chiark / gitweb /
use more appropriate alternatives to malloc()
[elogind.git] / udev / udev-rules.c
index 6f53b6a88be6da2a8992bc9a9588d9daec98092c..32eed78d8a54bb1cabeeec3710fb70180cbb4675 100644 (file)
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <syslog.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fnmatch.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/un.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 
 #include "udev.h"
-#include "udev-rules.h"
 
-extern char **environ;
-
-/* extract possible {attr} and move str behind it */
-static char *get_format_attribute(struct udev *udev, char **str)
+struct udev_rules {
+       struct udev *udev;
+       char *buf;
+       size_t bufsize;
+       int resolve_names;
+};
+
+struct udev_rules_iter {
+       struct udev_rules *rules;
+       size_t current;
+};
+
+enum key_operation {
+       KEY_OP_UNSET,
+       KEY_OP_MATCH,
+       KEY_OP_NOMATCH,
+       KEY_OP_ADD,
+       KEY_OP_ASSIGN,
+       KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL,
+};
+
+struct key {
+       enum key_operation operation;
+       size_t val_off;
+};
+
+struct key_pair {
+       struct key key;
+       size_t key_name_off;
+};
+
+#define PAIRS_MAX              5
+struct key_pairs {
+       int count;
+       struct key_pair keys[PAIRS_MAX];
+};
+
+enum import_type {
+       IMPORT_UNSET,
+       IMPORT_PROGRAM,
+       IMPORT_FILE,
+       IMPORT_PARENT,
+};
+
+enum escape_type {
+       ESCAPE_UNSET,
+       ESCAPE_NONE,
+       ESCAPE_REPLACE,
+};
+
+struct udev_rule {
+       struct key action;
+       struct key devpath;
+       struct key kernel;
+       struct key subsystem;
+       struct key driver;
+       struct key_pairs attr;
+
+       struct key kernels;
+       struct key subsystems;
+       struct key drivers;
+       struct key_pairs attrs;
+
+       struct key_pairs env;
+       struct key program;
+       struct key result;
+       struct key import;
+       enum import_type import_type;
+       struct key test;
+       mode_t test_mode_mask;
+       struct key run;
+       struct key wait_for;
+       struct key label;
+       struct key goto_label;
+       size_t goto_rule_off;
+
+       struct key name;
+       struct key symlink;
+       struct key symlink_match;
+       struct key owner;
+       struct key group;
+       struct key mode;
+       enum escape_type string_escape;
+
+       unsigned int link_priority;
+       int event_timeout;
+       unsigned int partitions;
+       unsigned int last_rule:1,
+                    run_ignore_error:1,
+                    ignore_device:1,
+                    ignore_remove:1;
+
+       size_t bufsize;
+       char buf[];
+};
+
+static void udev_rules_iter_init(struct udev_rules_iter *iter, struct udev_rules *rules)
 {
-       char *pos;
-       char *attr = NULL;
-
-       if (*str[0] == '{') {
-               pos = strchr(*str, '}');
-               if (pos == NULL) {
-                       err(udev, "missing closing brace for format\n");
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-               pos[0] = '\0';
-               attr = *str+1;
-               *str = pos+1;
-               dbg(udev, "attribute='%s', str='%s'\n", attr, *str);
-       }
-       return attr;
+       dbg(rules->udev, "bufsize=%zi\n", rules->bufsize);
+       iter->rules = rules;
+       iter->current = 0;
 }
 
-/* extract possible format length and move str behind it*/
-static int get_format_len(struct udev *udev, char **str)
+static struct udev_rule *udev_rules_iter_next(struct udev_rules_iter *iter)
 {
-       int num;
-       char *tail;
-
-       if (isdigit(*str[0])) {
-               num = (int) strtoul(*str, &tail, 10);
-               if (num > 0) {
-                       *str = tail;
-                       dbg(udev, "format length=%i\n", num);
-                       return num;
-               } else {
-                       err(udev, "format parsing error '%s'\n", *str);
-               }
+       struct udev_rules *rules;
+       struct udev_rule *rule;
+
+       rules = iter->rules;
+       if (!rules)
+               return NULL;
+
+       dbg(rules->udev, "current=%zi\n", iter->current);
+       if (iter->current >= rules->bufsize) {
+               dbg(rules->udev, "no more rules\n");
+               return NULL;
        }
-       return -1;
+
+       /* get next rule */
+       rule = (struct udev_rule *) (rules->buf + iter->current);
+       iter->current += sizeof(struct udev_rule) + rule->bufsize;
+
+       return rule;
 }
 
-static int run_program(struct udev_device *dev, const char *command,
-                      char *result, size_t ressize, size_t *reslen)
+static struct udev_rule *udev_rules_iter_goto(struct udev_rules_iter *iter, size_t rule_off)
 {
-       struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
-       int status;
-       char **envp;
-       int outpipe[2] = {-1, -1};
-       int errpipe[2] = {-1, -1};
-       pid_t pid;
-       char arg[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-       char program[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-       char *argv[(sizeof(arg) / 2) + 1];
-       int devnull;
-       int i;
-       int err = 0;
-
-       /* build argv from command */
-       util_strlcpy(arg, command, sizeof(arg));
-       i = 0;
-       if (strchr(arg, ' ') != NULL) {
-               char *pos = arg;
-
-               while (pos != NULL && pos[0] != '\0') {
-                       if (pos[0] == '\'') {
-                               /* do not separate quotes */
-                               pos++;
-                               argv[i] = strsep(&pos, "\'");
-                               while (pos != NULL && pos[0] == ' ')
-                                       pos++;
-                       } else {
-                               argv[i] = strsep(&pos, " ");
-                       }
-                       dbg(udev, "arg[%i] '%s'\n", i, argv[i]);
-                       i++;
-               }
-               argv[i] = NULL;
-       } else {
-               argv[0] = arg;
-               argv[1] = NULL;
-       }
-       info(udev, "'%s'\n", command);
-
-       /* prepare pipes from child to parent */
-       if (result != NULL || udev_get_log_priority(udev) >= LOG_INFO) {
-               if (pipe(outpipe) != 0) {
-                       err(udev, "pipe failed: %m\n");
-                       return -1;
-               }
-       }
-       if (udev_get_log_priority(udev) >= LOG_INFO) {
-               if (pipe(errpipe) != 0) {
-                       err(udev, "pipe failed: %m\n");
-                       return -1;
-               }
-       }
+       struct udev_rules *rules = iter->rules;
+       struct udev_rule *rule;
 
-       /* allow programs in /lib/udev/ to be called without the path */
-       if (strchr(argv[0], '/') == NULL) {
-               util_strlcpy(program, UDEV_PREFIX "/lib/udev/", sizeof(program));
-               util_strlcat(program, argv[0], sizeof(program));
-               argv[0] = program;
-       }
+       dbg(rules->udev, "current=%zi\n", iter->current);
+       iter->current = rule_off;
+       rule = (struct udev_rule *) (rules->buf + iter->current);
 
-       envp = udev_device_get_properties_envp(dev);
+       return rule;
+}
 
-       pid = fork();
-       switch(pid) {
-       case 0:
-               /* child closes parent ends of pipes */
-               if (outpipe[READ_END] > 0)
-                       close(outpipe[READ_END]);
-               if (errpipe[READ_END] > 0)
-                       close(errpipe[READ_END]);
-
-               /* discard child output or connect to pipe */
-               devnull = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-               if (devnull > 0) {
-                       dup2(devnull, STDIN_FILENO);
-                       if (outpipe[WRITE_END] < 0)
-                               dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO);
-                       if (errpipe[WRITE_END] < 0)
-                               dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO);
-                       close(devnull);
-               } else
-                       err(udev, "open /dev/null failed: %m\n");
-               if (outpipe[WRITE_END] > 0) {
-                       dup2(outpipe[WRITE_END], STDOUT_FILENO);
-                       close(outpipe[WRITE_END]);
-               }
-               if (errpipe[WRITE_END] > 0) {
-                       dup2(errpipe[WRITE_END], STDERR_FILENO);
-                       close(errpipe[WRITE_END]);
-               }
-               execve(argv[0], argv, envp);
-               if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR) {
-                       /* may be on a filesytem which is not mounted right now */
-                       info(udev, "program '%s' not found\n", argv[0]);
-               } else {
-                       /* other problems */
-                       err(udev, "exec of program '%s' failed\n", argv[0]);
-               }
-               _exit(1);
-       case -1:
-               err(udev, "fork of '%s' failed: %m\n", argv[0]);
-               return -1;
-       default:
-               /* read from child if requested */
-               if (outpipe[READ_END] > 0 || errpipe[READ_END] > 0) {
-                       ssize_t count;
-                       size_t respos = 0;
-
-                       /* parent closes child ends of pipes */
-                       if (outpipe[WRITE_END] > 0)
-                               close(outpipe[WRITE_END]);
-                       if (errpipe[WRITE_END] > 0)
-                               close(errpipe[WRITE_END]);
-
-                       /* read child output */
-                       while (outpipe[READ_END] > 0 || errpipe[READ_END] > 0) {
-                               int fdcount;
-                               fd_set readfds;
-
-                               FD_ZERO(&readfds);
-                               if (outpipe[READ_END] > 0)
-                                       FD_SET(outpipe[READ_END], &readfds);
-                               if (errpipe[READ_END] > 0)
-                                       FD_SET(errpipe[READ_END], &readfds);
-                               fdcount = select(UDEV_MAX(outpipe[READ_END], errpipe[READ_END])+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-                               if (fdcount < 0) {
-                                       if (errno == EINTR)
-                                               continue;
-                                       err = -1;
-                                       break;
-                               }
+static size_t find_label(const struct udev_rules_iter *iter, const char *label)
+{
+       struct udev_rule *rule;
+       struct udev_rules *rules = iter->rules;
+       size_t current = iter->current;
 
-                               /* get stdout */
-                               if (outpipe[READ_END] > 0 && FD_ISSET(outpipe[READ_END], &readfds)) {
-                                       char inbuf[1024];
-                                       char *pos;
-                                       char *line;
-
-                                       count = read(outpipe[READ_END], inbuf, sizeof(inbuf)-1);
-                                       if (count <= 0) {
-                                               close(outpipe[READ_END]);
-                                               outpipe[READ_END] = -1;
-                                               if (count < 0) {
-                                                       err(udev, "stdin read failed: %m\n");
-                                                       err = -1;
-                                               }
-                                               continue;
-                                       }
-                                       inbuf[count] = '\0';
-
-                                       /* store result for rule processing */
-                                       if (result) {
-                                               if (respos + count < ressize) {
-                                                       memcpy(&result[respos], inbuf, count);
-                                                       respos += count;
-                                               } else {
-                                                       err(udev, "ressize %ld too short\n", (long)ressize);
-                                                       err = -1;
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       pos = inbuf;
-                                       while ((line = strsep(&pos, "\n")))
-                                               if (pos || line[0] != '\0')
-                                                       info(udev, "'%s' (stdout) '%s'\n", argv[0], line);
-                               }
+next:
+       dbg(rules->udev, "current=%zi\n", current);
+       if (current >= rules->bufsize) {
+               dbg(rules->udev, "LABEL='%s' not found\n", label);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       rule = (struct udev_rule *) (rules->buf + current);
 
-                               /* get stderr */
-                               if (errpipe[READ_END] > 0 && FD_ISSET(errpipe[READ_END], &readfds)) {
-                                       char errbuf[1024];
-                                       char *pos;
-                                       char *line;
-
-                                       count = read(errpipe[READ_END], errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)-1);
-                                       if (count <= 0) {
-                                               close(errpipe[READ_END]);
-                                               errpipe[READ_END] = -1;
-                                               if (count < 0)
-                                                       err(udev, "stderr read failed: %m\n");
-                                               continue;
-                                       }
-                                       errbuf[count] = '\0';
-                                       pos = errbuf;
-                                       while ((line = strsep(&pos, "\n")))
-                                               if (pos || line[0] != '\0')
-                                                       info(udev, "'%s' (stderr) '%s'\n", argv[0], line);
-                               }
-                       }
-                       if (outpipe[READ_END] > 0)
-                               close(outpipe[READ_END]);
-                       if (errpipe[READ_END] > 0)
-                               close(errpipe[READ_END]);
-
-                       /* return the childs stdout string */
-                       if (result) {
-                               result[respos] = '\0';
-                               dbg(udev, "result='%s'\n", result);
-                               if (reslen)
-                                       *reslen = respos;
-                       }
-               }
-               waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
-               if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
-                       info(udev, "'%s' returned with status %i\n", argv[0], WEXITSTATUS(status));
-                       if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
-                               err = -1;
-               } else {
-                       err(udev, "'%s' abnormal exit\n", argv[0]);
-                       err = -1;
-               }
+       if (strcmp(&rule->buf[rule->label.val_off], label) != 0) {
+               dbg(rules->udev, "moving forward, looking for label '%s'\n", label);
+               current += sizeof(struct udev_rule) + rule->bufsize;
+               goto next;
        }
 
-       return err;
+       dbg(rules->udev, "found label '%s'\n", label);
+       return current;
 }
 
 static int import_property_from_string(struct udev_device *dev, char *line)
@@ -378,7 +275,7 @@ static int import_file_into_env(struct udev_device *dev, const char *filename)
        f = fopen(filename, "r");
        if (f == NULL)
                return -1;
-       while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
+       while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) != NULL)
                import_property_from_string(dev, line);
        fclose(f);
        return 0;
@@ -386,11 +283,14 @@ static int import_file_into_env(struct udev_device *dev, const char *filename)
 
 static int import_program_into_env(struct udev_device *dev, const char *program)
 {
+       struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
+       char **envp;
        char result[2048];
        size_t reslen;
        char *line;
 
-       if (run_program(dev, program, result, sizeof(result), &reslen) != 0)
+       envp = udev_device_get_properties_envp(dev);
+       if (util_run_program(udev, program, envp, result, sizeof(result), &reslen) != 0)
                return -1;
 
        line = result;
@@ -435,37 +335,6 @@ static int import_parent_into_env(struct udev_device *dev, const char *filter)
        return 0;
 }
 
-int udev_rules_run(struct udev_event *event)
-{
-       struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-       int err = 0;
-
-       dbg(event->udev, "executing run list\n");
-       udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_get_entry(&event->run_list)) {
-               const char *cmd = udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry);
-
-               if (strncmp(cmd, "socket:", strlen("socket:")) == 0) {
-                       struct udev_monitor *monitor;
-
-                       monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_socket(event->udev, &cmd[strlen("socket:")]);
-                       if (monitor == NULL)
-                               continue;
-                       udev_monitor_send_device(monitor, event->dev);
-                       udev_monitor_unref(monitor);
-               } else {
-                       char program[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-
-                       util_strlcpy(program, cmd, sizeof(program));
-                       udev_rules_apply_format(event, program, sizeof(program));
-                       if (run_program(event->dev, program, NULL, 0, NULL) != 0) {
-                               if (!udev_list_entry_get_flag(list_entry))
-                                       err = -1;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       return err;
-}
-
 #define WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND           50
 static int wait_for_file(struct udev_event *event, const char *file, int timeout)
 {
@@ -504,36 +373,6 @@ static int wait_for_file(struct udev_event *event, const char *file, int timeout
        return -1;
 }
 
-/* handle "[$SUBSYSTEM/$KERNEL]<attribute>" lookup */
-static int split_subsys_sysname(struct udev *udev, char *attrstr, char **subsys, char **sysname, char **attr)
-{
-       char *pos;
-
-       if (attrstr[0] != '[')
-               return -1;
-
-       *subsys = &attrstr[1];
-       pos = strchr(*subsys, ']');
-       if (pos == NULL)
-               return -1;
-       pos[0] = '\0';
-       pos = &pos[1];
-
-       if (pos[0] == '/')
-               pos = &pos[1];
-       if (pos[0] != '\0')
-               *attr = pos;
-       else
-               *attr = NULL;
-
-       pos = strchr(*subsys, '/');
-       if (pos == NULL)
-               return -1;
-       pos[0] = '\0';
-       *sysname = &pos[1];
-       return 0;
-}
-
 static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len)
 {
        char *pos;
@@ -572,345 +411,6 @@ static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len)
        return found;
 }
 
-void udev_rules_apply_format(struct udev_event *event, char *string, size_t maxsize)
-{
-       struct udev_device *dev = event->dev;
-       char temp[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-       char temp2[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-       char *head, *tail, *cpos, *attr, *rest;
-       int len;
-       int i;
-       int count;
-       enum subst_type {
-               SUBST_UNKNOWN,
-               SUBST_DEVPATH,
-               SUBST_KERNEL,
-               SUBST_KERNEL_NUMBER,
-               SUBST_ID,
-               SUBST_DRIVER,
-               SUBST_MAJOR,
-               SUBST_MINOR,
-               SUBST_RESULT,
-               SUBST_ATTR,
-               SUBST_PARENT,
-               SUBST_TEMP_NODE,
-               SUBST_NAME,
-               SUBST_LINKS,
-               SUBST_ROOT,
-               SUBST_SYS,
-               SUBST_ENV,
-       };
-       static const struct subst_map {
-               char *name;
-               char fmt;
-               enum subst_type type;
-       } map[] = {
-               { .name = "devpath",    .fmt = 'p',     .type = SUBST_DEVPATH },
-               { .name = "number",     .fmt = 'n',     .type = SUBST_KERNEL_NUMBER },
-               { .name = "kernel",     .fmt = 'k',     .type = SUBST_KERNEL },
-               { .name = "id",         .fmt = 'b',     .type = SUBST_ID },
-               { .name = "driver",     .fmt = 'd',     .type = SUBST_DRIVER },
-               { .name = "major",      .fmt = 'M',     .type = SUBST_MAJOR },
-               { .name = "minor",      .fmt = 'm',     .type = SUBST_MINOR },
-               { .name = "result",     .fmt = 'c',     .type = SUBST_RESULT },
-               { .name = "attr",       .fmt = 's',     .type = SUBST_ATTR },
-               { .name = "sysfs",      .fmt = 's',     .type = SUBST_ATTR },
-               { .name = "parent",     .fmt = 'P',     .type = SUBST_PARENT },
-               { .name = "tempnode",   .fmt = 'N',     .type = SUBST_TEMP_NODE },
-               { .name = "name",       .fmt = 'D',     .type = SUBST_NAME },
-               { .name = "links",      .fmt = 'L',     .type = SUBST_LINKS },
-               { .name = "root",       .fmt = 'r',     .type = SUBST_ROOT },
-               { .name = "sys",        .fmt = 'S',     .type = SUBST_SYS },
-               { .name = "env",        .fmt = 'E',     .type = SUBST_ENV },
-               { NULL, '\0', 0 }
-       };
-       enum subst_type type;
-       const struct subst_map *subst;
-
-       head = string;
-       while (1) {
-               len = -1;
-               while (head[0] != '\0') {
-                       if (head[0] == '$') {
-                               /* substitute named variable */
-                               if (head[1] == '\0')
-                                       break;
-                               if (head[1] == '$') {
-                                       util_strlcpy(temp, head+2, sizeof(temp));
-                                       util_strlcpy(head+1, temp, maxsize);
-                                       head++;
-                                       continue;
-                               }
-                               head[0] = '\0';
-                               for (subst = map; subst->name; subst++) {
-                                       if (strncasecmp(&head[1], subst->name, strlen(subst->name)) == 0) {
-                                               type = subst->type;
-                                               tail = head + strlen(subst->name)+1;
-                                               dbg(event->udev, "will substitute format name '%s'\n", subst->name);
-                                               goto found;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               head[0] = '$';
-                               err(event->udev, "unknown format variable '%s'\n", head);
-                       } else if (head[0] == '%') {
-                               /* substitute format char */
-                               if (head[1] == '\0')
-                                       break;
-                               if (head[1] == '%') {
-                                       util_strlcpy(temp, head+2, sizeof(temp));
-                                       util_strlcpy(head+1, temp, maxsize);
-                                       head++;
-                                       continue;
-                               }
-                               head[0] = '\0';
-                               tail = head+1;
-                               len = get_format_len(event->udev, &tail);
-                               for (subst = map; subst->name; subst++) {
-                                       if (tail[0] == subst->fmt) {
-                                               type = subst->type;
-                                               tail++;
-                                               dbg(event->udev, "will substitute format char '%c'\n", subst->fmt);
-                                               goto found;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               head[0] = '%';
-                               err(event->udev, "unknown format char '%c'\n", tail[0]);
-                       }
-                       head++;
-               }
-               break;
-found:
-               attr = get_format_attribute(event->udev, &tail);
-               util_strlcpy(temp, tail, sizeof(temp));
-               dbg(event->udev, "format=%i, string='%s', tail='%s'\n", type ,string, tail);
-
-               switch (type) {
-               case SUBST_DEVPATH:
-                       util_strlcat(string, udev_device_get_devpath(dev), maxsize);
-                       dbg(event->udev, "substitute devpath '%s'\n", udev_device_get_devpath(dev));
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_KERNEL:
-                       util_strlcat(string, udev_device_get_sysname(dev), maxsize);
-                       dbg(event->udev, "substitute kernel name '%s'\n", udev_device_get_sysname(dev));
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_KERNEL_NUMBER:
-                       if (udev_device_get_sysnum(dev) == NULL)
-                               break;
-                       util_strlcat(string, udev_device_get_sysnum(dev), maxsize);
-                       dbg(event->udev, "substitute kernel number '%s'\n", udev_device_get_sysnum(dev));
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_ID:
-                       if (event->dev_parent != NULL) {
-                               util_strlcat(string, udev_device_get_sysname(event->dev_parent), maxsize);
-                               dbg(event->udev, "substitute id '%s'\n", udev_device_get_sysname(event->dev_parent));
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_DRIVER:
-                       if (event->dev_parent != NULL) {
-                               const char *driver = udev_device_get_driver(event->dev_parent);
-
-                               if (driver == NULL)
-                                       break;
-                               util_strlcat(string, driver, maxsize);
-                               dbg(event->udev, "substitute driver '%s'\n", driver);
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_MAJOR:
-                       sprintf(temp2, "%d", major(udev_device_get_devnum(dev)));
-                       util_strlcat(string, temp2, maxsize);
-                       dbg(event->udev, "substitute major number '%s'\n", temp2);
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_MINOR:
-                       sprintf(temp2, "%d", minor(udev_device_get_devnum(dev)));
-                       util_strlcat(string, temp2, maxsize);
-                       dbg(event->udev, "substitute minor number '%s'\n", temp2);
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_RESULT:
-                       if (event->program_result[0] == '\0')
-                               break;
-                       /* get part part of the result string */
-                       i = 0;
-                       if (attr != NULL)
-                               i = strtoul(attr, &rest, 10);
-                       if (i > 0) {
-                               dbg(event->udev, "request part #%d of result string\n", i);
-                               cpos = event->program_result;
-                               while (--i) {
-                                       while (cpos[0] != '\0' && !isspace(cpos[0]))
-                                               cpos++;
-                                       while (isspace(cpos[0]))
-                                               cpos++;
-                               }
-                               if (i > 0) {
-                                       err(event->udev, "requested part of result string not found\n");
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               util_strlcpy(temp2, cpos, sizeof(temp2));
-                               /* %{2+}c copies the whole string from the second part on */
-                               if (rest[0] != '+') {
-                                       cpos = strchr(temp2, ' ');
-                                       if (cpos)
-                                               cpos[0] = '\0';
-                               }
-                               util_strlcat(string, temp2, maxsize);
-                               dbg(event->udev, "substitute part of result string '%s'\n", temp2);
-                       } else {
-                               util_strlcat(string, event->program_result, maxsize);
-                               dbg(event->udev, "substitute result string '%s'\n", event->program_result);
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_ATTR:
-                       if (attr == NULL)
-                               err(event->udev, "missing file parameter for attr\n");
-                       else {
-                               char *subsys;
-                               char *sysname;
-                               char *attrib;
-                               char value[UTIL_NAME_SIZE] = "";
-                               size_t size;
-
-                               if (split_subsys_sysname(event->udev, attr, &subsys, &sysname, &attrib) == 0) {
-                                       struct udev_device *d;
-                                       const char *val;
-
-                                       if (attrib == NULL)
-                                               break;
-                                       d = udev_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(event->udev, subsys, sysname);
-                                       if (d == NULL)
-                                               break;
-                                       val = udev_device_get_attr_value(d, attrib);
-                                       if (val != NULL)
-                                               util_strlcpy(value, val, sizeof(value));
-                                       udev_device_unref(d);
-                               }
-
-                               /* try the current device, other matches may have selected */
-                               if (value[0]=='\0' && event->dev_parent != NULL && event->dev_parent != event->dev) {
-                                       const char *val;
-
-                                       val = udev_device_get_attr_value(event->dev_parent, attr);
-                                       if (val != NULL)
-                                               util_strlcpy(value, val, sizeof(value));
-                               }
-
-                               /* look at all devices along the chain of parents */
-                               if (value[0]=='\0') {
-                                       struct udev_device *dev_parent = dev;
-                                       const char *val;
-
-                                       do {
-                                               dbg(event->udev, "looking at '%s'\n", udev_device_get_syspath(dev_parent));
-                                               val = udev_device_get_attr_value(dev_parent, attr);
-                                               if (val != NULL) {
-                                                       util_strlcpy(value, val, sizeof(value));
-                                                       break;
-                                               }
-                                               dev_parent = udev_device_get_parent(dev_parent);
-                                       } while (dev_parent != NULL);
-                               }
-
-                               if (value[0]=='\0')
-                                       break;
-
-                               /* strip trailing whitespace, and replace unwanted characters */
-                               size = strlen(value);
-                               while (size > 0 && isspace(value[--size]))
-                                       value[size] = '\0';
-                               count = util_replace_chars(value, ALLOWED_CHARS_INPUT);
-                               if (count > 0)
-                                       info(event->udev, "%i character(s) replaced\n" , count);
-                               util_strlcat(string, value, maxsize);
-                               dbg(event->udev, "substitute sysfs value '%s'\n", value);
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_PARENT:
-                       {
-                               struct udev_device *dev_parent;
-                               const char *devnode;
-
-                               dev_parent = udev_device_get_parent(event->dev);
-                               if (dev_parent == NULL)
-                                       break;
-                               devnode = udev_device_get_devnode(dev_parent);
-                               if (devnode != NULL) {
-                                       size_t devlen = strlen(udev_get_dev_path(event->udev))+1;
-
-                                       util_strlcat(string, &devnode[devlen], maxsize);
-                                       dbg(event->udev, "found parent '%s', got node name '%s'\n",
-                                           udev_device_get_syspath(dev_parent), &devnode[devlen]);
-                               }
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_TEMP_NODE:
-                       if (event->tmp_node[0] == '\0' && major(udev_device_get_devnum(dev)) > 0) {
-                               dbg(event->udev, "create temporary device node for callout\n");
-                               snprintf(event->tmp_node, sizeof(event->tmp_node), "%s/.tmp-%u-%u",
-                                        udev_get_dev_path(event->udev),
-                                        major(udev_device_get_devnum(dev)), minor(udev_device_get_devnum(dev)));
-                               udev_node_mknod(dev, event->tmp_node, makedev(0,0), 0600, 0, 0);
-                       }
-                       util_strlcat(string, event->tmp_node, maxsize);
-                       dbg(event->udev, "substitute temporary device node name '%s'\n", event->tmp_node);
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_NAME:
-                       if (event->name != NULL) {
-                               util_strlcat(string, event->name, maxsize);
-                               dbg(event->udev, "substitute name '%s'\n", event->name);
-                       } else {
-                               util_strlcat(string, udev_device_get_sysname(dev), maxsize);
-                               dbg(event->udev, "substitute sysname '%s'\n", udev_device_get_sysname(dev));
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_LINKS:
-                       {
-                               struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-
-                               list_entry = udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(dev);
-                               util_strlcpy(string, udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), maxsize);
-                               udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_entry_get_next(list_entry)) {
-                                       util_strlcat(string, " ", maxsize);
-                                       util_strlcat(string, udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), maxsize);
-                               }
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_ROOT:
-                       util_strlcat(string, udev_get_dev_path(event->udev), maxsize);
-                       dbg(event->udev, "substitute udev_root '%s'\n", udev_get_dev_path(event->udev));
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_SYS:
-                       util_strlcat(string, udev_get_sys_path(event->udev), maxsize);
-                       dbg(event->udev, "substitute sys_path '%s'\n", udev_get_sys_path(event->udev));
-                       break;
-               case SUBST_ENV:
-                       if (attr == NULL) {
-                               dbg(event->udev, "missing attribute\n");
-                               break;
-                       } else {
-                               struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-                               const char *value;
-
-                               list_entry = udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(event->dev);
-                               list_entry = udev_list_entry_get_by_name(list_entry, attr);
-                               if (list_entry == NULL)
-                                       break;
-                               value = udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);
-                               dbg(event->udev, "substitute env '%s=%s'\n", attr, value);
-                               util_strlcat(string, value, maxsize);
-                               break;
-                       }
-               default:
-                       err(event->udev, "unknown substitution type=%i\n", type);
-                       break;
-               }
-               /* possibly truncate to format-char specified length */
-               if (len >= 0 && len < (int)strlen(head)) {
-                       head[len] = '\0';
-                       dbg(event->udev, "truncate to %i chars, subtitution string becomes '%s'\n", len, head);
-               }
-               util_strlcat(string, temp, maxsize);
-       }
-}
-
 static char *key_val(struct udev_rule *rule, struct key *key)
 {
        return rule->buf + key->val_off;
@@ -1035,34 +535,20 @@ static int match_rule(struct udev_event *event, struct udev_rule *rule)
        if (rule->test.operation == KEY_OP_MATCH ||
            rule->test.operation == KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
                char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-               char *subsys;
-               char *sysname;
-               char *attrib;
                struct stat statbuf;
                int match;
 
                util_strlcpy(filename, key_val(rule, &rule->test), sizeof(filename));
-               udev_rules_apply_format(event, filename, sizeof(filename));
-
-               if (split_subsys_sysname(event->udev, filename, &subsys, &sysname, &attrib) == 0) {
-                       struct udev_device *d;
-                       d = udev_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(event->udev, subsys, sysname);
-                       if (d != NULL) {
-                               util_strlcpy(filename, udev_device_get_syspath(d), sizeof(filename));
-                               if (attrib != NULL) {
-                                       util_strlcat(filename, "/", sizeof(filename));
-                                       util_strlcat(filename, attrib, sizeof(filename));
-                               }
-                               udev_device_unref(d);
+               udev_event_apply_format(event, filename, sizeof(filename));
+               if (udev_event_apply_subsys_kernel(event, NULL, filename, sizeof(filename), 0) != 0)
+                       if (filename[0] != '/') {
+                               char tmp[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+
+                               util_strlcpy(tmp, udev_device_get_syspath(dev), sizeof(tmp));
+                               util_strlcat(tmp, "/", sizeof(tmp));
+                               util_strlcat(tmp, filename, sizeof(tmp));
+                               util_strlcpy(filename, tmp, sizeof(filename));
                        }
-               } else if (filename[0] != '/') {
-                       char tmp[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-
-                       util_strlcpy(tmp, udev_device_get_syspath(dev), sizeof(tmp));
-                       util_strlcat(tmp, "/", sizeof(tmp));
-                       util_strlcat(tmp, filename, sizeof(tmp));
-                       util_strlcpy(filename, tmp, sizeof(filename));
-               }
 
                attr_subst_subdir(filename, sizeof(filename));
 
@@ -1086,7 +572,7 @@ static int match_rule(struct udev_event *event, struct udev_rule *rule)
                int found;
 
                util_strlcpy(filename, key_val(rule, &rule->wait_for), sizeof(filename));
-               udev_rules_apply_format(event, filename, sizeof(filename));
+               udev_event_apply_format(event, filename, sizeof(filename));
                found = (wait_for_file(event, filename, 10) == 0);
                if (!found && (rule->wait_for.operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH))
                        goto nomatch;
@@ -1101,32 +587,16 @@ static int match_rule(struct udev_event *event, struct udev_rule *rule)
                        char attr[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
                        const char *key_name = key_pair_name(rule, pair);
                        const char *key_value = key_val(rule, &pair->key);
-                       char *subsys;
-                       char *sysname;
-                       char *attrib;
                        char value[UTIL_NAME_SIZE] = "";
                        size_t len;
 
                        util_strlcpy(attr, key_name, sizeof(attr));
-                       if (split_subsys_sysname(event->udev, attr, &subsys, &sysname, &attrib) == 0) {
-                               struct udev_device *d;
-                               const char *val;
-
-                               if (attrib == NULL)
-                                       goto nomatch;
-                               d = udev_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(event->udev, subsys, sysname);
-                               if (d == NULL)
-                                       goto nomatch;
-                               val = udev_device_get_attr_value(d, attrib);
-                               if (val != NULL)
-                                       util_strlcpy(value, val, sizeof(value));
-                               udev_device_unref(d);
-                       }
+                       udev_event_apply_subsys_kernel(event, attr, value, sizeof(value), 1);
 
                        if (value[0]=='\0') {
                                const char *val;
 
-                               val = udev_device_get_attr_value(dev, key_name);
+                               val = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, key_name);
                                if (val != NULL)
                                        util_strlcpy(value, val, sizeof(value));
                        }
@@ -1178,9 +648,9 @@ static int match_rule(struct udev_event *event, struct udev_rule *rule)
                                char value[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
                                size_t len;
 
-                               val = udev_device_get_attr_value(event->dev_parent, key_name);
+                               val = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(event->dev_parent, key_name);
                                if (val == NULL)
-                                       val = udev_device_get_attr_value(dev, key_name);
+                                       val = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, key_name);
                                if (val == NULL)
                                        goto try_parent;
                                util_strlcpy(value, val, sizeof(value));
@@ -1214,11 +684,13 @@ try_parent:
        /* execute external program */
        if (rule->program.operation != KEY_OP_UNSET) {
                char program[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+               char **envp;
                char result[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
 
                util_strlcpy(program, key_val(rule, &rule->program), sizeof(program));
-               udev_rules_apply_format(event, program, sizeof(program));
-               if (run_program(event->dev, program, result, sizeof(result), NULL) != 0) {
+               udev_event_apply_format(event, program, sizeof(program));
+               envp = udev_device_get_properties_envp(dev);
+               if (util_run_program(event->udev, program, envp, result, sizeof(result), NULL) != 0) {
                        dbg(event->udev, "PROGRAM is false\n");
                        event->program_result[0] = '\0';
                        if (rule->program.operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH)
@@ -1247,13 +719,13 @@ try_parent:
        if (match_key(event->udev, "RESULT", rule, &rule->result, event->program_result))
                goto nomatch;
 
-       /* import variables returned from program or or file into environment */
+       /* import variables returned from program or or file into properties */
        if (rule->import.operation != KEY_OP_UNSET) {
                char import[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
                int rc = -1;
 
                util_strlcpy(import, key_val(rule, &rule->import), sizeof(import));
-               udev_rules_apply_format(event, import, sizeof(import));
+               udev_event_apply_format(event, import, sizeof(import));
                dbg(event->udev, "check for IMPORT import='%s'\n", import);
                if (rule->import_type == IMPORT_PROGRAM) {
                        rc = import_program_into_env(event->dev, import);
@@ -1284,7 +756,7 @@ try_parent:
 
                        /* make sure we don't write to the same string we possibly read from */
                        util_strlcpy(temp_value, value, sizeof(temp_value));
-                       udev_rules_apply_format(event, temp_value, sizeof(temp_value));
+                       udev_event_apply_format(event, temp_value, sizeof(temp_value));
 
                        if (temp_value[0] != '\0') {
                                struct udev_list_entry *entry;
@@ -1303,27 +775,12 @@ try_parent:
 
                if (pair->key.operation == KEY_OP_ASSIGN) {
                        const char *key_name = key_pair_name(rule, pair);
-                       char *subsys;
-                       char *sysname;
-                       char *attrib;
                        char attr[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
                        char value[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
                        FILE *f;
 
                        util_strlcpy(attr, key_name, sizeof(attr));
-                       if (split_subsys_sysname(event->udev, attr, &subsys, &sysname, &attrib) == 0) {
-                               struct udev_device *d;
-
-                               d = udev_device_new_from_subsystem_sysname(event->udev, subsys, sysname);
-                               if (d != NULL) {
-                                       util_strlcpy(attr, udev_device_get_syspath(d), sizeof(attr));
-                                       if (attrib != NULL) {
-                                               util_strlcat(attr, "/", sizeof(attr));
-                                               util_strlcat(attr, attrib, sizeof(attr));
-                                       }
-                                       udev_device_unref(d);
-                               }
-                       } else {
+                       if (udev_event_apply_subsys_kernel(event, key_name, attr, sizeof(attr), 0) != 0) {
                                util_strlcpy(attr, udev_device_get_syspath(dev), sizeof(attr));
                                util_strlcat(attr, "/", sizeof(attr));
                                util_strlcat(attr, key_name, sizeof(attr));
@@ -1332,7 +789,7 @@ try_parent:
                        attr_subst_subdir(attr, sizeof(attr));
 
                        util_strlcpy(value, key_val(rule, &pair->key), sizeof(value));
-                       udev_rules_apply_format(event, value, sizeof(value));
+                       udev_event_apply_format(event, value, sizeof(value));
                        info(event->udev, "writing '%s' to sysfs file '%s'\n", value, attr);
                        f = fopen(attr, "w");
                        if (f != NULL) {
@@ -1408,7 +865,7 @@ int udev_rules_get_name(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
                                        event->mode_final = 1;
                                char buf[20];
                                util_strlcpy(buf, key_val(rule, &rule->mode), sizeof(buf));
-                               udev_rules_apply_format(event, buf, sizeof(buf));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, buf, sizeof(buf));
                                event->mode = strtol(buf, NULL, 8);
                                dbg(event->udev, "applied mode=%#o to '%s'\n",
                                    event->mode, udev_device_get_sysname(dev));
@@ -1417,7 +874,7 @@ int udev_rules_get_name(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
                                if (rule->owner.operation == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                        event->owner_final = 1;
                                util_strlcpy(event->owner, key_val(rule, &rule->owner), sizeof(event->owner));
-                               udev_rules_apply_format(event, event->owner, sizeof(event->owner));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, event->owner, sizeof(event->owner));
                                dbg(event->udev, "applied owner='%s' to '%s'\n",
                                    event->owner, udev_device_get_sysname(dev));
                        }
@@ -1425,7 +882,7 @@ int udev_rules_get_name(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
                                if (rule->group.operation == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                        event->group_final = 1;
                                util_strlcpy(event->group, key_val(rule, &rule->group), sizeof(event->group));
-                               udev_rules_apply_format(event, event->group, sizeof(event->group));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, event->group, sizeof(event->group));
                                dbg(event->udev, "applied group='%s' to '%s'\n",
                                    event->group, udev_device_get_sysname(dev));
                        }
@@ -1449,7 +906,7 @@ int udev_rules_get_name(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
                                }
                                /* allow  multiple symlinks separated by spaces */
                                util_strlcpy(temp, key_val(rule, &rule->symlink), sizeof(temp));
-                               udev_rules_apply_format(event, temp, sizeof(temp));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, temp, sizeof(temp));
                                if (rule->string_escape == ESCAPE_UNSET)
                                        count = util_replace_chars(temp, ALLOWED_CHARS_FILE " ");
                                else if (rule->string_escape == ESCAPE_REPLACE)
@@ -1490,7 +947,7 @@ int udev_rules_get_name(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
 
                                name_set = 1;
                                util_strlcpy(event->name, key_val(rule, &rule->name), sizeof(event->name));
-                               udev_rules_apply_format(event, event->name, sizeof(event->name));
+                               udev_event_apply_format(event, event->name, sizeof(event->name));
                                if (rule->string_escape == ESCAPE_UNSET ||
                                    rule->string_escape == ESCAPE_REPLACE) {
                                        count = util_replace_chars(event->name, ALLOWED_CHARS_FILE);
@@ -1513,7 +970,7 @@ int udev_rules_get_name(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
                                        event->run_final = 1;
                                if (rule->run.operation == KEY_OP_ASSIGN || rule->run.operation == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL) {
                                        info(event->udev, "reset run list\n");
-                                       udev_list_cleanup(event->udev, &event->run_list);
+                                       udev_list_cleanup_entries(event->udev, &event->run_list);
                                }
                                dbg(event->udev, "add run '%s'\n", key_val(rule, &rule->run));
                                list_entry = udev_list_entry_add(event->udev, &event->run_list,
@@ -1542,7 +999,7 @@ int udev_rules_get_name(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
 
        if (event->tmp_node[0] != '\0') {
                dbg(event->udev, "removing temporary device node\n");
-               unlink_secure(event->udev, event->tmp_node);
+               util_unlink_secure(event->udev, event->tmp_node);
                event->tmp_node[0] = '\0';
        }
        return 0;
@@ -1593,7 +1050,7 @@ int udev_rules_get_run(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
                                if (rule->run.operation == KEY_OP_ASSIGN ||
                                    rule->run.operation == KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL) {
                                        info(event->udev, "reset run list\n");
-                                       udev_list_cleanup(event->udev, &event->run_list);
+                                       udev_list_cleanup_entries(event->udev, &event->run_list);
                                }
                                dbg(event->udev, "add run '%s'\n", key_val(rule, &rule->run));
                                list_entry = udev_list_entry_add(event->udev, &event->run_list,
@@ -1618,3 +1075,784 @@ int udev_rules_get_run(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
 
        return 0;
 }
+
+static int get_key(struct udev_rules *rules, char **line, char **key, enum key_operation *operation, char **value)
+{
+       char *linepos;
+       char *temp;
+
+       linepos = *line;
+       if (linepos == NULL && linepos[0] == '\0')
+               return -1;
+
+       /* skip whitespace */
+       while (isspace(linepos[0]) || linepos[0] == ',')
+               linepos++;
+
+       /* get the key */
+       if (linepos[0] == '\0')
+               return -1;
+       *key = linepos;
+
+       while (1) {
+               linepos++;
+               if (linepos[0] == '\0')
+                       return -1;
+               if (isspace(linepos[0]))
+                       break;
+               if (linepos[0] == '=')
+                       break;
+               if ((linepos[0] == '+') || (linepos[0] == '!') || (linepos[0] == ':'))
+                       if (linepos[1] == '=')
+                               break;
+       }
+
+       /* remember end of key */
+       temp = linepos;
+
+       /* skip whitespace after key */
+       while (isspace(linepos[0]))
+               linepos++;
+       if (linepos[0] == '\0')
+               return -1;
+
+       /* get operation type */
+       if (linepos[0] == '=' && linepos[1] == '=') {
+               *operation = KEY_OP_MATCH;
+               linepos += 2;
+               dbg(rules->udev, "match:\n");
+       } else if (linepos[0] == '!' && linepos[1] == '=') {
+               *operation = KEY_OP_NOMATCH;
+               linepos += 2;
+               dbg(rules->udev, "nomatch:\n");
+       } else if (linepos[0] == '+' && linepos[1] == '=') {
+               *operation = KEY_OP_ADD;
+               linepos += 2;
+               dbg(rules->udev, "add:\n");
+       } else if (linepos[0] == '=') {
+               *operation = KEY_OP_ASSIGN;
+               linepos++;
+               dbg(rules->udev, "assign:\n");
+       } else if (linepos[0] == ':' && linepos[1] == '=') {
+               *operation = KEY_OP_ASSIGN_FINAL;
+               linepos += 2;
+               dbg(rules->udev, "assign_final:\n");
+       } else
+               return -1;
+
+       /* terminate key */
+       temp[0] = '\0';
+
+       /* skip whitespace after operator */
+       while (isspace(linepos[0]))
+               linepos++;
+       if (linepos[0] == '\0')
+               return -1;
+
+       /* get the value*/
+       if (linepos[0] == '"')
+               linepos++;
+       else
+               return -1;
+       *value = linepos;
+
+       temp = strchr(linepos, '"');
+       if (!temp)
+               return -1;
+       temp[0] = '\0';
+       temp++;
+       dbg(rules->udev, "'%s'-'%s'\n", *key, *value);
+
+       /* move line to next key */
+       *line = temp;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* extract possible KEY{attr} */
+static char *get_key_attribute(struct udev_rules *rules, char *str)
+{
+       char *pos;
+       char *attr;
+
+       attr = strchr(str, '{');
+       if (attr != NULL) {
+               attr++;
+               pos = strchr(attr, '}');
+               if (pos == NULL) {
+                       err(rules->udev, "missing closing brace for format\n");
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+               pos[0] = '\0';
+               dbg(rules->udev, "attribute='%s'\n", attr);
+               return attr;
+       }
+
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static int add_rule_key(struct udev_rule *rule, struct key *key,
+                       enum key_operation operation, const char *value)
+{
+       size_t val_len = strnlen(value, UTIL_PATH_SIZE);
+
+       key->operation = operation;
+
+       key->val_off = rule->bufsize;
+       util_strlcpy(rule->buf + rule->bufsize, value, val_len+1);
+       rule->bufsize += val_len+1;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_rule_key_pair(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_rule *rule, struct key_pairs *pairs,
+                            enum key_operation operation, const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+       size_t key_len = strnlen(key, UTIL_PATH_SIZE);
+
+       if (pairs->count >= PAIRS_MAX) {
+               err(rules->udev, "skip, too many keys of the same type in a single rule\n");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       add_rule_key(rule, &pairs->keys[pairs->count].key, operation, value);
+
+       /* add the key-name of the pair */
+       pairs->keys[pairs->count].key_name_off = rule->bufsize;
+       util_strlcpy(rule->buf + rule->bufsize, key, key_len+1);
+       rule->bufsize += key_len+1;
+
+       pairs->count++;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_to_rules(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line, const char *filename, unsigned int lineno)
+{
+       char buf[sizeof(struct udev_rule) + UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
+       struct udev_rule *rule;
+       size_t rule_size;
+       int valid;
+       char *linepos;
+       char *attr;
+       size_t padding;
+       int physdev = 0;
+
+       memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));
+       rule = (struct udev_rule *) buf;
+       rule->event_timeout = -1;
+       linepos = line;
+       valid = 0;
+
+       /* get all the keys */
+       while (1) {
+               char *key;
+               char *value;
+               enum key_operation operation = KEY_OP_UNSET;
+
+               if (get_key(rules, &linepos, &key, &operation, &value) != 0)
+                       break;
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "ACTION") == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid ACTION operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->action, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "DEVPATH") == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid DEVPATH operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->devpath, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "KERNEL") == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid KERNEL operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->kernel, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "SUBSYSTEM") == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid SUBSYSTEM operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       /* bus, class, subsystem events should all be the same */
+                       if (strcmp(value, "subsystem") == 0 ||
+                           strcmp(value, "bus") == 0 ||
+                           strcmp(value, "class") == 0) {
+                               if (strcmp(value, "bus") == 0 || strcmp(value, "class") == 0)
+                                       err(rules->udev, "'%s' must be specified as 'subsystem' \n"
+                                           "please fix it in %s:%u", value, filename, lineno);
+                               add_rule_key(rule, &rule->subsystem, operation, "subsystem|class|bus");
+                       } else
+                               add_rule_key(rule, &rule->subsystem, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "DRIVER") == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid DRIVER operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->driver, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strncasecmp(key, "ATTR{", sizeof("ATTR{")-1) == 0) {
+                       attr = get_key_attribute(rules, key + sizeof("ATTR")-1);
+                       if (attr == NULL) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "error parsing ATTR attribute\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       if (add_rule_key_pair(rules, rule, &rule->attr, operation, attr, value) != 0)
+                               goto invalid;
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "KERNELS") == 0 ||
+                   strcasecmp(key, "ID") == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid KERNELS operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->kernels, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "SUBSYSTEMS") == 0 ||
+                   strcasecmp(key, "BUS") == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid SUBSYSTEMS operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->subsystems, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "DRIVERS") == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid DRIVERS operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->drivers, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strncasecmp(key, "ATTRS{", sizeof("ATTRS{")-1) == 0 ||
+                   strncasecmp(key, "SYSFS{", sizeof("SYSFS{")-1) == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid ATTRS operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       attr = get_key_attribute(rules, key + sizeof("ATTRS")-1);
+                       if (attr == NULL) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "error parsing ATTRS attribute\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       if (strncmp(attr, "device/", 7) == 0)
+                               err(rules->udev, "the 'device' link may not be available in a future kernel, "
+                                   "please fix it in %s:%u", filename, lineno);
+                       else if (strstr(attr, "../") != NULL)
+                               err(rules->udev, "do not reference parent sysfs directories directly, "
+                                   "it may break with a future kernel, please fix it in %s:%u", filename, lineno);
+                       if (add_rule_key_pair(rules, rule, &rule->attrs, operation, attr, value) != 0)
+                               goto invalid;
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strncasecmp(key, "ENV{", sizeof("ENV{")-1) == 0) {
+                       attr = get_key_attribute(rules, key + sizeof("ENV")-1);
+                       if (attr == NULL) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "error parsing ENV attribute\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       if (strncmp(attr, "PHYSDEV", 7) == 0)
+                               physdev = 1;
+                       if (add_rule_key_pair(rules, rule, &rule->env, operation, attr, value) != 0)
+                               goto invalid;
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "PROGRAM") == 0) {
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->program, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "RESULT") == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid RESULT operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->result, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strncasecmp(key, "IMPORT", sizeof("IMPORT")-1) == 0) {
+                       attr = get_key_attribute(rules, key + sizeof("IMPORT")-1);
+                       if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "program")) {
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be executed\n");
+                               rule->import_type  = IMPORT_PROGRAM;
+                       } else if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "file")) {
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be included as file\n");
+                               rule->import_type  = IMPORT_FILE;
+                       } else if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "parent")) {
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will include the parent values\n");
+                               rule->import_type = IMPORT_PARENT;
+                       } else {
+                               /* figure it out if it is executable */
+                               char file[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+                               char *pos;
+                               struct stat statbuf;
+
+                               util_strlcpy(file, value, sizeof(file));
+                               pos = strchr(file, ' ');
+                               if (pos)
+                                       pos[0] = '\0';
+
+                               /* allow programs in /lib/udev called without the path */
+                               if (strchr(file, '/') == NULL) {
+                                       util_strlcpy(file, UDEV_PREFIX "/lib/udev/", sizeof(file));
+                                       util_strlcat(file, value, sizeof(file));
+                                       pos = strchr(file, ' ');
+                                       if (pos)
+                                               pos[0] = '\0';
+                               }
+
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT auto mode for '%s'\n", file);
+                               if (!lstat(file, &statbuf) && (statbuf.st_mode & S_IXUSR)) {
+                                       dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT is executable, will be executed (autotype)\n");
+                                       rule->import_type  = IMPORT_PROGRAM;
+                               } else {
+                                       dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT is not executable, will be included as file (autotype)\n");
+                                       rule->import_type  = IMPORT_FILE;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->import, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strncasecmp(key, "TEST", sizeof("TEST")-1) == 0) {
+                       if (operation != KEY_OP_MATCH &&
+                           operation != KEY_OP_NOMATCH) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "invalid TEST operation\n");
+                               goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       attr = get_key_attribute(rules, key + sizeof("TEST")-1);
+                       if (attr != NULL)
+                               rule->test_mode_mask = strtol(attr, NULL, 8);
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->test, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strncasecmp(key, "RUN", sizeof("RUN")-1) == 0) {
+                       attr = get_key_attribute(rules, key + sizeof("RUN")-1);
+                       if (attr != NULL) {
+                               if (strstr(attr, "ignore_error"))
+                                       rule->run_ignore_error = 1;
+                       }
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->run, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "WAIT_FOR") == 0 || strcasecmp(key, "WAIT_FOR_SYSFS") == 0) {
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->wait_for, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "LABEL") == 0) {
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->label, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "GOTO") == 0) {
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->goto_label, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strncasecmp(key, "NAME", sizeof("NAME")-1) == 0) {
+                       attr = get_key_attribute(rules, key + sizeof("NAME")-1);
+                       if (attr != NULL) {
+                               if (strstr(attr, "all_partitions") != NULL) {
+                                       dbg(rules->udev, "creation of partition nodes requested\n");
+                                       rule->partitions = DEFAULT_FAKE_PARTITIONS_COUNT;
+                               }
+                               if (strstr(attr, "ignore_remove") != NULL) {
+                                       dbg(rules->udev, "remove event should be ignored\n");
+                                       rule->ignore_remove = 1;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (value[0] == '\0')
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "name empty, node creation supressed\n");
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->name, operation, value);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "SYMLINK") == 0) {
+                       if (operation == KEY_OP_MATCH ||
+                           operation == KEY_OP_NOMATCH)
+                               add_rule_key(rule, &rule->symlink_match, operation, value);
+                       else
+                               add_rule_key(rule, &rule->symlink, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "OWNER") == 0) {
+                       valid = 1;
+                       if (rules->resolve_names && (!strchr(value, '$') && !strchr(value, '%'))) {
+                               char *endptr;
+                               strtoul(value, &endptr, 10);
+                               if (endptr[0] != '\0') {
+                                       char owner[32];
+                                       uid_t uid = util_lookup_user(rules->udev, value);
+                                       dbg(rules->udev, "replacing username='%s' by id=%i\n", value, uid);
+                                       sprintf(owner, "%u", (unsigned int) uid);
+                                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->owner, operation, owner);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->owner, operation, value);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "GROUP") == 0) {
+                       valid = 1;
+                       if (rules->resolve_names && (!strchr(value, '$') && !strchr(value, '%'))) {
+                               char *endptr;
+                               strtoul(value, &endptr, 10);
+                               if (endptr[0] != '\0') {
+                                       char group[32];
+                                       gid_t gid = util_lookup_group(rules->udev, value);
+                                       dbg(rules->udev, "replacing groupname='%s' by id=%i\n", value, gid);
+                                       sprintf(group, "%u", (unsigned int) gid);
+                                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->group, operation, group);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->group, operation, value);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "MODE") == 0) {
+                       add_rule_key(rule, &rule->mode, operation, value);
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (strcasecmp(key, "OPTIONS") == 0) {
+                       const char *pos;
+
+                       if (strstr(value, "last_rule") != NULL) {
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "last rule to be applied\n");
+                               rule->last_rule = 1;
+                       }
+                       if (strstr(value, "ignore_device") != NULL) {
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "device should be ignored\n");
+                               rule->ignore_device = 1;
+                       }
+                       if (strstr(value, "ignore_remove") != NULL) {
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "remove event should be ignored\n");
+                               rule->ignore_remove = 1;
+                       }
+                       pos = strstr(value, "link_priority=");
+                       if (pos != NULL) {
+                               rule->link_priority = atoi(&pos[strlen("link_priority=")]);
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "link priority=%i\n", rule->link_priority);
+                       }
+                       pos = strstr(value, "event_timeout=");
+                       if (pos != NULL) {
+                               rule->event_timeout = atoi(&pos[strlen("event_timeout=")]);
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "event timout=%i\n", rule->event_timeout);
+                       }
+                       pos = strstr(value, "string_escape=");
+                       if (pos != NULL) {
+                               pos = &pos[strlen("string_escape=")];
+                               if (strncmp(pos, "none", strlen("none")) == 0)
+                                       rule->string_escape = ESCAPE_NONE;
+                               else if (strncmp(pos, "replace", strlen("replace")) == 0)
+                                       rule->string_escape = ESCAPE_REPLACE;
+                       }
+                       if (strstr(value, "all_partitions") != NULL) {
+                               dbg(rules->udev, "creation of partition nodes requested\n");
+                               rule->partitions = DEFAULT_FAKE_PARTITIONS_COUNT;
+                       }
+                       valid = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               err(rules->udev, "unknown key '%s' in %s:%u\n", key, filename, lineno);
+       }
+
+       if (physdev && rule->wait_for.operation == KEY_OP_UNSET)
+               err(rules->udev, "PHYSDEV* values are deprecated and will be removed from a future kernel, \n"
+                   "please fix it in %s:%u", filename, lineno);
+
+       /* skip line if not any valid key was found */
+       if (!valid)
+               goto invalid;
+
+       /* grow buffer and add rule */
+       rule_size = sizeof(struct udev_rule) + rule->bufsize;
+       padding = (sizeof(size_t) - rule_size % sizeof(size_t)) % sizeof(size_t);
+       dbg(rules->udev, "add %zi padding bytes\n", padding);
+       rule_size += padding;
+       rule->bufsize += padding;
+
+       rules->buf = realloc(rules->buf, rules->bufsize + rule_size);
+       if (!rules->buf) {
+               err(rules->udev, "realloc failed\n");
+               goto exit;
+       }
+       dbg(rules->udev, "adding rule to offset %zi\n", rules->bufsize);
+       memcpy(rules->buf + rules->bufsize, rule, rule_size);
+       rules->bufsize += rule_size;
+exit:
+       return 0;
+
+invalid:
+       err(rules->udev, "invalid rule '%s:%u'\n", filename, lineno);
+       return -1;
+}
+
+static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename)
+{
+       FILE *f;
+       char line[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
+       size_t start;
+       struct udev_rule *rule;
+       struct udev_rules_iter iter;
+
+       start = rules->bufsize;
+       info(rules->udev, "reading '%s' as rules file\n", filename);
+
+       f = fopen(filename, "r");
+       if (f == NULL)
+               return -1;
+
+       while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) != NULL) {
+               int line_nr = 0;
+               char *key;
+               size_t len;
+
+               /* skip whitespace */
+               line_nr++;
+               key = line;
+               while (isspace(key[0]))
+                       key++;
+
+               /* comment */
+               if (key[0] == '#')
+                       continue;
+
+               len = strlen(line);
+               if (len < 3)
+                       continue;
+
+               /* continue reading if backslash+newline is found */
+               while (line[len-2] == '\\') {
+                       if (fgets(&line[len-2], (sizeof(line)-len)+2, f) == NULL)
+                               break;
+                       line_nr++;
+                       len = strlen(line);
+               }
+
+               if (len+1 >= sizeof(line)) {
+                       err(rules->udev, "line too long '%s':%u, ignored\n", filename, line_nr);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               add_to_rules(rules, key, filename, line_nr);
+       }
+       fclose(f);
+
+       /* compute all goto targets within this file */
+       udev_rules_iter_init(&iter, rules);
+       udev_rules_iter_goto(&iter, start);
+       while((rule = udev_rules_iter_next(&iter))) {
+               if (rule->goto_label.operation != KEY_OP_UNSET) {
+                       char *goto_label = &rule->buf[rule->goto_label.val_off];
+
+                       dbg(rules->udev, "resolving goto label '%s'\n", goto_label);
+                       rule->goto_rule_off = find_label(&iter, goto_label);
+                       if (rule->goto_rule_off == 0) {
+                               err(rules->udev, "ignore goto to nonexistent label '%s' in '%s'\n",
+                                   goto_label, filename);
+                               rule->goto_rule_off = iter.current;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_matching_files(struct udev *udev, struct udev_list_node *file_list, const char *dirname, const char *suffix)
+{
+       struct dirent *ent;
+       DIR *dir;
+       char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+
+       dbg(udev, "open directory '%s'\n", dirname);
+       dir = opendir(dirname);
+       if (dir == NULL) {
+               err(udev, "unable to open '%s': %m\n", dirname);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       while (1) {
+               ent = readdir(dir);
+               if (ent == NULL || ent->d_name[0] == '\0')
+                       break;
+
+               if ((ent->d_name[0] == '.') || (ent->d_name[0] == '#'))
+                       continue;
+
+               /* look for file matching with specified suffix */
+               if (suffix != NULL) {
+                       const char *ext;
+
+                       ext = strrchr(ent->d_name, '.');
+                       if (ext == NULL)
+                               continue;
+                       if (strcmp(ext, suffix) != 0)
+                               continue;
+               }
+               dbg(udev, "put file '%s/%s' into list\n", dirname, ent->d_name);
+
+               snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/%s", dirname, ent->d_name);
+               filename[sizeof(filename)-1] = '\0';
+               udev_list_entry_add(udev, file_list, filename, NULL, 1, 1);
+       }
+
+       closedir(dir);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
+{
+       struct udev_rules *rules;
+       struct stat statbuf;
+       char filename[PATH_MAX];
+       struct udev_list_node file_list;
+       struct udev_list_entry *file_loop, *file_tmp;
+
+       rules = calloc(1, sizeof(struct udev_rules));
+       if (rules == NULL)
+               return rules;
+       rules->udev = udev;
+       rules->resolve_names = resolve_names;
+       udev_list_init(&file_list);
+
+       if (udev_get_rules_path(udev) != NULL) {
+               /* custom rules location for testing */
+               add_matching_files(udev, &file_list, udev_get_rules_path(udev), ".rules");
+       } else {
+               struct udev_list_node sort_list;
+               struct udev_list_entry *sort_loop, *sort_tmp;
+
+               /* read user/custom rules */
+               add_matching_files(udev, &file_list, SYSCONFDIR "/udev/rules.d", ".rules");
+
+               /* read dynamic/temporary rules */
+               util_strlcpy(filename, udev_get_dev_path(udev), sizeof(filename));
+               util_strlcat(filename, "/.udev/rules.d", sizeof(filename));
+               if (stat(filename, &statbuf) != 0) {
+                       util_create_path(udev, filename);
+                       udev_selinux_setfscreatecon(udev, filename, S_IFDIR|0755);
+                       mkdir(filename, 0755);
+                       udev_selinux_resetfscreatecon(udev);
+               }
+               udev_list_init(&sort_list);
+               add_matching_files(udev, &sort_list, filename, ".rules");
+
+               /* read default rules */
+               add_matching_files(udev, &sort_list, UDEV_PREFIX "/lib/udev/rules.d", ".rules");
+
+               /* sort all rules files by basename into list of files */
+               udev_list_entry_foreach_safe(sort_loop, sort_tmp, udev_list_get_entry(&sort_list)) {
+                       const char *sort_name = udev_list_entry_get_name(sort_loop);
+                       const char *sort_base = strrchr(sort_name, '/');
+
+                       if (sort_base == NULL)
+                               continue;
+
+                       udev_list_entry_foreach_safe(file_loop, file_tmp, udev_list_get_entry(&file_list)) {
+                               const char *file_name = udev_list_entry_get_name(file_loop);
+                               const char *file_base = strrchr(file_name, '/');
+
+                               if (file_base == NULL)
+                                       continue;
+                               if (strcmp(file_base, sort_base) == 0) {
+                                       info(udev, "rule file basename '%s' already added, ignoring '%s'\n",
+                                            file_name, sort_name);
+                                       udev_list_entry_remove(sort_loop);
+                                       sort_loop = NULL;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if (strcmp(file_base, sort_base) > 0)
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       if (sort_loop != NULL)
+                               udev_list_entry_move_before(sort_loop, file_loop);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* parse list of files */
+       udev_list_entry_foreach_safe(file_loop, file_tmp, udev_list_get_entry(&file_list)) {
+               const char *file_name = udev_list_entry_get_name(file_loop);
+
+               if (stat(file_name, &statbuf) == 0 && statbuf.st_size > 0)
+                       parse_file(rules, file_name);
+               else
+                       info(udev, "can not read '%s'\n", file_name);
+               udev_list_entry_remove(file_loop);
+       }
+       return rules;
+}
+
+void udev_rules_unref(struct udev_rules *rules)
+{
+       if (rules == NULL)
+               return;
+       if (rules->buf) {
+               free(rules->buf);
+               rules->buf = NULL;
+       }
+       free(rules);
+}