chiark / gitweb /
fix whitespace
[elogind.git] / udev / udev-rules.c
index 535ec3f141975b6adbb9b353fbe07215c31f67f1..bc224040d215bce342aefb8a9840efe9a17c276e 100644 (file)
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2003-2009 Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Alan Jenkins <alan-jenkins@tuffmail.co.uk>
  *
  * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <stddef.h>
+#include <limits.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <time.h>
 
 #include "udev.h"
 
 #define PREALLOC_TOKEN                 2048
 #define PREALLOC_STRBUF                        32 * 1024
+#define PREALLOC_TRIE                  256
 
-enum key_operation {
-       KEY_OP_UNSET,
-       KEY_OP_MATCH,
-       KEY_OP_NOMATCH,
-       KEY_OP_ADD,
-       KEY_OP_ASSIGN,
-       KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL,
+struct uid_gid {
+       unsigned int name_off;
+       union {
+               uid_t   uid;
+               gid_t   gid;
+       };
+};
+
+struct trie_node {
+       /* this node's first child */
+       unsigned int child_idx;
+       /* the next child of our parent node's child list */
+       unsigned int next_child_idx;
+       /* this node's last child (shortcut for append) */
+       unsigned int last_child_idx;
+       unsigned int value_off;
+       unsigned short value_len;
+       unsigned char key;
+};
+
+struct udev_rules {
+       struct udev *udev;
+       int resolve_names;
+
+       /* every key in the rules file becomes a token */
+       struct token *tokens;
+       unsigned int token_cur;
+       unsigned int token_max;
+
+       /* all key strings are copied to a single string buffer */
+       char *buf;
+       size_t buf_cur;
+       size_t buf_max;
+       unsigned int buf_count;
+
+       /* during rule parsing, strings are indexed to find duplicates */
+       struct trie_node *trie_nodes;
+       unsigned int trie_nodes_cur;
+       unsigned int trie_nodes_max;
+
+       /* during rule parsing, uid/gid lookup results are cached */
+       struct uid_gid *uids;
+       unsigned int uids_cur;
+       unsigned int uids_max;
+       struct uid_gid *gids;
+       unsigned int gids_cur;
+       unsigned int gids_max;
 };
 
-static const char *operation_str[] = {
-       [KEY_OP_MATCH] =        "match",
-       [KEY_OP_NOMATCH] =      "nomatch",
-       [KEY_OP_ADD] =          "add",
-       [KEY_OP_ASSIGN] =       "assign",
-       [KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL] = "assign-final",
+/* KEY=="", KEY!="", KEY+="", KEY="", KEY:="" */
+enum operation_type {
+       OP_UNSET,
+
+       OP_MATCH,
+       OP_NOMATCH,
+       OP_MATCH_MAX,
+
+       OP_ADD,
+       OP_ASSIGN,
+       OP_ASSIGN_FINAL,
+};
+
+enum string_glob_type {
+       GL_UNSET,
+       GL_PLAIN,                       /* no special chars */
+       GL_GLOB,                        /* shell globs ?,*,[] */
+       GL_SPLIT,                       /* multi-value A|B */
+       GL_SPLIT_GLOB,                  /* multi-value with glob A*|B* */
+       GL_SOMETHING,                   /* commonly used "?*" */
 };
 
+enum string_subst_type {
+       SB_UNSET,
+       SB_NONE,
+       SB_FORMAT,
+       SB_SUBSYS,
+};
+
+/* tokens of a rule are sorted/handled in this order */
 enum token_type {
-       TK_UNDEF,
+       TK_UNSET,
        TK_RULE,
 
        TK_M_ACTION,                    /* val */
@@ -63,11 +129,12 @@ enum token_type {
        TK_M_WAITFOR,                   /* val */
        TK_M_ATTR,                      /* val, attr */
 
+       TK_M_PARENTS_MIN,
        TK_M_KERNELS,                   /* val */
        TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS,                /* val */
        TK_M_DRIVERS,                   /* val */
        TK_M_ATTRS,                     /* val, attr */
-       TK_PARENTS_MAX,
+       TK_M_PARENTS_MAX,
 
        TK_M_TEST,                      /* val, mode_t */
        TK_M_PROGRAM,                   /* val */
@@ -75,10 +142,12 @@ enum token_type {
        TK_M_IMPORT_PROG,               /* val */
        TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT,             /* val */
        TK_M_RESULT,                    /* val */
+       TK_M_MAX,
 
        TK_A_IGNORE_DEVICE,
        TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE,
        TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE,
+       TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH,             /* int */
        TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART,             /* int */
        TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO,              /* int */
        TK_A_OWNER,                     /* val */
@@ -100,73 +169,28 @@ enum token_type {
        TK_END,
 };
 
-static const char *token_str[] = {
-       [TK_UNDEF] =                    "UNDEF",
-       [TK_RULE] =                     "RULE",
-
-       [TK_M_ACTION] =                 "M ACTION",
-       [TK_M_DEVPATH] =                "M DEVPATH",
-       [TK_M_KERNEL] =                 "M KERNEL",
-       [TK_M_DEVLINK] =                "M DEVLINK",
-       [TK_M_NAME] =                   "M NAME",
-       [TK_M_ENV] =                    "M ENV",
-       [TK_M_SUBSYSTEM] =              "M SUBSYSTEM",
-       [TK_M_DRIVER] =                 "M DRIVER",
-       [TK_M_WAITFOR] =                "M WAITFOR",
-       [TK_M_ATTR] =                   "M ATTR",
-
-       [TK_M_KERNELS] =                "M KERNELS",
-       [TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS] =             "M SUBSYSTEMS",
-       [TK_M_DRIVERS] =                "M DRIVERS",
-       [TK_M_ATTRS] =                  "M ATTRS",
-       [TK_PARENTS_MAX] =              "PARENTS_MAX",
-
-       [TK_M_TEST] =                   "M TEST",
-       [TK_M_PROGRAM] =                "M PROGRAM",
-       [TK_M_IMPORT_FILE] =            "M IMPORT_FILE",
-       [TK_M_IMPORT_PROG] =            "M IMPORT_PROG",
-       [TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT] =          "M MPORT_PARENT",
-       [TK_M_RESULT] =                 "M RESULT",
-
-       [TK_A_IGNORE_DEVICE] =          "A IGNORE_DEVICE",
-       [TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE] =     "A STRING_ESCAPE_NONE",
-       [TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE] =  "A STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE",
-       [TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART] =          "A NUM_FAKE_PART",
-       [TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO] =           "A DEVLINK_PRIO",
-       [TK_A_OWNER] =                  "A OWNER",
-       [TK_A_GROUP] =                  "A GROUP",
-       [TK_A_MODE] =                   "A MODE",
-       [TK_A_OWNER_ID] =               "A OWNER_ID",
-       [TK_A_GROUP_ID] =               "A GROUP_ID",
-       [TK_A_MODE_ID] =                "A MODE_ID",
-       [TK_A_ENV] =                    "A ENV",
-       [TK_A_NAME] =                   "A NAME",
-       [TK_A_DEVLINK] =                "A DEVLINK",
-       [TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT] =          "A EVENT_TIMEOUT",
-       [TK_A_IGNORE_REMOVE] =          "A IGNORE_REMOVE",
-       [TK_A_ATTR] =                   "A ATTR",
-       [TK_A_RUN] =                    "A RUN",
-       [TK_A_GOTO] =                   "A GOTO",
-       [TK_A_LAST_RULE] =              "A LAST_RULE",
-
-       [TK_END] =                      "END",
-};
-
+/* we try to pack stuff in a way that we take only 12 bytes per token */
 struct token {
-       enum token_type type;
        union {
+               unsigned char type;             /* same as in rule and key */
                struct {
-                       unsigned int next_rule;
+                       enum token_type type:8;
+                       unsigned int flags:8;
+                       unsigned short token_count;
                        unsigned int label_off;
-                       unsigned int filename_off;
+                       unsigned short filename_off;
+                       unsigned short filename_line;
                } rule;
                struct {
-                       enum key_operation op;
+                       enum token_type type:8;
+                       enum operation_type op:8;
+                       enum string_glob_type glob:8;
+                       enum string_subst_type subst:4;
+                       enum string_subst_type attrsubst:4;
                        unsigned int value_off;
                        union {
                                unsigned int attr_off;
                                int ignore_error;
-                               int i;
                                unsigned int rule_goto;
                                mode_t  mode;
                                uid_t uid;
@@ -174,6 +198,7 @@ struct token {
                                int num_fake_part;
                                int devlink_prio;
                                int event_timeout;
+                               int watch;
                        };
                } key;
        };
@@ -187,55 +212,335 @@ struct rule_tmp {
        unsigned int token_cur;
 };
 
-struct udev_rules {
-       struct udev *udev;
-       int resolve_names;
-       struct token *tokens;
-       unsigned int token_cur;
-       unsigned int token_max;
-       char *buf;
-       size_t buf_cur;
-       size_t buf_max;
-       unsigned int buf_count;
-};
+#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
+static const char *operation_str(enum operation_type type)
+{
+       static const char *operation_strs[] = {
+               [OP_UNSET] =            "UNSET",
+               [OP_MATCH] =            "match",
+               [OP_NOMATCH] =          "nomatch",
+               [OP_MATCH_MAX] =        "MATCH_MAX",
+
+               [OP_ADD] =              "add",
+               [OP_ASSIGN] =           "assign",
+               [OP_ASSIGN_FINAL] =     "assign-final",
+}      ;
+
+       return operation_strs[type];
+}
 
-/* we could lookup and return existing strings, or tails of strings */
-static int add_string(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *str)
+static const char *string_glob_str(enum string_glob_type type)
 {
-       size_t len = strlen(str)+1;
-       int off;
+       static const char *string_glob_strs[] = {
+               [GL_UNSET] =            "UNSET",
+               [GL_PLAIN] =            "plain",
+               [GL_GLOB] =             "glob",
+               [GL_SPLIT] =            "split",
+               [GL_SPLIT_GLOB] =       "split-glob",
+               [GL_SOMETHING] =        "split-glob",
+       };
 
-       /* offset 0 is always '\0' */
-       if (str[0] == '\0')
-               return 0;
+       return string_glob_strs[type];
+}
+
+static const char *token_str(enum token_type type)
+{
+       static const char *token_strs[] = {
+               [TK_UNSET] =                    "UNSET",
+               [TK_RULE] =                     "RULE",
+
+               [TK_M_ACTION] =                 "M ACTION",
+               [TK_M_DEVPATH] =                "M DEVPATH",
+               [TK_M_KERNEL] =                 "M KERNEL",
+               [TK_M_DEVLINK] =                "M DEVLINK",
+               [TK_M_NAME] =                   "M NAME",
+               [TK_M_ENV] =                    "M ENV",
+               [TK_M_SUBSYSTEM] =              "M SUBSYSTEM",
+               [TK_M_DRIVER] =                 "M DRIVER",
+               [TK_M_WAITFOR] =                "M WAITFOR",
+               [TK_M_ATTR] =                   "M ATTR",
+
+               [TK_M_PARENTS_MIN] =            "M PARENTS_MIN",
+               [TK_M_KERNELS] =                "M KERNELS",
+               [TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS] =             "M SUBSYSTEMS",
+               [TK_M_DRIVERS] =                "M DRIVERS",
+               [TK_M_ATTRS] =                  "M ATTRS",
+               [TK_M_PARENTS_MAX] =            "M PARENTS_MAX",
+
+               [TK_M_TEST] =                   "M TEST",
+               [TK_M_PROGRAM] =                "M PROGRAM",
+               [TK_M_IMPORT_FILE] =            "M IMPORT_FILE",
+               [TK_M_IMPORT_PROG] =            "M IMPORT_PROG",
+               [TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT] =          "M IMPORT_PARENT",
+               [TK_M_RESULT] =                 "M RESULT",
+               [TK_M_MAX] =                    "M MAX",
+
+               [TK_A_IGNORE_DEVICE] =          "A IGNORE_DEVICE",
+               [TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE] =     "A STRING_ESCAPE_NONE",
+               [TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE] =  "A STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE",
+               [TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH] =          "A INOTIFY_WATCH",
+               [TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART] =          "A NUM_FAKE_PART",
+               [TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO] =           "A DEVLINK_PRIO",
+               [TK_A_OWNER] =                  "A OWNER",
+               [TK_A_GROUP] =                  "A GROUP",
+               [TK_A_MODE] =                   "A MODE",
+               [TK_A_OWNER_ID] =               "A OWNER_ID",
+               [TK_A_GROUP_ID] =               "A GROUP_ID",
+               [TK_A_MODE_ID] =                "A MODE_ID",
+               [TK_A_ENV] =                    "A ENV",
+               [TK_A_NAME] =                   "A NAME",
+               [TK_A_DEVLINK] =                "A DEVLINK",
+               [TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT] =          "A EVENT_TIMEOUT",
+               [TK_A_IGNORE_REMOVE] =          "A IGNORE_REMOVE",
+               [TK_A_ATTR] =                   "A ATTR",
+               [TK_A_RUN] =                    "A RUN",
+               [TK_A_GOTO] =                   "A GOTO",
+               [TK_A_LAST_RULE] =              "A LAST_RULE",
+
+               [TK_END] =                      "END",
+       };
+
+       return token_strs[type];
+}
+
+static void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
+{
+       enum token_type type = token->type;
+       enum operation_type op = token->key.op;
+       enum string_glob_type glob = token->key.glob;
+       const char *value = &rules->buf[token->key.value_off];
+       const char *attr = &rules->buf[token->key.attr_off];
+
+       switch (type) {
+       case TK_RULE:
+               {
+                       const char *tks_ptr = (char *)rules->tokens;
+                       const char *tk_ptr = (char *)token;
+                       unsigned int idx = (tk_ptr - tks_ptr) / sizeof(struct token);
+
+                       dbg(rules->udev, "* RULE %s:%u, token: %u, count: %u, label: '%s', flags: 0x%02x\n",
+                           &rules->buf[token->rule.filename_off], token->rule.filename_line,
+                           idx, token->rule.token_count,
+                           &rules->buf[token->rule.label_off],
+                           token->rule.flags);
+                       break;
+               }
+       case TK_M_ACTION:
+       case TK_M_DEVPATH:
+       case TK_M_KERNEL:
+       case TK_M_SUBSYSTEM:
+       case TK_M_DRIVER:
+       case TK_M_WAITFOR:
+       case TK_M_DEVLINK:
+       case TK_M_NAME:
+       case TK_M_KERNELS:
+       case TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS:
+       case TK_M_DRIVERS:
+       case TK_M_PROGRAM:
+       case TK_M_IMPORT_FILE:
+       case TK_M_IMPORT_PROG:
+       case TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT:
+       case TK_M_RESULT:
+       case TK_A_NAME:
+       case TK_A_DEVLINK:
+       case TK_A_OWNER:
+       case TK_A_GROUP:
+       case TK_A_MODE:
+       case TK_A_RUN:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s'(%s)\n",
+                   token_str(type), operation_str(op), value, string_glob_str(glob));
+               break;
+       case TK_M_ATTR:
+       case TK_M_ATTRS:
+       case TK_M_ENV:
+       case TK_A_ATTR:
+       case TK_A_ENV:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s' '%s'(%s)\n",
+                   token_str(type), operation_str(op), attr, value, string_glob_str(glob));
+               break;
+       case TK_A_IGNORE_DEVICE:
+       case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE:
+       case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE:
+       case TK_A_LAST_RULE:
+       case TK_A_IGNORE_REMOVE:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s\n", token_str(type));
+               break;
+       case TK_M_TEST:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s'(%s) %#o\n",
+                   token_str(type), operation_str(op), value, string_glob_str(glob), token->key.mode);
+               break;
+       case TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %u\n", token_str(type), token->key.watch);
+               break;
+       case TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %u\n", token_str(type), token->key.num_fake_part);
+               break;
+       case TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.devlink_prio);
+               break;
+       case TK_A_OWNER_ID:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.uid);
+               break;
+       case TK_A_GROUP_ID:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.gid);
+               break;
+       case TK_A_MODE_ID:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %#o\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.mode);
+               break;
+       case TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.event_timeout);
+               break;
+       case TK_A_GOTO:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s '%s' %u\n", token_str(type), value, token->key.rule_goto);
+               break;
+       case TK_END:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "* %s\n", token_str(type));
+               break;
+       case TK_M_PARENTS_MIN:
+       case TK_M_PARENTS_MAX:
+       case TK_M_MAX:
+       case TK_UNSET:
+               dbg(rules->udev, "unknown type %u\n", type);
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+static void dump_rules(struct udev_rules *rules)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+
+       dbg(rules->udev, "dumping %u (%zu bytes) tokens, %u (%zu bytes) strings\n",
+           rules->token_cur,
+           rules->token_cur * sizeof(struct token),
+           rules->buf_count,
+           rules->buf_cur);
+       for(i = 0; i < rules->token_cur; i++)
+               dump_token(rules, &rules->tokens[i]);
+}
+#else
+static inline const char *operation_str(enum operation_type type) { return NULL; }
+static inline const char *token_str(enum token_type type) { return NULL; }
+static inline void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token) {}
+static inline void dump_rules(struct udev_rules *rules) {}
+#endif /* ENABLE_DEBUG */
+
+static int add_new_string(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *str, size_t bytes)
+{
+       int off;
 
        /* grow buffer if needed */
-       if (rules->buf_cur + len+1 >= rules->buf_max) {
+       if (rules->buf_cur + bytes+1 >= rules->buf_max) {
                char *buf;
                unsigned int add;
 
                /* double the buffer size */
                add = rules->buf_max;
-               if (add < len)
-                       add = len * 2;
+               if (add < bytes * 8)
+                       add = bytes * 8;
 
                buf = realloc(rules->buf, rules->buf_max + add);
                if (buf == NULL)
                        return -1;
-               info(rules->udev, "extend buffer from %zu to %zu\n", rules->buf_max, rules->buf_max + add);
+               dbg(rules->udev, "extend buffer from %zu to %zu\n", rules->buf_max, rules->buf_max + add);
                rules->buf = buf;
                rules->buf_max += add;
        }
        off = rules->buf_cur;
-       memcpy(&rules->buf[rules->buf_cur], str, len);
-       rules->buf_cur += len;
+       memcpy(&rules->buf[rules->buf_cur], str, bytes);
+       rules->buf_cur += bytes;
        rules->buf_count++;
        return off;
 }
 
-static int add_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
+static int add_string(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *str)
 {
+       unsigned int node_idx;
+       struct trie_node *new_node;
+       unsigned int new_node_idx;
+       unsigned char key;
+       unsigned short len;
+       unsigned int depth;
+       unsigned int off;
+       struct trie_node *parent;
+
+       /* walk trie, start from last character of str to find matching tails */
+       len = strlen(str);
+       key = str[len-1];
+       node_idx = 0;
+       for (depth = 0; depth <= len; depth++) {
+               struct trie_node *node;
+               unsigned int child_idx;
+
+               node = &rules->trie_nodes[node_idx];
+               off = node->value_off + node->value_len - len;
+
+               /* match against current node */
+               if (depth == len || (node->value_len >= len && memcmp(&rules->buf[off], str, len) == 0))
+                       return off;
+
+               /* lookup child node */
+               key = str[len - 1 - depth];
+               child_idx = node->child_idx;
+               while (child_idx > 0) {
+                       struct trie_node *child;
+
+                       child = &rules->trie_nodes[child_idx];
+                       if (child->key == key)
+                               break;
+                       child_idx = child->next_child_idx;
+               }
+               if (child_idx == 0)
+                       break;
+               node_idx = child_idx;
+       }
+
+       /* string not found, add it */
+       off = add_new_string(rules, str, len + 1);
+
+       /* grow trie nodes if needed */
+       if (rules->trie_nodes_cur >= rules->trie_nodes_max) {
+               struct trie_node *nodes;
+               unsigned int add;
+
+               /* double the buffer size */
+               add = rules->trie_nodes_max;
+               if (add < 8)
+                       add = 8;
 
+               nodes = realloc(rules->trie_nodes, (rules->trie_nodes_max + add) * sizeof(struct trie_node));
+               if (nodes == NULL)
+                       return -1;
+               dbg(rules->udev, "extend trie nodes from %u to %u\n",
+                   rules->trie_nodes_max, rules->trie_nodes_max + add);
+               rules->trie_nodes = nodes;
+               rules->trie_nodes_max += add;
+       }
+
+       /* get a new node */
+       new_node_idx = rules->trie_nodes_cur;
+       rules->trie_nodes_cur++;
+       new_node = &rules->trie_nodes[new_node_idx];
+       memset(new_node, 0x00, sizeof(struct trie_node));
+       new_node->value_off = off;
+       new_node->value_len = len;
+       new_node->key = key;
+
+       /* join the parent's child list */
+       parent = &rules->trie_nodes[node_idx];
+       if (parent->child_idx == 0) {
+               parent->child_idx = new_node_idx;
+       } else {
+               struct trie_node *last_child;
+
+               last_child = &rules->trie_nodes[parent->last_child_idx];
+               last_child->next_child_idx = new_node_idx;
+       }
+       parent->last_child_idx = new_node_idx;
+       return off;
+}
+
+static int add_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
+{
        /* grow buffer if needed */
        if (rules->token_cur+1 >= rules->token_max) {
                struct token *tokens;
@@ -243,13 +548,13 @@ static int add_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
 
                /* double the buffer size */
                add = rules->token_max;
-               if (add < 1)
-                       add = 2;
+               if (add < 8)
+                       add = 8;
 
                tokens = realloc(rules->tokens, (rules->token_max + add ) * sizeof(struct token));
                if (tokens == NULL)
                        return -1;
-               info(rules->udev, "extend tokens from %u to %u\n", rules->token_max, rules->token_max + add);
+               dbg(rules->udev, "extend tokens from %u to %u\n", rules->token_max, rules->token_max + add);
                rules->tokens = tokens;
                rules->token_max += add;
        }
@@ -258,6 +563,92 @@ static int add_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
        return 0;
 }
 
+static uid_t add_uid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *owner)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+       uid_t uid;
+       unsigned int off;
+
+       /* lookup, if we know it already */
+       for (i = 0; i < rules->uids_cur; i++) {
+               off = rules->uids[i].name_off;
+               if (strcmp(&rules->buf[off], owner) == 0) {
+                       uid = rules->uids[i].uid;
+                       dbg(rules->udev, "return existing %u for '%s'\n", uid, owner);
+                       return uid;
+               }
+       }
+       uid = util_lookup_user(rules->udev, owner);
+
+       /* grow buffer if needed */
+       if (rules->uids_cur+1 >= rules->uids_max) {
+               struct uid_gid *uids;
+               unsigned int add;
+
+               /* double the buffer size */
+               add = rules->uids_max;
+               if (add < 1)
+                       add = 8;
+
+               uids = realloc(rules->uids, (rules->uids_max + add ) * sizeof(struct uid_gid));
+               if (uids == NULL)
+                       return uid;
+               dbg(rules->udev, "extend uids from %u to %u\n", rules->uids_max, rules->uids_max + add);
+               rules->uids = uids;
+               rules->uids_max += add;
+       }
+       rules->uids[rules->uids_cur].uid = uid;
+       off = add_string(rules, owner);
+       if (off <= 0)
+               return uid;
+       rules->uids[rules->uids_cur].name_off = off;
+       rules->uids_cur++;
+       return uid;
+}
+
+static gid_t add_gid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *group)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+       gid_t gid;
+       unsigned int off;
+
+       /* lookup, if we know it already */
+       for (i = 0; i < rules->gids_cur; i++) {
+               off = rules->gids[i].name_off;
+               if (strcmp(&rules->buf[off], group) == 0) {
+                       gid = rules->gids[i].gid;
+                       dbg(rules->udev, "return existing %u for '%s'\n", gid, group);
+                       return gid;
+               }
+       }
+       gid = util_lookup_group(rules->udev, group);
+
+       /* grow buffer if needed */
+       if (rules->gids_cur+1 >= rules->gids_max) {
+               struct uid_gid *gids;
+               unsigned int add;
+
+               /* double the buffer size */
+               add = rules->gids_max;
+               if (add < 1)
+                       add = 8;
+
+               gids = realloc(rules->gids, (rules->gids_max + add ) * sizeof(struct uid_gid));
+               if (gids == NULL)
+                       return gid;
+               dbg(rules->udev, "extend gids from %u to %u\n", rules->gids_max, rules->gids_max + add);
+               rules->gids = gids;
+               rules->gids_max += add;
+       }
+       rules->gids[rules->gids_cur].gid = gid;
+       off = add_string(rules, group);
+       if (off <= 0)
+               return gid;
+       rules->gids[rules->gids_cur].name_off = off;
+       rules->gids_cur++;
+       return gid;
+}
+
 static int import_property_from_string(struct udev_device *dev, char *line)
 {
        struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
@@ -314,7 +705,7 @@ static int import_property_from_string(struct udev_device *dev, char *line)
                val++;
        }
 
-       info(udev, "adding '%s'='%s'\n", key, val);
+       dbg(udev, "adding '%s'='%s'\n", key, val);
 
        /* handle device, renamed by external tool, returning new path */
        if (strcmp(key, "DEVPATH") == 0) {
@@ -322,15 +713,15 @@ static int import_property_from_string(struct udev_device *dev, char *line)
 
                info(udev, "updating devpath from '%s' to '%s'\n",
                     udev_device_get_devpath(dev), val);
-               util_strlcpy(syspath, udev_get_sys_path(udev), sizeof(syspath));
-               util_strlcat(syspath, val, sizeof(syspath));
+               util_strscpyl(syspath, sizeof(syspath), udev_get_sys_path(udev), val, NULL);
                udev_device_set_syspath(dev, syspath);
        } else {
                struct udev_list_entry *entry;
 
                entry = udev_device_add_property(dev, key, val);
-               /* store in db */
-               udev_list_entry_set_flag(entry, 1);
+               /* store in db, skip private keys */
+               if (key[0] != '.')
+                       udev_list_entry_set_flag(entry, 1);
        }
        return 0;
 }
@@ -353,12 +744,12 @@ static int import_program_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *p
 {
        struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
        char **envp;
-       char result[2048];
+       char result[4096];
        size_t reslen;
        char *line;
 
        envp = udev_device_get_properties_envp(dev);
-       if (util_run_program(udev, program, envp, result, sizeof(result), &reslen) != 0)
+       if (util_run_program(udev, program, envp, result, sizeof(result), &reslen, NULL) != 0)
                return -1;
 
        line = result;
@@ -396,8 +787,9 @@ static int import_parent_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *fi
 
                        dbg(udev, "import key '%s=%s'\n", key, val);
                        entry = udev_device_add_property(dev, key, val);
-                       /* store in db */
-                       udev_list_entry_set_flag(entry, 1);
+                       /* store in db, skip private keys */
+                       if (key[0] != '.')
+                               udev_list_entry_set_flag(entry, 1);
                }
        }
        return 0;
@@ -408,23 +800,23 @@ static int wait_for_file(struct udev_device *dev, const char *file, int timeout)
 {
        struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
        char filepath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-       char devicepath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE] = "";
+       char devicepath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
        struct stat stats;
        int loop = timeout * WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND;
 
        /* a relative path is a device attribute */
+       devicepath[0] = '\0';
        if (file[0] != '/') {
-               util_strlcpy(devicepath, udev_get_sys_path(udev), sizeof(devicepath));
-               util_strlcat(devicepath, udev_device_get_devpath(dev), sizeof(devicepath));
-
-               util_strlcpy(filepath, devicepath, sizeof(filepath));
-               util_strlcat(filepath, "/", sizeof(filepath));
-               util_strlcat(filepath, file, sizeof(filepath));
+               util_strscpyl(devicepath, sizeof(devicepath),
+                             udev_get_sys_path(udev), udev_device_get_devpath(dev), NULL);
+               util_strscpyl(filepath, sizeof(filepath), devicepath, "/", file, NULL);
                file = filepath;
        }
 
        dbg(udev, "will wait %i sec for '%s'\n", timeout, file);
        while (--loop) {
+               const struct timespec duration = { 0, 1000 * 1000 * 1000 / WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND };
+
                /* lookup file */
                if (stat(file, &stats) == 0) {
                        info(udev, "file '%s' appeared after %i loops\n", file, (timeout * WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND) - loop-1);
@@ -436,7 +828,7 @@ static int wait_for_file(struct udev_device *dev, const char *file, int timeout)
                        return -2;
                }
                info(udev, "wait for '%s' for %i mseconds\n", file, 1000 / WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND);
-               usleep(1000 * 1000 / WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND);
+               nanosleep(&duration, NULL);
        }
        info(udev, "waiting for '%s' failed\n", file);
        return -1;
@@ -444,17 +836,21 @@ static int wait_for_file(struct udev_device *dev, const char *file, int timeout)
 
 static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len)
 {
-       char *pos;
        int found = 0;
 
-       pos = strstr(attr, "/*/");
-       if (pos != NULL) {
-               char str[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+       if (strstr(attr, "/*/")) {
+               char *pos;
+               char dirname[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+               const char *tail;
                DIR *dir;
 
-               pos[1] = '\0';
-               util_strlcpy(str, &pos[2], sizeof(str));
-               dir = opendir(attr);
+               util_strscpy(dirname, sizeof(dirname), attr);
+               pos = strstr(dirname, "/*/");
+               if (pos == NULL)
+                       return -1;
+               pos[0] = '\0';
+               tail = &pos[2];
+               dir = opendir(dirname);
                if (dir != NULL) {
                        struct dirent *dent;
 
@@ -463,30 +859,26 @@ static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len)
 
                                if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
                                        continue;
-                               util_strlcat(attr, dent->d_name, len);
-                               util_strlcat(attr, str, len);
+                               util_strscpyl(attr, len, dirname, "/", dent->d_name, tail, NULL);
                                if (stat(attr, &stats) == 0) {
                                        found = 1;
                                        break;
                                }
-                               pos[1] = '\0';
                        }
                        closedir(dir);
                }
-               if (!found)
-                       util_strlcat(attr, str, len);
        }
 
        return found;
 }
 
-static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum key_operation *op, char **value)
+static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum operation_type *op, char **value)
 {
        char *linepos;
        char *temp;
 
        linepos = *line;
-       if (linepos == NULL && linepos[0] == '\0')
+       if (linepos == NULL || linepos[0] == '\0')
                return -1;
 
        /* skip whitespace */
@@ -522,19 +914,19 @@ static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum key_operatio
 
        /* get operation type */
        if (linepos[0] == '=' && linepos[1] == '=') {
-               *op = KEY_OP_MATCH;
+               *op = OP_MATCH;
                linepos += 2;
        } else if (linepos[0] == '!' && linepos[1] == '=') {
-               *op = KEY_OP_NOMATCH;
+               *op = OP_NOMATCH;
                linepos += 2;
        } else if (linepos[0] == '+' && linepos[1] == '=') {
-               *op = KEY_OP_ADD;
+               *op = OP_ADD;
                linepos += 2;
        } else if (linepos[0] == '=') {
-               *op = KEY_OP_ASSIGN;
+               *op = OP_ASSIGN;
                linepos++;
        } else if (linepos[0] == ':' && linepos[1] == '=') {
-               *op = KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL;
+               *op = OP_ASSIGN_FINAL;
                linepos += 2;
        } else
                return -1;
@@ -548,19 +940,20 @@ static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum key_operatio
        if (linepos[0] == '\0')
                return -1;
 
-       /* get the value*/
+       /* get the value */
        if (linepos[0] == '"')
                linepos++;
        else
                return -1;
        *value = linepos;
 
+       /* terminate */
        temp = strchr(linepos, '"');
        if (!temp)
                return -1;
        temp[0] = '\0';
        temp++;
-       dbg(udev, "%s '%s'-'%s'\n", operation_str[*op], *key, *value);
+       dbg(udev, "%s '%s'-'%s'\n", operation_str(*op), *key, *value);
 
        /* move line to next key */
        *line = temp;
@@ -588,13 +981,14 @@ static char *get_key_attribute(struct udev *udev, char *str)
        return NULL;
 }
 
-static int rule_add_token(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
-                         enum key_operation op,
-                         const char *value, const void *data)
+static int rule_add_key(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
+                       enum operation_type op,
+                       const char *value, const void *data)
 {
        struct token *token = &rule_tmp->token[rule_tmp->token_cur];
-       const char *attr = data;
-       mode_t mode = 0000;
+       const char *attr = NULL;
+
+       memset(token, 0x00, sizeof(struct token));
 
        switch (type) {
        case TK_M_ACTION:
@@ -626,14 +1020,14 @@ static int rule_add_token(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
        case TK_M_ATTRS:
        case TK_A_ATTR:
        case TK_A_ENV:
+               attr = data;
                token->key.value_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
                token->key.attr_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, attr);
                break;
        case TK_M_TEST:
-               if (data != NULL)
-                       mode = *(mode_t *)data;
                token->key.value_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
-               token->key.mode = mode;
+               if (data != NULL)
+                       token->key.mode = *(mode_t *)data;
                break;
        case TK_A_IGNORE_DEVICE:
        case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE:
@@ -645,9 +1039,8 @@ static int rule_add_token(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
                token->key.value_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
                token->key.ignore_error = *(int *)data;
                break;
+       case TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH:
        case TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART:
-               token->key.num_fake_part = *(int *)data;
-               break;
        case TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO:
                token->key.devlink_prio = *(int *)data;
                break;
@@ -664,13 +1057,59 @@ static int rule_add_token(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
                token->key.event_timeout = *(int *)data;
                break;
        case TK_RULE:
-       case TK_PARENTS_MAX:
+       case TK_M_PARENTS_MIN:
+       case TK_M_PARENTS_MAX:
+       case TK_M_MAX:
        case TK_END:
-       case TK_UNDEF:
+       case TK_UNSET:
                err(rule_tmp->rules->udev, "wrong type %u\n", type);
                return -1;
        }
-       token->type = type;
+
+       if (value != NULL && type < TK_M_MAX) {
+               /* check if we need to split or call fnmatch() while matching rules */
+               enum string_glob_type glob;
+               int has_split;
+               int has_glob;
+
+               has_split = (strchr(value, '|') != NULL);
+               has_glob = (strchr(value, '*') != NULL || strchr(value, '?') != NULL || strchr(value, '[') != NULL);
+               if (has_split && has_glob) {
+                       glob = GL_SPLIT_GLOB;
+               } else if (has_split) {
+                       glob = GL_SPLIT;
+               } else if (has_glob) {
+                       if (strcmp(value, "?*") == 0)
+                               glob = GL_SOMETHING;
+                       else
+                               glob = GL_GLOB;
+               } else {
+                       glob = GL_PLAIN;
+               }
+               token->key.glob = glob;
+       }
+
+       if (value != NULL && type > TK_M_MAX) {
+               /* check if assigned value has substitution chars */
+               if (value[0] == '[')
+                       token->key.subst = SB_SUBSYS;
+               else if (strchr(value, '%') != NULL || strchr(value, '$') != NULL)
+                       token->key.subst = SB_FORMAT;
+               else
+                       token->key.subst = SB_NONE;
+       }
+
+       if (attr != NULL) {
+               /* check if property/attribut name has substitution chars */
+               if (attr[0] == '[')
+                       token->key.attrsubst = SB_SUBSYS;
+               else if (strchr(attr, '%') != NULL || strchr(attr, '$') != NULL)
+                       token->key.attrsubst = SB_FORMAT;
+               else
+                       token->key.attrsubst = SB_NONE;
+       }
+
+       token->key.type = type;
        token->key.op = op;
        rule_tmp->token_cur++;
        if (rule_tmp->token_cur >= ARRAY_SIZE(rule_tmp->token)) {
@@ -680,117 +1119,6 @@ static int rule_add_token(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
        return 0;
 }
 
-#ifdef DEBUG
-static void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
-{
-       enum token_type type = token->type;
-       enum key_operation op = token->key.op;
-       const char *value = &rules->buf[token->key.value_off];
-       const char *attr = &rules->buf[token->key.attr_off];
-
-       switch (type) {
-       case TK_RULE:
-               {
-                       const char *tks_ptr = (char *)rules->tokens;
-                       const char *tk_ptr = (char *)token;
-                       unsigned int off = tk_ptr - tks_ptr;
-
-                       dbg(rules->udev, "* RULE '%s', off: %u(%u), next: %u, label: '%s'\n",
-                           &rules->buf[token->rule.filename_off],
-                           off / (unsigned int) sizeof(struct token), off,
-                           token->rule.next_rule,
-                           &rules->buf[token->rule.label_off]);
-                       break;
-               }
-       case TK_M_ACTION:
-       case TK_M_DEVPATH:
-       case TK_M_KERNEL:
-       case TK_M_SUBSYSTEM:
-       case TK_M_DRIVER:
-       case TK_M_WAITFOR:
-       case TK_M_DEVLINK:
-       case TK_M_NAME:
-       case TK_M_KERNELS:
-       case TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS:
-       case TK_M_DRIVERS:
-       case TK_M_PROGRAM:
-       case TK_M_IMPORT_FILE:
-       case TK_M_IMPORT_PROG:
-       case TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT:
-       case TK_M_RESULT:
-       case TK_A_NAME:
-       case TK_A_DEVLINK:
-       case TK_A_OWNER:
-       case TK_A_GROUP:
-       case TK_A_MODE:
-       case TK_A_RUN:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s'\n", token_str[type], operation_str[op], value);
-               break;
-       case TK_M_ATTR:
-       case TK_M_ATTRS:
-       case TK_M_ENV:
-       case TK_A_ATTR:
-       case TK_A_ENV:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s' '%s'\n", token_str[type], operation_str[op], attr, value);
-               break;
-       case TK_A_IGNORE_DEVICE:
-       case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE:
-       case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE:
-       case TK_A_LAST_RULE:
-       case TK_A_IGNORE_REMOVE:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s\n", token_str[type]);
-               break;
-       case TK_M_TEST:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s' %#o\n", token_str[type], operation_str[op], value, token->key.mode);
-               break;
-       case TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %u\n", token_str[type], token->key.num_fake_part);
-               break;
-       case TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str[type], operation_str[op], token->key.devlink_prio);
-               break;
-       case TK_A_OWNER_ID:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str[type], operation_str[op], token->key.uid);
-               break;
-       case TK_A_GROUP_ID:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str[type], operation_str[op], token->key.gid);
-               break;
-       case TK_A_MODE_ID:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %#o\n", token_str[type], operation_str[op], token->key.mode);
-               break;
-       case TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str[type], operation_str[op], token->key.event_timeout);
-               break;
-       case TK_A_GOTO:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s '%s' %u\n", token_str[type], value, token->key.rule_goto);
-               break;
-       case TK_END:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "* %s\n", token_str[type]);
-               break;
-       case TK_PARENTS_MAX:
-       case TK_UNDEF:
-               dbg(rules->udev, "unknown type %u\n", type);
-               break;
-       }
-}
-
-static void dump_rules(struct udev_rules *rules)
-{
-       unsigned int i;
-
-       dbg(rules->udev, "dumping %u (%zu bytes) tokens, %u (%zu bytes) strings\n",
-           rules->token_cur,
-           rules->token_cur * sizeof(struct token),
-           rules->buf_count,
-           rules->buf_cur);
-       for(i = 0; i < rules->token_cur; i++)
-               dump_token(rules, &rules->tokens[i]);
-}
-#else
-static inline void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token) {}
-static inline void dump_rules(struct udev_rules *rules) {}
-#endif /* DEBUG */
-
 static int sort_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp)
 {
        unsigned int i;
@@ -798,15 +1126,15 @@ static int sort_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp)
        unsigned int end = rule_tmp->token_cur;
 
        for (i = 0; i < rule_tmp->token_cur; i++) {
-               enum token_type next_val = TK_UNDEF;
+               enum token_type next_val = TK_UNSET;
                unsigned int next_idx;
                unsigned int j;
 
                /* find smallest value */
                for (j = start; j < end; j++) {
-                       if (rule_tmp->token[j].type == TK_UNDEF)
+                       if (rule_tmp->token[j].type == TK_UNSET)
                                continue;
-                       if (next_val == TK_UNDEF || rule_tmp->token[j].type < next_val) {
+                       if (next_val == TK_UNSET || rule_tmp->token[j].type < next_val) {
                                next_val = rule_tmp->token[j].type;
                                next_idx = j;
                        }
@@ -815,7 +1143,7 @@ static int sort_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp)
                /* add token and mark done */
                if (add_token(rules, &rule_tmp->token[next_idx]) != 0)
                        return -1;
-               rule_tmp->token[next_idx].type = TK_UNDEF;
+               rule_tmp->token[next_idx].type = TK_UNSET;
 
                /* shrink range */
                if (next_idx == start)
@@ -829,58 +1157,54 @@ static int sort_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp)
 static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                    const char *filename, unsigned int filename_off, unsigned int lineno)
 {
-       int valid = 0;
        char *linepos;
        char *attr;
-       int physdev = 0;
        struct rule_tmp rule_tmp;
 
        memset(&rule_tmp, 0x00, sizeof(struct rule_tmp));
        rule_tmp.rules = rules;
        rule_tmp.rule.type = TK_RULE;
        rule_tmp.rule.rule.filename_off = filename_off;
+       rule_tmp.rule.rule.filename_line = lineno;
 
        linepos = line;
        while (1) {
                char *key;
                char *value;
-               enum key_operation op = KEY_OP_UNSET;
+               enum operation_type op;
 
                if (get_key(rules->udev, &linepos, &key, &op, &value) != 0)
                        break;
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "ACTION") == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "ACTION") == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid ACTION operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ACTION, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ACTION, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "DEVPATH") == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "DEVPATH") == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid DEVPATH operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DEVPATH, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DEVPATH, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "KERNEL") == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "KERNEL") == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid KERNEL operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_KERNEL, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_KERNEL, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "SUBSYSTEM") == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "SUBSYSTEM") == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid SUBSYSTEM operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
@@ -891,73 +1215,67 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                                if (strcmp(value, "bus") == 0 || strcmp(value, "class") == 0)
                                        err(rules->udev, "'%s' must be specified as 'subsystem' \n"
                                            "please fix it in %s:%u", value, filename, lineno);
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEM, op, "subsystem|class|bus", NULL);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEM, op, "subsystem|class|bus", NULL);
                        } else
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEM, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEM, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "DRIVER") == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "DRIVER") == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid DRIVER operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DRIVER, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DRIVER, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strncasecmp(key, "ATTR{", sizeof("ATTR{")-1) == 0) {
+               if (strncmp(key, "ATTR{", sizeof("ATTR{")-1) == 0) {
                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("ATTR")-1);
                        if (attr == NULL) {
                                err(rules->udev, "error parsing ATTR attribute\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       if (op == KEY_OP_MATCH || op == KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ATTR, op, value, attr);
+                       if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ATTR, op, value, attr);
                        } else {
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_ATTR, op, value, attr);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_ATTR, op, value, attr);
                        }
-                       valid = 1;
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "KERNELS") == 0 ||
-                   strcasecmp(key, "ID") == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "KERNELS") == 0 ||
+                   strcmp(key, "ID") == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid KERNELS operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_KERNELS, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_KERNELS, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "SUBSYSTEMS") == 0 ||
-                   strcasecmp(key, "BUS") == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "SUBSYSTEMS") == 0 ||
+                   strcmp(key, "BUS") == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid SUBSYSTEMS operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "DRIVERS") == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "DRIVERS") == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid DRIVERS operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DRIVERS, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DRIVERS, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strncasecmp(key, "ATTRS{", sizeof("ATTRS{")-1) == 0 ||
-                   strncasecmp(key, "SYSFS{", sizeof("SYSFS{")-1) == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strncmp(key, "ATTRS{", sizeof("ATTRS{")-1) == 0 ||
+                   strncmp(key, "SYSFS{", sizeof("SYSFS{")-1) == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid ATTRS operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
@@ -972,295 +1290,284 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                        else if (strstr(attr, "../") != NULL)
                                err(rules->udev, "do not reference parent sysfs directories directly, "
                                    "it may break with a future kernel, please fix it in %s:%u", filename, lineno);
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ATTRS, op, value, attr);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ATTRS, op, value, attr);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strncasecmp(key, "ENV{", sizeof("ENV{")-1) == 0) {
+               if (strncmp(key, "ENV{", sizeof("ENV{")-1) == 0) {
                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("ENV")-1);
                        if (attr == NULL) {
                                err(rules->udev, "error parsing ENV attribute\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       if (strncmp(attr, "PHYSDEV", 7) == 0)
-                               physdev = 1;
-                       if (op == KEY_OP_MATCH || op == KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
-                               if (rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ENV, op, value, attr) != 0)
+                       if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
+                               if (rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ENV, op, value, attr) != 0)
                                        goto invalid;
                        } else {
-                               if (rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_ENV, op, value, attr) != 0)
+                               if (rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_ENV, op, value, attr) != 0)
                                        goto invalid;
                        }
-                       valid = 1;
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "PROGRAM") == 0) {
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_PROGRAM, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+               if (strcmp(key, "PROGRAM") == 0) {
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_PROGRAM, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "RESULT") == 0) {
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "RESULT") == 0) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid RESULT operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_RESULT, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_RESULT, op, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strncasecmp(key, "IMPORT", sizeof("IMPORT")-1) == 0) {
+               if (strncmp(key, "IMPORT", sizeof("IMPORT")-1) == 0) {
                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("IMPORT")-1);
                        if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "program")) {
                                dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be executed\n");
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PROG, op, value, NULL);
-                               valid = 1;
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PROG, op, value, NULL);
                        } else if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "file")) {
                                dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be included as file\n");
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_FILE, op, value, NULL);
-                               valid = 1;
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_FILE, op, value, NULL);
                        } else if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "parent")) {
                                dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will include the parent values\n");
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT, op, value, NULL);
-                               valid = 1;
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT, op, value, NULL);
                        } else {
                                /* figure it out if it is executable */
                                char file[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
                                char *pos;
                                struct stat statbuf;
 
-                               util_strlcpy(file, value, sizeof(file));
+                               /* allow programs in /lib/udev called without the path */
+                               if (value[0] != '/')
+                                       util_strscpyl(file, sizeof(file), LIBEXECDIR "/", value, NULL);
+                               else
+                                       util_strscpy(file, sizeof(file), value);
                                pos = strchr(file, ' ');
                                if (pos)
                                        pos[0] = '\0';
-
-                               /* allow programs in /lib/udev called without the path */
-                               if (strchr(file, '/') == NULL) {
-                                       util_strlcpy(file, UDEV_PREFIX "/lib/udev/", sizeof(file));
-                                       util_strlcat(file, value, sizeof(file));
-                                       pos = strchr(file, ' ');
-                                       if (pos)
-                                               pos[0] = '\0';
-                               }
-
                                dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT auto mode for '%s'\n", file);
-                               if (!lstat(file, &statbuf) && (statbuf.st_mode & S_IXUSR)) {
+                               if (stat(file, &statbuf) == 0 && (statbuf.st_mode & S_IXUSR)) {
                                        dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be executed (autotype)\n");
-                                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PROG, op, value, NULL);
-                                       valid = 1;
+                                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PROG, op, value, NULL);
                                } else {
                                        dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be included as file (autotype)\n");
-                                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_FILE, op, value, NULL);
-                                       valid = 1;
+                                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_FILE, op, value, NULL);
                                }
                        }
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strncasecmp(key, "TEST", sizeof("TEST")-1) == 0) {
+               if (strncmp(key, "TEST", sizeof("TEST")-1) == 0) {
                        mode_t mode = 0;
 
-                       if (op != KEY_OP_MATCH && op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                       if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                err(rules->udev, "invalid TEST operation\n");
                                goto invalid;
                        }
                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("TEST")-1);
                        if (attr != NULL) {
                                mode = strtol(attr, NULL, 8);
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_TEST, op, value, &mode);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_TEST, op, value, &mode);
                        } else {
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_TEST, op, value, NULL);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_TEST, op, value, NULL);
                        }
-                       valid = 1;
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strncasecmp(key, "RUN", sizeof("RUN")-1) == 0) {
+               if (strncmp(key, "RUN", sizeof("RUN")-1) == 0) {
                        int flag = 0;
 
                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("RUN")-1);
-                       if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "ignore_error"))
+                       if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "fail_event_on_error"))
                                flag = 1;
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_RUN, op, value, &flag);
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_RUN, op, value, &flag);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "WAIT_FOR") == 0 || strcasecmp(key, "WAIT_FOR_SYSFS") == 0) {
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_WAITFOR, 0, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+               if (strcmp(key, "WAIT_FOR") == 0 || strcmp(key, "WAIT_FOR_SYSFS") == 0) {
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_WAITFOR, 0, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "LABEL") == 0) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "LABEL") == 0) {
                        rule_tmp.rule.rule.label_off = add_string(rules, value);
-                       valid = 1;
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "GOTO") == 0) {
-                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GOTO, 0, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+               if (strcmp(key, "GOTO") == 0) {
+                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GOTO, 0, value, NULL);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strncasecmp(key, "NAME", sizeof("NAME")-1) == 0) {
-                       if (op == KEY_OP_MATCH || op == KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_NAME, op, value, NULL);
+               if (strncmp(key, "NAME", sizeof("NAME")-1) == 0) {
+                       if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_NAME, op, value, NULL);
                        } else {
                                if (value[0] == '\0')
-                                       dbg(rules->udev, "name empty, node creation suppressed\n");
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_NAME, op, value, NULL);
+                                       info(rules->udev, "name empty, node creation suppressed\n");
+                               else if (strcmp(value, "%k") == 0)
+                                       err(rules->udev, "NAME=\"%%k\" is superfluous and breaks "
+                                           "kernel supplied names, please remove it from %s:%u\n", filename, lineno);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_NAME, op, value, NULL);
                                attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("NAME")-1);
                                if (attr != NULL) {
                                        if (strstr(attr, "all_partitions") != NULL) {
                                                int num = DEFAULT_FAKE_PARTITIONS_COUNT;
 
                                                dbg(rules->udev, "creation of partition nodes requested\n");
-                                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART, 0, NULL, &num);
+                                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART, 0, NULL, &num);
                                        }
                                        if (strstr(attr, "ignore_remove") != NULL) {
                                                dbg(rules->udev, "remove event should be ignored\n");
-                                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_IGNORE_REMOVE, 0, NULL, NULL);
+                                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_IGNORE_REMOVE, 0, NULL, NULL);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
+                       rule_tmp.rule.rule.flags = 1;
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "SYMLINK") == 0) {
-                       if (op == KEY_OP_MATCH || op == KEY_OP_NOMATCH)
-                                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DEVLINK, op, value, NULL);
-                               else
-                                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_DEVLINK, op, value, NULL);
-                               valid = 1;
-                               continue;
-                       }
+               if (strcmp(key, "SYMLINK") == 0) {
+                       if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX)
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DEVLINK, op, value, NULL);
+                       else
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_DEVLINK, op, value, NULL);
+                       rule_tmp.rule.rule.flags = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "OWNER") == 0) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "OWNER") == 0) {
                        uid_t uid;
                        char *endptr;
 
                        uid = strtoul(value, &endptr, 10);
                        if (endptr[0] == '\0') {
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER_ID, op, NULL, &uid);
-                       } else if (rules->resolve_names && strchr("$%", value[0]) == NULL) {
-                               uid = util_lookup_user(rules->udev, value);
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER_ID, op, NULL, &uid);
-                       } else {
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER, op, value, NULL);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER_ID, op, NULL, &uid);
+                       } else if ((rules->resolve_names > 0) && strchr("$%", value[0]) == NULL) {
+                               uid = add_uid(rules, value);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER_ID, op, NULL, &uid);
+                       } else if (rules->resolve_names >= 0) {
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER, op, value, NULL);
                        }
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_tmp.rule.rule.flags = 1;
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "GROUP") == 0) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "GROUP") == 0) {
                        gid_t gid;
                        char *endptr;
 
                        gid = strtoul(value, &endptr, 10);
                        if (endptr[0] == '\0') {
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP_ID, op, NULL, &gid);
-                       } else if (rules->resolve_names && strchr("$%", value[0]) == NULL) {
-                               gid = util_lookup_group(rules->udev, value);
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP_ID, op, NULL, &gid);
-                       } else {
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP, op, value, NULL);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP_ID, op, NULL, &gid);
+                       } else if ((rules->resolve_names > 0) && strchr("$%", value[0]) == NULL) {
+                               gid = add_gid(rules, value);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP_ID, op, NULL, &gid);
+                       } else if (rules->resolve_names >= 0) {
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP, op, value, NULL);
                        }
-                       valid = 1;
+                       rule_tmp.rule.rule.flags = 1;
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "MODE") == 0) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "MODE") == 0) {
                        mode_t mode;
                        char *endptr;
 
                        mode = strtol(value, &endptr, 8);
                        if (endptr[0] == '\0')
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_MODE_ID, op, NULL, &mode);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_MODE_ID, op, NULL, &mode);
                        else
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_MODE, op, value, NULL);
-                       valid = 1;
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_MODE, op, value, NULL);
+                       rule_tmp.rule.rule.flags = 1;
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (strcasecmp(key, "OPTIONS") == 0) {
+               if (strcmp(key, "OPTIONS") == 0) {
                        const char *pos;
 
                        if (strstr(value, "last_rule") != NULL) {
                                dbg(rules->udev, "last rule to be applied\n");
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_LAST_RULE, 0, NULL, NULL);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_LAST_RULE, 0, NULL, NULL);
                        }
                        if (strstr(value, "ignore_device") != NULL) {
                                dbg(rules->udev, "device should be ignored\n");
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_IGNORE_DEVICE, 0, NULL, NULL);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_IGNORE_DEVICE, 0, NULL, NULL);
                        }
                        if (strstr(value, "ignore_remove") != NULL) {
                                dbg(rules->udev, "remove event should be ignored\n");
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_IGNORE_REMOVE, 0, NULL, NULL);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_IGNORE_REMOVE, 0, NULL, NULL);
                        }
                        pos = strstr(value, "link_priority=");
                        if (pos != NULL) {
                                int prio = atoi(&pos[strlen("link_priority=")]);
 
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO, 0, NULL, &prio);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO, 0, NULL, &prio);
                                dbg(rules->udev, "link priority=%i\n", prio);
                        }
                        pos = strstr(value, "event_timeout=");
                        if (pos != NULL) {
                                int tout = atoi(&pos[strlen("event_timeout=")]);
 
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT, 0, NULL, &tout);
-                               dbg(rules->udev, "event timout=%i\n", tout);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT, 0, NULL, &tout);
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "event timeout=%i\n", tout);
                        }
                        pos = strstr(value, "string_escape=");
                        if (pos != NULL) {
                                pos = &pos[strlen("string_escape=")];
                                if (strncmp(pos, "none", strlen("none")) == 0)
-                                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE, 0, NULL, NULL);
+                                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE, 0, NULL, NULL);
                                else if (strncmp(pos, "replace", strlen("replace")) == 0)
-                                       rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE, 0, NULL, NULL);
+                                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE, 0, NULL, NULL);
                        }
                        if (strstr(value, "all_partitions") != NULL) {
                                int num = DEFAULT_FAKE_PARTITIONS_COUNT;
 
-                               rule_add_token(&rule_tmp, TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART, 0, NULL, &num);
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_NUM_FAKE_PART, 0, NULL, &num);
                                dbg(rules->udev, "creation of partition nodes requested\n");
                        }
-                       valid = 1;
+                       pos = strstr(value, "nowatch");
+                       if (pos != NULL) {
+                               const int off = 0;
+
+                               rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH, 0, NULL, &off);
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "inotify watch of device disabled\n");
+                       } else {
+                               pos = strstr(value, "watch");
+                               if (pos != NULL) {
+                                       const int on = 1;
+
+                                       rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH, 0, NULL, &on);
+                                       dbg(rules->udev, "inotify watch of device requested\n");
+                               }
+                       }
                        continue;
                }
                err(rules->udev, "unknown key '%s' in %s:%u\n", key, filename, lineno);
        }
 
-       if (physdev)
-               err(rules->udev, "PHYSDEV* values are deprecated and not available on recent kernels, \n"
-                   "please fix it in %s:%u", filename, lineno);
-
-       /* skip line if not any valid key was found */
-       if (!valid)
-               goto invalid;
-
        /* add rule token */
+       rule_tmp.rule.rule.token_count = 1 + rule_tmp.token_cur;
        if (add_token(rules, &rule_tmp.rule) != 0)
                goto invalid;
 
        /* add tokens to list, sorted by type */
        if (sort_token(rules, &rule_tmp) != 0)
                goto invalid;
+
        return 0;
 invalid:
        err(rules->udev, "invalid rule '%s:%u'\n", filename, lineno);
        return -1;
 }
 
-static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename)
+static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename, unsigned short filename_off)
 {
        FILE *f;
-       unsigned int filename_off;
        unsigned int first_token;
        char line[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
        int line_nr = 0;
@@ -1272,10 +1579,9 @@ static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename)
        if (f == NULL)
                return -1;
 
-       filename_off = add_string(rules, filename);
        first_token = rules->token_cur;
 
-       while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) != NULL) {
+       while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) != NULL) {
                char *key;
                size_t len;
 
@@ -1297,6 +1603,8 @@ static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename)
                while (line[len-2] == '\\') {
                        if (fgets(&line[len-2], (sizeof(line)-len)+2, f) == NULL)
                                break;
+                       if (strlen(&line[len-2]) < 2)
+                               break;
                        line_nr++;
                        len = strlen(line);
                }
@@ -1323,6 +1631,7 @@ static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename)
                                if (strcmp(label, &rules->buf[rules->tokens[j].rule.label_off]) != 0)
                                        continue;
                                rules->tokens[i].key.rule_goto = j;
+                               break;
                        }
                        if (rules->tokens[i].key.rule_goto == 0)
                                err(rules->udev, "GOTO '%s' has no matching label in: '%s'\n", label, filename);
@@ -1333,39 +1642,38 @@ static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename)
 
 static int add_matching_files(struct udev *udev, struct udev_list_node *file_list, const char *dirname, const char *suffix)
 {
-       struct dirent *ent;
        DIR *dir;
        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
 
        dbg(udev, "open directory '%s'\n", dirname);
        dir = opendir(dirname);
        if (dir == NULL) {
-               err(udev, "unable to open '%s': %m\n", dirname);
+               info(udev, "unable to open '%s': %m\n", dirname);
                return -1;
        }
 
        while (1) {
-               ent = readdir(dir);
-               if (ent == NULL || ent->d_name[0] == '\0')
+               struct dirent *dent;
+
+               dent = readdir(dir);
+               if (dent == NULL || dent->d_name[0] == '\0')
                        break;
 
-               if ((ent->d_name[0] == '.') || (ent->d_name[0] == '#'))
+               if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
                        continue;
 
                /* look for file matching with specified suffix */
                if (suffix != NULL) {
                        const char *ext;
 
-                       ext = strrchr(ent->d_name, '.');
+                       ext = strrchr(dent->d_name, '.');
                        if (ext == NULL)
                                continue;
                        if (strcmp(ext, suffix) != 0)
                                continue;
                }
-               dbg(udev, "put file '%s/%s' into list\n", dirname, ent->d_name);
-
-               snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/%s", dirname, ent->d_name);
-               filename[sizeof(filename)-1] = '\0';
+               util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), dirname, "/", dent->d_name, NULL);
+               dbg(udev, "put file '%s' into list\n", filename);
                udev_list_entry_add(udev, file_list, filename, NULL, 1, 1);
        }
 
@@ -1377,12 +1685,9 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
 {
        struct udev_rules *rules;
        struct stat statbuf;
-       char filename[PATH_MAX];
        struct udev_list_node file_list;
        struct udev_list_entry *file_loop, *file_tmp;
-       unsigned int prev_rule;
        struct token end_token;
-       unsigned int i;
 
        rules = malloc(sizeof(struct udev_rules));
        if (rules == NULL)
@@ -1397,6 +1702,7 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
        if (rules->tokens == NULL)
                return NULL;
        rules->token_max = PREALLOC_TOKEN;
+
        rules->buf = malloc(PREALLOC_STRBUF);
        if (rules->buf == NULL)
                return NULL;
@@ -1404,13 +1710,22 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
        /* offset 0 is always '\0' */
        rules->buf[0] = '\0';
        rules->buf_cur = 1;
-       info(udev, "prealloc %zu bytes tokens (%u * %zu bytes), %zu bytes buffer\n",
-            rules->token_max * sizeof(struct token), rules->token_max, sizeof(struct token), rules->buf_max);
+       dbg(udev, "prealloc %zu bytes tokens (%u * %zu bytes), %zu bytes buffer\n",
+           rules->token_max * sizeof(struct token), rules->token_max, sizeof(struct token), rules->buf_max);
+
+       rules->trie_nodes = malloc(PREALLOC_TRIE * sizeof(struct trie_node));
+       if (rules->trie_nodes == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+       rules->trie_nodes_max = PREALLOC_TRIE;
+       /* offset 0 is the trie root, with an empty string */
+       memset(rules->trie_nodes, 0x00, sizeof(struct trie_node));
+       rules->trie_nodes_cur = 1;
 
        if (udev_get_rules_path(udev) != NULL) {
                /* custom rules location for testing */
                add_matching_files(udev, &file_list, udev_get_rules_path(udev), ".rules");
        } else {
+               char filename[PATH_MAX];
                struct udev_list_node sort_list;
                struct udev_list_entry *sort_loop, *sort_tmp;
 
@@ -1418,8 +1733,7 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
                add_matching_files(udev, &file_list, SYSCONFDIR "/udev/rules.d", ".rules");
 
                /* read dynamic/temporary rules */
-               util_strlcpy(filename, udev_get_dev_path(udev), sizeof(filename));
-               util_strlcat(filename, "/.udev/rules.d", sizeof(filename));
+               util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_get_dev_path(udev), "/.udev/rules.d", NULL);
                if (stat(filename, &statbuf) != 0) {
                        util_create_path(udev, filename);
                        udev_selinux_setfscreatecon(udev, filename, S_IFDIR|0755);
@@ -1430,7 +1744,7 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
                add_matching_files(udev, &sort_list, filename, ".rules");
 
                /* read default rules */
-               add_matching_files(udev, &sort_list, UDEV_PREFIX "/lib/udev/rules.d", ".rules");
+               add_matching_files(udev, &sort_list, LIBEXECDIR "/rules.d", ".rules");
 
                /* sort all rules files by basename into list of files */
                udev_list_entry_foreach_safe(sort_loop, sort_tmp, udev_list_get_entry(&sort_list)) {
@@ -1439,7 +1753,7 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
 
                        if (sort_base == NULL)
                                continue;
-
+                       /* sort entry into existing list */
                        udev_list_entry_foreach_safe(file_loop, file_tmp, udev_list_get_entry(&file_list)) {
                                const char *file_name = udev_list_entry_get_name(file_loop);
                                const char *file_base = strrchr(file_name, '/');
@@ -1449,34 +1763,55 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
                                if (strcmp(file_base, sort_base) == 0) {
                                        info(udev, "rule file basename '%s' already added, ignoring '%s'\n",
                                             file_name, sort_name);
-                                       udev_list_entry_remove(sort_loop);
+                                       udev_list_entry_delete(sort_loop);
                                        sort_loop = NULL;
                                        break;
                                }
-                               if (strcmp(file_base, sort_base) > 0)
+                               if (strcmp(file_base, sort_base) > 0) {
+                                       /* found later file, insert before */
+                                       udev_list_entry_remove(sort_loop);
+                                       udev_list_entry_insert_before(sort_loop, file_loop);
+                                       sort_loop = NULL;
                                        break;
+                               }
                        }
-                       if (sort_loop != NULL)
-                               udev_list_entry_move_before(sort_loop, file_loop);
+                       /* current file already handled */
+                       if (sort_loop == NULL)
+                               continue;
+                       /* no later file, append to end of list */
+                       udev_list_entry_remove(sort_loop);
+                       udev_list_entry_append(sort_loop, &file_list);
                }
        }
 
+       /* add all filenames to the string buffer */
+       udev_list_entry_foreach(file_loop, udev_list_get_entry(&file_list)) {
+               const char *filename = udev_list_entry_get_name(file_loop);
+               unsigned int filename_off;
+
+               filename_off = add_string(rules, filename);
+               /* the offset in the rule is limited to unsigned short */
+               if (filename_off < USHRT_MAX)
+                       udev_list_entry_set_flag(file_loop, filename_off);
+       }
+
        /* parse list of files */
        udev_list_entry_foreach_safe(file_loop, file_tmp, udev_list_get_entry(&file_list)) {
-               const char *file_name = udev_list_entry_get_name(file_loop);
+               const char *filename = udev_list_entry_get_name(file_loop);
+               unsigned int filename_off = udev_list_entry_get_flag(file_loop);
 
-               if (stat(file_name, &statbuf) == 0 && statbuf.st_size > 0)
-                       parse_file(rules, file_name);
+               if (stat(filename, &statbuf) == 0 && statbuf.st_size > 0)
+                       parse_file(rules, filename, filename_off);
                else
-                       info(udev, "can not read '%s'\n", file_name);
-               udev_list_entry_remove(file_loop);
+                       err(udev, "can not read '%s'\n", filename);
+               udev_list_entry_delete(file_loop);
        }
 
        memset(&end_token, 0x00, sizeof(struct token));
        end_token.type = TK_END;
        add_token(rules, &end_token);
 
-       /* shrink allocate buffers */
+       /* shrink allocated token and string buffer */
        if (rules->token_cur < rules->token_max) {
                struct token *tokens;
 
@@ -1495,17 +1830,28 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
                        rules->buf_max = rules->buf_cur;
                }
        }
-       info(udev, "shrunk to %lu bytes tokens (%u * %zu bytes), %zu bytes buffer\n",
+       info(udev, "rules use %zu bytes tokens (%u * %zu bytes), %zu bytes buffer\n",
             rules->token_max * sizeof(struct token), rules->token_max, sizeof(struct token), rules->buf_max);
+       info(udev, "temporary index used %zu bytes (%u * %zu bytes)\n",
+            rules->trie_nodes_cur * sizeof(struct trie_node),
+            rules->trie_nodes_cur, sizeof(struct trie_node));
+
+       /* cleanup trie */
+       free(rules->trie_nodes);
+       rules->trie_nodes = NULL;
+       rules->trie_nodes_cur = 0;
+       rules->trie_nodes_max = 0;
+
+       /* cleanup uid/gid cache */
+       free(rules->uids);
+       rules->uids = NULL;
+       rules->uids_cur = 0;
+       rules->uids_max = 0;
+       free(rules->gids);
+       rules->gids = NULL;
+       rules->gids_cur = 0;
+       rules->gids_max = 0;
 
-       /* link all TK_RULE tokens to be able to fast-forward to next TK_RULE */
-       prev_rule = 0;
-       for (i = 1; i < rules->token_cur; i++) {
-               if (rules->tokens[i].type == TK_RULE) {
-                       rules->tokens[prev_rule].rule.next_rule = i;
-                       prev_rule = i;
-               }
-       }
        dump_rules(rules);
        return rules;
 }
@@ -1516,12 +1862,14 @@ void udev_rules_unref(struct udev_rules *rules)
                return;
        free(rules->tokens);
        free(rules->buf);
+       free(rules->trie_nodes);
+       free(rules->uids);
+       free(rules->gids);
        free(rules);
 }
 
 static int match_key(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token, const char *val)
 {
-       const char *key_name = token_str[token->type];
        char *key_value = &rules->buf[token->key.value_off];
        char *pos;
        int match = 0;
@@ -1529,68 +1877,124 @@ static int match_key(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token, const char *
        if (val == NULL)
                val = "";
 
-       /* look for a matching string, parts are separated by '|' */
-       if (strchr(key_value, '|') != NULL) {
-               char value[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+       switch (token->key.glob) {
+       case GL_PLAIN:
+               match = (strcmp(key_value, val) == 0);
+               break;
+       case GL_GLOB:
+               match = (fnmatch(key_value, val, 0) == 0);
+               break;
+       case GL_SPLIT:
+               {
+                       const char *split;
+                       size_t len;
+
+                       split = &rules->buf[token->key.value_off];
+                       len = strlen(val);
+                       while (1) {
+                               const char *next;
 
-               util_strlcpy(value, &rules->buf[token->key.value_off], sizeof(value));
-               key_value = value;
-               while (key_value != NULL) {
-                       pos = strchr(key_value, '|');
-                       if (pos != NULL) {
-                               pos[0] = '\0';
-                               pos = &pos[1];
+                               next = strchr(split, '|');
+                               if (next != NULL) {
+                                       size_t matchlen = (size_t)(next - split);
+
+                                       match = (matchlen == len && strncmp(split, val, matchlen) == 0);
+                                       if (match)
+                                               break;
+                               } else {
+                                       match = (strcmp(split, val) == 0);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               split = &next[1];
                        }
-                       dbg(rules->udev, "match %s '%s' <-> '%s'\n", key_name, key_value, val);
-                       match = (fnmatch(key_value, val, 0) == 0);
-                       if (match)
-                               break;
-                       key_value = pos;
+                       break;
                }
-       } else {
-               match = (fnmatch(key_value, val, 0) == 0);
+       case GL_SPLIT_GLOB:
+               {
+                       char value[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+
+                       util_strscpy(value, sizeof(value), &rules->buf[token->key.value_off]);
+                       key_value = value;
+                       while (key_value != NULL) {
+                               pos = strchr(key_value, '|');
+                               if (pos != NULL) {
+                                       pos[0] = '\0';
+                                       pos = &pos[1];
+                               }
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "match %s '%s' <-> '%s'\n", token_str(token->type), key_value, val);
+                               match = (fnmatch(key_value, val, 0) == 0);
+                               if (match)
+                                       break;
+                               key_value = pos;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+       case GL_SOMETHING:
+               match = (val[0] != '\0');
+               break;
+       case GL_UNSET:
+               return -1;
        }
 
-       if (match && (token->key.op == KEY_OP_MATCH)) {
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s is true (matching value)\n", key_name);
+       if (match && (token->key.op == OP_MATCH)) {
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s is true (matching value)\n", token_str(token->type));
                return 0;
        }
-       if (!match && (token->key.op == KEY_OP_NOMATCH)) {
-               dbg(rules->udev, "%s is true (non-matching value)\n", key_name);
+       if (!match && (token->key.op == OP_NOMATCH)) {
+               dbg(rules->udev, "%s is true (non-matching value)\n", token_str(token->type));
                return 0;
        }
-       dbg(rules->udev, "%s is not true\n", key_name);
+       dbg(rules->udev, "%s is not true\n", token_str(token->type));
        return -1;
 }
 
 static int match_attr(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_device *dev, struct udev_event *event, struct token *cur)
 {
-       char attr[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-       const char *key_name = &rules->buf[cur->key.attr_off];
-       const char *key_value = &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off];
-       char value[UTIL_NAME_SIZE] = "";
+       const char *name;
+       char nbuf[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
+       const char *value;
+       char vbuf[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
        size_t len;
 
-       util_strlcpy(attr, key_name, sizeof(attr));
-       util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, attr, value, sizeof(value), 1);
-       if (value[0] == '\0') {
-               const char *val;
-
-               val = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, key_name);
-               if (val != NULL)
-                       util_strlcpy(value, val, sizeof(value));
-       }
-       if (value[0]=='\0')
+       name = &rules->buf[cur->key.attr_off];
+       switch (cur->key.attrsubst) {
+       case SB_FORMAT:
+               udev_event_apply_format(event, name, nbuf, sizeof(nbuf));
+               name = nbuf;
+               /* fall through */
+       case SB_NONE:
+               value = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, name);
+               if (value == NULL)
+                       return -1;
+               break;
+       case SB_SUBSYS:
+               if (util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, name, vbuf, sizeof(vbuf), 1) != 0)
+                       return -1;
+               value = vbuf;
+               break;
+       default:
                return -1;
+       }
 
-       /* strip trailing whitespace of value, if not asked to match for it */
-       len = strlen(key_value);
-       if (len > 0 && !isspace(key_value[len-1])) {
-               len = strlen(value);
-               while (len > 0 && isspace(value[--len]))
-                       value[len] = '\0';
-               dbg(rules->udev, "removed trailing whitespace from '%s'\n", value);
+       /* remove trailing whitespace, if not asked to match for it */
+       len = strlen(value);
+       if (len > 0 && isspace(value[len-1])) {
+               const char *key_value;
+               size_t klen;
+
+               key_value = &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off];
+               klen = strlen(key_value);
+               if (klen > 0 && !isspace(key_value[klen-1])) {
+                       if (value != vbuf) {
+                               util_strscpy(vbuf, sizeof(vbuf), value);
+                               value = vbuf;
+                       }
+                       while (len > 0 && isspace(vbuf[--len]))
+                               vbuf[len] = '\0';
+                       dbg(rules->udev, "removed trailing whitespace from '%s'\n", value);
+               }
        }
+
        return match_key(rules, cur, value);
 }
 
@@ -1604,22 +2008,29 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 {
        struct token *cur;
        struct token *rule;
+       enum escape_type esc = ESCAPE_UNSET;
+       int can_set_name;
 
        if (rules->tokens == NULL)
                return -1;
 
+       can_set_name = ((strcmp(udev_device_get_action(event->dev), "add") == 0 ||
+                        strcmp(udev_device_get_action(event->dev), "change") == 0) &&
+                       (major(udev_device_get_devnum(event->dev)) > 0 ||
+                        strcmp(udev_device_get_subsystem(event->dev), "net") == 0));
+
        /* loop through token list, match, run actions or forward to next rule */
        cur = &rules->tokens[0];
        rule = cur;
-       while (cur != NULL && cur->type != TK_END) {
-               enum escape_type esc = ESCAPE_UNSET;
-               unsigned int idx;
-
+       while (1) {
                dump_token(rules, cur);
                switch (cur->type) {
                case TK_RULE:
                        /* current rule */
                        rule = cur;
+                       /* possibly skip rules which want to set NAME, SYMLINK, OWNER, GROUP, MODE */
+                       if (!can_set_name && rule->rule.flags)
+                               goto nomatch;
                        esc = ESCAPE_UNSET;
                        break;
                case TK_M_ACTION:
@@ -1659,13 +2070,10 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                        break;
                case TK_M_ENV:
                        {
-                               struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
                                const char *key_name = &rules->buf[cur->key.attr_off];
                                const char *value;
 
-                               list_entry = udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(event->dev);
-                               list_entry = udev_list_entry_get_by_name(list_entry, key_name);
-                               value = udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);
+                               value = udev_device_get_property_value(event->dev, key_name);
                                if (value == NULL) {
                                        dbg(event->udev, "ENV{%s} is not set, treat as empty\n", key_name);
                                        value = "";
@@ -1687,10 +2095,9 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
                                int found;
 
-                               util_strlcpy(filename, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(filename));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, filename, sizeof(filename));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], filename, sizeof(filename));
                                found = (wait_for_file(event->dev, filename, 10) == 0);
-                               if (!found && (cur->key.op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH))
+                               if (!found && (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH))
                                        goto nomatch;
                                break;
                        }
@@ -1707,7 +2114,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 
                                /* get whole sequence of parent matches */
                                next = cur;
-                               while (next->type < TK_PARENTS_MAX)
+                               while (next->type > TK_M_PARENTS_MIN && next->type < TK_M_PARENTS_MAX)
                                        next++;
 
                                /* loop over parents */
@@ -1760,30 +2167,28 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                struct stat statbuf;
                                int match;
 
-                               util_strlcpy(filename, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(filename));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, filename, sizeof(filename));
-                               if (util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, NULL, filename, sizeof(filename), 0) != 0)
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], filename, sizeof(filename));
+                               if (util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, filename, filename, sizeof(filename), 0) != 0) {
                                        if (filename[0] != '/') {
                                                char tmp[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
 
-                                               util_strlcpy(tmp, udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev), sizeof(tmp));
-                                               util_strlcat(tmp, "/", sizeof(tmp));
-                                               util_strlcat(tmp, filename, sizeof(tmp));
-                                               util_strlcpy(filename, tmp, sizeof(filename));
+                                               util_strscpy(tmp, sizeof(tmp), filename);
+                                               util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename),
+                                                             udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev), "/", tmp, NULL);
                                        }
-
+                               }
                                attr_subst_subdir(filename, sizeof(filename));
 
                                match = (stat(filename, &statbuf) == 0);
-                               info(event->udev, "'%s' %s", filename, match ? "exists\n" : "does not exist\n");
+                               dbg(event->udev, "'%s' %s", filename, match ? "exists\n" : "does not exist\n");
                                if (match && cur->key.mode > 0) {
                                        match = ((statbuf.st_mode & cur->key.mode) > 0);
-                                       info(event->udev, "'%s' has mode=%#o and %s %#o\n", filename, statbuf.st_mode,
-                                            match ? "matches" : "does not match", cur->key.mode);
+                                       dbg(event->udev, "'%s' has mode=%#o and %s %#o\n", filename, statbuf.st_mode,
+                                           match ? "matches" : "does not match", cur->key.mode);
                                }
-                               if (match && cur->key.op == KEY_OP_NOMATCH)
+                               if (match && cur->key.op == OP_NOMATCH)
                                        goto nomatch;
-                               if (!match && cur->key.op == KEY_OP_MATCH)
+                               if (!match && cur->key.op == OP_MATCH)
                                        goto nomatch;
                                break;
                        }
@@ -1795,24 +2200,27 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 
                                free(event->program_result);
                                event->program_result = NULL;
-                               util_strlcpy(program, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(program));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, program, sizeof(program));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], program, sizeof(program));
                                envp = udev_device_get_properties_envp(event->dev);
-                               if (util_run_program(event->udev, program, envp, result, sizeof(result), NULL) != 0) {
-                                       if (cur->key.op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH)
+                               info(event->udev, "PROGRAM '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                                    program,
+                                    &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                    rule->rule.filename_line);
+                               if (util_run_program(event->udev, program, envp, result, sizeof(result), NULL, NULL) != 0) {
+                                       if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
                                                goto nomatch;
                                } else {
                                        int count;
 
                                        util_remove_trailing_chars(result, '\n');
                                        if (esc == ESCAPE_UNSET || esc == ESCAPE_REPLACE) {
-                                               count = util_replace_chars(result, ALLOWED_CHARS_INPUT);
+                                               count = udev_util_replace_chars(result, UDEV_ALLOWED_CHARS_INPUT);
                                                if (count > 0)
                                                        info(event->udev, "%i character(s) replaced\n" , count);
                                        }
                                        event->program_result = strdup(result);
                                        dbg(event->udev, "storing result '%s'\n", event->program_result);
-                                       if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_NOMATCH)
+                                       if (cur->key.op == OP_NOMATCH)
                                                goto nomatch;
                                }
                                break;
@@ -1821,10 +2229,9 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                        {
                                char import[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
 
-                               util_strlcpy(import, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(import));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, import, sizeof(import));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], import, sizeof(import));
                                if (import_file_into_properties(event->dev, import) != 0)
-                                       if (cur->key.op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH)
+                                       if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
                                                goto nomatch;
                                break;
                        }
@@ -1832,10 +2239,13 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                        {
                                char import[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
 
-                               util_strlcpy(import, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(import));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, import, sizeof(import));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], import, sizeof(import));
+                               info(event->udev, "IMPORT '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                                    import,
+                                    &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                    rule->rule.filename_line);
                                if (import_program_into_properties(event->dev, import) != 0)
-                                       if (cur->key.op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH)
+                                       if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
                                                goto nomatch;
                                break;
                        }
@@ -1843,10 +2253,9 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                        {
                                char import[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
 
-                               util_strlcpy(import, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(import));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, import, sizeof(import));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], import, sizeof(import));
                                if (import_parent_into_properties(event->dev, import) != 0)
-                                       if (cur->key.op != KEY_OP_NOMATCH)
+                                       if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
                                                goto nomatch;
                                break;
                        }
@@ -1872,6 +2281,9 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                break;
                        udev_device_set_num_fake_partitions(event->dev, cur->key.num_fake_part);
                        break;
+               case TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH:
+                       event->inotify_watch = cur->key.watch;
+                       break;
                case TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO:
                        udev_device_set_devlink_priority(event->dev, cur->key.devlink_prio);
                        break;
@@ -1881,11 +2293,14 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 
                                if (event->owner_final)
                                        break;
-                               if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                               if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                        event->owner_final = 1;
-                               util_strlcpy(owner,  &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(owner));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, owner, sizeof(owner));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], owner, sizeof(owner));
                                event->uid = util_lookup_user(event->udev, owner);
+                               info(event->udev, "OWNER %u %s:%u\n",
+                                    event->uid,
+                                    &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                    rule->rule.filename_line);
                                break;
                        }
                case TK_A_GROUP:
@@ -1894,11 +2309,14 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 
                                if (event->group_final)
                                        break;
-                               if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                               if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                        event->group_final = 1;
-                               util_strlcpy(group, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(group));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, group, sizeof(group));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], group, sizeof(group));
                                event->gid = util_lookup_group(event->udev, group);
+                               info(event->udev, "GROUP %u %s:%u\n",
+                                    event->gid,
+                                    &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                    rule->rule.filename_line);
                                break;
                        }
                case TK_A_MODE:
@@ -1908,37 +2326,52 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 
                                if (event->mode_final)
                                        break;
-                               if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                               if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                        event->mode_final = 1;
-                               util_strlcpy(mode, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(mode));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, mode, sizeof(mode));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], mode, sizeof(mode));
                                event->mode = strtol(mode, &endptr, 8);
                                if (endptr[0] != '\0') {
                                        err(event->udev, "invalide mode '%s' set default mode 0660\n", mode);
                                        event->mode = 0660;
                                }
+                               info(event->udev, "MODE %#o %s:%u\n",
+                                    event->mode,
+                                    &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                    rule->rule.filename_line);
                                break;
                        }
                case TK_A_OWNER_ID:
                        if (event->owner_final)
                                break;
-                       if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                       if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                event->owner_final = 1;
                        event->uid = cur->key.uid;
+                       info(event->udev, "OWNER %u %s:%u\n",
+                            event->uid,
+                            &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                            rule->rule.filename_line);
                        break;
                case TK_A_GROUP_ID:
                        if (event->group_final)
                                break;
-                       if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                       if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                event->group_final = 1;
                        event->gid = cur->key.gid;
+                       info(event->udev, "GROUP %u %s:%u\n",
+                            event->gid,
+                            &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                            rule->rule.filename_line);
                        break;
                case TK_A_MODE_ID:
                        if (event->mode_final)
                                break;
-                       if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                       if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                event->mode_final = 1;
                        event->mode = cur->key.mode;
+                       info(event->udev, "MODE %#o %s:%u\n",
+                            event->mode,
+                            &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                            rule->rule.filename_line);
                        break;
                case TK_A_ENV:
                        {
@@ -1949,11 +2382,11 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                        char temp_value[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
                                        struct udev_list_entry *entry;
 
-                                       util_strlcpy(temp_value, value, sizeof(temp_value));
-                                       udev_event_apply_format(event, temp_value, sizeof(temp_value));
+                                       udev_event_apply_format(event, value, temp_value, sizeof(temp_value));
                                        entry = udev_device_add_property(event->dev, name, temp_value);
-                                       /* store in db */
-                                       udev_list_entry_set_flag(entry, 1);
+                                       /* store in db, skip private keys */
+                                       if (name[0] != '.')
+                                               udev_list_entry_set_flag(entry, 1);
                                } else {
                                        udev_device_add_property(event->dev, name, NULL);
                                }
@@ -1967,22 +2400,20 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 
                                if (event->name_final)
                                        break;
-                               if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                               if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                        event->name_final = 1;
-                               if (name[0] == '\0') {
-                                       free(event->name);
-                                       event->name = NULL;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               util_strlcpy(name_str, name, sizeof(name_str));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, name_str, sizeof(name_str));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, name, name_str, sizeof(name_str));
                                if (esc == ESCAPE_UNSET || esc == ESCAPE_REPLACE) {
-                                       count = util_replace_chars(name_str, ALLOWED_CHARS_FILE);
+                                       count = udev_util_replace_chars(name_str, "/");
                                        if (count > 0)
                                                info(event->udev, "%i character(s) replaced\n", count);
-                                       free(event->name);
-                                       event->name = strdup(name_str);
                                }
+                               free(event->name);
+                               event->name = strdup(name_str);
+                               info(event->udev, "NAME '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                                    event->name,
+                                    &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                    rule->rule.filename_line);
                                break;
                        }
                case TK_A_DEVLINK:
@@ -1996,18 +2427,17 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                        break;
                                if (major(udev_device_get_devnum(event->dev)) == 0)
                                        break;
-                               if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                               if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                        event->devlink_final = 1;
-                               if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN || cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                               if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN || cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                        udev_device_cleanup_devlinks_list(event->dev);
 
                                /* allow  multiple symlinks separated by spaces */
-                               util_strlcpy(temp, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(temp));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, temp, sizeof(temp));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], temp, sizeof(temp));
                                if (esc == ESCAPE_UNSET)
-                                       count = util_replace_chars(temp, ALLOWED_CHARS_FILE " ");
+                                       count = udev_util_replace_chars(temp, "/ ");
                                else if (esc == ESCAPE_REPLACE)
-                                       count = util_replace_chars(temp, ALLOWED_CHARS_FILE);
+                                       count = udev_util_replace_chars(temp, "/");
                                if (count > 0)
                                        info(event->udev, "%i character(s) replaced\n" , count);
                                dbg(event->udev, "rule applied, added symlink(s) '%s'\n", temp);
@@ -2017,10 +2447,11 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                next = strchr(pos, ' ');
                                while (next) {
                                        next[0] = '\0';
-                                       info(event->udev, "add symlink '%s'\n", pos);
-                                       util_strlcpy(filename, udev_get_dev_path(event->udev), sizeof(filename));
-                                       util_strlcat(filename, "/", sizeof(filename));
-                                       util_strlcat(filename, pos, sizeof(filename));
+                                       info(event->udev, "LINK '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                                            pos,
+                                            &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                            rule->rule.filename_line);
+                                       util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_get_dev_path(event->udev), "/", pos, NULL);
                                        udev_device_add_devlink(event->dev, filename);
                                        while (isspace(next[1]))
                                                next++;
@@ -2028,10 +2459,11 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                        next = strchr(pos, ' ');
                                }
                                if (pos[0] != '\0') {
-                                       info(event->udev, "add symlink '%s'\n", pos);
-                                       util_strlcpy(filename, udev_get_dev_path(event->udev), sizeof(filename));
-                                       util_strlcat(filename, "/", sizeof(filename));
-                                       util_strlcat(filename, pos, sizeof(filename));
+                                       info(event->udev, "LINK '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                                            pos,
+                                            &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                            rule->rule.filename_line);
+                                       util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_get_dev_path(event->udev), "/", pos, NULL);
                                        udev_device_add_devlink(event->dev, filename);
                                }
                        }
@@ -2049,23 +2481,18 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                char value[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
                                FILE *f;
 
-                               util_strlcpy(attr, key_name, sizeof(attr));
-                               if (util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, key_name, attr, sizeof(attr), 0) != 0) {
-                                       util_strlcpy(attr, udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev), sizeof(attr));
-                                       util_strlcat(attr, "/", sizeof(attr));
-                                       util_strlcat(attr, key_name, sizeof(attr));
-                               }
-
+                               if (util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, key_name, attr, sizeof(attr), 0) != 0)
+                                       util_strscpyl(attr, sizeof(attr), udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev), "/", key_name, NULL);
                                attr_subst_subdir(attr, sizeof(attr));
 
-                               util_strlcpy(value, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], sizeof(value));
-                               udev_event_apply_format(event, value, sizeof(value));
-                               info(event->udev, "writing '%s' to sysfs file '%s'\n", value, attr);
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], value, sizeof(value));
+                               info(event->udev, "ATTR '%s' writing '%s' %s:%u\n", attr, value,
+                                    &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                    rule->rule.filename_line);
                                f = fopen(attr, "w");
                                if (f != NULL) {
-                                       if (!event->test)
-                                               if (fprintf(f, "%s", value) <= 0)
-                                                       err(event->udev, "error writing ATTR{%s}: %m\n", attr);
+                                       if (fprintf(f, "%s", value) <= 0)
+                                               err(event->udev, "error writing ATTR{%s}: %m\n", attr);
                                        fclose(f);
                                } else {
                                        err(event->udev, "error opening ATTR{%s} for writing: %m\n", attr);
@@ -2076,8 +2503,12 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                        {
                                struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
 
-                               if (cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN || cur->key.op == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                               if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN || cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                        udev_list_cleanup_entries(event->udev, &event->run_list);
+                               info(event->udev, "RUN '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                                    &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off],
+                                    &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
+                                    rule->rule.filename_line);
                                list_entry = udev_list_entry_add(event->udev, &event->run_list,
                                                                 &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], NULL, 1, 0);
                                if (cur->key.ignore_error)
@@ -2085,14 +2516,18 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                break;
                        }
                case TK_A_GOTO:
+                       if (cur->key.rule_goto == 0)
+                               break;
                        cur = &rules->tokens[cur->key.rule_goto];
                        continue;
                case TK_A_LAST_RULE:
-                       break;
-
-               case TK_PARENTS_MAX:
                case TK_END:
-               case TK_UNDEF:
+                       return 0;
+
+               case TK_M_PARENTS_MIN:
+               case TK_M_PARENTS_MAX:
+               case TK_M_MAX:
+               case TK_UNSET:
                        err(rules->udev, "wrong type %u\n", cur->type);
                        goto nomatch;
                }
@@ -2101,11 +2536,8 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                continue;
        nomatch:
                /* fast-forward to next rule */
-               idx = rule->rule.next_rule;
-               if (idx == 0)
-                       break;
-               dbg(rules->udev, "forward to rule: %u\n", idx);
-               cur = &rules->tokens[idx];
+               cur = rule + rule->rule.token_count;
+               dbg(rules->udev, "forward to rule: %u\n",
+                                (unsigned int) (cur - rules->tokens));
        }
-       return 0;
 }