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3Mup Parameters
4</TITLE></HEAD>
5<BODY>
6<P>
7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="fontfile.html">&lt;-- previous page</A>
8
9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="index.html">Table of Contents</A>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="debug.html">next page --&gt;</A>
10</P>
11
12<H1>
13PARAMETERS
14</H1>
15<P>
16Parameters can be set in various contexts. All parameters
17have default values, so that you need to explicitly set them only if you
18want some value other than the default value.
19</P>
20<P>
21Some parameters can be set only in the score context. Others can be set in
22either score or staff contexts. A few can be set in score, staff, or voice
23context. If a given parameter can be set in several
24<A HREF="contexts.html">contexts,</A>
25the value is that of the parameter at the
26most specific context in which it is set. For example, if Mup is working
27on musical data for voice 2 of staff 5, and it needs to
28look up the value of a parameter, it will first see if that parameter has
29been set in context &quot;voice 5 2&quot;.
30If so, it will use that value. If not,
31it will see if the parameter was set in context &quot;staff 5&quot;. If that has not
32been set either, it will use the value from the score context. The score
33context initially has all parameters set to their default values.
34There are a few parameters, mostly related to font and text size,
35that can also be set in
36<A HREF="headfoot.html">header, footer, and similiar contexts.</A>
37</P>
38<P>
39Parameters are set by the following syntax:
40<BR><PRE>
41<I>parameter_name</I><B>=</B><I>value</I>
42</PRE><BR>
43</P>
44<P>
45Several parameters can be set on a single line by separating them with
46a semicolon. For example:
47<BR><PRE>
48staffs=2 ; key=2&amp; ; time=2/4
49</PRE><BR>
50</P>
51<P>
52Parameters can be unset in staff or voice context using
53<BR><PRE>
54<B>unset</B><I> parameter_name</I>
55</PRE><BR>
56Unsetting a parameter in staff context will cause it
57to revert to its value in score context (unless overridden in voice context).
58Unsetting a parameter in voice context will cause it
59to revert to its value in staff context if that is set,
60otherwise to its value in score context.
61</P>
62<P>
63The parameters are listed below in alphabetical order. For each,
64the description includes the parameter's name,
65legal values, default value, and contexts in which the parameter can be
66set, along with an example of its usage.
67If there are other related parameters, they are referenced as well.
68</P>
69<H2>Index of parameters</H2>
70<A HREF="param.html#indexA">A</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexB">B</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexC">C</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexD">D</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexE">E</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexF">F</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexG">G</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexK">K</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexL">L</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexM">M</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexN">N</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexO">O</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexP">P</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexR">R</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexS">S</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexT">T</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexU">U</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexV">V</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexW">W</A> <H3><A NAME="indexA">A</A></H3><BR>
71<A HREF="param.html#aboveord">aboveorder</A><BR>
72<A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose</A><BR>
73<H3><A NAME="indexB">B</A></H3><BR>
74<A HREF="param.html#barstyle">barstyle</A><BR>
75<A HREF="param.html#beamslp">beamslope</A><BR>
76<A HREF="param.html#beamstyl">beamstyle</A><BR>
77<A HREF="param.html#beloword">beloworder</A><BR>
78<A HREF="param.html#betwnord">betweenorder</A><BR>
79<A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin</A><BR>
80<A HREF="param.html#brace">brace</A><BR>
81<A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket</A><BR>
82<H3><A NAME="indexC">C</A></H3><BR>
83<A HREF="param.html#canclkey">cancelkey</A><BR>
84<A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist</A><BR>
85<A HREF="param.html#clef">clef</A><BR>
86<A HREF="param.html#cresdist">crescdist</A><BR>
87<H3><A NAME="indexD">D</A></H3><BR>
88<A HREF="param.html#defoct">defoct</A><BR>
89<A HREF="param.html#dist">dist</A><BR>
90<A HREF="param.html#division">division</A><BR>
91<A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist</A><BR>
92<H3><A NAME="indexE">E</A></H3><BR>
93<A HREF="param.html#endingst">endingstyle</A><BR>
94<H3><A NAME="indexF">F</A></H3><BR>
95<A HREF="param.html#firstpg">firstpage</A><BR>
96<A HREF="param.html#font">font</A><BR>
97<A HREF="param.html#fontfam">fontfamily</A><BR>
98<H3><A NAME="indexG">G</A></H3><BR>
99<A HREF="param.html#gridfret">gridfret</A><BR>
100<A HREF="param.html#gridend">gridsatend</A><BR>
101<A HREF="param.html#gridscl">gridscale</A><BR>
102<A HREF="param.html#gridused">gridswhereused</A><BR>
103<H3><A NAME="indexK">K</A></H3><BR>
104<A HREF="param.html#key">key</A><BR>
105<H3><A NAME="indexL">L</A></H3><BR>
106<A HREF="param.html#label">label</A><BR>
107<A HREF="param.html#label2">label2</A><BR>
108<A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin</A><BR>
109<A HREF="param.html#lyralign">lyricsalign</A><BR>
110<A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont</A><BR>
111<A HREF="param.html#lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily</A><BR>
112<A HREF="param.html#lyrsize">lyricssize</A><BR>
113<H3><A NAME="indexM">M</A></H3><BR>
114<A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum</A><BR>
115<A HREF="param.html#mnumfont">measnumfont</A><BR>
116<A HREF="param.html#mnumfam">measnumfontfamily</A><BR>
117<A HREF="param.html#mnumsize">measnumsize</A><BR>
118<H3><A NAME="indexN">N</A></H3><BR>
119<A HREF="param.html#notehead">noteheads</A><BR>
120<A HREF="param.html#nummrpt">numbermrpt</A><BR>
121<H3><A NAME="indexO">O</A></H3><BR>
122<A HREF="param.html#ontheline">ontheline</A><BR>
123<H3><A NAME="indexP">P</A></H3><BR>
124<A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp</A><BR>
125<A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact</A><BR>
126<A HREF="param.html#pad">pad</A><BR>
127<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A><BR>
128<A HREF="param.html#pgsize">pagesize</A><BR>
129<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A><BR>
130<A HREF="param.html#panels">panelsperpage</A><BR>
131<A HREF="param.html#pedstyle">pedstyle</A><BR>
132<A HREF="param.html#prmultn">printmultnum</A><BR>
133<H3><A NAME="indexR">R</A></H3><BR>
134<A HREF="param.html#rehstyle">rehstyle</A><BR>
135<A HREF="param.html#release">release</A><BR>
136<A HREF="param.html#restcomb">restcombine</A><BR>
137<A HREF="param.html#restsymm">restsymmult</A><BR>
138<A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin</A><BR>
139<H3><A NAME="indexS">S</A></H3><BR>
140<A HREF="param.html#scale">scale</A><BR>
141<A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad</A><BR>
142<A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep</A><BR>
143<A HREF="param.html#size">size</A><BR>
144<A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines</A><BR>
145<A HREF="param.html#staffpad">staffpad</A><BR>
146<A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs</A><BR>
147<A HREF="param.html#stscale">staffscale</A><BR>
148<A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep</A><BR>
149<A HREF="param.html#stemlen">stemlen</A><BR>
150<A HREF="param.html#sshorten">stemshorten</A><BR>
151<A HREF="param.html#swing">swingunit</A><BR>
152<A HREF="param.html#sylpos">sylposition</A><BR>
153<H3><A NAME="indexT">T</A></H3><BR>
154<A HREF="param.html#tabwhite">tabwhitebox</A><BR>
155<A HREF="param.html#time">time</A><BR>
156<A HREF="param.html#timeunit">timeunit</A><BR>
157<A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin</A><BR>
158<A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose</A><BR>
159<H3><A NAME="indexU">U</A></H3><BR>
160<A HREF="param.html#units">units</A><BR>
161<H3><A NAME="indexV">V</A></H3><BR>
162<A HREF="param.html#vcombine">vcombine</A><BR>
163<A HREF="param.html#visible">visible</A><BR>
164<A HREF="param.html#vscheme">vscheme</A><BR>
165<H3><A NAME="indexW">W</A></H3><BR>
166<A HREF="param.html#warn">warn</A><BR>
167
168<HR>
169<H2>
170<A NAME="aboveord">aboveorder</A>
171</H2><P>
172specify in what order to stack items that are printed above a staff.
173The value is a comma-separated list of all the types of things that
174can be printed above a staff. Items are stacked in the order listed,
175starting from just above the staff and working upward.
176If you want several types to be handled as a single
177category, with all types in the category
178having the same stacking priority, separate
179them with an ampersand rather than a comma. The ampersand cannot
180be used with lyrics, ending, or reh. The dyn category applies to
181crescendo and decrescendo marks (from &quot;&lt;&quot; and &quot;&gt;&quot; statements)
182as well as text with the dyn modifier.
183The chord category applies to text with chord, analysis, or figbass
184modifiers. The othertext category applies to rom, bold, ital, and
185boldital items that do not have a chord, analysis, figbass, or dyn modifier.
186If you omit any categories, they will be stacked last, in their default order.
187</P>
188<P><B>Value: </B>
189<A HREF="mussym.html">mussym,</A>
190<A HREF="octave.html">octave,</A>
191<A HREF="textmark.html#chordmod">dyn, othertext, chord,</A>
192<A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics,</A>
193<A HREF="bars.html#endings">ending,</A>
194<A HREF="bars.html#reh">reh</A>
195</P>
196<P><B>Default value: </B>
197mussym, octave, dyn &amp; othertext &amp; chord, lyrics, ending, reh
198</P>
199<P><B>Context: </B>
200score, staff
201</P>
202<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
203aboveorder = mussym, lyrics, dyn, octave, othertext, chord, ending, reh
204</P>
205<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
206<A HREF="param.html#beloword">beloworder,</A>
207<A HREF="param.html#betwnord">betweenorder,</A>
208<A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
209<A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
210<A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist</A>
211</P>
212<HR>
213<H2>
214<A NAME="addxpose">addtranspose</A>
215</H2><P>
216specify by what additional interval to transpose the music data.
217There is another parameter called just
218<A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose.</A>
219Typically you would use the transpose parameter to change the key of
220individual staffs (for transposing instruments), and then use the
221addtranspose parameter if you want to change the key of the entire score.
222But either of these parameters can be used either way.
223In any case, for each staff, and for the score, the values of
224transpose and addtranspose are &quot;added&quot; to find the transposition
225for that staff or score.
226The interval can be
227larger than an octave, but must be a valid interval (e.g., there is no
228such thing as a perfect 6th). It is an error to specify a transposition value
229which would result in a key signature with more than 7 flats or sharps.
230It is also an error if transposition would result in a note requiring a
231triple sharp or triple flat.
232</P>
233<P><B>Value: </B>
234the word &quot;up&quot; or &quot;down,&quot; followed by an interval and a whole number greater than 0.
235The interval is one of major, minor, augmented, diminished, or perfect.
236The intervals can be abbreviated to their first 3 letters (maj,
237min, aug, dim, or per).
238The
239<A HREF="trnspose.html">section on transposition</A>
240lists transposition intervals and gives further details.
241Depending on which key signature you are
242transposing from, some transposition intervals may not work because they
243result in more than 7 flats or sharps.
244</P>
245<P><B>Default value: </B>
246up perfect 1 (i.e., no transposition)
247</P>
248<P><B>Context: </B>
249score, staff
250</P>
251<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
252addtranspose = down major 3
253<BR>
254addtranspose = up perfect 5
255</P>
256<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
257<A HREF="param.html#key">key,</A>
258<A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose</A>
259</P>
260<HR>
261<H2>
262<A NAME="barstyle">barstyle</A>
263</H2><P>
264specifies which staffs are to have their bar lines connected together.
265When drawing bar lines, a continuous vertical line will be drawn from
266the top line of the top staff in a range to the bottom line of the bottom
267staff of the range.
268Any staff not listed will be barred by itself, with the bar line spanning
269only the height of the staff.
270</P>
271<P><B>Value: </B>
272a comma-separated list of staff numbers and/or ranges of staff numbers.
273Staff numbers can be from 1 to the value of the
274<A HREF="param.html#staffs">"staffs" parameter.</A>
275A range is a pair of numbers separated by a dash.
276A given staff number can be specified only once,
277and there can be no overlapping between ranges.
278</P>
279<P><B>Default value: </B>
280each visible staff barred individually
281</P>
282<P><B>Context: </B>
283score
284</P>
285<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
286barstyle = 1-2, 5-8
287</P>
288<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
289<A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs,</A>
290<A HREF="param.html#visible">visible</A>
291</P>
292<HR>
293<H2>
294<A NAME="beamslp">beamslope</A>
295</H2><P>
296allows you to control the slope of beams.
297Two values must be given, separated by a comma.
298Mup calculates an appropriate slope for beams by applying a linear
299regression algorithm that uses the positions of the note heads within
300the beam. The first value supplied for the beamslope parameter
301is a factor by which to multiply the default slope that Mup calculates.
302The minimum value of 0.0 would cause all beams to be horizontal,
303whereas the maximum value of 1.0 will use the slope Mup calculates.
304Intermediate values will yield beams that are less slanted than the
305default slope calculation. The second value given to the beamslope parameter
306is the maximum angle for the beam, in degrees.
307If the originally calculated value multiplied by the
308factor yields an angle of greater than this maximum angle,
309the maximum angle will be used.
310<A HREF="ichdattr.html#crossbm">Cross-staff beams that are between staffs</A>
311are allowed to have a slope up to 1.4 times the value
312of the slope of the maximum angle, since they face more constraints.
313The slope can be overridden on a particular beam by specifying a
314<A HREF="ichdattr.html#slope">slope as an interchord attribute</A>
315on the first chord of the beamed set.
316</P>
317<P><B>Value: </B>
3180.0 to 1.0 for the factor, and 0.0 to 45.0 for the maximum angle
319</P>
320<P><B>Default value: </B>
3211.0, 20.0
322</P>
323<P><B>Context: </B>
324score, staff, voice
325</P>
326<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
327beamslope=0.8,20
328</P>
329<HR>
330<H2>
331<A NAME="beamstyl">beamstyle</A>
332</H2><P>
333specifies how to beam eighth notes or shorter. It is specified
334as a list of time values. Any number of notes up to each time value
335will be beamed together. For example, in 4/4 time, with beamstyle=4,4,4,4
336each quarter note worth of shorter notes would be beamed together.
337However, beams would not span across beats. As another example, for an input
338of 4.; 8; 8; 4.; the two eighth notes
339would not be beamed together, because they span beats. If beamstyle
340had been specified as 4,2,4 then the eighth notes would be beamed.
341Normally, beams also end whenever a rest or space is encountered.
342However, if an &quot;r&quot; is placed at the end of the list of time values,
343Mup will beams across rests of less than quarter note duration.
344Similarly, if an &quot;s&quot; is placed at the end of the list,
345Mup will beam across spaces of less than quarter note duration.
346You can specify both r and s in either order.
347It is possible to specify subbeams, or secondary groupings within a beam,
348by enclosing a list of time values in parentheses. In this case,
349the outer beam extends for the sum of the values in the parentheses,
350while inner beams extend only for the individual values within the parentheses.
351For example, if you set
352beamstyle=(4,4),(4,4) and then have a measure that consists of all 16th notes,
353the first 8 notes would be connected by an outer beam, as would the last 8
354notes, but the second (inner) beams would cover only 4 notes each.
355The parentheses cannot be nested.
356It is possible to override this default beaming style within a specific
357measure. See the section on
358<A HREF="ichdattr.html#custbeam">Custom Beaming</A>
359for examples of how to obtain various kinds of beaming.
360The value of the beamstyle parameter is remembered for
361any later changes back to the same time signature.
362In other words, if you set the value of the
363<A HREF="param.html#time">time parameter</A>
364and the beamstyle parameter in the same context, then later set only
365the time, the beamstyle that you had set earlier
366will be used again.
367</P>
368<P><B>Value: </B>
369a comma-separated list of time values that add up to a measure. Time values
370are specified as 4 for a quarter note, 2 for half note, etc, and
371can be dotted if necessary, or an expression with added and/or subtracted
372times. The list can optionally be followed by an &quot;r&quot;
373to indicate beams should span rests.
374It can optionally be followed by &quot;s&quot; to indicate beams should span spaces.
375Two or more of the time values may be enclosed in parentheses, to indicate
376sub-groupings of inner (secondary) beams within outer (primary) beams.
377If the value is empty, automatic beaming is turned off.
378</P>
379<P><B>Default value: </B>
380no beams; each note of eighth or shorter duration is individually flagged.
381</P>
382<P><B>Context: </B>
383score, staff, and voice
384</P>
385<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
386beamstyle = 4,4,4,4
387<BR>
388beamstyle = 2.
389<BR>
390beamstyle=4+16, 4+16
391<BR>
392beamstyle = 2, 2 rs // beam across rests and spaces
393<BR>
394beamstyle = (4., 4., 4.) // one outer beam per measure,
395<BR>
396 // with inner beams broken at each dotted quarter duration
397<BR>
398beamstyle = // turn off beaming
399</P>
400<HR>
401<H2>
402<A NAME="beloword">beloworder</A>
403</H2><P>
404specify in what order to stack items that are printed below a staff.
405The value is a comma-separated list of all the types of things that
406can be printed below a staff. Items are stacked in the order listed,
407starting from just below the staff and working downward.
408If you want several types to be handled as a single
409category, with all types in the category
410having the same stacking priority, separate
411them with an ampersand rather than a comma. The ampersand cannot
412be used with lyrics or pedal. The dyn category applies to
413crescendo and decrescendo marks (from &quot;&lt;&quot; and &quot;&gt;&quot; statements)
414as well as text with the dyn modifier.
415The chord category applies to text with chord, analysis, or figbass
416modifiers. The othertext category applies to rom, bold, ital, and
417boldital items that do not have a chord, analysis, figbass, or dyn modifier.
418If you omit any categories, they will be stacked last, in their default order.
419</P>
420<P><B>Value: </B>
421<A HREF="mussym.html">mussym,</A>
422<A HREF="octave.html">octave,</A>
423<A HREF="textmark.html#chordmod">dyn, othertext, chord,</A>
424<A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics,</A>
425<A HREF="pedal.html">pedal</A>
426</P>
427<P><B>Default value: </B>
428mussym, octave, dyn &amp; othertext &amp; chord, lyrics, pedal
429</P>
430<P><B>Context: </B>
431score, staff
432</P>
433<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
434beloworder = mussym, lyrics, dyn, octave, othertext, chord, pedal
435</P>
436<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
437<A HREF="param.html#aboveord">aboveorder,</A>
438<A HREF="param.html#betwnord">betweenorder,</A>
439<A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
440<A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
441<A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist</A>
442</P>
443<HR>
444<H2>
445<A NAME="betwnord">betweenorder</A>
446</H2><P>
447specify in what order to stack items that are printed between two staffs.
448The value is a comma-separated list of all the types of things that
449can be printed between staffs. Items are stacked in the order listed,
450starting from a baseline and working upward.
451If you want several types to be handled as a single
452category, with all types in the category
453having the same stacking priority, separate
454them with an ampersand rather than a comma. The ampersand cannot
455be used with lyrics. The dyn category applies to
456crescendo and decrescendo marks (from &quot;&lt;&quot; and &quot;&gt;&quot; statements)
457as well as text with the dyn modifier.
458The chord category applies to text with chord, analysis, or figbass
459modifiers. The othertext category applies to rom, bold, ital, and
460boldital items that do not have a chord, analysis, figbass, or dyn modifier.
461If you omit any categories, they will be stacked last, in their default order.
462</P>
463<P><B>Value: </B>
464<A HREF="mussym.html">mussym,</A>
465<A HREF="textmark.html#chordmod">dyn, othertext, chord,</A>
466<A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics,</A>
467</P>
468<P><B>Default value: </B>
469mussym, dyn &amp; othertext &amp; chord, lyrics
470</P>
471<P><B>Context: </B>
472score, staff
473</P>
474<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
475betweenorder = mussym, lyrics, dyn &amp; othertext, chord
476</P>
477<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
478<A HREF="param.html#aboveord">aboveorder,</A>
479<A HREF="param.html#beloword">beloworder,</A>
480<A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
481<A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
482<A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist</A>
483</P>
484<HR>
485<H2>
486<A NAME="botmar">bottommargin</A>
487</H2><P>
488sets the amount of white space margin to put at the bottom of each page.
489It is specified in inches if the
490<A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
491is set to inches, or in centimeters if the units parameter is set to cm.
492This parameter can only be specified before any music or
493<A HREF="prnttext.html#block">block input.</A>
494Margins are unaffected by
495<A HREF="param.html#scale">the "scale" parameter.</A>
496The parameter name can be abbreviated to just &quot;botmargin&quot; if you wish.
497</P>
498<P><B>Value: </B>
4990.0 to pageheight minus 0.5 inches
500</P>
501<P><B>Default value: </B>
5020.5 inches
503</P>
504<P><B>Context: </B>
505score
506</P>
507<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
508bottommargin = 0.8
509</P>
510<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
511<A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
512<A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
513<A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin</A>
514<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A>
515<A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
516</P>
517<HR>
518<H2>
519<A NAME="brace">brace</A>
520</H2><P>
521specifies which staffs are to be grouped together with a brace to the left
522of the score. If there is a string given in parentheses, that string
523will be used as the label to print on the next score,
524left of the bracket at its vertical center.
525If there is a second string,
526that will be used as the label for succeeding scores.
527</P>
528<P><B>Value: </B>
529a comma-separated list of staffs and/or staff ranges, each optionally followed
530by one or two double-quoted strings enclosed in parentheses.
531If there are two strings, they are separated by a comma.
532Staff numbers can range from 1 to the value of
533<A HREF="param.html#staffs">the "staffs" parameter.</A>
534A given staff number can be specified only once,
535and there can be no overlapping between ranges.
536Giving no value will result in no braces on any staffs.
537</P>
538<P><B>Default value: </B>
539no staffs are grouped by braces.
540</P>
541<P><B>Context: </B>
542score
543</P>
544<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
545brace = 3-4
546<BR>
547brace = 1, 2-3, 4, 5-6
548<BR>
549brace = 1-2 (&quot;piano&quot;), 3 (&quot;cello&quot;)
550<BR>
551brace = 1-2 (&quot;Primo&quot;, &quot;I&quot;)
552<BR>
553brace = // no braces at all (the default)
554</P>
555<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
556<A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
557<A HREF="param.html#label">label,</A>
558<A HREF="param.html#label2">label2,</A>
559<A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs</A>
560</P>
561<HR>
562<H2>
563<A NAME="bracket">bracket</A>
564</H2><P>
565specifies which staffs are to be grouped together with a bracket to the left
566of the score. If there is a string given in parentheses, that string
567will be used as the label to print on the next score,
568left of the bracket at its vertical center.
569If there is a second string,
570that will be used as the label for succeeding scores.
571</P>
572<P><B>Value: </B>
573a comma-separated list of staffs and/or staff ranges, each optionally followed
574by one or two double-quoted strings enclosed in parentheses.
575If there are two strings, they are separated by a comma.
576Staff numbers can range from 1 to the value of
577<A HREF="param.html#staffs">the "staffs" parameter.</A>
578A bracket range can overlap another bracket range, as long as one range
579is a proper subset of the other.
580Giving no value will result in no brackets on any staffs.
581</P>
582<P><B>Default value: </B>
583no staffs are grouped by brackets.
584</P>
585<P><B>Context: </B>
586score
587</P>
588<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
589bracket = 6-7
590<BR>
591bracket = 17, 21-23
592<BR>
593bracket = 8-9 (&quot;SATB&quot;)
594<BR>
595bracket = 10-12 (&quot;Strings&quot;, &quot;Str&quot;)
596<BR>
597bracket = // no brackets at all (the default)
598</P>
599<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
600<A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
601<A HREF="param.html#label">label,</A>
602<A HREF="param.html#label2">label2,</A>
603<A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs</A>
604</P>
605<HR>
606<H2>
607<A NAME="canclkey">cancelkey</A>
608</H2><P>
609When set to <B>y</B>, when a key changes, any sharps or flats in the
610previous key that are not part of the new key will be canceled by printing
611natural signs, before printing the new key signature. When
612set to <B>n</B>, the naturals will only be printed if the new key has no
613sharps or flats.
614</P>
615<P><B>Value: </B>
616<B>y</B> or <B>n</B>
617</P>
618<P><B>Default value: </B>
619n
620</P>
621<P><B>Context: </B>
622score, staff
623</P>
624<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
625cancelkey=y
626</P>
627<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
628<A HREF="param.html#key">key</A>
629</P>
630<HR>
631<H2>
632<A NAME="chdist">chorddist</A>
633</H2><P>
634sets minimum distance from staff to place chords. When
635chord marks are printed, they will be placed
636no closer to the staff than the value
637of this parameter. This can be used to reduce the ragged effect of having
638some chord marks much higher than others, because other things were in
639their way.
640If a specific chord mark has to be
641moved farther away than this parameter to avoid running into something,
642that will still happen,
643but any others will come out at the level specified by this parameter.
644This parameter may be overridden on specific items. The section on
645<A HREF="stuff.html">tempo, dynamic marks, ornaments, etc.</A>
646gives details on how to do this.
647</P>
648<P><B>Value: </B>
649a whole number between 0 and 50 inclusive, given in stepsizes.
650</P>
651<P><B>Default value: </B>
6523
653</P>
654<P><B>Context: </B>
655score, staff
656</P>
657<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
658chorddist = 4
659</P>
660<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
661<A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist,</A>
662<A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
663<A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
664<A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep</A>
665</P>
666<HR>
667<H2>
668<A NAME="clef">clef</A>
669</H2><P>
670sets the clef to use.
671Changing a clef may also change the default octave
672<A HREF="param.html#defoct">(see the "defoct" parameter below).</A>
673</P>
674<P><B>Value: </B>
675treble, treble8, 8treble, frenchviolin, soprano, mezzosoprano,
676alto, tenor, baritone or bass.
677The treble8 clef looks like a treble clef with an 8 below it,
678and refers to notes that are an octave lower than a normal treble clef.
679The 8treble clef looks like a treble clef with an 8 above it,
680and refers to notes that are an octave higher than a normal treble clef.
681If the
682<A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines parameter</A>
683includes the &quot;drum&quot;
684keyword, then the value of this clef parameter is
685only used for determining the placement of notes on the staff, with the
686drum (or &quot;neutral&quot;) clef actually printed.
687Clef can be changed in
688<A HREF="midmeas.html">the middle of a measure</A>
689using a construct like &lt;&lt;staff clef=bass&gt;&gt; before a note group.
690</P>
691<P><B>Default value: </B>
692treble
693</P>
694<P><B>Context: </B>
695score, staff
696</P>
697<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
698clef = alto
699</P>
700<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
701<A HREF="param.html#defoct">defoct,</A>
702<A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines</A>
703</P>
704<HR>
705<H2>
706<A NAME="cresdist">crescdist</A>
707</H2><P>
708This parameter is obsolete; it has been replaced by
709<A HREF="param.html#dyndist">the dyndist parameter.</A>
710</P>
711<HR>
712<H2>
713<A NAME="defoct">defoct</A>
714</H2><P>
715sets the default octave for any note
716which does not have an explicit octave specified.
717An octave goes from C up to the next B, with octave 4 being the octave
718beginning on middle C.
719If the clef is changed on a staff, the default octave
720is changed to match the new clef.
721defoct can be changed in
722<A HREF="midmeas.html">the middle of a measure</A>
723using a construct like &lt;&lt;staff defoct=5&gt;&gt; before a note group.
724</P>
725<P><B>Value: </B>
726a number from 0 to 9 inclusive. Octave 4 is the octave beginning at middle C.
727</P>
728<P><B>Default value: </B>
729the octave containing the note represented by the middle line of the staff
730given the current
731<A HREF="param.html#clef">clef.</A>
732(Octave 5 for frenchviolin and 8treble;
733octave 4 for treble, soprano, mezzosoprano, and
734alto clefs; octave 3 for treble8, tenor, baritone and bass clefs).
735</P>
736<P><B>Context: </B>
737score, staff, voice
738</P>
739<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
740defoct = 3
741</P>
742<HR>
743<H2>
744<A NAME="dist">dist</A>
745</H2><P>
746sets minimum distance from staff to place
747<A HREF="textmark.html">rom, bold, ital, and boldital items,</A>
748and
749<A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal marks.</A>
750When these items are printed,
751they will be placed no closer to the staff than the value
752of this parameter. This can be used to reduce the ragged effect of having
753some items much higher than others, because other things were in their way.
754If a specific item has to be
755moved farther away than this parameter to avoid running into something,
756that will still happen,
757but any others will come out at the level specified by this parameter.
758If an item is also a chord,
759<A HREF="param.html#chdist">the chorddist parameter</A>
760will be used instead of dist.
761This parameter may be overridden on specific items. The sections on
762<A HREF="stuff.html">tempo, dynamic marks, ornaments, etc.</A>
763and on
764<A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal marks</A>
765give details on how to do this.
766</P>
767<P><B>Value: </B>
768a whole number between 0 and 50 inclusive, given in stepsizes.
769</P>
770<P><B>Default value: </B>
7712
772</P>
773<P><B>Context: </B>
774score, staff
775</P>
776<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
777dist = 6
778</P>
779<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
780<A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
781<A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist,</A>
782<A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
783<A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep</A>
784</P>
785<HR>
786<H2>
787<A NAME="division">division</A>
788</H2><P>
789sets
790<A HREF="midi.html">MIDI</A>
791division (number of clock ticks per quarter note). This typically
792has a value of 192 or 384.
793This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
794</P>
795<P><B>Value: </B>
7961 to 1536
797</P>
798<P><B>Default value: </B>
799192
800</P>
801<P><B>Context: </B>
802score
803</P>
804<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
805division = 384
806</P>
807<HR>
808<H2>
809<A NAME="dyndist">dyndist</A>
810</H2><P>
811sets minimum distance from staff to place
812<A HREF="cres.html">crescendo and decrescendo marks.</A>
813and text that is marked &quot;dyn.&quot;
814When these items are printed,
815they will be placed no closer to the staff than the value
816of this parameter. This can be used to reduce the ragged effect of having
817some items much higher than others, because other things were in their way.
818If a specific item has to be
819moved farther away than this parameter to avoid running into something,
820that will still happen,
821but any others will come out at the level specified by this parameter.
822This parameter may be overridden on specific items. The section on
823<A HREF="stuff.html">tempo, dynamic marks, ornaments, etc.</A>
824gives details on how to do this.
825</P>
826<P><B>Value: </B>
827a whole number between 0 and 50 inclusive, given in stepsizes.
828</P>
829<P><B>Default value: </B>
8302
831</P>
832<P><B>Context: </B>
833score, staff
834</P>
835<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
836dyndist = 4
837</P>
838<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
839<A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
840<A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
841<A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
842<A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep</A>
843</P>
844<HR>
845<H2>
846<A NAME="endingst">endingstyle</A>
847</H2><P>
848controls how
849<A HREF="bars.html#endings">first and second endings</A>
850are placed.
851This parameter also controls where
852<A HREF="param.html#measnum">measure numbers</A>
853and
854<A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal marks are placed.</A>
855A value of &quot;top&quot; means that the endings and similar marks
856will be shown only above the top
857<A HREF="param.html#visible">visible staff.</A>
858A value of &quot;barred&quot;
859means these marks will be shown above each set of staffs
860that is barred together. Each staff that is barred individually will also
861have the ending shown above it.
862<A HREF="param.html#barstyle">(See the "barstyle" parameter above.)</A>
863A value of &quot;grouped&quot; means the marks
864will be shown above the top visible
865staff of each range of staffs that are joined by a
866<A HREF="param.html#brace">brace</A>
867or
868<A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket.</A>
869In all cases, at least the top visible staff will
870have endings shown above it.
871</P>
872<P><B>Value: </B>
873top, barred, or grouped
874</P>
875<P><B>Default value: </B>
876top
877</P>
878<P><B>Context: </B>
879score
880</P>
881<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
882endingstyle = grouped
883</P>
884<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
885<A HREF="param.html#barstyle">barstyle,</A>
886<A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
887<A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
888<A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum,</A>
889<A HREF="param.html#rehstyle">rehstyle,</A>
890<A HREF="param.html#visible">visible</A>
891</P>
892<HR>
893<H2>
894<A NAME="firstpg">firstpage</A>
895</H2><P>
896specifies what to number the first page.
897This value can be overridden by the
898<A HREF="cmdargs.html#poption">-p command line option.</A>
899This parameter can only be set before any music or block input.
900</P>
901<P><B>Value: </B>
9021 to 5000
903</P>
904<P><B>Default value: </B>
9051
906</P>
907<P><B>Context: </B>
908score
909</P>
910<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
911firstpage = 12
912</P>
913<HR>
914<H2>
915<A NAME="font">font</A>
916</H2><P>
917specifies which font to use for
918<A HREF="prnttext.html">print, left, right, center, and title statements,</A>
919and
920<A HREF="chrdattr.html#withlist">"with" lists (i.e., strings that are associated with a particular chord).</A>
921</P>
922<P><B>Value: </B>
923rom, ital, bold, or boldital
924</P>
925<P><B>Default value: </B>
926rom
927</P>
928<P><B>Context: </B>
929score, staff, header, footer, header2, footer2, top, bottom, top2, bottom2, block
930</P>
931<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
932font = boldital
933</P>
934<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
935<A HREF="param.html#fontfam">fontfamily,</A>
936<A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont,</A>
937<A HREF="param.html#lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily,</A>
938<A HREF="param.html#size">size</A>
939</P>
940<HR>
941<H2>
942<A NAME="fontfam">fontfamily</A>
943</H2><P>
944specifies what font family to use for
945<A HREF="prnttext.html">print, left, right, center, and title statements</A>
946and
947<A HREF="chrdattr.html#withlist">"with" lists (i.e., strings that are associated with a particular chord).</A>
948</P>
949<P><B>Value: </B>
950avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, times
951</P>
952<P><B>Default value: </B>
953times
954</P>
955<P><B>Context: </B>
956score, staff, header, footer, header2, footer2, top, bottom, top2, bottom2, block
957</P>
958<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
959fontfamily=palatino
960</P>
961<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
962<A HREF="param.html#font">font,</A>
963<A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont,</A>
964<A HREF="param.html#lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily</A>
965</P>
966<HR>
967<H2>
968<A NAME="gridfret">gridfret</A>
969</H2><P>
970specifies when to print fret numbers on grids.
971Normally, the top line of
972a grid represents the nut. However, if the fingering for a chord is rather
973far up the neck, it is customary to have the top line of the grid represent
974some other fret, and print a fret number and &quot;fr&quot; next to the grid,
975showing the actual fret of the rightmost fret mark. This parameter controls
976when Mup begins using this alternate format. Whenever all the frets of
977a chord are greater than or equal to
978the value specified for this parameter, and there are no strings marked &quot;o&quot;,
979the &quot;fr&quot; notation is used. If no value is set for this parameter,
980the grid will just be made as tall
981as necessary to accommodate the chord's frets.
982</P>
983<P><B>Value: </B>
9842 to 99, or not set
985</P>
986<P><B>Default value: </B>
9874
988</P>
989<P><B>Context: </B>
990score, staff
991</P>
992<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
993gridfret = 3
994<BR>
995gridfret =
996</P>
997<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
998<A HREF="param.html#gridend">gridsatend,</A>
999<A HREF="param.html#gridscl">gridscale,</A>
1000<A HREF="param.html#gridused">gridswhereused,</A>
1001</P>
1002<HR>
1003<H2>
1004<A NAME="gridend">gridsatend</A>
1005</H2><P>
1006specifies whether to print guitar grids at the end of the song.
1007If set to &quot;y&quot;
1008grids for all of the chords used in the song will be printed.
1009</P>
1010<P><B>Value: </B>
1011y or n
1012</P>
1013<P><B>Default value: </B>
1014n
1015</P>
1016<P><B>Context: </B>
1017score
1018</P>
1019<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1020gridsatend = y
1021</P>
1022<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1023<A HREF="param.html#gridfret">gridfret,</A>
1024<A HREF="param.html#gridscl">gridscale,</A>
1025<A HREF="param.html#gridused">gridswhereused</A>
1026</P>
1027<HR>
1028<H2>
1029<A NAME="gridscl">gridscale</A>
1030</H2><P>
1031specifies how large to make grids, relative to their default size.
1032For example, a value of 0.5 will make them 1/2 their default size.
1033The default size for grids summarized at the end
1034of the song
1035<A HREF="param.html#gridend">(the gridsatend parameter)</A>
1036is larger than the default size for those printed with the music
1037<A HREF="param.html#gridused">(the gridswhereused parameter).</A>
1038</P>
1039<P><B>Value: </B>
10400.1 to 10.0
1041</P>
1042<P><B>Default value: </B>
10431.0
1044</P>
1045<P><B>Context: </B>
1046score, staff
1047</P>
1048<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1049gridscale = 0.5
1050</P>
1051<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1052<A HREF="param.html#gridend">gridsatend,</A>
1053<A HREF="param.html#gridfret">gridfret,</A>
1054<A HREF="param.html#gridused">gridswhereused,</A>
1055<A HREF="param.html#scale">scale,</A>
1056<A HREF="param.html#stscale">staffscale</A>
1057</P>
1058<HR>
1059<H2>
1060<A NAME="gridused">gridswhereused</A>
1061</H2><P>
1062specifies whether to print guitar grids along with chords
1063where they appear in the song. If set to &quot;y&quot; each
1064<A HREF="textmark.html#chordmod">text item with the chord modifier</A>
1065will have a grid printed below its name.
1066</P>
1067<P><B>Value: </B>
1068y or n
1069</P>
1070<P><B>Default value: </B>
1071n
1072</P>
1073<P><B>Context: </B>
1074score, staff
1075</P>
1076<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1077gridswhereused = y
1078</P>
1079<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1080<A HREF="param.html#gridfret">gridfret,</A>
1081<A HREF="param.html#gridend">gridsatend,</A>
1082<A HREF="param.html#gridscl">gridscale</A>
1083</P>
1084<HR>
1085<H2>
1086<A NAME="key">key</A>
1087</H2><P>
1088sets the key signature. This can be specified either by giving the
1089number of sharps (#) or flats (&amp;), or by giving the name of the key.
1090</P>
1091<P><B>Value: </B>
1092If using the number of sharps/flats format, the value is
1093a number from 0 to 7, followed by &quot;#&quot; or &quot;&amp;,&quot; optionally followed by &quot;major&quot;
1094or &quot;minor.&quot; 0&amp; and 0# are equivalent.
1095If using the name of the key, the value is a letter &quot;a&quot; through &quot;g,&quot;
1096optionally followed by a &quot;#&quot; or &quot;&amp;,&quot; optionally followed by &quot;major&quot; or &quot;minor.&quot;
1097The &quot;major&quot; and &quot;minor&quot; can be abbreviated to &quot;maj&quot; or &quot;min.&quot;
1098The &quot;major&quot; or &quot;minor&quot; is used for
1099<A HREF="midi.html">MIDI file</A>
1100purposes, and is optional; if omitted, it defaults to major.
1101If you wish to use a mode other than major or minor,
1102you have to specify the number of sharps or flats.
1103</P>
1104<P><B>Default value: </B>
1105c major
1106</P>
1107<P><B>Context: </B>
1108score, staff
1109</P>
1110<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1111key = 3&amp;
1112<BR>
1113key = 6#
1114<BR>
1115key = c# minor
1116<BR>
1117key = d major
1118</P>
1119<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1120<A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines,</A>
1121<A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose,</A>
1122<A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose</A>
1123</P>
1124<HR>
1125<H2>
1126<A NAME="label">label</A>
1127</H2><P>
1128specify a label to be printed to the left of the staff on the next
1129score. If there is also a
1130<A HREF="param.html#brace">brace</A>
1131or
1132<A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket</A>
1133label, that label will
1134be to the left of this label.
1135There is a
1136<A HREF="param.html#label2">label2</A>
1137parameter that is used on subsequent scores.
1138In addition to being used for the very first score of a song,
1139this label parameter might be used to clearly mark a change in instrumentation
1140or voices for a particular staff. The label2 would typically be changed at
1141the same time, giving a more abbreviated label. For example,
1142you might set label=&quot;Tenor/Bass&quot; and label2=&quot;TB&quot;
1143</P>
1144<P><B>Value: </B>
1145<A HREF="textstr.html">a text string</A>
1146enclosed in double quotes.
1147</P>
1148<P><B>Default value: </B>
1149enough spaces to produce an indent of 1/2 inch
1150</P>
1151<P><B>Context: </B>
1152score, staff
1153</P>
1154<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1155label = &quot;oboe&quot;
1156</P>
1157<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1158<A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
1159<A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
1160<A HREF="param.html#label">label2</A>
1161</P>
1162<HR>
1163<H2>
1164<A NAME="label2">label2</A>
1165</H2><P>
1166specify a label to be printed to the left of the staff on all scores after
1167the first. If there is also a
1168<A HREF="param.html#brace">brace</A>
1169or
1170<A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket</A>
1171label, that label will be to the left of this label.
1172If both the
1173<A HREF="param.html#label">label</A>
1174and label2 parameters are set at the same time,
1175the label value will be used for the immediately
1176following score, with the label2 value used for subsequent scores.
1177If however, after the first score, only the label2 is changed,
1178then the label2 value will be used on the immediately following score
1179as well as subsequent scores.
1180</P>
1181<P><B>Value: </B>
1182<A HREF="textstr.html">a text string</A>
1183enclosed in double quotes
1184</P>
1185<P><B>Default value: </B>
1186no label
1187</P>
1188<P><B>Context: </B>
1189score, staff
1190</P>
1191<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1192label2 = &quot;Solo&quot;
1193</P>
1194<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1195<A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
1196<A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
1197<A HREF="param.html#label">label</A>
1198</P>
1199<HR>
1200<H2>
1201<A NAME="leftmar">leftmargin</A>
1202</H2><P>
1203sets the amount of white space margin to put at the left side of each page.
1204It is specified in inches if the
1205<A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
1206is set to inches, or in centimeters if the units parameter is set to cm.
1207This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1208Margins are unaffected by
1209<A HREF="param.html#scale">the "scale" parameter.</A>
1210</P>
1211<P><B>Value: </B>
12120.0 to pagewidth minus 0.5 inches
1213</P>
1214<P><B>Default value: </B>
12150.5 inches
1216</P>
1217<P><B>Context: </B>
1218score
1219</P>
1220<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1221leftmargin = 0.3
1222</P>
1223<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1224<A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin,</A>
1225<A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
1226<A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin,</A>
1227<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth,</A>
1228<A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
1229</P>
1230<HR>
1231<H2>
1232<A NAME="lyralign">lyricsalign</A>
1233</H2><P>
1234specifies how to align lyric syllables with chords. Its value is the
1235proportion of each syllable to place to the left of the syllable's chord.
1236Thus for example, a value of 0.0 causes
1237the left edge of syllables to be aligned with
1238the chords, whereas a value of 0.5 causes syllables to be centered with
1239the chord, and 1.0 causes the right edge of the syllables to be aligned
1240with the chord.
1241</P>
1242<P><B>Value: </B>
12430.0 to 1.0
1244</P>
1245<P><B>Default value: </B>
12460.25
1247</P>
1248<P><B>Context: </B>
1249score, staff
1250</P>
1251<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1252lyricsalign = 0.1
1253</P>
1254<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1255<A HREF="param.html#sylpos">sylposition</A>
1256</P>
1257<HR>
1258<H2>
1259<A NAME="lyrfont">lyricsfont</A>
1260</H2><P>
1261sets which font to use for
1262<A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics.</A>
1263</P>
1264<P><B>Value: </B>
1265rom, ital, bold, boldital
1266</P>
1267<P><B>Default value: </B>
1268rom
1269</P>
1270<P><B>Context: </B>
1271score, staff
1272</P>
1273<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1274lyricsfont = ital
1275</P>
1276<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1277<A HREF="param.html#font">font,</A>
1278<A HREF="param.html#lyrsize">lyricssize</A>
1279</P>
1280<HR>
1281<H2>
1282<A NAME="lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily</A>
1283</H2><P>
1284specifies what font family to use for
1285<A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics.</A>
1286</P>
1287<P><B>Value: </B>
1288avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, times
1289</P>
1290<P><B>Default value: </B>
1291times
1292</P>
1293<P><B>Context: </B>
1294score, staff
1295</P>
1296<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1297lyricsfontfamily=helvetica
1298</P>
1299<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1300<A HREF="param.html#font">font,</A>
1301<A HREF="param.html#fontfam">fontfamily,</A>
1302<A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont</A>
1303</P>
1304<HR>
1305<H2>
1306<A NAME="lyrsize">lyricssize</A>
1307</H2><P>
1308sets point size to use for
1309<A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics.</A>
1310</P>
1311<P><B>Value: </B>
1312a number from 1 to 100
1313</P>
1314<P><B>Default value: </B>
131512
1316</P>
1317<P><B>Context: </B>
1318score, staff
1319</P>
1320<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1321lyricssize = 10
1322</P>
1323<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1324<A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont,</A>
1325<A HREF="param.html#lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily,</A>
1326<A HREF="param.html#size">size</A>
1327</P>
1328<HR>
1329<H2>
1330<A NAME="measnum">measnum</A>
1331</H2><P>
1332specifies whether or not to print measure numbers.
1333If set to &quot;y,&quot;
1334the current measure number will be printed at the beginning of each score
1335other than the first. The number will be printed above any scores that
1336would receive ending marks
1337<A HREF="param.html#endingst">(see "endingstyle" parameter).</A>
1338If set to &quot;n,&quot; no measure numbers will be printed.
1339This parameter does not affect
1340<A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal numbers, which are equal to measure numbers when "mnum" is used.</A>
1341</P>
1342<P><B>Value: </B>
1343y or n
1344</P>
1345<P><B>Default value: </B>
1346n
1347</P>
1348<P><B>Context: </B>
1349score
1350</P>
1351<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1352measnum = y
1353</P>
1354<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1355<A HREF="param.html#endingst">endingstyle,</A>
1356<A HREF="param.html#mnumfont">measnumfont,</A>
1357<A HREF="param.html#mnumfam">measnumfontfamily,</A>
1358<A HREF="param.html#mnumsize">measnumsize,</A>
1359<A HREF="param.html#rehstyle">rehstyle</A>
1360</P>
1361<HR>
1362<H2>
1363<A NAME="mnumfont">measnumfont</A>
1364</H2><P>
1365This specifies which font type to use for the automatic measure numbers,
1366if they are turned on via the
1367<A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum parameter.</A>
1368</P>
1369<P><B>Value: </B>
1370rom, ital, bold, or boldital
1371</P>
1372<P><B>Default value: </B>
1373rom
1374</P>
1375<P><B>Context: </B>
1376score
1377</P>
1378<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1379measnumfont=boldital
1380</P>
1381<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1382<A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum,</A>
1383<A HREF="param.html#mnumfam">measnumfontfamily,</A>
1384<A HREF="param.html#mnumsize">measnumsize</A>
1385</P>
1386<HR>
1387<H2>
1388<A NAME="mnumfam">measnumfontfamily</A>
1389</H2><P>
1390This specifies which font family to use for the automatic measure numbers,
1391if they are turned on via the
1392<A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum parameter.</A>
1393</P>
1394<P><B>Value: </B>
1395avantegarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentry, palatino, or times
1396</P>
1397<P><B>Default value: </B>
1398times
1399</P>
1400<P><B>Context: </B>
1401score
1402</P>
1403<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1404measnumfontfamily=helvetica
1405</P>
1406<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1407<A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum,</A>
1408<A HREF="param.html#mnumfont">measnumfont,</A>
1409<A HREF="param.html#mnumsize">measnumsize</A>
1410</P>
1411<HR>
1412<H2>
1413<A NAME="mnumsize">measnumsize</A>
1414</H2><P>
1415This specifies what size to use for the automatic measure numbers,
1416in points, if they are turned on via the
1417<A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum parameter.</A>
1418</P>
1419<P><B>Value: </B>
14201 to 100
1421</P>
1422<P><B>Default value: </B>
142311
1424</P>
1425<P><B>Context: </B>
1426score
1427</P>
1428<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1429measnumsize=15
1430</P>
1431<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1432<A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum,</A>
1433<A HREF="param.html#mnumfont">measnumfont,</A>
1434<A HREF="param.html#mnumfam">measnumfontfamily</A>
1435</P>
1436<HR>
1437<H2>
1438<A NAME="notehead">noteheads</A>
1439</H2><P>
1440The noteheads parameter describes which note head shape(s)
1441to use for each pitch in the scale.
1442If you want to use the same shape for all pitches,
1443as is the case with standard notation, the value is a string
1444containing a single shape name (e.g., &quot;norm&quot; for standard notation).
1445If you want to use different shapes for different pitches,
1446the noteheads parameter value is a string containing a list of 7 shape names.
1447They are listed in order starting from the &quot;tonic&quot;
1448of the major key as indicated by the number of sharps or flats in the
1449<A HREF="param.html#key">key signature.</A>
1450There are 10 pre-defined head shapes:
1451blank, diam, isostri, norm, pie, rect, righttri, semicirc, slash, and xnote.
1452Additional head shapes can be defined in the
1453<A HREF="shaped.html#hdshape">headshapes context.</A>
1454See the examples below for the most common settings for
1455this parameter. Head shape can be
1456<A HREF="shaped.html#chord">overridden on an individual chord</A>
1457by using [hs &quot;shapename&quot;]
1458before the chord. It can also be
1459<A HREF="shaped.html#note">overridden on an individual note</A>
1460by putting hs &quot;shapename&quot; after the note.
1461</P>
1462<P><B>Value: </B>
1463A string containing either 1 or 7 head shape names.
1464</P>
1465<P><B>Default value: </B>
1466&quot;norm&quot;
1467</P>
1468<P><B>Context: </B>
1469score, staff, voice
1470</P>
1471<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1472// This is the setting for the most common shaped note system using 4 shapes.
1473<BR>
1474noteheads = &quot;righttri norm rect righttri norm rect diam&quot;
1475<BR>
1476
1477// This is the setting for a shaped notes system that uses 7 different shapes.
1478<BR>
1479noteheads = &quot;isostri semicirc diam righttri norm rect pie&quot;
1480</P>
1481<HR>
1482<H2>
1483<A NAME="nummrpt">numbermrpt</A>
1484</H2><P>
1485If set to 'y'
1486<A HREF="chordinp.html#measdur">measure repeats</A>
1487are numbered; if set to 'n' they aren't.
1488</P>
1489<P><B>Value: </B>
1490y or n
1491</P>
1492<P><B>Default value: </B>
1493y
1494</P>
1495<P><B>Context: </B>
1496score, staff
1497</P>
1498<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1499numbermrpt = n
1500</P>
1501<HR>
1502<H2>
1503<A NAME="ontheline">ontheline</A>
1504</H2><P>
1505specifies whether notes for voices 1 and 2
1506on a 1-line staff are to be placed on the line.
1507If this is set to n, notes with stem up will be placed above the line
1508and notes with stem down will be placed below the line, otherwise both
1509will be placed on the line. For notes that don't have a stem, the rules
1510are applied using the direction the stem would be if there were a stem.
1511This parameter has no effect on
1512<A HREF="param.html#stlines">5-line staffs</A>
1513or
1514<A HREF="tabstaff.html">tablature staffs.</A>
1515Notes for voice 3 are always placed on the line on 1-line staffs,
1516regardless of the value of this parameter.
1517</P>
1518<P><B>Value: </B>
1519y or n
1520</P>
1521<P><B>Default value: </B>
1522y
1523</P>
1524<P><B>Context: </B>
1525score, staff, voice
1526</P>
1527<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1528ontheline=n
1529</P>
1530<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1531<A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines</A>
1532</P>
1533<HR>
1534<H2>
1535<A NAME="packexp">packexp</A>
1536</H2><P>
1537sets note expansion factor. This factor controls spacing of notes relative
1538to their time values. If set to 1.0, Mup will try to give a half note twice
1539as much space as a quarter note, a whole note twice as much as a half note,
1540etc. If set to 0.0, a chord's time value will have no impact on its placement.
1541Intermediate values will cause relative spacing
1542between the two extremes. Note that individual chords may get more space
1543than they would theoretically &quot;deserve&quot; if they happen to need extra space
1544to accommodate accidentals, dots, etc.
1545</P>
1546<P><B>Value: </B>
1547a number from 0.0 to 1.0 inclusive
1548</P>
1549<P><B>Default value: </B>
15500.8
1551</P>
1552<P><B>Context: </B>
1553score
1554</P>
1555<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1556packexp = 0.95
1557</P>
1558<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1559<A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact,</A>
1560<A HREF="param.html#pad">pad</A>
1561</P>
1562<HR>
1563<H2>
1564<A NAME="packfact">packfact</A>
1565</H2><P>
1566specifies how tightly to pack notes together on output. The smaller
1567the value, the more tightly notes are packed together.
1568</P>
1569<P><B>Value: </B>
1570a number from 0.0 to 10.0
1571</P>
1572<P><B>Default value: </B>
15731.0
1574</P>
1575<P><B>Context: </B>
1576score
1577</P>
1578<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1579packfact = 1.4
1580</P>
1581<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1582<A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp,</A>
1583<A HREF="param.html#pad">pad</A>
1584</P>
1585<HR>
1586<H2>
1587<A NAME="pad">pad</A>
1588</H2><P>
1589specifies the amount of padding to be added to notes.
1590This can be used to control how tightly things are packed together.
1591Especially if
1592<A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp</A>
1593and
1594<A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact</A>
1595are very small, notes can get placed very close together.
1596This parameter can be used to always force a minimum amount of space
1597between horizontally adjacent note groups.
1598A value of zero means notes will be allowed to just touch.
1599More positive values cause more space around notes.
1600A negative value will let things
1601actually overlap, so most people will probably never want to use a
1602negative value, but the option is there if you want to do something unusual.
1603This parameter works somewhat like
1604<A HREF="chrdattr.html#pad">the "pad" value that can be specified for individual note groups,</A>
1605except that it applies to all groups.
1606</P>
1607<P><B>Value: </B>
1608a floating point number of stepsizes, -5.0 to 50.0
1609</P>
1610<P><B>Default value: </B>
16110.3333
1612</P>
1613<P><B>Context: </B>
1614score, staff, voice
1615</P>
1616<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1617pad = 1.76
1618</P>
1619<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1620<A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp,</A>
1621<A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact</A>
1622</P>
1623<HR>
1624<H2>
1625<A NAME="pgheight">pageheight</A>
1626</H2><P>
1627Set the page height. If the
1628<A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
1629is inches, the value of pageheight is given in inches,
1630or if the units parameter is cm, it is given in centimeters.
1631This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1632If the
1633<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1634and pageheight parameters are set to values that match
1635a standard paper size in landscape mode, the Mup output will be rotated
1636to print properly in landscape mode.
1637</P>
1638<P><B>Value: </B>
16392.0 to 24.0 inches or 5.0 to 61.0 cm
1640</P>
1641<P><B>Default value: </B>
164211.0 inches
1643</P>
1644<P><B>Context: </B>
1645score
1646</P>
1647<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1648pageheight = 9
1649</P>
1650<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1651<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth,</A>
1652<A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin</A>
1653<A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin,</A>
1654<A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
1655</P>
1656<HR>
1657<H2>
1658<A NAME="pgsize">pagesize</A>
1659</H2><P>
1660Set the page size. This is just an alternate way of specifying
1661<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A>
1662and
1663<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1664using the common names for paper sizes rather than specifying in
1665<A HREF="param.html#units">inches or cm.</A>
1666An orientation (portrait or landscape) can also be specified;
1667the default is portrait.
1668This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1669</P>
1670<P><B>Value: </B>
1671letter, legal, flsa, halfletter, a4, a5, a6; optionally followed by
1672portrait or landscape.
1673</P>
1674<P><B>Default value: </B>
1675letter
1676</P>
1677<P><B>Context: </B>
1678score
1679</P>
1680<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1681pagesize = a4
1682<BR>
1683pagesize = legal landscape
1684</P>
1685<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1686<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
1687<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth,</A>
1688<A HREF="param.html#panels">panelsperpage</A>
1689</P>
1690<HR>
1691<H2>
1692<A NAME="pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1693</H2><P>
1694Set the page width. If the
1695<A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
1696is inches, the value of pagewidth is given in inches,
1697or if the units parameter is cm, it is given in centimeters.
1698This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1699If the pagewidth and
1700<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A>
1701parameters are set to values that match
1702a standard paper size in landscape mode, the Mup output will be rotated
1703to print properly in landscape mode.
1704</P>
1705<P><B>Value: </B>
17062.0 to 24.0 inches or 5.0 to 61.0 cm
1707</P>
1708<P><B>Default value: </B>
17098.5 inches
1710</P>
1711<P><B>Context: </B>
1712score
1713</P>
1714<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1715pagewidth = 6.5
1716</P>
1717<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1718<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
1719<A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
1720<A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
1721<A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
1722</P>
1723<HR>
1724<H2>
1725<A NAME="panels">panelsperpage</A>
1726</H2><P>
1727Specifies how many pages of music to print on each physical page.
1728This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1729Note that the
1730<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A>
1731and
1732<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1733parameters still apply to the physical paper size viewed in portrait mode,
1734even when the panelsperpage value causes the printing to be landscape mode,
1735so you should continue to leave those set as you normally would.
1736The
1737<A HREF="cmdargs.html#ooption">-o command line option</A>
1738may be useful for getting pages printed in desired order.
1739For example, to make a 4-page booklet from a single sheet of paper
1740folded in half, you can use panelsperpage=2, then use -o4,1 to print one side
1741of the paper, and -o2,3 to print the other side.
1742</P>
1743<P><B>Value: </B>
17441 or 2
1745</P>
1746<P><B>Default value: </B>
17471
1748</P>
1749<P><B>Context: </B>
1750score
1751</P>
1752<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1753panelsperpage=2
1754</P>
1755<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1756<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
1757<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1758</P>
1759<HR>
1760<H2>
1761<A NAME="pedstyle">pedstyle</A>
1762</H2><P>
1763Specifies whether to display
1764<A HREF="pedal.html">piano pedal marks</A>
1765with lines or with the word &quot;Ped&quot; and &quot;*&quot;.
1766With the &quot;pedstar&quot; style, a &quot;bounce&quot; of the pedal is shown by a &quot;* Ped&quot;
1767whereas with the &quot;alt pedstar&quot; style, only a &quot;Ped&quot; is printed.
1768</P>
1769<P><B>Value: </B>
1770line, pedstar, or alt pedstar
1771</P>
1772<P><B>Default value: </B>
1773line
1774</P>
1775<P><B>Context: </B>
1776score, staff
1777</P>
1778<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1779pedstyle = pedstar
1780</P>
1781<HR>
1782<H2>
1783<A NAME="prmultn">printmultnum</A>
1784</H2><P>
1785If set to 'y'
1786<A HREF="multirst.html">multirests</A>
1787are labeled with the number of measures of rest they represent;
1788if set to 'n' they aren't.
1789This would allow you to print some other commentary in place of the
1790number, print it in a different style, etc.
1791</P>
1792<P><B>Value: </B>
1793y or n
1794</P>
1795<P><B>Default value: </B>
1796y
1797</P>
1798<P><B>Context: </B>
1799score, staff
1800</P>
1801<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1802printmultnum = n
1803</P>
1804<HR>
1805<H2>
1806<A NAME="rehstyle">rehstyle</A>
1807</H2><P>
1808Specifies whether to enclose
1809<A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal marks</A>
1810inside box, inside a circle, or just as plain text.
1811</P>
1812<P><B>Value: </B>
1813boxed, circled, or plain
1814</P>
1815<P><B>Default value: </B>
1816boxed
1817</P>
1818<P><B>Context: </B>
1819score, staff
1820</P>
1821<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1822rehstyle = circled
1823</P>
1824<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1825<A HREF="param.html#endingst">endingstyle</A>
1826</P>
1827<HR>
1828<H2>
1829<A NAME="release">release</A>
1830</H2><P>
1831Specifies how soon (in milliseconds) before the full time value of note
1832to release the note when generating
1833<A HREF="midi.html">MIDI output.</A>
1834This controls how legato (smooth) the music is.
1835A value of 0 will make it very legato. The larger the value, the
1836more detached notes will be. This parameter specifies a
1837maximum amount to shorten notes; a note will never be shortened
1838to less than 75% of its full value.
1839release can be changed in
1840<A HREF="midmeas.html">the middle of a measure</A>
1841using a construct like &lt;&lt;score release=50&gt;&gt; before a note group.
1842</P>
1843<P><B>Value: </B>
18440 to 500
1845</P>
1846<P><B>Default value: </B>
184720
1848</P>
1849<P><B>Context: </B>
1850score, staff, voice
1851</P>
1852<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1853release = 40
1854</P>
1855<HR>
1856<H2>
1857<A NAME="restcomb">restcombine</A>
1858</H2><P>
1859If the given number of measures of rest occur in a row,
1860they will be replaced by a
1861<A HREF="multirst.html">multirest.</A>
1862This parameter can be overridden by the
1863-c command line option.
1864See the
1865<A HREF="cmdargs.html#coption">description of the -c option</A>
1866for more complete information on how the combining is done.
1867</P>
1868<P><B>Value: </B>
18692 to 1000 or nothing
1870</P>
1871<P><B>Default value: </B>
1872not set
1873</P>
1874<P><B>Context: </B>
1875score
1876</P>
1877<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1878restcombine = 5
1879<BR>
1880restcombine = // turn off combining
1881</P>
1882<HR>
1883<H2>
1884<A NAME="restsymm">restsymmult</A>
1885</H2><P>
1886Multi-rests are normally drawn as a horizontal line on the middle line
1887of the staff, with two vertical lines at the end. But there is an
1888alternate notation style that uses rest symbols (whole, double whole,
1889and quad whole) when the number of measures is short.
1890If this parameter is set to y, that alternate style will be used for
1891multirests of eight measures or less.
1892</P>
1893<P><B>Value: </B>
1894y or n
1895</P>
1896<P><B>Default value: </B>
1897n
1898</P>
1899<P><B>Context: </B>
1900score, staff
1901</P>
1902<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1903restsymmult = y
1904</P>
1905<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1906<A HREF="param.html#prmultn">printmultnum</A>
1907</P>
1908<HR>
1909<H2>
1910<A NAME="rightmar">rightmargin</A>
1911</H2><P>
1912sets the amount of white space margin to put at the right side of each page.
1913It is specified in inches if the
1914<A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
1915is set to inches, or in centimeters if the units parameter is set to cm.
1916This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1917Margins are unaffected by
1918<A HREF="param.html#scale">the "scale" parameter.</A>
1919</P>
1920<P><B>Value: </B>
19210.0 to pagewidth minus 0.5 inches
1922</P>
1923<P><B>Default value: </B>
19240.5 inches
1925</P>
1926<P><B>Context: </B>
1927score
1928</P>
1929<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1930rightmargin = 0.3
1931</P>
1932<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1933<A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin,</A>
1934<A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
1935<A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin,</A>
1936<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth,</A>
1937<A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
1938</P>
1939<HR>
1940<H2>
1941<A NAME="scale">scale</A>
1942</H2><P>
1943Scale the printed output by the specified factor. For example,
1944scale=2 prints everything twice as large as normal, while scale=0.5
1945prints everything at half size.
1946This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1947</P>
1948<P><B>Value: </B>
1949A number between 0.1 and 10.0
1950</P>
1951<P><B>Default value: </B>
19521.0
1953</P>
1954<P><B>Context: </B>
1955score
1956</P>
1957<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1958scale=0.95
1959</P>
1960<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1961<A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact,</A>
1962<A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp,</A>
1963<A HREF="param.html#stscale">staffscale</A>
1964</P>
1965<HR>
1966<H2>
1967<A NAME="scorepad">scorepad</A>
1968</H2><P>
1969sets the amount of padding (white space) to leave between scores,
1970accounting for all the things that protrude from both scores.
1971Either a single number, giving a minimum
1972amount, or two numbers, giving a minimum and maximum,
1973can be specified. They are specified in stepsizes.
1974If only the minimum is specified, and it is larger than the default
1975maximum of 2, the maximum will be adjusted to equal the minimum.
1976Depending on the setting of the
1977<A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep parameter,</A>
1978the maximum may be exceeded; see the description of
1979scoresep for how these parameters interact to determine the placement
1980of the scores.
1981If a negative value is specified for scorepad, some overlap may occur,
1982(subject to the interaction with scoresep).
1983Specifying a negative value may be particularly useful when things
1984protrude downward from the top score and upward from the bottom score,
1985but at different places horizontally, such that it is actually safe
1986to put the scores closer together without collision, even though Mup
1987can't tell that it is safe.
1988Note, however, that this overrides Mup's protection against real
1989collisions, so this must be used with care to avoid undesired overlaps.
1990</P>
1991<P><B>Value: </B>
1992one or two whole numbers, in the range from
1993negative the height of the page and the height of a page, in stepsizes.
1994If there are two numbers, they are separated by a comma, and the second
1995must be greater than or equal to the first.
1996</P>
1997<P><B>Default value: </B>
19982,2
1999</P>
2000<P><B>Context: </B>
2001score
2002</P>
2003<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2004scorepad = 5
2005<BR>
2006scorepad = -1
2007<BR>
2008scorepad = 3,10
2009</P>
2010<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2011<A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep,</A>
2012<A HREF="param.html#staffpad">staffpad,</A>
2013<A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep</A>
2014</P>
2015<HR>
2016<H2>
2017<A NAME="scoresep">scoresep</A>
2018</H2><P>
2019sets how much space to leave between scores;
2020i.e., between the bottom line of the
2021bottom staff of one score and the top line of the top staff of the
2022following score. Either a single number, giving a minimum
2023amount, or two numbers, giving a minimum and maximum,
2024can be specified. They are specified in stepsizes.
2025If only the minimum is specified, and it is larger than the default
2026maximum of 20, the maximum will be adjusted to equal the minimum.
2027Depending on the setting of the
2028<A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad parameter,</A>
2029the maximum may be exceeded.
2030The parameters interact as follows in determining the layout of a page:
2031As many scores are allocated to the page as will fit (or until
2032<A HREF="newscore.html">a "newpage" command</A>
2033is encountered). Initially, they are packed together
2034as tightly as they can be without violating
2035the minimum values of scorepad and scoresep between any neighboring scores.
2036Next, if there is extra space available at the bottom of the page,
2037the scores are spread out, increasing the white space between them, but
2038not increasing any beyond the maximum scorepad value.
2039(Some may however already be beyond the maximum scorepad value, because
2040the minimum scoresep value required it.)
2041This spreading is done without regard for the maximum scoresep value.
2042If any of the inter-score gaps start narrower than others
2043(because of the minimum scoresep), they are increased first, in an
2044attempt to even out the differences.
2045If the maximum scorepad value is reached or exceeded between all the scores,
2046and there is still extra space available at the bottom of the page,
2047then the scores are spread out some more, increasing the white space between
2048them, this time ignoring the scorepad values, but not increasing any
2049beyond the maximum scoresep value.
2050(Some may however already be beyond the maximum scoresep value, because
2051of the previous steps.)
2052If still not all the space is used up, it remains as extra space at the
2053bottom of the page.
2054</P>
2055<P><B>Value: </B>
2056one or two whole numbers, in the range from 6
2057to the height of the page in stepsizes.
2058If there are two numbers, they are separated by a comma, and the second
2059must be greater than or equal to the first.
2060</P>
2061<P><B>Default value: </B>
206212,20
2063</P>
2064<P><B>Context: </B>
2065score
2066</P>
2067<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2068scoresep = 25
2069<BR>
2070scoresep = 9,15
2071</P>
2072<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2073<A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
2074<A HREF="param.html#staffpad">staffpad,</A>
2075<A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep</A>
2076</P>
2077<HR>
2078<H2>
2079<A NAME="size">size</A>
2080</H2><P>
2081specifies what point size to use for text in
2082<A HREF="prnttext.html">print, title, left, right, and center statements,</A>
2083and
2084<A HREF="chrdattr.html#withlist">"with" lists (i.e., strings that are associated with a particular chord).</A>
2085</P>
2086<P><B>Value: </B>
2087a number from 1 to 100 inclusive
2088</P>
2089<P><B>Default value: </B>
209012
2091</P>
2092<P><B>Context: </B>
2093score, staff, header, footer, header2, footer2, top, bottom, top2, bottom2, block
2094</P>
2095<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2096size = 9
2097</P>
2098<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2099<A HREF="param.html#font">font,</A>
2100<A HREF="param.html#fontfam">fontfamily,</A>
2101<A HREF="param.html#lyrsize">lyricssize</A>
2102</P>
2103<HR>
2104<H2>
2105<A NAME="stlines">stafflines</A>
2106</H2><P>
2107specifies how many lines to draw for the staff. Normally, there are 5 lines
2108per staff, but a single line staff is sometimes used for percussion,
2109and tablature staffs for various instruments
2110may have different numbers of lines.
2111Setting this parameter to 1 will produce a single line staff.
2112The number of lines can be followed by &quot;n&quot; to indicate that
2113<A HREF="param.html#clef">clef</A>
2114and
2115<A HREF="param.html#key">key signature</A>
2116are not to be printed. The &quot;n&quot; also implies that accidentals are to
2117be ignored and that notes are never to be transposed.
2118If the number of lines is 1, the clef and
2119key signature are never printed,
2120regardless of whether or not you add the &quot;n,&quot; so the &quot;n&quot; is really only
2121meaningful when used with 5. When stafflines=1, you can only have one note
2122per chord, and the pitch of that note is irrelevant, except for
2123<A HREF="midi.html">MIDI output.</A>
2124Alternately, rather than specifying &quot;n&quot; you can specify &quot;drum&quot; which
2125means to use the drum clef (also sometimes called the &quot;neutral&quot; clef).
2126With the drum clef, no key signature is printed, accidentals are
2127ignored, and notes are never transposed. The value used for the
2128<A HREF="param.html#clef">clef parameter</A>
2129is used to determine the pitch for placement of notes in this case,
2130but the drum clef of two vertical lines is printed.
2131For a tablature staff, rather than specifying a number of staff lines as the
2132value, the keyword &quot;tab&quot; is used, optionally followed by a list of strings
2133in parentheses. The strings are listed in order from the top line of the
2134tablature staff to the bottom.
2135Each item in the list has at least a string pitch, which is
2136a letter from a to g, optionally followed by # or &amp;. If there is more than
2137one string having the same letter/accidental, they are distinguished by
2138adding one or more single quote marks (&quot;ticks&quot;). An octave number can also
2139be specified.
2140If the list of strings is omitted, standard guitar strings are used,
2141which is tab( e5 b4 g4 d4 a3 e'3 ).
2142Tablature can only be specified in staff context, not score or voice, and
2143when a tablature staff is specified, the staff above it becomes a &quot;tabnote&quot;
2144staff which is a normal 5-line staff containing music derived from the
2145tablature staff.
2146</P>
2147<P><B>Value: </B>
21481 or 5, optionally followed by &quot;n&quot; or &quot;drum&quot;;
2149or for tablature staff, the keyword &quot;tab&quot; optionally followed by a
2150list of strings, in parentheses.
2151Setting the stafflines parameter will also reinitialize other parameters:
2152<A HREF="param.html#key">key,</A>
2153<A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose,</A>
2154<A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose,</A>
2155<A HREF="param.html#clef">clef,</A>
2156<A HREF="param.html#beamstyl">beamstyle,</A>
2157and
2158<A HREF="param.html#defoct">defoct.</A>
2159</P>
2160<P><B>Default value: </B>
21615
2162</P>
2163<P><B>Context: </B>
2164score, staff
2165</P>
2166<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2167stafflines=1
2168<BR>
2169stafflines=5n
2170<BR>
2171stafflines = tab // standard guitar tablature staff
2172<BR>
2173stafflines = tab ( g3 d3 a2 e2 ) // standard bass guitar
2174<BR>
2175stafflines = tab (d# g b3 g'3)
2176</P>
2177<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2178<A HREF="param.html#clef">clef,</A>
2179<A HREF="param.html#key">key,</A>
2180<A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose,</A>
2181<A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose</A>
2182</P>
2183<HR>
2184<H2>
2185<A NAME="staffpad">staffpad</A>
2186</H2><P>
2187sets the minimum amount of space to leave between staffs,
2188accounting for all the things that protrude from both staffs.
2189If a negative value is specified, some overlap may occur, although
2190it will still be limited by the value of the
2191<A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep parameter.</A>
2192Specifying a negative value may be particularly useful when things
2193protrude downward from the top staff and upward from the bottom staff,
2194but at different places horizontally, such that it is actually safe
2195to put the staffs closer together without collision, even though Mup
2196can't tell that it is safe.
2197Note, however, that this overrides Mup's protection against real
2198collisions, so this must be used with care to avoid undesired overlaps.
2199</P>
2200<P><B>Value: </B>
2201a whole number between negative the height of the page
2202and the height of a page, in stepsizes.
2203</P>
2204<P><B>Default value: </B>
22050
2206</P>
2207<P><B>Context: </B>
2208score, staff
2209</P>
2210<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2211staffpad = -2
2212</P>
2213<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2214<A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
2215<A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep,</A>
2216<A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep</A>
2217</P>
2218<HR>
2219<H2>
2220<A NAME="staffs">staffs</A>
2221</H2><P>
2222specifies the number of staffs. It is possible that not all of these staffs
2223will be printed (see
2224<A HREF="param.html#visible">the "visible" parameter</A>
2225below and
2226<A HREF="cmdargs.html#soption">the -s command line argument).</A>
2227Changing the number
2228of staffs causes all parameters that had been
2229set in staff and voice context to be set back to their default values.
2230It is usually preferable to only set the staff parameter once at the beginning
2231of a song, and use
2232<A HREF="param.html#visible">the "visible" parameter</A>
2233when you want to change which staffs are actually printed,
2234rather than changing the number of staffs.
2235</P>
2236<P><B>Value: </B>
2237a number between 1 and 40 inclusive.
2238</P>
2239<P><B>Default value: </B>
22401
2241</P>
2242<P><B>Context: </B>
2243score
2244</P>
2245<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2246staffs = 12
2247</P>
2248<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2249<A HREF="param.html#visible">visible</A>
2250</P>
2251<HR>
2252<H2>
2253<A NAME="stscale">staffscale</A>
2254</H2><P>
2255Specifies how to scale the size of a staff relative to the size of other
2256staffs. A value of 1.0 yields the normal size, whereas 0.5 yields a staff
2257that is half as high, and 2.0 one that is twice as high as normal,
2258and so forth. This might be used, for example, for a piece written for
2259two instruments, say piano and violin, where you want the piano part to
2260be written in normal size, but want to show the violin part in smaller
2261size, such that while the pianist will have the violin part available
2262for reference, it won't take up a lot of space.
2263Another possible use is to set staffscale in score context, to make
2264all staff-related things a different size, but leave other things, like
2265<A HREF="headfoot.html">headers and footers,</A>
2266unaffected.
2267</P>
2268<P><B>Value: </B>
22690.1 to 10.0
2270</P>
2271<P><B>Default value: </B>
22721.0
2273</P>
2274<P><B>Context: </B>
2275score, staff
2276</P>
2277<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2278staffscale=0.75
2279</P>
2280<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2281<A HREF="param.html#scale">scale</A>
2282</P>
2283<HR>
2284<H2>
2285<A NAME="staffsep">staffsep</A>
2286</H2><P>
2287specifies the minimum amount of space to leave between
2288any two adjacent staffs within the same score. It is specified in stepsizes,
2289and is measured from the bottom line of the staff above to the top line
2290of the staff below. Staffs will be spread
2291wider than this minimum if necessary to prevent things from colliding.
2292</P>
2293<P><B>Value: </B>
2294a number from 6 to the height of the page in stepsizes
2295</P>
2296<P><B>Default value: </B>
229710
2298</P>
2299<P><B>Context: </B>
2300score, staff
2301</P>
2302<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2303staffsep = 14
2304</P>
2305<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2306<A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
2307<A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep,</A>
2308<A HREF="param.html#staffpad">staffpad</A>
2309</P>
2310<HR>
2311<H2>
2312<A NAME="stemlen">stemlen</A>
2313</H2><P>
2314Specifies how long stems should be, in stepsizes.
2315This is for normal-sized chords; grace or cue size chords
2316will gets stems that are 5/7 of this length.
2317This length can be overridden on specific chords using
2318<A HREF="chrdattr.html#stemlen">the len attribute in backets before the chord.</A>
2319</P>
2320<P><B>Value: </B>
23210.0 to 100.0
2322</P>
2323<P><B>Default value: </B>
23247.0
2325</P>
2326<P><B>Context: </B>
2327score, staff, voice
2328</P>
2329<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2330stemlen = 0 // to make all notes stemless
2331</P>
2332<HR>
2333<H2>
2334<A NAME="sshorten">stemshorten</A>
2335</H2><P>
2336On beamed chords, Mup will sometimes shorten stems slightly.
2337This parameter lets you control the maximum amount of shortening that
2338will ever be done. It is specified in stepsizes.
2339</P>
2340<P><B>Value: </B>
23410.0 to 2.0
2342</P>
2343<P><B>Default value: </B>
23441.0
2345</P>
2346<P><B>Context: </B>
2347score, staff, voice
2348</P>
2349<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2350stemshorten = 0 // never shorten any stems
2351</P>
2352<HR>
2353<H2>
2354<A NAME="swing">swingunit</A>
2355</H2><P>
2356This parameter only affects
2357<A HREF="midi.html">MIDI output.</A>
2358Some styles of music are often
2359written in &quot;swing time,&quot; meaning the
2360players are expected to play pairs of notes with the first twice
2361as long as the second, even though they are written as if they were the
2362same duration, or as if the first was three times as long as the second.
2363The most common example would be where the written notation shows
2364two eighth notes like 8;; or a dotted rhythm like 8.;16;
2365but the musician &quot;knows&quot; that the composer really intended it
2366to be played as if it were a triplet {4;8;}3;
2367This parameter adjusts the Mup MIDI output
2368to follow this performance convention.
2369If this parameter is set,
2370each measure is divided into segments of durations of &quot;swingunit,&quot; starting
2371at the beginning. (Usually the
2372<A HREF="param.html#time">time signature</A>
2373divided by swingunit
2374will be an integer, but if not, the last piece will be shorter.)
2375Then within each segment, the time where one group ends
2376and the next group starts will be
2377altered in either of these two circumstances:
2378(1) The current boundary time is halfway into a swingunit, and
2379each group is at least half a swingunit long, or
2380(2) The current boundary time is 3/4 of the way into a swingunit,
2381and the first group is at least 3/4 of a swingunit long, and
2382the second group is at least 1/4 of a swingunit long.
2383In both of these cases, the durations are altered so that the
2384meeting point is 2/3 of the way into the swingunit.
2385</P>
2386<P><B>Value: </B>
2387A time value, like 2, 4, or 8, or not set to anything.
2388It can be a dotted value like 2. or 16.. although dotted values
2389are rarely likely to be useful.
2390It can even be a time expression like 2.-32 although that is even
2391less likely to be useful.
2392</P>
2393<P><B>Default value: </B>
2394not set
2395</P>
2396<P><B>Context: </B>
2397score, staff, voice
2398</P>
2399<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2400swingunit = 4
2401<BR>
2402swingunit = // turn off swing
2403</P>
2404<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2405<A HREF="param.html#timeunit">timeunit</A>
2406</P>
2407<HR>
2408<H2>
2409<A NAME="sylpos">sylposition</A>
2410</H2><P>
2411A | can be used in lyrics at the beginning of a syllable (after
2412anything in angle brackets) to indicate syllable alignment.
2413This will override the
2414<A HREF="param.html#lyralign">lyricsalign parameter,</A>
2415and may be useful for aligning verse numbers or to make syllables at
2416the beginning of poetic lines line up.
2417If the | is not preceded by a number, the sylposition parameter specifies the
2418default alignment value to use. It is the number of points (1 point
2419is 1/72 of an inch) from the horizontal &quot;middle&quot; of the chord to place the
2420left edge of the syllable. Negative values are to the left of the middle,
2421positive to the right, so this value is usually negative.
2422</P>
2423<P><B>Value: </B>
2424-100 to 100
2425</P>
2426<P><B>Default value: </B>
2427-5
2428</P>
2429<P><B>Context: </B>
2430score, staff
2431</P>
2432<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2433sylposition = -4
2434</P>
2435<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2436<A HREF="param.html#lyralign">lyricsalign</A>
2437</P>
2438<HR>
2439<H2>
2440<A NAME="tabwhite">tabwhitebox</A>
2441</H2><P>
2442says whether or not to put a small white box behind each fret number on
2443<A HREF="tabstaff.html">tablature staffs.</A>
2444This may make the music a little easier to read, since the staff lines
2445won't be going through the middle of the fret numbers.
2446</P>
2447<P><B>Value: </B>
2448<B>y</B> or <B>n</B>
2449</P>
2450<P><B>Default value: </B>
2451n
2452</P>
2453<P><B>Context: </B>
2454score, staff, voice
2455</P>
2456<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2457tabwhitebox = y
2458</P>
2459<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2460<A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines</A>
2461</P>
2462<HR>
2463<H2>
2464<A NAME="time">time</A>
2465</H2><P>
2466sets the time signature. Music data for each measure is checked to ensure
2467that the total time in the measure for each voice and verse
2468adds up to exactly the time signature. Setting the time parameter will
2469also reinitialize
2470<A HREF="param.html#timeunit">the timeunit parameter</A>
2471and
2472<A HREF="param.html#beamstyl">the beamstyle parameter</A>
2473to their most recent values for the same time signature
2474(which would be their default values if they had never been explicitly
2475set for this time signature).
2476</P>
2477<P><B>Value: </B>
2478either a ratio of the form <I>N/D</I> or the word &quot;cut&quot; or &quot;common.&quot; If the ratio
2479form is used, <I>N</I> must be between 1 and 99 inclusive,
2480and <I>D</I> must be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64.
2481The numerator of the time signature can be the sum of several numbers,
2482as in 3+4/4 or 2+3+2/2. You can also have several fractions added
2483together, as in 3/4 + 4/4. It is also possible to provide &quot;alternating&quot;
2484time signatures, where you list two (or more, although two is typical)
2485time signatures separated by white space. Each measure then uses
2486the next time signature in the list. For example, for
24873/4 4/4, the first measure would be in 3/4 time, the second measure in 4/4,
2488the third back in 3/4, the fourth in 4/4, and so forth.
2489It is possible to combine all the various complexities,
2490with things like 3+4/8 + 2+3/4 4+3/4 although that would be very uncommon.
2491The time signature can optionally be followed by the
2492letter n to specify that the time signature is not to be printed.
2493Or it can be followed by the letter y, which causes
2494alternating time signatures to be treated differently.
2495By default, the alternating signature are printed just once, as a list,
2496and the performer has to remember
2497that each subsequent measure has a different time signature.
2498Using y forces Mup to print the appropriate time signature on each measure.
2499</P>
2500<P><B>Default value: </B>
25014/4
2502</P>
2503<P><B>Context: </B>
2504score
2505</P>
2506<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2507time = 6/8
2508<BR>
2509time = cut
2510<BR>
2511time = 13/16n
2512<BR>
2513time = 2+3+4 / 8 // additive numerator
2514<BR>
2515time = 3/4 + 4/4 // fractions added together
2516<BR>
2517time = 4/4 3/4 // alternating
2518<BR>
2519time = 3/4 6/8 y // alternating, printing time sig on every measure
2520</P>
2521<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2522<A HREF="param.html#timeunit">timeunit</A>
2523</P>
2524<HR>
2525<H2>
2526<A NAME="timeunit">timeunit</A>
2527</H2><P>
2528sets the default time unit. If the first note of a measure has no time
2529value specified, the value of the timeunit parameter will be used.
2530If the
2531<A HREF="param.html#time">time signature</A>
2532is changed, the timeunit parameter reverts back
2533to its previous value for that time signature, which defaults to the
2534value of the denominator (bottom number) of the new time signature.
2535</P>
2536<P><B>Value: </B>
25371/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256
2538representing quadruple whole, double whole, whole, half,
2539quarter, eighth, sixteenth, thirty-second,
2540sixty-fourth, 128th, or 256th,
2541followed by zero or more dots. Each dot adds 50% of the previous note or dot
2542to the time.
2543It can also be a time expression, like 2+8 or 1-4+16.
2544The time value must be less than or equal to
2545the time signature.
2546The timeunit value can be reinitialized indirectly by setting
2547<A HREF="param.html#time">the time parameter.</A>
2548Setting the time parameter will set the timeunit to the value
2549used most recently for that time signature.
2550</P>
2551<P><B>Default value: </B>
2552The denominator (bottom number) of the time signature
2553</P>
2554<P><B>Context: </B>
2555score, staff, voice
2556</P>
2557<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2558timeunit = 2
2559<BR>
2560timeunit = 4.
2561<BR>
2562timeunit = 2 + 8
2563</P>
2564<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2565<A HREF="param.html#swing">swingunit,</A>
2566<A HREF="param.html#time">time</A>
2567</P>
2568<HR>
2569<H2>
2570<A NAME="topmar">topmargin</A>
2571</H2><P>
2572sets the amount of white space margin to put at the top of each page.
2573It is specified in inches if the
2574<A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
2575is set to inches, or in centimeters if the units parameter is set to cm.
2576This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
2577Margins are unaffected by
2578<A HREF="param.html#scale">the "scale" parameter.</A>
2579</P>
2580<P><B>Value: </B>
25810.0 to pageheight minus 0.5 inches
2582</P>
2583<P><B>Default value: </B>
25840.5 inches
2585</P>
2586<P><B>Context: </B>
2587score
2588</P>
2589<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2590topmargin = 0.8
2591</P>
2592<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2593<A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin,</A>
2594<A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
2595<A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
2596<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
2597<A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
2598</P>
2599<HR>
2600<H2>
2601<A NAME="xpose">transpose</A>
2602</H2><P>
2603specify by what interval to transpose the music data. The interval can be
2604larger than an octave, but must be a valid interval (e.g., there is no
2605such thing as a perfect 6th). It is an error to specify a transposition value
2606which would result in a key signature with more than 7 flats or sharps.
2607It is also an error if transposition would result in a note requiring a
2608triple sharp or triple flat.
2609</P>
2610<P><B>Value: </B>
2611the word &quot;up&quot; or &quot;down,&quot; followed by an interval and a whole number greater than 0.
2612The interval is one of major, minor, augmented, diminished, or perfect.
2613The intervals can be abbreviated to their first 3 letters (maj,
2614min, aug, dim, or per).
2615The
2616<A HREF="trnspose.html">section on transposition</A>
2617lists transposition intervals and gives further details.
2618Depending on which key signature you are
2619transposing from, some transposition intervals may not work because they
2620result in more than 7 flats or sharps.
2621There is also another parameter called
2622<A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose.</A>
2623Typically you would use the transpose parameter to change the key of
2624individual staffs (for transposing instruments), and then use the
2625addtranspose parameter if you want to change the key of the entire score.
2626But either of these parameters can be used either way.
2627In any case, for each staff, and for the score, the values of
2628transpose and addtranspose are &quot;added&quot; to find the transposition
2629for that staff or score.
2630</P>
2631<P><B>Default value: </B>
2632up perfect 1 (i.e., no transposition)
2633</P>
2634<P><B>Context: </B>
2635score, staff
2636</P>
2637<P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2638transpose = up minor 3
2639<BR>
2640transpose = down perfect 4
2641</P>
2642<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2643<A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose,</A>
2644<A HREF="param.html#key">key</A>
2645</P>
2646<HR>
2647<H2>
2648<A NAME="units">units</A>
2649</H2><P>
2650Specifies whether margin and page size parameters are specified
2651in inches or in centimeters.
2652</P>
2653<P><B>Value: </B>
2654inches or cm
2655</P>
2656<P><B>Default value: </B>
2657inches
2658</P>
2659<P><B>Context: </B>
2660score
2661</P>
2662<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2663units = cm
2664</P>
2665<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2666<A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin,</A>
2667<A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin</A>
2668<A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
2669<A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
2670<A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
2671<A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
2672</P>
2673<HR>
2674<H2>
2675<A NAME="vcombine">vcombine</A>
2676</H2><P>
2677This parameter tells Mup to combine the specified
2678voices onto a single stem whenever possible.
2679One common use would be if you want multiple voices for
2680<A HREF="midi.html">MIDI</A>
2681purposes, but want them printed on the same stems.
2682Another typical use would be to obtain a printing style common for hymns
2683and certain other styles of music, where the two voices on each staff are
2684printed on one common stem whenever possible, but when a note
2685is shared between two voices, two opposing stems are used to make it clear the
2686note is indeed shared.
2687The value of this parameter is a list of voices plus an optional qualifier.
2688The list format is like elsewhere for voices; common examples would be
2689<TT>1,2</TT> or <TT>1-3</TT> or <TT>2-3</TT>.
2690Order of voices is significant: sometimes Mup may have to choose between
2691two possible combinations, so voices listed first get priority.
2692The list of voices can be followed by a qualifier to specify what
2693happens when voices overlap. If the qualifier is &quot;nooverlap,&quot;
2694voices will only be combined if the bottom note of the higher voice
2695is higher than the top note of the lower voice.
2696(That is the typical value for getting the hymn style described above.)
2697If the qualifier is &quot;shareone&quot; the bottom note of the top voice must be
2698no lower than than top note of the lower voice for combining to occur.
2699If the qualifier is &quot;overlap,&quot; combining will occur without regard for
2700how the voices overlap. For the purpose of the qualifier, voice 1 is assumed
2701to be the highest voice, voice 3 the middle voice, and voice 2 the lowest.
2702If no qualifier is specified, the default is nooverlap. While the vcombine
2703parameter is allowed to be used with any
2704<A HREF="param.html#vscheme">vscheme parameter</A>
2705value, using it with vscheme=1 is pointless, and only
2706vscheme values of 2f and 3f are really appropriate.
2707This parameters can be used with both voice-at-a-time and chord-at-a-time
2708input styles. It has no effect on tablature or 1-line staffs.
2709Note that there are various cases where combining will not be done, such
2710as when time values or beamings are different in different voices, and cases
2711where combining would cause information loss, such as when a shared note is
2712tied in one voice but not another. In such cases,
2713the usual non-combined format will be used.
2714</P>
2715<P><B>Value: </B>
2716comma-separated list of voices or voice ranges, or nothing,
2717optionally followed by nooverlap, shareone, or overlap.
2718</P>
2719<P><B>Default value: </B>
2720not set
2721</P>
2722<P><B>Context: </B>
2723score, staff
2724</P>
2725<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2726vcombine=3,1-2 shareone
2727<BR>
2728vcombine= // turn off combining
2729</P>
2730<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2731<A HREF="param.html#vscheme">vscheme</A>
2732</P>
2733<HR>
2734<H2>
2735<A NAME="visible">visible</A>
2736</H2><P>
2737specifies whether a staff or voice is actually to be printed.
2738This can be useful for
2739printing a subset of a full score. The value is either y or n, for yes or no,
2740or whereused. When whereused is specified,
2741if a staff has no notes or lyrics or other associated things on an entire score,
2742that staff is not printed. This might be used, for example,
2743to save paper on an orchestral score by only printing staffs for
2744instruments when they are actually playing.
2745At least one staff must be visible at all times.
2746When an individual voice is made invisible, but the other voice(s) on that staff
2747remain visible, all the
2748<A HREF="stuff.html">tempo, dynamics, and similar marks</A>
2749associated with the staff will still be printed, since Mup cannot know for sure
2750whether you meant them to be associated with
2751a particular voice or with the staff as a whole.
2752When
2753<A HREF="midi.html">MIDI output</A>
2754is generated, this parameter controls whether the staff or voice
2755is audible, so you can control which voices are played.
2756<A HREF="cmdargs.html#soption">The -s command line argument can also be used</A>
2757to control which staffs are printed or played.
2758</P>
2759<P><B>Value: </B>
2760y, n, or whereused
2761</P>
2762<P><B>Default value: </B>
2763y
2764</P>
2765<P><B>Context: </B>
2766score, staff, voice
2767</P>
2768<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2769visible = n
2770</P>
2771<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2772<A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
2773<A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
2774<A HREF="param.html#endingst">endingstyle,</A>
2775<A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs</A>
2776</P>
2777<HR>
2778<H2>
2779<A NAME="vscheme">vscheme</A>
2780</H2><P>
2781sets voice scheme. A value of 1 means there is only a single voice on a
2782staff. The direction of note stems will be determined based on how high
2783or low the notes are on the staff. A value of 2o means there are two voices
2784with &quot;opposing&quot; stems. In other words, the stems of voice 1 will always
2785point upward, and the stems of voice 2 will always point downward,
2786unless they are
2787<A HREF="chrdattr.html#stemdir">explicitly forced</A>
2788the other way. A
2789value of 2f means there are two voices with &quot;free&quot; or &quot;floating&quot; stems.
2790That means in places where there are notes or rests in both
2791voices, stem directions will be as if 2o were set. However, if one of the
2792voices has &quot;space&quot; where there are no notes or rests, the stem directions of the
2793other voice will be determined as if there were only a single voice.
27942o is useful if you want to force stem directions a certain way. 2f is
2795generally preferable when there are two voices only part of the time.
2796The values 3o and 3f are like 2o and 2f except that a third voice is
2797allowed. The third voice's stem defaults to up,
2798but the direction can be changed at any chord. The
2799<A HREF="chrdattr.html#stemdir">stem direction</A>
2800remains in effect on subsequent chords of voice 3 until explicitly changed.
2801While there can be voice crossings, in general voice 1 should be the &quot;top&quot;
2802voice, voice 2 the &quot;bottom&quot; voice, and voice 3 the &quot;middle&quot; or &quot;extra&quot; voice.
2803Mup does not use voice 3 when associating things like phrase marks and
2804lyrics with chords.
2805Setting vscheme to a different number of voices
2806will reinitialize all voice level parameters for the
2807affected staffs.
2808</P>
2809<P><B>Value: </B>
28101, 2o, 2f, 3o, or 3f
2811</P>
2812<P><B>Default value: </B>
28131
2814</P>
2815<P><B>Context: </B>
2816score, staff
2817</P>
2818<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2819vscheme = 2f
2820</P>
2821<P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2822<A HREF="param.html#vcombine">vcombine</A>
2823</P>
2824<HR>
2825<H2>
2826<A NAME="warn">warn</A>
2827</H2><P>
2828specifies whether to print warning messages or not.
2829Normally, Mup will print warnings when it encounters input that
2830it considers somewhat dubious. Sometimes, however, that input will really
2831be what you want, so this parameter allows you to turn off warning messages.
2832</P>
2833<P><B>Value: </B>
2834y or n
2835</P>
2836<P><B>Default value: </B>
2837y
2838</P>
2839<P><B>Context: </B>
2840score
2841</P>
2842<P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2843warn = n
2844</P>
2845<HR><P>
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