X-Git-Url: https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/ucgi/~mdw/git/clg/blobdiff_plain/008c81d968bd0b7534bdc93841418897d6808ed1..e59b159786355b542f5036b1b40247666fe195f2:/glib/gobject.lisp diff --git a/glib/gobject.lisp b/glib/gobject.lisp index 0b01d2e..68ee82c 100644 --- a/glib/gobject.lisp +++ b/glib/gobject.lisp @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ ;; Common Lisp bindings for GTK+ v2.x -;; Copyright 2000-2005 Espen S. Johnsen +;; Copyright 2000-2006 Espen S. Johnsen ;; ;; Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining ;; a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ ;; TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE ;; SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. -;; $Id: gobject.lisp,v 1.41 2006-02-03 12:44:32 espen Exp $ +;; $Id: gobject.lisp,v 1.59 2008-11-04 03:22:23 espen Exp $ (in-package "GLIB") @@ -28,25 +28,41 @@ (in-package "GLIB") ;;;; Metaclass used for subclasses of gobject (eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute) +;; (push :debug-ref-counting *features*) (defclass gobject-class (ginstance-class) - ((instance-slots-p :initform nil + ((instance-slots-p :initform nil :reader instance-slots-p :documentation "Non NIL if the class has slots with instance allocation"))) (defmethod validate-superclass ((class gobject-class) (super standard-class)) ; (subtypep (class-name super) 'gobject) t)) +(defmethod slot-unbound (metaclass (class gobject-class) (slot (eql 'ref))) + (assert (class-direct-superclasses class)) + (setf (slot-value class 'ref) + #?-(pkg-exists-p "glib-2.0" :atleast-version "2.10.0") '%object-ref + #?(pkg-exists-p "glib-2.0" :atleast-version "2.10.0") + ;; We do this hack instead of creating a new metaclass to avoid + ;; breaking backward compatibility + (if (subtypep (class-name class) 'initially-unowned) + '%object-ref-sink + '%object-ref))) + +(defmethod slot-unbound (metaclass (class gobject-class) (slot (eql 'unref))) + (setf (slot-value class 'unref) '%object-unref)) + + (defclass direct-property-slot-definition (direct-virtual-slot-definition) ((pname :reader slot-definition-pname :initarg :pname) - (readable :initform t :reader slot-readable-p :initarg :readable) - (writable :initform t :reader slot-writable-p :initarg :writable) - (construct :initform nil :initarg :construct))) + (readable :reader slot-readable-p :initarg :readable) + (writable :reader slot-writable-p :initarg :writable) + (construct-only :initarg :construct-only :reader construct-only-property-p))) (defclass effective-property-slot-definition (effective-virtual-slot-definition) ((pname :reader slot-definition-pname :initarg :pname) - (readable :reader slot-readable-p :initarg :readable) - (writable :reader slot-writable-p :initarg :writable) - (construct :initarg :construct))) + (readable :initform t :reader slot-readable-p :initarg :readable) + (writable :initform t :reader slot-writable-p :initarg :writable) + (construct-only :initform nil :initarg :construct-only :reader construct-only-property-p))) (defclass direct-user-data-slot-definition (direct-virtual-slot-definition) ()) @@ -61,39 +77,37 @@ (defbinding %object-ref () pointer (defbinding %object-unref () nil (location pointer)) -#+glib2.8 +#?(pkg-exists-p "glib-2.0" :atleast-version "2.8.0") (progn - (defcallback toggle-ref-callback (nil (data pointer) (location pointer) (last-ref-p boolean)) + (define-callback toggle-ref-callback nil + ((data pointer) (location pointer) (last-ref-p boolean)) + (declare (ignore data)) + #+debug-ref-counting + (if last-ref-p + (format t "Object at 0x~8,'0X has no foreign references~%" (pointer-address location)) + (format t "Foreign reference added to object at 0x~8,'0X~%" (pointer-address location))) (if last-ref-p (cache-instance (find-cached-instance location) t) (cache-instance (find-cached-instance location) nil))) - (defbinding %object-add-toggle-ref () pointer + (defbinding %object-add-toggle-ref (location) pointer (location pointer) - ((callback toggle-ref-callback) pointer) + (toggle-ref-callback callback) (nil null)) - (defbinding %object-remove-toggle-ref () pointer + (defbinding %object-remove-toggle-ref (location) pointer (location pointer) - ((callback toggle-ref-callback) pointer) + (toggle-ref-callback callback) (nil null))) -(defmethod reference-foreign ((class gobject-class) location) - (declare (ignore class)) - (%object-ref location)) - -(defmethod unreference-foreign ((class gobject-class) location) - (declare (ignore class)) - (%object-unref location)) - #+debug-ref-counting (progn - (defcallback weak-ref-callback (nil (data pointer) (location pointer)) - (format t "Object at 0x~8,'0X being finalized~%" (sap-int location))) + (define-callback weak-ref-callback nil ((data pointer) (location pointer)) + (format t "Object at 0x~8,'0X (~A) being finalized~%" (pointer-address location) (type-from-number (%type-number-of-ginstance location)))) - (defbinding %object-weak-ref () pointer + (defbinding %object-weak-ref (location) pointer (location pointer) - ((callback weak-ref-callback) pointer) + (weak-ref-callback callback) (nil null))) @@ -123,86 +137,128 @@ (defmethod effective-slot-definition-class ((class gobject-class) &rest initargs (t (call-next-method)))) (defmethod compute-effective-slot-definition-initargs ((class gobject-class) direct-slotds) - (if (typep (first direct-slotds) 'direct-property-slot-definition) - (nconc - (list :pname (signal-name-to-string - (most-specific-slot-value direct-slotds 'pname)) - :readable (most-specific-slot-value direct-slotds 'readable) - :writable (most-specific-slot-value direct-slotds 'writable) - :construct (most-specific-slot-value direct-slotds 'construct)) + (if (eq (slot-definition-allocation (first direct-slotds)) :property) + (nconc + (compute-most-specific-initargs direct-slotds + '(pname construct-only readable writable)) (call-next-method)) (call-next-method))) -(defmethod initialize-internal-slot-functions ((slotd effective-property-slot-definition)) - (let ((type (slot-definition-type slotd)) - (pname (slot-definition-pname slotd))) - (when (and (not (slot-boundp slotd 'getter)) (slot-readable-p slotd)) - (setf - (slot-value slotd 'getter) - (let ((reader nil)) - #'(lambda (object) - (unless reader - (setq reader (reader-function type))) - (let ((gvalue (gvalue-new type))) - (%object-get-property object pname gvalue) - (unwind-protect - (funcall reader gvalue +gvalue-value-offset+) - (gvalue-free gvalue t))))))) - - (when (and (not (slot-boundp slotd 'setter)) (slot-writable-p slotd)) - (setf - (slot-value slotd 'setter) - (let ((writer nil)) - #'(lambda (value object) - (unless writer - (setq writer (writer-function type))) - (let ((gvalue (gvalue-new type))) - (funcall writer value gvalue +gvalue-value-offset+) - (%object-set-property object pname gvalue) - (gvalue-free gvalue t) - value)))))) - - (call-next-method)) - -(defmethod initialize-internal-slot-functions ((slotd effective-user-data-slot-definition)) +(defvar *ignore-setting-construct-only-property* nil) +(declaim (special *ignore-setting-construct-only-property*)) + +(defmethod compute-slot-reader-function ((slotd effective-property-slot-definition) &optional signal-unbound-p) + (declare (ignore signal-unbound-p)) + (let* ((type (slot-definition-type slotd)) + (pname (slot-definition-pname slotd)) + (get-reader (reader-function type :ref :get)) + (peek-reader (reader-function type :ref :peek))) + #'(lambda (object) + (with-memory (gvalue +gvalue-size+) + (%gvalue-init gvalue (find-type-number type)) + (%object-get-property object pname gvalue) + (if (gvalue-static-p gvalue) + (funcall peek-reader gvalue +gvalue-value-offset+) + (funcall get-reader gvalue +gvalue-value-offset+)))))) + +(defmethod compute-slot-writer-function :around ((slotd effective-property-slot-definition)) + (if (construct-only-property-p slotd) + #'(lambda (value object) + (declare (ignore value)) + (unless *ignore-setting-construct-only-property* + (error 'unwritable-slot :name (slot-definition-name slotd) :instance object))) + (call-next-method))) + +(defmethod compute-slot-writer-function ((slotd effective-property-slot-definition)) + (let* ((type (slot-definition-type slotd)) + (pname (slot-definition-pname slotd)) + (writer (writer-function type :temp t)) + (destroy (destroy-function type :temp t))) + #'(lambda (value object) + (with-memory (gvalue +gvalue-size+) + (%gvalue-init gvalue (find-type-number type)) + (funcall writer value gvalue +gvalue-value-offset+) + (%object-set-property object pname gvalue) + (funcall destroy gvalue +gvalue-value-offset+)) + value))) + +(defmethod slot-readable-p ((slotd effective-user-data-slot-definition)) + (declare (ignore slotd)) + t) + +(defmethod compute-slot-reader-function ((slotd effective-user-data-slot-definition) &optional signal-unbound-p) + (declare (ignore signal-unbound-p)) (let ((slot-name (slot-definition-name slotd))) - (unless (slot-boundp slotd 'getter) - (setf - (slot-value slotd 'getter) - #'(lambda (object) - (prog1 (user-data object slot-name))))) - (unless (slot-boundp slotd 'setter) - (setf - (slot-value slotd 'setter) - #'(lambda (value object) - (setf (user-data object slot-name) value)))) - (unless (slot-boundp slotd 'boundp) - (setf - (slot-value slotd 'boundp) - #'(lambda (object) - (user-data-p object slot-name))))) - (call-next-method)) - -(defmethod shared-initialize :after ((class gobject-class) names &rest initargs) - (declare (ignore initargs)) - (when (some #'(lambda (slotd) - (and - (eq (slot-definition-allocation slotd) :instance) - (not (typep slotd 'effective-special-slot-definition)))) - (class-slots class)) - (setf (slot-value class 'instance-slots-p) t))) + #'(lambda (object) + (user-data object slot-name)))) + +(defmethod compute-slot-boundp-function ((slotd effective-user-data-slot-definition)) + (let ((slot-name (slot-definition-name slotd))) + #'(lambda (object) + (user-data-p object slot-name)))) + +(defmethod slot-writable-p ((slotd effective-user-data-slot-definition)) + (declare (ignore slotd)) + t) + +(defmethod compute-slot-writer-function ((slotd effective-user-data-slot-definition)) + (let ((slot-name (slot-definition-name slotd))) + #'(lambda (value object) + (setf (user-data object slot-name) value)))) + +(defmethod compute-slot-makunbound-function ((slotd effective-user-data-slot-definition)) + (let ((slot-name (slot-definition-name slotd))) + #'(lambda (object) + (unset-user-data object slot-name)))) +(defmethod compute-slots :around ((class gobject-class)) + (let ((slots (call-next-method))) + (when (some #'(lambda (slotd) + (and + (eq (slot-definition-allocation slotd) :instance) + (not (typep slotd 'effective-special-slot-definition)))) + slots) + (setf (slot-value class 'instance-slots-p) t)) + slots)) ;;;; Super class for all classes in the GObject type hierarchy (eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute) (defclass gobject (ginstance) - () + (#+debug-ref-counting + (ref-count :allocation :alien :type int :reader ref-count)) (:metaclass gobject-class) (:gtype "GObject"))) +#+debug-ref-counting +(defmethod print-object ((instance gobject) stream) + (print-unreadable-object (instance stream :type t :identity nil) + (if (proxy-valid-p instance) + (format stream "at 0x~X (~D)" (pointer-address (foreign-location instance)) (ref-count instance)) + (write-string "at \"unbound\"" stream)))) + + +(define-type-method reader-function ((type gobject) &key (ref :read) inlined) + (assert-not-inlined type inlined) + (ecase ref + ((:read :peek) (call-next-method type :ref :read)) + (:get + #'(lambda (location &optional (offset 0)) + (let ((instance (ref-pointer location offset))) + (unless (null-pointer-p instance) + (multiple-value-bind (gobject new-p) + (ensure-proxy-instance 'gobject instance :reference nil) + (unless new-p + (%object-unref instance)) + (setf (ref-pointer location offset) (make-pointer 0)) + gobject))))))) + +(define-type-method callback-wrapper ((type gobject) var arg form) + (let ((class (type-expand type))) + `(let ((,var (ensure-proxy-instance ',class ,arg))) + ,form))) (defun initial-add (object function initargs key pkey) (loop @@ -220,84 +276,102 @@ (defun initial-apply-add (object function initargs key pkey) initargs key pkey)) +(defmethod make-proxy-instance ((class gobject-class) location &rest initargs) + (declare (ignore location initargs)) + (if (slot-value class 'instance-slots-p) + (error "Objects of class ~A has instance slots and should only be created with MAKE-INSTANCE" class) + (call-next-method))) + +(defparameter +gparameter-gvalue-offset+ + (max (size-of 'pointer) (type-alignment '(unsigned-byte 64)))) +(defparameter +gparameter-size+ + (+ +gparameter-gvalue-offset+ +gvalue-size+)) + +(defmethod allocate-foreign ((object gobject) &rest initargs) + (let ((init-slots ())) + (flet ((value-from-initargs (slotd) + (loop + with slot-initargs = (slot-definition-initargs slotd) + for (initarg value) on initargs by #'cddr + when (find initarg slot-initargs) + do (return (values value t))))) + + (loop + for slotd in (class-slots (class-of object)) + when (and + (eq (slot-definition-allocation slotd) :property) + (construct-only-property-p slotd)) + do (multiple-value-bind (value initarg-p) (value-from-initargs slotd) + (cond + (initarg-p (push (cons slotd value) init-slots)) + ((slot-definition-initfunction slotd) + (push + (cons slotd (funcall (slot-definition-initfunction slotd))) + init-slots)))))) + + (cond + (init-slots + (let* ((num-slots (length init-slots))) + (with-memory (params (* num-slots +gparameter-size+)) + (loop + with string-writer = (writer-function 'string) + for (slotd . value) in init-slots + as param = params then (pointer+ param +gparameter-size+) + as type = (slot-definition-type slotd) + as pname = (slot-definition-pname slotd) + do (funcall string-writer pname param) + (gvalue-init + (pointer+ param +gparameter-gvalue-offset+) type value)) + + (unwind-protect + (%gobject-newv (type-number-of object) num-slots params) + + (loop + with string-destroy = (destroy-function 'string) + repeat num-slots + as param = params then (pointer+ param +gparameter-size+) + do (funcall string-destroy param) + (gvalue-unset (pointer+ param +gparameter-gvalue-offset+))))))) + + (t (%gobject-new (type-number-of object)))))) + + +(defmethod shared-initialize ((object gobject) names &rest initargs) + (declare (ignore names initargs)) + (let ((*ignore-setting-construct-only-property* t)) + (call-next-method))) + (defmethod initialize-instance :around ((object gobject) &rest initargs) (declare (ignore initargs)) - (call-next-method) - #+debug-ref-counting(%object-weak-ref (proxy-location object)) - #+glib2.8 - (when (slot-value (class-of object) 'instance-slots-p) - (with-slots (location) object - (%object-add-toggle-ref location) - (%object-unref location)))) - - -(defmethod initialize-instance ((object gobject) &rest initargs) - (unless (slot-boundp object 'location) - ;; Extract initargs which we should pass directly to the GObject - ;; constructor - (let* ((slotds (class-slots (class-of object))) - (args (when initargs - (loop - as (key value . rest) = initargs then rest - as slotd = (find-if - #'(lambda (slotd) - (member key (slot-definition-initargs slotd))) - slotds) - when (and (typep slotd 'effective-property-slot-definition) - (slot-value slotd 'construct)) - collect (progn - (remf initargs key) - (list - (slot-definition-pname slotd) - (slot-definition-type slotd) - value)) - while rest)))) - (if args - (let* ((string-size (size-of 'string)) - (string-writer (writer-function 'string)) - (string-destroy (destroy-function 'string)) - (params (allocate-memory - (* (length args) (+ string-size +gvalue-size+))))) - (loop - for (pname type value) in args - as tmp = params then (sap+ tmp (+ string-size +gvalue-size+)) - do (funcall string-writer pname tmp) - (gvalue-init (sap+ tmp string-size) type value)) - (unwind-protect - (setf - (slot-value object 'location) - (%gobject-newv (type-number-of object) (length args) params)) - (loop - repeat (length args) - as tmp = params then (sap+ tmp (+ string-size +gvalue-size+)) - do (funcall string-destroy tmp) - (gvalue-unset (sap+ tmp string-size))) - (deallocate-memory params))) - (setf - (slot-value object 'location) - (%gobject-new (type-number-of object)))))) - - (apply #'call-next-method object initargs)) + (prog1 + (call-next-method) + (let ((location (foreign-location object))) + #+debug-ref-counting(%object-weak-ref location) + #?(pkg-exists-p "glib-2.0" :atleast-version "2.8.0") + (when (slot-value (class-of object) 'instance-slots-p) + (%object-add-toggle-ref location) + (%object-unref location))))) (defmethod instance-finalizer ((instance gobject)) - (let ((location (proxy-location instance))) - #+glib2.8 + (let ((location (foreign-location instance))) + #?(pkg-exists-p "glib-2.0" :atleast-version "2.8.0") (if (slot-value (class-of instance) 'instance-slots-p) #'(lambda () #+debug-ref-counting - (format t "Finalizing proxy for 0x~8,'0X~%" (sap-int location)) - (remove-cached-instance location) + (format t "Finalizing proxy for 0x~8,'0X (~A)~%" + (pointer-address location) + (find-foreign-type-name (%type-number-of-ginstance location))) (%object-remove-toggle-ref location)) #'(lambda () #+debug-ref-counting - (format t "Finalizing proxy for 0x~8,'0X~%" (sap-int location)) - (remove-cached-instance location) + (format t "Finalizing proxy for 0x~8,'0X (~A)~%" + (pointer-address location) + (find-foreign-type-name (%type-number-of-ginstance location))) (%object-unref location))) - #-glib2.8 + #?-(pkg-exists-p "glib-2.0" :atleast-version "2.8.0") #'(lambda () - (remove-cached-instance location) - (%object-unref location)))) + (%object-unref location)))) (defbinding (%gobject-new "g_object_new") () pointer @@ -310,6 +384,25 @@ (defbinding (%gobject-newv "g_object_newv") () pointer (params pointer)) +;;;; Floating references + +#?(pkg-exists-p "glib-2.0" :atleast-version "2.10.0") +(progn + (defclass initially-unowned (gobject) + () + (:metaclass gobject-class) + (:gtype "GInitiallyUnowned")) + + (defbinding %object-ref-sink () pointer + (location pointer)) + + (defbinding %object-is-floating () boolean + (location pointer)) + + (defmethod initialize-instance :before ((object initially-unowned) &rest initargs) + (declare (ignore initargs)) + (%object-ref-sink (foreign-location object)))) + ;;;; Property stuff @@ -336,47 +429,40 @@ (defbinding object-thaw-notify () nil ;;;; User data +(defgeneric (setf user-data) (data object key)) +(defgeneric user-data (object key)) +(defgeneric user-data-p (object key)) +(defgeneric unset-user-data (object key)) + (defbinding %object-set-qdata-full () nil (object gobject) (id quark) - (data unsigned-long) - (destroy-marshal pointer)) + (data pointer-data) + (destroy-marshal callback)) -(defcallback user-data-destroy-func (nil (id unsigned-int)) +(define-callback user-data-destroy-callback nil ((id pointer-data)) (destroy-user-data id)) -(export 'user-data-destroy-func) - -(defun (setf user-data) (data object key) +(defmethod (setf user-data) (data (object gobject) key) (%object-set-qdata-full object (quark-intern key) - (register-user-data data) (callback user-data-destroy-func)) + (register-user-data data) user-data-destroy-callback) data) -;; deprecated -(defun (setf object-data) (data object key &key (test #'eq)) - (assert (eq test #'eq)) - (setf (user-data object key) data)) - -(defbinding %object-get-qdata () unsigned-long +(defbinding %object-get-qdata () pointer-data (object gobject) (id quark)) -(defun user-data (object key) +(defmethod user-data ((object gobject) key) (find-user-data (%object-get-qdata object (quark-intern key)))) -;; deprecated -(defun object-data (object key &key (test #'eq)) - (assert (eq test #'eq)) - (user-data object key)) - -(defun user-data-p (object key) +(defmethod user-data-p ((object gobject) key) (user-data-exists-p (%object-get-qdata object (quark-intern key)))) -(defbinding %object-steal-qdata () unsigned-long +(defbinding %object-steal-qdata () pointer-data (object gobject) (id quark)) -(defun unset-user-data (object key) +(defmethod unset-user-data ((object gobject) key) (destroy-user-data (%object-steal-qdata object (quark-intern key)))) @@ -413,7 +499,14 @@ (defun query-object-class-properties (type &optional inherited-p) (defun default-slot-name (name) - (intern (substitute #\- #\_ (string-upcase (string-upcase name))))) + (let ((prefix-len (length (package-prefix)))) + (intern (substitute #\- #\_ + (string-upcase + (if (and + (string-prefix-p (package-prefix) name) + (char= #\- (char name prefix-len))) + (subseq name (1+ prefix-len)) + name)))))) (defun default-slot-accessor (class-name slot-name type) (intern @@ -452,9 +545,8 @@ (defun slot-definition-from-property (class property &optional slot-name args) '(:writable nil)) ,@(when (not (member :readable flags)) '(:readable nil)) - ,@(when (or (member :construct flags) - (member :construct-only flags)) - '(:construct t)) + ,@(when (member :construct-only flags) + '(:construct-only t)) ;; initargs ,@(if (find :initarg args) @@ -493,20 +585,30 @@ (defun slot-definitions (class properties slots) (defun expand-gobject-type (type forward-p options &optional (metaclass 'gobject-class)) (let ((supers (cons (supertype type) (implements type))) (class (type-from-number type)) - (slots (getf options :slots))) + (slots (getf options :slots))) + (when (member nil supers) + (error "Got NIL as a supertype for ~A (full list: ~A).~%~ + This shouldn't happen - is the parent type correctly registered?" + (find-foreign-type-name type) supers)) `(defclass ,class ,supers ,(unless forward-p (slot-definitions class (query-object-class-properties type) slots)) (:metaclass ,metaclass) (:gtype ,(register-type-as type))))) -(defun gobject-dependencies (type) +(defun gobject-dependencies (type options) (delete-duplicates (cons (supertype type) (append (type-interfaces type) - (mapcar #'param-value-type (query-object-class-properties type)))))) + (mapcar #'param-value-type (query-object-class-properties type)) + (getf options :dependencies) + (loop + for slot in (getf options :slots) + as type = (getf (rest slot) :type) + when (and type (symbolp type) (find-type-number type)) + collect (find-type-number type)))))) (register-derivable-type 'gobject "GObject" 'expand-gobject-type 'gobject-dependencies) @@ -515,19 +617,19 @@ (register-derivable-type 'gobject "GObject" 'expand-gobject-type 'gobject-depend ;;; Pseudo type for gobject instances which have their reference count ;;; increased by the returning function -(defmethod alien-type ((type (eql 'referenced)) &rest args) - (declare (ignore type args)) - (alien-type 'gobject)) - -(defmethod from-alien-form (form (type (eql 'referenced)) &rest args) - (declare (ignore type)) - (destructuring-bind (type) args - (if (subtypep type 'gobject) - (let ((instance (make-symbol "INSTANCE"))) - `(let ((,instance ,(from-alien-form form type))) - (when ,instance - (%object-unref (proxy-location ,instance))) - ,instance)) - (error "~A is not a subclass of GOBJECT" type)))) - -(export 'referenced) +(deftype referenced (type) type) + +(define-type-method from-alien-form ((type referenced) form &key (ref :free)) + (cond + ((not (eq ref :free)) + (error "Keyword arg :REF to FROM-ALIEN-FORM should be :FREE for type ~A. It was give ~A" type ref)) + ((subtypep type 'gobject) + (from-alien-form (second (type-expand-to 'referenced type)) form :ref ref)))) + +(define-type-method from-alien-function ((type referenced) &key (ref :free)) + (cond + ((not (eq ref :free)) + (error "Keyword arg :REF to FROM-ALIEN-FUNCTION should be :FREE for type ~A. It was give ~A" type ref)) +; ((subtypep type 'gobject) (call-next-method type ref :free)))) + ((subtypep type 'gobject) + (from-alien-function (second (type-expand-to 'referenced type)) :ref ref))))