5358(user)s 5816(then)s 6285(options)s
5085 7041(may)s 7507(be)s 7789(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
5086 8369(to)s 8608(the)s 480 9605(client)m 1070(which)s 1712(bypass)s
5087 2415(the)s 2763(usual)s 3323(security)s 4133(features;)s 5000(in)s
5088 5243(this)s 5639(case)s 6106(other)s 6657(information)s 7842(may)s
5089 8308(pass)s 480 9365(between)m 1334(the)s 1682(caller)s 2271(and)s
5090 2675(the)s 3023(service.)s 0 52(User)m 511(service)s 1243(daemon)s
5091 2058(and)s 2462(client)s 3052(speci\207cation)s 8482(0.61.3)s
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5130 240 fnt84 0 13842(20)m gsave
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5134 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
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5141 2309(and)s 2935(notes)s 3765(on)s 4204(use)s
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5147 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
5154 0 66(6.1.)m 628(Standard)s 1977(ser)s 3(vices)k 3110(and)s
5155 3697(dir)s 5(ectory)k 5025(management)s
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5158 250(later)s 726(v)s 3(ersions)k 1565(of)s 1829(this)s
5159 2219(speci\207cation)s 3477(standard)s 4339(service)s 5064(names)s 5720(and)s
5160 6117(interf)s 2(aces)k 7087(for)s 7418(common)s 8306(services)s
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5162 2053(and)s 2457(WWW)s 3193(CGI)s 3661(scripts)s 4335(will)s
5163 4761(be)s 5043(speci\207ed.)s gsave
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5169 783(ing)s 1142(ap)s 1361(pli)s 1607(ca)s 1819(tions)s
5170 2335(and)s 2739(sys)s 3036(tem)s 3454(ser)s 3732(vices)s
5171 4274(which)s 4916(hide)s gsave
5172 5384 10593 translate
5174 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
5177 6166(hind)s 6650(wrap)s 7121(per)s 7486(scripts)s 8160(may)s
5178 0 10299(need)m 510(to)s 749(store)s 1269(in)s 1452(for)s
5179 1730(ma)s 2022(tion)s 2451(in)s 2694(the)s 3042(user')s 13(s)k
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5183 221(ri)s 360(ty)s 600(perim)s 1157(iters.)s 1671(Such)s
5184 2207(ap)s 2426(pli)s 2672(ca)s 2884(tions)s 3400(should)s
5185 4097(usu)s 4425(al)s 4592(ly)s 4832(do)s 5125(so)s
5186 5391(in)s 5634(a)s 5800(di)s 5980(rec)s 6264(to)s
5187 6443(ry)s 6696(\(cre)s 7062(at)s 7234(ed)s 7518(by)s
5191 240 fnt31 0 -52(~/.userv/.servdata/)m gsave
5194 240 fnt83 0 -52(service)m
5199 2563 9819(,)m 2670(where)s 240 fnt83 3310 9821(ser)m 3607(vice)s
5200 240 fnt82 4044 9819(is)m 4254(the)s 4602(ser)s 4880(vice)s
5201 5334(name)s 5908(or)s 6167(ap)s 6386(pli)s 6632(ca)s
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5203 428(use)s 803(of)s 1074(a)s 1240(dot-directory)s 2541(inside)s
5207 240 fnt31 0 -52(~/.userv)m
5209 4029(will)s 4455(hopefully)s 5426(a)s 4(v)k 4(oid)k
5210 6008(the)s 6356(user)s 6814(becoming)s 7811(confused)s 0 9171(by)m
5211 294(\207nding)s 1026(parts)s 1541(of)s 1812(a)s 1978(semi-pri)s 6(vile)k 3(ged)k
5212 3526(application')s 13(s)k 4798(internal)s 5582(state)s 6075(in)s
5213 6318(their)s 6815(\207lespace,)s 7758(and)s 8162(or)s 0 8931(discourage)m
5214 1092(them)s 1630(from)s 2154(\207ddling)s 2952(with)s 3434(and)s
5215 3838(thus)s 4288(corrupting)s 5337(it.)s 5573(\(Note)s 6173(that)s
5216 6591(such)s 7087(applications)s 8293(should)s 0 8691(of)m 271(course)s
5217 951(not)s 1317(rely)s 1742(for)s 2080(their)s 2577(global)s
5218 3230(inte)s 3(grity)k 4090(on)s 4387(the)s 4735(inte)s 3(grity)k
5219 5595(of)s 5866(the)s 6214(data)s 6672(on)s 6969(the)s
5220 7317(user')s 13(s)k 7925(side)s 8366(of)s 8637(the)s
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5228 320 fnt84 0 66(6.2.)m
5229 628(Reducing)s 1997(the)s 2497(number)s 3655(of)s 4018(absolutely)s
5230 5474(pri)s 3(vileged)k 6908(subsystems)s
5232 0 6965(Currently)m 970(most)s
5233 1495(Unix)s 2029(systems)s 2837(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k
5234 3338(man)s 3(y)k 3921(components)s 5129(which)s 5771(need)s
5235 6281(to)s 6520(run)s 6896(as)s 7146(root,)s 7638(e)s 6(v)k 3(en)k
5236 8138(though)s 0 6725(most)m 525(of)s 796(their)s 1293(acti)s 6(vity)k
5237 2057(does)s 2547(not)s 2913(strictly)s 3629(require)s 4361(it.)s
5238 4597(This)s 5073(gi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 5620(rise)s
5239 6020(to)s 6259(a)s 6425(lar)s 4(ge)k 6954(and)s
5240 7358(comple)s 3(x)k 8234(body)s 8768(of)s 0 6485(code)m
5241 508(which)s 1150(must)s 1675(be)s 1957(trusted)s 2665(with)s
5242 3147(the)s 3495(security)s 4305(of)s 4576(the)s 4924(system.)s
5243 0 6077(Using)m gsave
5246 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
5249 1768(of)s 2039(these)s 2586(subsystems)s 3727(no)s 4020(longer)s
5250 4691(need)s 5201(an)s 3(y)k 5598(unusual)s 6398(pri)s 6(vile)k 3(ge.)k
5254 240 fnt31 0 -52(cron)m
5256 455 5669(and)m gsave
5259 240 fnt31 0 -52(at)m
5265 240 fnt31 0 -52(lpr)m
5267 1509(and)s 1907(the)s
5268 2249(system')s 13(s)k 3117(mail)s 3591(transfer)s 4373(agent)s
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5283 240 fnt31 0 -52(exim)m
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5287 8701(into)s 0 5429(this)m 396(cate)s 3(gory)k 15(.)k
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5289 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
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5296 2234(away)s 3019(excessi)s 3(v)k 3(e)k 4312(pri)s 3(vilege)k
5300 320 fnt31 0 -70(userv)m
5302 6577(-using)s 7484(facilities)s
5305 0 3943(There)m 613(is)s 823(a)s 989(danger)s 1700(that)s
5306 2118(people)s 2812(reimplementing)s 4378(the)s 4726(f)s 2(acilities)k
5307 5595(I)s 5730(mention)s 6571(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
5311 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
5313 8325(will)s 0 3703(discard)m
5314 731(much)s 1303(of)s 1557(the)s 1888(security)s 2680(bene\207t)s
5315 3374(by)s 3651(using)s 4206(a)s 4355(nai)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5316 4902(implementation)s 6442(technique.)s 7459(This)s 7918(will)s 8326(become)s
5317 0 3463(clearer)m 708(with)s 1190(an)s 1473(e)s 3(xample:)k
5318 0 3055(Consider)m 924(the)s gsave
5321 240 fnt31 0 -52(lpr)m
5324 2546(In)s 2802(current)s 3538(systems)s 4346(this)s 4742(needs)s
5325 5338(to)s 5577(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 6078(an)s
5326 6361(absolutely)s 7398(pri)s 6(vile)k 3(ged)k 0 2815(component)m
5327 1124(in)s 1367(order)s 1931(to)s 2170(support)s 2948(delayed)s
5328 3750(printing)s 4560(without)s 5351(cop)s 2(ying:)k 6227(when)s
5329 6803(the)s 7151(user)s 7609(queues)s 8325(a)s 8491(\207le)s
5330 0 2575(to)m 239(be)s 521(printed)s 1256(the)s 1604(\207lename)s
5331 2483(is)s 2693(stored)s 3335(in)s 3578(the)s 3926(print)s
5332 4437(queue,)s 5116(rather)s 5732(than)s 6201(a)s 6367(cop)s 2(y)k
5333 6885(of)s 7156(it,)s 7395(and)s 7799(the)s 8147(printer)s
5334 0 2335(daemon)m 813(accesses)s 1671(the)s 2016(\207le)s 2375(directly)s
5335 3155(when)s 3729(it)s 3918(is)s 4126(ready)s 4708(to)s
5336 4945(print)s 5453(the)s 5799(job)s 9(.)k 6197(In)s
5337 6451(order)s 7012(that)s 7428(the)s 7773(user)s 8229(can)s
5338 8615(print)s 0 2095(\207les)m 449(which)s 1091(are)s 1438(not)s
5339 1804(w)s 2(orld-readable)k 3304(the)s 3652(daemon)s 4467(is)s
5340 4677(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 5257(root)s 5702(pri)s 6(vile)k 3(ge)k
5341 6598(so)s 6864(that)s 7282(it)s 7474(can)s 7863(open)s
5342 8386(the)s 8734(\207le)s 0 1855(in)m 243(the)s 591(conte)s 3(xt)k
5343 1352(of)s 1623(the)s 1971(user)s 9(,)k 2467(rather)s
5344 3083(than)s 3552(its)s 3828(o)s 6(wn.)k 0 1447(A)m
5345 212(simple-minded)s 1686(approach)s 2602(to)s 2823(con)s 9(v)k 3(erting)k
5346 3868(this)s 4246(scheme)s 5001(to)s 5222(use)s gsave
5352 6120(might)s 6720(in)s 9(v)k 4(olv)k 3(e)k
5353 7460(gi)s 6(ving)k 8101(the)s 8430(printer)s 0 1207(daemon)m
5357 240 fnt31 0 -52(lp)m
5359 1489(user\))s 2010(the)s
5360 2354(ability)s 3013(to)s 3248(read)s 3712(the)s 4055(\207le)s
5361 4412(by)s 4701(allo)s 6(wing)k 5581(them)s 6114(to)s
5365 240 fnt31 0 -52(cat)m
5367 7076(\(or)s 7409(a)s
5368 7570(special-purpose)s 0 967(\207le-reading)m 1140(program\))s 2063(as)s 2299(an)s 3(y)k
5369 2681(user)s 13(.)k 3155(The)s gsave
5372 240 fnt31 0 -52(lpr)m
5375 3914(program)s 4769(w)s 2(ould)k 5410(use)s 5770(a)s
5379 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
5381 6467(service)s 7184(to)s 7409(store)s
5382 7914(the)s 8247(\207lename)s 0 727(in)m 243(the)s 591(printer)s
5383 1287(daemon')s 13(s)k 2255(queues,)s 3027(and)s 3431(the)s
5384 3779(daemon)s 4594(w)s 2(ould)k 5249(read)s 5718(the)s
5385 6066(\207le)s 6427(later)s 6910(when)s 7486(it)s 7678(felt)s
5386 8055(lik)s 2(e)k 8467(it.)s 0 52(0.61.3)m 4809(User)s
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5429 2590(the)s 2938(printer)s 3634(daemon)s 4449(to)s 4688(read)s
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5434 4914(\207les)s 5363(will)s 5789(contain)s 6550(passw)s 2(ords)k
5435 7596(and)s 8000(other)s 0 12774(security-critical)m 1551(information)s 2736(this)s
5436 3132(is)s 3342(nearly)s 3993(as)s 4243(bad)s 4647(as)s
5437 4897(gi)s 6(ving)k 5556(the)s 5904(daemon)s 6719(root)s
5438 7164(access)s 7825(in)s 8068(the)s 8416(\207rst)s 0 12534(place.)m
5439 608(An)s 3(y)k 1072(security)s 1882(holes)s 2438(in)s
5440 2681(the)s 3029(print)s 3540(serv)s 3(er)k 4180(which)s
5441 4822(allo)s 6(w)k 5401(a)s 5567(user)s 6025(to)s
5442 6264(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecute)k 7044(commands)s 8132(as)s
5444 8730 12588 translate
5446 240 fnt31 0 -52(lp)m
5448 0 12294(user)m 458(will)s
5449 884(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k 1343(the)s 1691(user)s
5450 2149(the)s 2497(ability)s 3161(to)s 3400(read)s 3869(an)s 3(y)k
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5452 790(it)s 975(is)s 1178(necessary)s 2153(to)s 2385(k)s 2(eep)k
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5457 2210(daemon.)s 3072(This)s 3548(record)s 4216(could)s 4806(be)s
5458 5088(k)s 2(ept)k 5558(by)s 5852(a)s 6018(ne)s 6(w)k
5459 6465(root-pri)s 6(vile)k 3(ged)k 7947(component,)s 0 11406(b)m 4(ut)k
5460 352(this)s 737(is)s 936(not)s 1291(necessary:)s 2315(the)s
5461 2652(record)s 3309(of)s 3569(which)s 4200(\207les)s 4638(a)s
5462 4794(user)s 5241(has)s 5600(ask)s 2(ed)k 6190(to)s
5463 6418(be)s 6689(printed)s 7413(can)s 7791(be)s 8062(k)s 2(ept)k
5464 8521(under)s 0 11166(the)m 348(control)s 1080(of)s 1351(the)s
5465 1699(user)s 2157(in)s 2400(question.)s 3315(The)s 3743(submission)s
5466 4877(program)s gsave
5467 5747 11220 translate
5469 240 fnt31 0 -52(lpr)m
5471 6107(will)s 6533(mak)s 2(e)k
5472 7105(a)s 7271(record)s 7939(in)s 8182(an)s 8465(area)s
5473 0 10926(under)m 605(the)s 953(user')s 13(s)k 1561(control)s
5474 2293(before)s 2959(communicating)s 4500(with)s 4982(the)s 5330(print)s
5475 5841(serv)s 3(er)k 9(,)k 6519(and)s 6923(the)s
5476 7271(print)s 7782(serv)s 3(er)k 8422(w)s 2(ould)k
5477 0 10686(be)m 279(gi)s 6(v)k 3(en)k 855(the)s
5478 1199(ability)s 1859(to)s 2094(run)s 2466(a)s 2628(special)s
5479 3342(\207le-reading)s 4493(program)s 5359(which)s 5997(w)s 2(ould)k
5480 6648(only)s 7124(allo)s 6(w)k 7699(\207les)s 8144(to)s
5481 8379(be)s 8657(read)s 0 10446(which)m 642(were)s 1162(listed)s
5482 1737(in)s 1980(the)s 2328(user')s 13(s)k 2936(\207le)s
5483 3297(of)s 3568(things)s 4204(the)s 3(y')k 12(d)k
5484 4858(ask)s 2(ed)k 5459(to)s 5698(print.)s 0 10038(No)m 6(w)k
5485 502(security)s 1300(holes)s 1844(in)s 2075(most)s 2588(of)s
5486 2846(the)s 3182(printing)s 3980(system)s 4692(do)s 4973(not)s
5487 5327(critically)s 6215(af)s 6(fect)k 6799(the)s 7135(security)s
5488 7933(of)s 8192(the)s 8527(entire)s 0 9798(system:)m 770(the)s 3(y)k
5489 1233(only)s 1713(allo)s 6(w)k 2292(the)s 2640(attack)s 2(er)k
5490 3453(to)s 3692(read)s 4161(and)s 4565(interfere)s 5428(with)s
5491 5910(print)s 6421(jobs.)s 6924(Bugs)s 7468(in)s 7711(the)s
5492 8059(programs)s 0 9558(run)m 373(by)s 664(the)s 1009(print)s
5493 1517(serv)s 3(er)k 2154(to)s 2390(read)s 2856(users')s
5494 3456(\207les)s 3902(\(and)s 4382(to)s 4618(remo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
5495 5382(entries)s 6066(from)s 6587(the)s 6932(list)s 7280(of)s
5496 7548(\207les)s 7994(when)s 8567(it)s 8756(has)s 0 9318(done)m
5497 522(with)s 1004(them\))s 1610(will)s 2036(still)s 2448(be)s
5498 2730(serious,)s 3514(b)s 4(ut)k 3876(this)s 4272(program)s
5499 5142(can)s 5531(be)s 5813(quite)s 6347(simple.)s 0 8910(Similar)m
5500 762(considerations)s 2194(apply)s 2780(to)s 3019(man)s 3(y)k
5504 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
5506 4102(-based)s 4784(v)s 3(ersions)k
5507 5629(of)s 5900(f)s 2(acilities)k 6769(which)s 7411(currently)s
5508 8327(run)s 0 8670(as)m 250(root.)s 0 8262(It)m 198(is)s
5509 401(debatable)s 1366(whether)s 2189(the)s 2530(user)s 4(-controlled)k
5510 4023(state)s 4509(should)s 5199(be)s 5474(k)s 2(ept)k
5511 5937(in)s 6173(the)s 6514(user')s 13(s)k 7115(\207lespace)s
5512 8000(\(in)s 8315(dot\207les,)s 0 8022(say\))m 440(or)s 692(k)s 2(ept)k
5513 1155(in)s 1391(a)s 1550(separate)s 2381(area)s 2831(set)s
5514 3149(aside)s 3688(for)s 4019(the)s 4360(purpose;)s 5223(ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
5515 6123(using)s 6688(the)s 7029(user')s 13(s)k 7630(home)s
5516 8210(directory)s 0 7782(\(and)m 468(probably)s 1357(creating)s 2164(a)s
5517 2314(separate)s 3137(subdirectory)s 4370(of)s 4626(it)s 4802(as)s
5518 5037(a)s 5187(dot\207le)s 5839(to)s 6062(contain)s 6808(man)s 3(y)k
5519 7375(subsystems')s 8561(state\))s 0 7542(has)m 370(fe)s 6(wer)k
5520 967(implications)s 2199(for)s 2537(the)s 2885(rest)s 3289(of)s
5521 3560(the)s 3908(system)s 4632(and)s 5036(mak)s 2(es)k
5522 5696(it)s 5888(entirely)s 6671(clear)s 7194(where)s 7834(the)s
5523 8182(security)s 0 7302(boundaries)m 1101(lie.)s 9066 670 0 670 240 240 60 0 6278 LoutGr2
5524 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
5530 320 fnt84 0 66(6.4.)m
5534 320 fnt31 0 -70(userv)m
5536 1375(is)s 1659(not)s 2182(a)s
5537 2419(r)s 5(eplacement)k 4178(f)s 8(or)k gsave
5546 320 fnt31 0 -70(sudo)m
5556 560 5816(is)m 770(not)s 1136(intended)s 2018(as)s
5557 2268(a)s 2434(general-purpose)s 4030(system)s 4754(administration)s 6191(tool)s
5558 6618(with)s 7100(which)s 7742(system)s 0 5576(administrators)m 1398(can)s
5559 1767(e)s 3(x)k 3(ecute)k 2528(pri)s 6(vile)k 3(ged)k
5560 3526(programs)s 4461(when)s 5017(the)s 3(y)k 5461(need)s
5561 5951(to.)s 6222(It)s 6407(is)s 6598(unsuitable)s 7617(for)s
5562 7936(this)s 8312(purpose)s 0 5336(precisely)m 916(because)s 1729(it)s
5563 1921(enforces)s 2781(a)s 2947(strong)s 3598(separation)s 4637(between)s
5564 5491(the)s 5839(calling)s 6542(and)s 6946(the)s 7294(called)s
5565 7922(program,)s 0 5096(which)m 642(is)s 852(undesirable)s 2010(in)s
5566 2253(this)s 2649(conte)s 3(xt.)k 0 4688(Its)m 289(f)s 2(acilities)k
5567 1158(for)s 1496(restricting)s 2516(acti)s 6(vities)k 3422(to)s
5568 3661(running)s 4459(certain)s 5165(programs)s 6119(may)s 6585(at)s
5569 6817(\207rst)s 7248(glance)s 7928(seem)s 8479(to)s 0 4420(pro)m 3(vide)k
5570 769(similar)s 1476(functionality)s 2736(to)s gsave
5573 240 fnt31 0 -52(sudo)m
5576 153 fnt82 3360 4509(1)m 240 fnt82 3420 4420(.)m 3509(Ho)s 6(we)k 6(v)k 3(er)k 9(,)k
5577 4454(the)s 4787(separation)s 5811(mentioned)s 6864(abo)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
5578 7471(is)s 7666(a)s 7817(problem)s 8659(here)s 0 4180(too,)m
5579 413(particular)s 1387(for)s 1725(interaction)s 2803(-)s 2931(it)s
5580 3123(can)s 3512(be)s 3794(hard)s 4277(for)s 4615(a)s
5584 240 fnt31 0 -52(userv)m
5586 5341(service)s 6073(program)s 6943(to)s
5587 7182(interact)s 7957(with)s 8439(its)s 8714(real)s 0 3940(caller)m
5588 589(or)s 848(the)s 1196(user)s 1654(in)s 1897(question.)s
5589 9066 670 0 670 240 240 60 0 2916 LoutGr2
5590 newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
5596 320 fnt84 0 66(6.5.)m 628(Don't)s 1488(gi)s 3(v)k 3(e)k
5597 2107(access)s 3013(to)s 3352(general-pur)s 3(pose)k 5640(utilities)s
5600 0 2454(Do)m 346(not)s 712(specify)s 1456(general)s 2214(purpose)s
5601 3028(programs)s 3982(lik)s 2(e)k gsave
5604 240 fnt31 0 -52(mv)m
5610 240 fnt31 0 -52(cat)m
5618 6377(directi)s 6(v)k 3(es)k 7347(without)s
5619 8138(careful)s 0 2214(thought)m 792(about)s 1384(their)s 1881(ar)s 4(guments,)k
5620 2980(and)s 3384(certainly)s 4273(not)s 4639(if)s gsave
5624 0 -52(no\211suppress\211args)m
5626 6518(is)s 6728(speci\207ed.)s 7682(If)s 7912(you)s
5627 8327(do)s 8620(so)s 8886(it)s 0 1974(will)m 426(gi)s 6(v)k 3(e)k
5628 885(the)s 1233(caller)s 1822(much)s 2411(more)s 2958(pri)s 6(vilige)k
5629 3817(than)s 4286(you)s 4701(probably)s 5606(intend.)s 0 1566(It)m
5630 205(is)s 415(a)s 581(shame)s 1248(that)s 1666(I)s
5631 1801(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 2302(to)s 2541(say)s
5632 2914(this)s 3310(here,)s 3828(b)s 4(ut)k 4190(ine)s 3(xperienced)k
5633 5586(administrators)s 7003(ha)s 4(v)k 3(e)k 7504(made)s
5634 8078(similar)s 1134 0 0 0 240 240 60 0 1178 LoutGr2
5635 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto stroke
5639 122 fnt82 0 983(1)m gsave
5642 192 fnt31 0 -42(sudo)m
5645 192 fnt82 425 913(is)m 593(a)s 726(program)s 1422(which)s
5646 1936(allo)s 4(ws)k 2472(users)s 2905(to)s 3097(e)s 2(x)k 2(ecute)k
5647 3723(certain)s 4289(programs)s 5052(as)s 5252(root,)s 5646(according)s
5648 6444(to)s 6636(con\207guration)s 7703(\207les)s 8062(speci\207ed)s 8789(by)s
5649 0 683(the)m 279(system)s 858(administrator)s 10(.)k 240 fnt82
5650 0 52(User)m 511(service)s 1243(daemon)s 2058(and)s 2462(client)s
5651 3052(speci\207cation)s 8482(0.61.3)s
5661 %%PageResources: font Times-Roman
5663 %%+ font Courier-Bold
5665 0.0500 dup scale 10 setlinewidth
5669 240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 11900 16840 0 16840 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
5684 1417 -15423 translate
5685 240 fnt82 0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor 9066 14006 0 14006 240 240 60 LoutGraphic
5689 240 fnt84 0 13842(22)m 240 fnt82 0 13254(mistak)m 2(es)k
5690 885(with)s 1367(programs)s 2321(lik)s 2(e)k gsave
5691 2733 13308 translate
5696 3133(.)s 0 52(0.61.3)m 4809(User)s 5320(service)s
5697 6052(daemon)s 6867(and)s 7271(client)s 7861(speci\207cation)s
5706 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Courier-Bold
5707 %%+ font Times-Roman
5708 %%+ font Times-Italic
5710 %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset LoutStartUp
5711 %%+ procset LoutMarginNotes
~ian / userv.git / blob