11 $debug $needglue $localonly $repeat $verbosity);
13 $quis= $0; $quis =~ s,.*/,,;
17 $etcfile= "/etc/bind/chiark-conf-gen.zones";
25 use vars qw($dig_owner $dig_type $dig_rdata);
27 while (@ARGV && $ARGV[0] =~ m/^\-/) {
31 if (m/^(yes|no|force)$/) { m/^./; $mode= $&; }
32 elsif (m/^all$/) { $doall=1; }
33 elsif (m/^config$/) { $etcfile= loarg(); $where= '--config option'; }
34 elsif (m/^glueless$/) { $needglue=0; }
35 elsif (m/^localonly$/) { $localonly=1; }
36 elsif (m/^quiet$/) { $verbosity=0; }
37 elsif (m/^repeat$/) { $repeat=1; }
38 elsif (m/^verbose$/) { $verbosity=2; }
39 else { usageerr("unknown option --$_"); }
44 if (s/^[ynf]//) { $mode=$&; }
45 elsif (s/^A//) { $doall=1; }
46 elsif (s/^C//) { $etcfile= soarg(); $where= '-C option'; }
47 elsif (s/^D//) { $debug++; }
48 elsif (s/^g//) { $needglue=0; }
49 elsif (s/^l//) { $localonly=1; }
50 elsif (s/^q//) { $verbosity=0; }
51 elsif (s/^r//) { $repeat=1; }
52 elsif (s/^v//) { $verbosity=2; }
53 else { usageerr("unknown option -$&"); }
58 sub loarg() { usageerr("missing option value") if !@ARGV; return shift @ARGV; }
59 sub soarg() { my ($rv); $rv=$_; $_=''; return length $rv ? $rv : loarg(); }
61 usageerr("-D may be specified at most twice") if $debug>2;
62 usageerr("must specify either -f|-y|-n or zones (and not both)")
63 if !!$mode == !!@ARGV;
68 usage: named-conf-regen [options] -f|-y|-n|<zone>...\n".
70 " -f --force install without checking\n".
71 " -y --yes check and install\n".
72 " -n --no check only\n".
73 "additional options:\n".
74 " -A --all report on zones marked ? (ones we know are broken)\n".
75 " -D debug $quis (does not help debug your DNS config)\n".
76 " -g --glueless do not warn about any glueless referrals (not recommended)\n".
77 " -l --localonly full checks only on zones which we primary\n".
78 " -q --quiet no output for OK zones\n".
79 " -r --repeat repeat warnings for all sources of imperfect data\n".
80 " -v --verbose extra verbose info about each zone\n".
81 " -C|--config <DIR/FILE use FILE as default config and DIR as default dir\n";
84 cfg_fail("config filename $etcfile should not be directory")
87 use vars qw($default_dir);
88 $default_dir= $etcfile =~ m,^.*/, ? $& : './';
90 use vars qw($slave_dir $slave_prefix $slave_suffix);
95 use vars qw(@self_ns @self_soa @self_addr @forbid_addr @conv_glueless);
96 @self_ns= @self_soa= @self_addr= @forbid_addr= ();
97 @conv_glueless= qw(in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa ip6.int);
99 use vars qw(%zone_cfg @zone_cfg_list);
103 use vars qw($output $default_output %output_contents);
106 %output_contents= ();
108 use vars qw($check $install);
109 $check= $mode !~ m/^f/;
110 $install= $mode =~ m/^[yf]/;
112 read_config($etcfile);
113 debug_dump('@zone_cfg_list %zone_cfg');
114 process_zones($mode ? @zone_cfg_list : @ARGV);
115 debug_dump('%output_contents');
116 output_files() if $install;
120 #-------------------- configuration reading
122 sub cfg_fail ($) { die "$quis: $where:\n $_[0]\n"; }
124 sub read_config ($) {
126 my ($fh,$z,@self,$before,
127 $mod,$dir,$prefix,$suffix,$subfile,$lprefix,$lsuffix,$zf);
130 $fh= new IO::File $if,'r' or cfg_fail("open $if:\n $!");
133 if (!defined($_= <$fh>)) {
134 cfg_fail("read config file $if:\n $!") if $fh->error();
138 if (s/\\$//) { $before.= $_; next; }
146 if (m/^self(\-ns|\-soa|)\s+(\S.*\S)/) {
147 @self= split /\s+/, $2;
148 @self_ns= @self if $1 ne '-soa';
149 @self_soa= @self if $1 ne '-ns';
150 } elsif (m/^serverless\-glueless\s+(\S.*\S)/) {
151 @conv_glueless= split /\s+/, $1;
152 } elsif (m/^self\-addr\s+([0-9. \t]+)/) {
153 @self_addr= split /\s+/, $1;
154 } elsif (m/^forbid\-addr(?:\s+([0-9. \t]+))?/) {
155 @forbid_addr= defined $1 ? split /\s+/, $1 : ();
159 (?: \s+ ([^/ \t]*) (?: (/.+) )?
162 ($mod, $dir, $prefix, $suffix, $subfile) =
163 ($1,qualify($2),$3,$4,$5);
164 $suffix= '' if !defined $suffix;
165 $subfile= '' if !defined $subfile;
166 $suffix= '_db' if !length $suffix && !length $subfile;
167 if (-d "$dir/$prefix") { $dir.='/'; $dir.=$prefix; $prefix=''; }
168 opendir D, $dir or cfg_fail("open primary-dir $dir:\n $!");
169 $lprefix= length $prefix; $lsuffix= length $suffix;
170 while (defined($_= readdir D)) {
171 next if m/^\./ && !$lprefix;
172 next unless length > $lprefix+$lsuffix;
173 next unless substr($_,0,$lprefix) eq $prefix;
174 next unless substr($_,length($_)-$lsuffix) eq $suffix;
175 $z= substr($_,$lprefix,length($_)-($lprefix+$lsuffix));
176 $zf= $dir.'/'.$prefix.$z.$suffix.$subfile;
178 next if length $subfile && $! == &ENOENT;
179 cfg_fail("cannot stat zonefile $zf:\n $!");
181 -f _ or cfg_fail("zonefile $zf is not a plain file");
182 zone_conf($z,'primary','p',$mod,$zf);
184 closedir D or cfg_fail("close primary-dir $dir:\n $!");
185 } elsif (m/^primary([*?]?)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)$/) {
186 zone_conf($2,'primary','p',$1,qualify($3));
187 } elsif (m/^published([*?]?)\s+(\S+)\s+([0-9.\t]+)$/) {
188 zone_conf($2,'published','s',$1,'',$3);
189 } elsif (m/^stealth([*?]?)\s+(\S+)\s+([0-9. \t]+)$/) {
190 zone_conf($2,'stealth','u',$1,'',split /\s+/, $3);
191 } elsif (m/^slave\-dir\s+(\S+)(?:(?:\s+(\S+))\s+(\S+))?$/) {
192 ($slave_dir, $slave_prefix, $slave_suffix) = (qualify($1),$2,$3);
193 $slave_prefix='' if !defined $slave_prefix;
194 $slave_suffix='' if !defined $slave_suffix;
195 } elsif (m/^output\s+bind8\+(\S+)$/) {
196 cfg_fail("default output may not apply to only some zones")
197 if @zone_cfg_list && length $default_output;
198 set_output(qualify($1));
199 } elsif (m/^include\s+(\S+)$/) {
202 cfg_fail("unknown configuration directive".
203 " or incorrect syntax or arguments:\n".
207 $fh->close or cfg_fail("close config file $if:\n $!");
212 $i= "$default_dir$i" unless $i =~ m,^/,;
216 sub zone_conf ($$$$$@) {
217 my ($zone,$style,$sabbr,$mod,$file,@servers) = @_;
219 $file= qualify("$slave_dir/$slave_prefix".$zone.$slave_suffix)
221 if (!length $output) {
222 $default_output= qualify('chiark-conf-gen.bind8')
223 unless length $default_output;
224 set_output($default_output);
226 cfg_fail("redefined zone $zone\n".
227 " earlier definition $zone_cfg{$zone}{'where'}")
228 if exists $zone_cfg{$zone};
229 $zone_cfg{$zone}{'where'}= $where;
230 $zone_cfg{$zone}{'file'}= $file;
231 $zone_cfg{$zone}{'style_p'}= $style.$mod;
232 $zone_cfg{$zone}{'s'}= $sabbr.$mod; # p)rimary s)econdary u)npub f)oreign
233 $zone_cfg{$zone}{'servers'}= [ @servers ];
234 foreach $sfx (qw(self_soa self_ns self_addr forbid_addr)) {
235 { no strict 'refs'; $aref= [ @$sfx ]; }
236 @$aref or cfg_fail("failed to specify $sfx before zone")
238 $zone_cfg{$zone}{$sfx}= $aref;
240 $zone_cfg{$zone}{'output'}= $output;
241 push @zone_cfg_list, $zone;
247 $output_contents{$output}= '';
251 #-------------------- checking
253 use vars qw($zone $cfg $warnings);
257 return if !$verbosity;
262 return if $verbosity<2;
266 sub process_zones (@) {
270 foreach $zone (@zones) {
272 $cfg= $zone_cfg{$zone} || {
273 'style_p' => 'foreign',
277 progress(sprintf "%-40s %s", $zone, $$cfg{'style_p'});
278 if ($check && ($doall || $cfg->{'s'} !~ m/\?/)) {
280 if ($localonly && $cfg->{'s'} =~ m/f/) {
281 zone_warning("foreign zone specified with -l",'');
282 } elsif ($cfg->{'s'} =~ m/\*/ ||
283 ($localonly && $cfg->{'s'} !~ m/p/)) {
289 zone_warning("checks failed: $@",'') if length $@;
291 $output_contents{$$cfg{'output'}} .= zone_output()
294 print STDERR "$quis: $warnings warnings\n" or die $!
298 use vars qw(%delgs); # $delgs{$nameserver_list} = [ $whosaidandwhy ]
299 use vars qw(%auths); # $auths{$nameserver_list} = [ $whosaidandwhy ]
300 use vars qw(%glue); # $glue{$name}{$addr_list} = [ $whosaidandwhy ]
301 use vars qw(%soas); # $soa{"$serial $origin"} = [ $whosaidandwhy ]
302 use vars qw(%addr_is_ok %warned);
303 use vars qw($delg_to_us);
304 use vars qw(@to_check); # ($addr,$whyask,$is_auth,$glueless_ok, ...)
305 use vars qw(@to_check_soa); # ($addr,$whyask, ...)
307 sub zone_warning ($$) {
311 return 0 if !$repeat && $warned{$w}++;
316 $w .= " ($o)" if length $o;
317 print STDERR "$zone: warning: $w\n" or die $!;
322 sub zone_warnmore ($) {
323 print STDERR "$zone: $_[0]\n" or die $!;
326 sub zone_check_full () {
333 %delgs= %auths= %glue= %soas= %warned= %addr_is_ok= ();
335 @to_check= @to_check_soa= ();
338 sub zone_investigate() {
339 my ($super_zone, @super_nsnames,
340 $super_ns, @super_ns_addrs, $s, $wa, $is_auth,
341 %nsrrset_checked, %soa_checked, $addr, $glueless_ok, $rcode);
345 debug_trace("zone $zone superzone $super_zone");
346 $super_zone =~ s/^[^.]+\.// or die "no superzone ? ($super_zone)\n";
347 ($rcode,@super_nsnames)=
348 lookup($super_zone,'ns-','06',"superzone search");
351 for $super_ns (@super_nsnames) {
352 $super_ns= lc $super_ns;
353 ($rcode,@super_ns_addrs)=
354 lookup($super_ns,'a','0',"published nameserver");
355 foreach $addr (@super_ns_addrs) {
358 "$super_ns, server for $super_zone",
363 # We do these in order so that we always do NS RRset checks on
364 # nameservers that came from other NS RRsets first; otherwise
365 # we might set nsrrset_checked due to a glueless_ok check,
366 # and then not check for gluefulness later.
367 debug_dump('@to_check @to_check_soa');
368 if (($addr,$wa,$is_auth,$glueless_ok,@to_check) = @to_check) {
369 push @to_check_soa, $addr, $wa if $is_auth;
370 next if $nsrrset_checked{$addr}++;
371 zone_check_nsrrset($addr, $wa, $is_auth, $glueless_ok);
372 } elsif (($addr,$wa,@to_check_soa) = @to_check_soa) {
373 next if $soa_checked{$addr}++;
374 zone_check_soa($addr, $wa, "NS [$addr]");
381 sub zone_check_nsrrset ($$$$) {
382 my ($uaddr,$wa, $is_auth, $glueless_ok) = @_;
383 my (@s, $s, %s2g, @glue, $glue, $delgs_or_auths, $wwn, $ww);
385 verbose("checking delegation by $ww");
387 if ($dig_type eq 'ns' && $dig_owner eq $zone) {
388 $s2g{lc $dig_rdata} = [ ];
389 } elsif ($dig_type eq 'a' && exists $s2g{$dig_owner}) {
390 $wwn= "in glue from $ww";
391 push @to_check, $dig_rdata, "$dig_owner, $wwn", 1, 0;
392 zone_server_addr($dig_rdata,$dig_owner,$wwn,"NS [$uaddr]",0);
393 push @{ $s2g{$dig_owner} }, $dig_rdata;
398 zone_warning("unable to find NS RRset at [$uaddr]", $wa);
400 } elsif (keys %s2g == 1) {
401 zone_warning("only one nameserver ". (join '', keys %s2g),
406 $delg_to_us=1 if grep { $s eq $_ } @{ $cfg->{'self_ns'} };
407 @glue= @{ $s2g{$s} };
409 zone_warning("glueless NS $s", $ww)
410 unless $glueless_ok || !$needglue ||
411 grep { has_suffix_of($s,".$_"); } @conv_glueless;
414 $glue= join ' ', sort @glue;
415 push @{ $glue{$s}{$glue} }, $ww;
418 $delgs_or_auths= $is_auth ? \%auths : \%delgs;
419 push @{ $delgs_or_auths->{$s} }, $ww;
422 sub zone_server_addr ($$$$$) {
423 my ($addr,$name,$ww,$wwq,$is_soa) = @_;
425 debug_trace("zone_server_addr ".join '|',@_);
426 $addr_is_ok{$addr}= "$name ($wwq)"
427 if $is_soa || $cfg->{'s'} =~ m/u/;
428 foreach $cg (@conv_glueless) {
429 next unless has_suffix_of(".$name",".$cg");
430 zone_warning("nameserver [$addr] $name in serverless-glueless".
431 " namespace area $cg",
434 zone_warning("configured as stealth but we [$addr] $name are published",
436 if $cfg->{'s'} =~ m/u/ && grep { $_ eq $addr } @self_addr;
437 zone_warning("forbidden nameserver address [$addr] $name",$ww)
438 if grep { $_ eq $addr } @{ $cfg->{'forbid_addr'} };
440 my ($name_is_self, $addr_is_self);
441 $name_is_self= grep { $_ eq $name }
442 @{ $cfg->{$is_soa ? 'self_soa' : 'self_ns'} };
443 $addr_is_self= grep { $_ eq $addr }
444 @{ $cfg->{'self_addr'} };
445 if ($name_is_self && !$addr_is_self) {
446 zone_warning("our $name supplied with wrong address [$addr]", $ww);
448 if (!$name_is_self && $addr_is_self) {
449 zone_warning("we [$addr] are named in ".
450 ($is_soa ? "SOA" : "NS").
451 " by wrong name $name",
454 if (!$name_is_self && !$addr_is_self &&
455 $is_soa && $cfg->{'s'} =~ m/p/) {
456 zone_warning("SOA ORIGIN $name is not us (".
457 (join ' ', @{ $cfg->{'self_soa'} }).")", $ww);
459 $delg_to_us=1 if $addr_is_self && !$is_soa;
462 sub zone_check_soa ($$$) {
463 my ($uaddr,$wa,$waq) = @_;
464 my ($lame,$origin,$got,$rcode,@soa_addrs,$soa_addr,$ww,$wwn);
465 verbose("checking service at [$uaddr] $waq");
466 $lame= 'dead or lame';
469 if ($dig_type eq 'flags:') {
470 $lame= $dig_rdata =~ m/ aa / ? '' : 'lame';
471 } elsif ($dig_type eq 'soa' && $dig_owner eq $zone && !$lame) {
472 die "several SOAs ? $ww" if defined $origin;
474 $got =~ m/^\d+ (\S+)$/ or die "$got ?";
479 $lame= 'broken' if !$lame && !defined $origin;
480 if ($lame) { zone_warning("$lame server [$uaddr]",$wa); return; }
481 push @{ $soas{$got} }, $ww;
482 ($rcode,@soa_addrs)= lookup($origin,'a','0',"SOA ORIGIN");
483 $wwn= "SOA ORIGIN from $ww";
484 foreach $soa_addr (@soa_addrs) {
485 zone_server_addr($soa_addr,$origin,$wwn,"SOA [$uaddr]",1);
486 push @to_check, $soa_addr, "$origin, $wwn";
490 sub zone_consistency() {
491 my ($d, $org_ser, $origin, $a, $h, $self_soa, $wa);
492 zone_consistency_set('delegations',\%delgs);
493 foreach $d (keys %delgs) { delete $auths{$d}; }
494 zone_consistency_set('zone nameserver rrset',\%auths);
495 foreach $h (keys %glue) {
496 zone_consistency_set("glue for $h", $glue{$h});
498 zone_consistency_set("serial number and/or SOA ORIGIN",\%soas);
499 $self_soa= $cfg->{'self_soa'};
502 sub zone_servers_ok () {
506 foreach $a (@{ $cfg->{'servers'} }) {
507 next if exists $addr_is_ok{$a};
508 zone_warning("we slave from [$a]",'')
512 foreach $a (keys %addr_is_ok) {
513 zone_warnmore("permitted master [$a] $addr_is_ok{$a}");
517 if ($cfg->{'s'} =~ m/s/ && !$delg_to_us) {
518 zone_warning("we are supposedly published secondary,".
519 " but not listed as a nameserver",'');
520 map { $fs{$_}=1 } keys(%delgs), keys(%auths);
521 zone_warnmore("servers are: ". join ' ', sort keys %fs);
525 sub zone_consistency_set ($%) {
528 if (keys(%$set) > 1) {
529 zone_warning("inconsistent $msg:",'');
530 foreach $d (keys %$set) {
531 foreach $o (@{ $set->{$d} }) { zone_warnmore(" $d from $o"); }
536 sub zone_check_local () {
537 zone_servers_simplefind();
541 sub zone_servers_simplefind () {
542 my ($rcode,@nsnames,$ns,@soas,$origin);
544 ($rcode,@nsnames)= lookup($zone,'ns-','0',"zone's servers");
545 foreach $ns (@nsnames) { zone_server_simple($ns,'NS',0); }
547 ($rcode,@soas)= lookup($zone,'soa','0',"SOA ORIGIN");
548 die "multiple SOA RRs in set! @soas ?" if @soas!=1;
549 $soas[0] =~ m/^(\S+)\s/ or die "SOA ? $_";
550 zone_server_simple(domain_canon($1,"lookup $zone SOA"),'SOA',1);
553 sub zone_server_simple ($$$) {
554 my ($name,$ww,$is_soa) = @_;
555 my ($rcode,@addrs,$addr);
556 ($rcode,@addrs)= lookup($name,'a','0', "server - ".
557 ($is_soa ? "SOA ORIGIN" : "NS"));
558 foreach $addr (@addrs) { zone_server_addr($addr,$name,$ww,$ww,$is_soa); }
561 #-------------------- outputting
566 $o= "zone \"$zone\" {\n";
567 if ($$cfg{'s'} =~ m/p/) {
568 $o.= " type master;\n";
570 $o.= " type slave;\n".
572 foreach $m (@{ $$cfg{'servers'} }) { $o.= " $m;\n"; }
575 $o.= " file \"$$cfg{'file'}\";\n";
580 sub output_files () {
581 my ($fn,$ofn,$mfn,$l,$dir, $maxmode,$h,@to_install);
583 foreach $ofn (keys %output_contents) {
584 $fn= $ofn; $mfn= "output file $fn";
587 $! == &ENOENT or die "$quis: stat $mfn:\n $!\n";
591 $maxmode= (stat _)[2];
594 defined($l= readlink $fn)
595 or die "$quis: readlink $mfn:\n $!\n";
596 $dir= $fn =~ m,^.*/, ? $& : './';
597 $fn= "$dir$l" unless $l =~ m,^/,;
598 $mfn= "output file $fn (symlink target of $ofn)";
600 die "$quis: output file $mfn exists but is not a file".
601 " (or symlink to one)";
604 unlink "$fn.new" or $! == &ENOENT or
605 die "$quis: cannot clear out old .new version of $mfn:\n $!";
606 $h= new IO::File "$fn.new",'w',$maxmode
607 or die("$quis: create .new version of $mfn:\n $!");
609 "# generated by $quis, do not edit\n",
610 $output_contents{$ofn}
611 or die "$quis: write data to .new version of $mfn:\n $!";
613 or die "$quis: close .new version of $mfn:\n $!";
614 push @to_install, $fn,$mfn;
617 while (($fn,$mfn, @to_install) = @to_install) {
619 or die "$quis: install new version of $mfn:\n $!";
623 #-------------------- general utilities
627 return unless $debug>1;
628 local $Data::Dumper::Terse=1;
629 foreach $vn (split /\s+/, $_[0]) {
630 print "$vn := ", eval "Dumper(\\$vn)";
634 sub debug_trace ($) {
635 return unless $debug;
639 sub has_suffix_of ($$) {
640 my ($whole,$suffix) = @_;
641 return 0 if length $whole < length $suffix;
642 return 0 if substr($whole, length($whole) - length($suffix)) ne $suffix;
647 my ($domain,$type,$okrcodes,$w) = @_;
649 debug_trace("lookup ==> (->$okrcodes) $domain $type");
652 defined($c= open $h, "-|") or die "$quis: fork adnshost:\n $!\n";
654 exec 'adnshost','-Fi','+Do','+Dt','+Dc','-Cf',"-t$type",
656 die "$quis: exec adnshost:\n $!\n";
658 @result= $h->getlines();
659 $h->error and die "$quis: read from adnshost:\n $!\n";
662 die "$quis: lookup -t$type $domain $okrcodes ($w) failed $? $! @result\n"
663 if $! or $?&255 or $?>1536 or index($okrcodes,$?>>8)<0;
664 debug_trace("lookup <== $? @result");
670 my ($eachrr, $qowner,$qtype,$qaddr) = @_;
671 # also pseudo-rr with type `flags:'
672 my ($h,$inmid,$irdata,$c,$digwhy);
675 debug_trace("dig ==> \@$qaddr $qowner $qtype");
678 defined($c= open $h, "-|") or die "$quis: fork dig:\n $!\n";
680 open STDERR, ">&STDOUT" or die $!;
682 '+nodef','+nosea','+nodebug','+norecurse',
683 "\@$qaddr",'-t',$qtype,$qowner);
684 die "$quis: exec dig:\n $!\n";
688 if (!defined($_= $h->getline())) {
689 $h->error() and die "$quis: read from dig:\n $!\n";
694 s/^\s+/ / or die "$inmid // $_ ?";
698 s/$/ \(/ unless s/\s*\)\s*$//;
700 if (s/\s*\(\s*$//) { $inmid= $_; next; }
701 $digwhy= "dig $qowner $qtype $qaddr \`$_'";
702 if (m/^\;\; flags\:( [-0-9a-z ]+)\;/) {
703 $dig_owner=''; $dig_type='flags:'; $dig_rdata= "$1 ";
704 debug_trace("dig f: $dig_rdata");
708 } elsif (m/^([-.0-9a-z]+)\s+\d\w+\s+in\s+([a-z]+)\s+(\S.*)/i) {
709 $dig_owner=domain_canon($1,$digwhy); $dig_type=lc $2; $irdata=$3;
710 if ($dig_type eq 'a') {
711 $irdata =~ m/^[.0-9]+$/ or die "$irdata ?";
713 } elsif ($dig_type eq 'ns') {
714 $irdata =~ m/^[-.0-9a-z]+$/i or die "bad nameserver $irdata ?";
715 $dig_rdata= domain_canon($irdata,$digwhy);
716 } elsif ($dig_type eq 'soa') {
717 $irdata =~ m/^([-.0-9a-z]+)\s+.*\s+(\d+)(?:\s+\d\w+){4}$/i
718 or die "bad SOA $irdata ?";
719 $dig_rdata= $2.' '.domain_canon($1,$digwhy);
721 debug_trace("ignoring uknown RR type $dig_type");
724 debug_trace("dig $dig_owner $dig_type $dig_rdata");
727 debug_trace("ignoring unknown dig output $_");
731 debug_trace("dig <== gave $?");
734 sub domain_canon ($$) {
737 return '.' if $i eq '.';
738 die "domain $i ($w) ?" unless $i =~ m/^[0-9a-z]/i;