chiark / gitweb /
libudev: add missing hunks
[elogind.git] / src / udev / udev-rules.c
index 9743243a3777f9f98f5df6dcae348c778936c1f2..e8387d793a451ab6a9ab6dd7343ccd31d374a732 100644 (file)
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "conf-files.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 #define PREALLOC_TOKEN          2048
 
@@ -44,10 +46,15 @@ struct uid_gid {
         };
 };
 
+static const char* const rules_dirs[] = {
+        "/etc/udev/rules.d",
+        "/run/udev/rules.d",
+        UDEVLIBEXECDIR "/rules.d",
+        NULL};
+
 struct udev_rules {
         struct udev *udev;
-        char **dirs;
-        usec_t *dirs_ts_usec;
+        usec_t dirs_ts_usec;
         int resolve_names;
 
         /* every key in the rules file becomes a token */
@@ -55,7 +62,7 @@ struct udev_rules {
         unsigned int token_cur;
         unsigned int token_max;
 
-        /* all key strings are copied and de-duplicated in a single continous string buffer */
+        /* all key strings are copied and de-duplicated in a single continuous string buffer */
         struct strbuf *strbuf;
 
         /* during rule parsing, uid/gid lookup results are cached */
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ static unsigned int rules_add_string(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *s) {
         return strbuf_add_string(rules->strbuf, s, strlen(s));
 }
 
-/* KEY=="", KEY!="", KEY+="", KEY="", KEY:="" */
+/* KEY=="", KEY!="", KEY+="", KEY-="", KEY="", KEY:="" */
 enum operation_type {
         OP_UNSET,
 
@@ -84,6 +91,7 @@ enum operation_type {
         OP_MATCH_MAX,
 
         OP_ADD,
+        OP_REMOVE,
         OP_ASSIGN,
         OP_ASSIGN_FINAL,
 };
@@ -130,7 +138,6 @@ enum token_type {
         TK_M_PARENTS_MAX,
 
         TK_M_TEST,                      /* val, mode_t */
-        TK_M_EVENT_TIMEOUT,             /* int */
         TK_M_PROGRAM,                   /* val */
         TK_M_IMPORT_FILE,               /* val */
         TK_M_IMPORT_PROG,               /* val */
@@ -152,9 +159,10 @@ enum token_type {
         TK_A_OWNER_ID,                  /* uid_t */
         TK_A_GROUP_ID,                  /* gid_t */
         TK_A_MODE_ID,                   /* mode_t */
+        TK_A_TAG,                       /* val */
         TK_A_STATIC_NODE,               /* val */
+        TK_A_SECLABEL,                  /* val, attr */
         TK_A_ENV,                       /* val, attr */
-        TK_A_TAG,                       /* val */
         TK_A_NAME,                      /* val */
         TK_A_DEVLINK,                   /* val */
         TK_A_ATTR,                      /* val, attr */
@@ -193,7 +201,6 @@ struct token {
                                 uid_t uid;
                                 gid_t gid;
                                 int devlink_prio;
-                                int event_timeout;
                                 int watch;
                                 enum udev_builtin_cmd builtin_cmd;
                         };
@@ -210,8 +217,7 @@ struct rule_tmp {
 };
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
-static const char *operation_str(enum operation_type type)
-{
+static const char *operation_str(enum operation_type type) {
         static const char *operation_strs[] = {
                 [OP_UNSET] =            "UNSET",
                 [OP_MATCH] =            "match",
@@ -219,6 +225,7 @@ static const char *operation_str(enum operation_type type)
                 [OP_MATCH_MAX] =        "MATCH_MAX",
 
                 [OP_ADD] =              "add",
+                [OP_REMOVE] =           "remove",
                 [OP_ASSIGN] =           "assign",
                 [OP_ASSIGN_FINAL] =     "assign-final",
 }        ;
@@ -226,8 +233,7 @@ static const char *operation_str(enum operation_type type)
         return operation_strs[type];
 }
 
-static const char *string_glob_str(enum string_glob_type type)
-{
+static const char *string_glob_str(enum string_glob_type type) {
         static const char *string_glob_strs[] = {
                 [GL_UNSET] =            "UNSET",
                 [GL_PLAIN] =            "plain",
@@ -240,8 +246,7 @@ static const char *string_glob_str(enum string_glob_type type)
         return string_glob_strs[type];
 }
 
-static const char *token_str(enum token_type type)
-{
+static const char *token_str(enum token_type type) {
         static const char *token_strs[] = {
                 [TK_UNSET] =                    "UNSET",
                 [TK_RULE] =                     "RULE",
@@ -267,7 +272,6 @@ static const char *token_str(enum token_type type)
                 [TK_M_PARENTS_MAX] =            "M PARENTS_MAX",
 
                 [TK_M_TEST] =                   "M TEST",
-                [TK_M_EVENT_TIMEOUT] =          "M EVENT_TIMEOUT",
                 [TK_M_PROGRAM] =                "M PROGRAM",
                 [TK_M_IMPORT_FILE] =            "M IMPORT_FILE",
                 [TK_M_IMPORT_PROG] =            "M IMPORT_PROG",
@@ -289,6 +293,7 @@ static const char *token_str(enum token_type type)
                 [TK_A_OWNER_ID] =               "A OWNER_ID",
                 [TK_A_GROUP_ID] =               "A GROUP_ID",
                 [TK_A_STATIC_NODE] =            "A STATIC_NODE",
+                [TK_A_SECLABEL] =               "A SECLABEL",
                 [TK_A_MODE_ID] =                "A MODE_ID",
                 [TK_A_ENV] =                    "A ENV",
                 [TK_A_TAG] =                    "A ENV",
@@ -305,8 +310,7 @@ static const char *token_str(enum token_type type)
         return token_strs[type];
 }
 
-static void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
-{
+static void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token) {
         enum token_type type = token->type;
         enum operation_type op = token->key.op;
         enum string_glob_type glob = token->key.glob;
@@ -320,7 +324,7 @@ static void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
                         const char *tk_ptr = (char *)token;
                         unsigned int idx = (tk_ptr - tks_ptr) / sizeof(struct token);
 
-                        log_debug("* RULE %s:%u, token: %u, count: %u, label: '%s'\n",
+                        log_debug("* RULE %s:%u, token: %u, count: %u, label: '%s'",
                                   &rules->buf[token->rule.filename_off], token->rule.filename_line,
                                   idx, token->rule.token_count,
                                   &rules->buf[token->rule.label_off]);
@@ -352,90 +356,86 @@ static void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
         case TK_A_MODE:
         case TK_A_RUN_BUILTIN:
         case TK_A_RUN_PROGRAM:
-                log_debug("%s %s '%s'(%s)\n",
+                log_debug("%s %s '%s'(%s)",
                           token_str(type), operation_str(op), value, string_glob_str(glob));
                 break;
         case TK_M_IMPORT_BUILTIN:
-                log_debug("%s %i '%s'\n", token_str(type), token->key.builtin_cmd, value);
+                log_debug("%s %i '%s'", token_str(type), token->key.builtin_cmd, value);
                 break;
         case TK_M_ATTR:
         case TK_M_ATTRS:
         case TK_M_ENV:
         case TK_A_ATTR:
         case TK_A_ENV:
-                log_debug("%s %s '%s' '%s'(%s)\n",
+                log_debug("%s %s '%s' '%s'(%s)",
                           token_str(type), operation_str(op), attr, value, string_glob_str(glob));
                 break;
         case TK_M_TAG:
         case TK_A_TAG:
-                log_debug("%s %s '%s'\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), value);
+                log_debug("%s %s '%s'", token_str(type), operation_str(op), value);
                 break;
         case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE:
         case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE:
         case TK_A_DB_PERSIST:
-                log_debug("%s\n", token_str(type));
+                log_debug("%s", token_str(type));
                 break;
         case TK_M_TEST:
-                log_debug("%s %s '%s'(%s) %#o\n",
+                log_debug("%s %s '%s'(%s) %#o",
                           token_str(type), operation_str(op), value, string_glob_str(glob), token->key.mode);
                 break;
         case TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH:
-                log_debug("%s %u\n", token_str(type), token->key.watch);
+                log_debug("%s %u", token_str(type), token->key.watch);
                 break;
         case TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO:
-                log_debug("%s %u\n", token_str(type), token->key.devlink_prio);
+                log_debug("%s %u", token_str(type), token->key.devlink_prio);
                 break;
         case TK_A_OWNER_ID:
-                log_debug("%s %s %u\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.uid);
+                log_debug("%s %s %u", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.uid);
                 break;
         case TK_A_GROUP_ID:
-                log_debug("%s %s %u\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.gid);
+                log_debug("%s %s %u", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.gid);
                 break;
         case TK_A_MODE_ID:
-                log_debug("%s %s %#o\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.mode);
+                log_debug("%s %s %#o", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.mode);
                 break;
         case TK_A_STATIC_NODE:
-                log_debug("%s '%s'\n", token_str(type), value);
+                log_debug("%s '%s'", token_str(type), value);
                 break;
-        case TK_M_EVENT_TIMEOUT:
-                log_debug("%s %u\n", token_str(type), token->key.event_timeout);
+        case TK_A_SECLABEL:
+                log_debug("%s %s '%s' '%s'", token_str(type), operation_str(op), attr, value);
                 break;
         case TK_A_GOTO:
-                log_debug("%s '%s' %u\n", token_str(type), value, token->key.rule_goto);
+                log_debug("%s '%s' %u", token_str(type), value, token->key.rule_goto);
                 break;
         case TK_END:
-                log_debug("* %s\n", token_str(type));
+                log_debug("* %s", token_str(type));
                 break;
         case TK_M_PARENTS_MIN:
         case TK_M_PARENTS_MAX:
         case TK_M_MAX:
         case TK_UNSET:
-                log_debug("unknown type %u\n", type);
+                log_debug("unknown type %u", type);
                 break;
         }
 }
 
-static void dump_rules(struct udev_rules *rules)
-{
+static void dump_rules(struct udev_rules *rules) {
         unsigned int i;
 
-        log_debug("dumping %u (%zu bytes) tokens, %u (%zu bytes) strings\n",
+        log_debug("dumping %u (%zu bytes) tokens, %u (%zu bytes) strings",
                   rules->token_cur,
                   rules->token_cur * sizeof(struct token),
                   rules->buf_count,
                   rules->buf_cur);
-        for(i = 0; i < rules->token_cur; i++)
+        for (i = 0; i < rules->token_cur; i++)
                 dump_token(rules, &rules->tokens[i]);
 }
 #else
-static inline const char *operation_str(enum operation_type type) { return NULL; }
-static inline const char *token_str(enum token_type type) { return NULL; }
 static inline void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token) {}
 static inline void dump_rules(struct udev_rules *rules) {}
 #endif /* DEBUG */
 
-static int add_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
-{
+static int add_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token) {
         /* grow buffer if needed */
         if (rules->token_cur+1 >= rules->token_max) {
                 struct token *tokens;
@@ -457,11 +457,11 @@ static int add_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
         return 0;
 }
 
-static uid_t add_uid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *owner)
-{
+static uid_t add_uid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *owner) {
         unsigned int i;
-        uid_t uid;
+        uid_t uid = 0;
         unsigned int off;
+        int r;
 
         /* lookup, if we know it already */
         for (i = 0; i < rules->uids_cur; i++) {
@@ -471,7 +471,13 @@ static uid_t add_uid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *owner)
                         return uid;
                 }
         }
-        uid = util_lookup_user(rules->udev, owner);
+        r = get_user_creds(&owner, &uid, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r == -ENOENT || r == -ESRCH)
+                        log_error("specified user '%s' unknown", owner);
+                else
+                        log_error_errno(r, "error resolving user '%s': %m", owner);
+        }
 
         /* grow buffer if needed */
         if (rules->uids_cur+1 >= rules->uids_max) {
@@ -498,11 +504,11 @@ static uid_t add_uid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *owner)
         return uid;
 }
 
-static gid_t add_gid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *group)
-{
+static gid_t add_gid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *group) {
         unsigned int i;
-        gid_t gid;
+        gid_t gid = 0;
         unsigned int off;
+        int r;
 
         /* lookup, if we know it already */
         for (i = 0; i < rules->gids_cur; i++) {
@@ -512,7 +518,13 @@ static gid_t add_gid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *group)
                         return gid;
                 }
         }
-        gid = util_lookup_group(rules->udev, group);
+        r = get_group_creds(&group, &gid);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r == -ENOENT || r == -ESRCH)
+                        log_error("specified group '%s' unknown", group);
+                else
+                        log_error_errno(r, "error resolving group '%s': %m", group);
+        }
 
         /* grow buffer if needed */
         if (rules->gids_cur+1 >= rules->gids_max) {
@@ -539,8 +551,7 @@ static gid_t add_gid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *group)
         return gid;
 }
 
-static int import_property_from_string(struct udev_device *dev, char *line)
-{
+static int import_property_from_string(struct udev_device *dev, char *line) {
         char *key;
         char *val;
         size_t len;
@@ -587,34 +598,19 @@ static int import_property_from_string(struct udev_device *dev, char *line)
         /* unquote */
         if (val[0] == '"' || val[0] == '\'') {
                 if (val[len-1] != val[0]) {
-                        log_debug("inconsistent quoting: '%s', skip\n", line);
+                        log_debug("inconsistent quoting: '%s', skip", line);
                         return -1;
                 }
                 val[len-1] = '\0';
                 val++;
         }
 
-        /* handle device, renamed by external tool, returning new path */
-        if (streq(key, "DEVPATH")) {
-                char syspath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-
-                log_debug("updating devpath from '%s' to '%s'\n",
-                          udev_device_get_devpath(dev), val);
-                util_strscpyl(syspath, sizeof(syspath), "/sys", val, NULL);
-                udev_device_set_syspath(dev, syspath);
-        } else {
-                struct udev_list_entry *entry;
-
-                entry = udev_device_add_property(dev, key, val);
-                /* store in db, skip private keys */
-                if (key[0] != '.')
-                        udev_list_entry_set_num(entry, true);
-        }
+        udev_device_add_property(dev, key, val);
+
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int import_file_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *filename)
-{
+static int import_file_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *filename) {
         FILE *f;
         char line[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
 
@@ -627,8 +623,10 @@ static int import_file_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *file
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int import_program_into_properties(struct udev_event *event, const char *program, const sigset_t *sigmask)
-{
+static int import_program_into_properties(struct udev_event *event,
+                                          usec_t timeout_usec,
+                                          usec_t timeout_warn_usec,
+                                          const char *program, const sigset_t *sigmask) {
         struct udev_device *dev = event->dev;
         char **envp;
         char result[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
@@ -636,7 +634,7 @@ static int import_program_into_properties(struct udev_event *event, const char *
         int err;
 
         envp = udev_device_get_properties_envp(dev);
-        err = udev_event_spawn(event, program, envp, sigmask, result, sizeof(result));
+        err = udev_event_spawn(event, timeout_usec, timeout_warn_usec, program, envp, sigmask, result, sizeof(result));
         if (err < 0)
                 return err;
 
@@ -655,8 +653,7 @@ static int import_program_into_properties(struct udev_event *event, const char *
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int import_parent_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *filter)
-{
+static int import_parent_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *filter) {
         struct udev_device *dev_parent;
         struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
 
@@ -669,20 +666,14 @@ static int import_parent_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *fi
                 const char *val = udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);
 
                 if (fnmatch(filter, key, 0) == 0) {
-                        struct udev_list_entry *entry;
-
-                        entry = udev_device_add_property(dev, key, val);
-                        /* store in db, skip private keys */
-                        if (key[0] != '.')
-                                udev_list_entry_set_num(entry, true);
+                        udev_device_add_property(dev, key, val);
                 }
         }
         return 0;
 }
 
 #define WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND                50
-static int wait_for_file(struct udev_device *dev, const char *file, int timeout)
-{
+static int wait_for_file(struct udev_device *dev, const char *file, int timeout) {
         char filepath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
         char devicepath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
         struct stat stats;
@@ -691,8 +682,8 @@ static int wait_for_file(struct udev_device *dev, const char *file, int timeout)
         /* a relative path is a device attribute */
         devicepath[0] = '\0';
         if (file[0] != '/') {
-                util_strscpyl(devicepath, sizeof(devicepath), udev_device_get_syspath(dev), NULL);
-                util_strscpyl(filepath, sizeof(filepath), devicepath, "/", file, NULL);
+                strscpyl(devicepath, sizeof(devicepath), udev_device_get_syspath(dev), NULL);
+                strscpyl(filepath, sizeof(filepath), devicepath, "/", file, NULL);
                 file = filepath;
         }
 
@@ -701,23 +692,22 @@ static int wait_for_file(struct udev_device *dev, const char *file, int timeout)
 
                 /* lookup file */
                 if (stat(file, &stats) == 0) {
-                        log_debug("file '%s' appeared after %i loops\n", file, (timeout * WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND) - loop-1);
+                        log_debug("file '%s' appeared after %i loops", file, (timeout * WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND) - loop-1);
                         return 0;
                 }
                 /* make sure, the device did not disappear in the meantime */
                 if (devicepath[0] != '\0' && stat(devicepath, &stats) != 0) {
-                        log_debug("device disappeared while waiting for '%s'\n", file);
+                        log_debug("device disappeared while waiting for '%s'", file);
                         return -2;
                 }
-                log_debug("wait for '%s' for %i mseconds\n", file, 1000 / WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND);
+                log_debug("wait for '%s' for %i mseconds", file, 1000 / WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND);
                 nanosleep(&duration, NULL);
         }
-        log_debug("waiting for '%s' failed\n", file);
+        log_debug("waiting for '%s' failed", file);
         return -1;
 }
 
-static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len)
-{
+static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len) {
         bool found = false;
 
         if (strstr(attr, "/*/")) {
@@ -726,7 +716,7 @@ static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len)
                 const char *tail;
                 DIR *dir;
 
-                util_strscpy(dirname, sizeof(dirname), attr);
+                strscpy(dirname, sizeof(dirname), attr);
                 pos = strstr(dirname, "/*/");
                 if (pos == NULL)
                         return -1;
@@ -741,7 +731,7 @@ static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len)
 
                                 if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
                                         continue;
-                                util_strscpyl(attr, len, dirname, "/", dent->d_name, tail, NULL);
+                                strscpyl(attr, len, dirname, "/", dent->d_name, tail, NULL);
                                 if (stat(attr, &stats) == 0) {
                                         found = true;
                                         break;
@@ -754,8 +744,7 @@ static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len)
         return found;
 }
 
-static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum operation_type *op, char **value)
-{
+static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum operation_type *op, char **value) {
         char *linepos;
         char *temp;
 
@@ -780,7 +769,7 @@ static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum operation_ty
                         break;
                 if (linepos[0] == '=')
                         break;
-                if ((linepos[0] == '+') || (linepos[0] == '!') || (linepos[0] == ':'))
+                if ((linepos[0] == '+') || (linepos[0] == '-') || (linepos[0] == '!') || (linepos[0] == ':'))
                         if (linepos[1] == '=')
                                 break;
         }
@@ -804,6 +793,9 @@ static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum operation_ty
         } else if (linepos[0] == '+' && linepos[1] == '=') {
                 *op = OP_ADD;
                 linepos += 2;
+        } else if (linepos[0] == '-' && linepos[1] == '=') {
+                *op = OP_REMOVE;
+                linepos += 2;
         } else if (linepos[0] == '=') {
                 *op = OP_ASSIGN;
                 linepos++;
@@ -842,8 +834,7 @@ static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum operation_ty
 }
 
 /* extract possible KEY{attr} */
-static const char *get_key_attribute(struct udev *udev, char *str)
-{
+static const char *get_key_attribute(struct udev *udev, char *str) {
         char *pos;
         char *attr;
 
@@ -852,7 +843,7 @@ static const char *get_key_attribute(struct udev *udev, char *str)
                 attr++;
                 pos = strchr(attr, '}');
                 if (pos == NULL) {
-                        log_error("missing closing brace for format\n");
+                        log_error("missing closing brace for format");
                         return NULL;
                 }
                 pos[0] = '\0';
@@ -863,12 +854,11 @@ static const char *get_key_attribute(struct udev *udev, char *str)
 
 static int rule_add_key(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
                         enum operation_type op,
-                        const char *value, const void *data)
-{
+                        const char *value, const void *data) {
         struct token *token = &rule_tmp->token[rule_tmp->token_cur];
         const char *attr = NULL;
 
-        memset(token, 0x00, sizeof(struct token));
+        memzero(token, sizeof(struct token));
 
         switch (type) {
         case TK_M_ACTION:
@@ -898,6 +888,7 @@ static int rule_add_key(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
         case TK_A_GOTO:
         case TK_M_TAG:
         case TK_A_TAG:
+        case TK_A_STATIC_NODE:
                 token->key.value_off = rules_add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
                 break;
         case TK_M_IMPORT_BUILTIN:
@@ -909,6 +900,7 @@ static int rule_add_key(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
         case TK_M_ATTRS:
         case TK_A_ATTR:
         case TK_A_ENV:
+        case TK_A_SECLABEL:
                 attr = data;
                 token->key.value_off = rules_add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
                 token->key.attr_off = rules_add_string(rule_tmp->rules, attr);
@@ -940,19 +932,13 @@ static int rule_add_key(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
         case TK_A_MODE_ID:
                 token->key.mode = *(mode_t *)data;
                 break;
-        case TK_A_STATIC_NODE:
-                token->key.value_off = rules_add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
-                break;
-        case TK_M_EVENT_TIMEOUT:
-                token->key.event_timeout = *(int *)data;
-                break;
         case TK_RULE:
         case TK_M_PARENTS_MIN:
         case TK_M_PARENTS_MAX:
         case TK_M_MAX:
         case TK_END:
         case TK_UNSET:
-                log_error("wrong type %u\n", type);
+                log_error("wrong type %u", type);
                 return -1;
         }
 
@@ -963,7 +949,7 @@ static int rule_add_key(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
                 int has_glob;
 
                 has_split = (strchr(value, '|') != NULL);
-                has_glob = (strchr(value, '*') != NULL || strchr(value, '?') != NULL || strchr(value, '[') != NULL);
+                has_glob = string_is_glob(value);
                 if (has_split && has_glob) {
                         glob = GL_SPLIT_GLOB;
                 } else if (has_split) {
@@ -990,7 +976,7 @@ static int rule_add_key(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
         }
 
         if (attr != NULL) {
-                /* check if property/attribut name has substitution chars */
+                /* check if property/attribute name has substitution chars */
                 if (attr[0] == '[')
                         token->key.attrsubst = SB_SUBSYS;
                 else if (strchr(attr, '%') != NULL || strchr(attr, '$') != NULL)
@@ -1003,14 +989,13 @@ static int rule_add_key(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
         token->key.op = op;
         rule_tmp->token_cur++;
         if (rule_tmp->token_cur >= ELEMENTSOF(rule_tmp->token)) {
-                log_error("temporary rule array too small\n");
+                log_error("temporary rule array too small");
                 return -1;
         }
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int sort_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp)
-{
+static int sort_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp) {
         unsigned int i;
         unsigned int start = 0;
         unsigned int end = rule_tmp->token_cur;
@@ -1045,15 +1030,14 @@ static int sort_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp)
 }
 
 static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
-                    const char *filename, unsigned int filename_off, unsigned int lineno)
-{
+                    const char *filename, unsigned int filename_off, unsigned int lineno) {
         char *linepos;
         const char *attr;
-        struct rule_tmp rule_tmp;
+        struct rule_tmp rule_tmp = {
+                .rules = rules,
+                .rule.type = TK_RULE,
+        };
 
-        memset(&rule_tmp, 0x00, sizeof(struct rule_tmp));
-        rule_tmp.rules = rules;
-        rule_tmp.rule.type = TK_RULE;
         /* the offset in the rule is limited to unsigned short */
         if (filename_off < USHRT_MAX)
                 rule_tmp.rule.rule.filename_off = filename_off;
@@ -1065,12 +1049,31 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                 char *value;
                 enum operation_type op;
 
-                if (get_key(rules->udev, &linepos, &key, &op, &value) != 0)
+                if (get_key(rules->udev, &linepos, &key, &op, &value) != 0) {
+                        /* Avoid erroring on trailing whitespace. This is probably rare
+                         * so save the work for the error case instead of always trying
+                         * to strip the trailing whitespace with strstrip(). */
+                        while (isblank(*linepos))
+                                linepos++;
+
+                        /* If we aren't at the end of the line, this is a parsing error.
+                         * Make a best effort to describe where the problem is. */
+                        if (!strchr(NEWLINE, *linepos)) {
+                                char buf[2] = {*linepos};
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *tmp;
+
+                                tmp = cescape(buf);
+                                log_error("invalid key/value pair in file %s on line %u, starting at character %tu ('%s')",
+                                          filename, lineno, linepos - line + 1, tmp);
+                                if (*linepos == '#')
+                                        log_error("hint: comments can only start at beginning of line");
+                        }
                         break;
+                }
 
                 if (streq(key, "ACTION")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid ACTION operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid ACTION operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ACTION, op, value, NULL);
@@ -1079,7 +1082,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
                 if (streq(key, "DEVPATH")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid DEVPATH operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid DEVPATH operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DEVPATH, op, value, NULL);
@@ -1088,7 +1091,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
                 if (streq(key, "KERNEL")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid KERNEL operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid KERNEL operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_KERNEL, op, value, NULL);
@@ -1097,7 +1100,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
                 if (streq(key, "SUBSYSTEM")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid SUBSYSTEM operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid SUBSYSTEM operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         /* bus, class, subsystem events should all be the same */
@@ -1105,7 +1108,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                             streq(value, "bus") ||
                             streq(value, "class")) {
                                 if (streq(value, "bus") || streq(value, "class"))
-                                        log_error("'%s' must be specified as 'subsystem' \n"
+                                        log_error("'%s' must be specified as 'subsystem' "
                                             "please fix it in %s:%u", value, filename, lineno);
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEM, op, "subsystem|class|bus", NULL);
                         } else
@@ -1115,7 +1118,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
                 if (streq(key, "DRIVER")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid DRIVER operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid DRIVER operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DRIVER, op, value, NULL);
@@ -1123,9 +1126,13 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                 }
 
                 if (startswith(key, "ATTR{")) {
-                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("ATTR")-1);
+                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + strlen("ATTR"));
                         if (attr == NULL) {
-                                log_error("error parsing ATTR attribute\n");
+                                log_error("error parsing ATTR attribute");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid ATTR operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
@@ -1136,9 +1143,24 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                         continue;
                 }
 
+                if (startswith(key, "SECLABEL{")) {
+                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + strlen("SECLABEL"));
+                        if (!attr) {
+                                log_error("error parsing SECLABEL attribute");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid SECLABEL operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
+
+                        rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_SECLABEL, op, value, attr);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
                 if (streq(key, "KERNELS")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid KERNELS operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid KERNELS operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_KERNELS, op, value, NULL);
@@ -1147,7 +1169,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
                 if (streq(key, "SUBSYSTEMS")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid SUBSYSTEMS operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid SUBSYSTEMS operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS, op, value, NULL);
@@ -1156,7 +1178,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
                 if (streq(key, "DRIVERS")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid DRIVERS operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid DRIVERS operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DRIVERS, op, value, NULL);
@@ -1165,12 +1187,12 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
                 if (startswith(key, "ATTRS{")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid ATTRS operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid ATTRS operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
-                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("ATTRS")-1);
+                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + strlen("ATTRS"));
                         if (attr == NULL) {
-                                log_error("error parsing ATTRS attribute\n");
+                                log_error("error parsing ATTRS attribute");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         if (startswith(attr, "device/"))
@@ -1185,7 +1207,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
                 if (streq(key, "TAGS")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid TAGS operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid TAGS operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_TAGS, op, value, NULL);
@@ -1193,9 +1215,13 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                 }
 
                 if (startswith(key, "ENV{")) {
-                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("ENV")-1);
+                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + strlen("ENV"));
                         if (attr == NULL) {
-                                log_error("error parsing ENV attribute\n");
+                                log_error("error parsing ENV attribute");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid ENV operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
@@ -1220,7 +1246,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(blacklist); i++) {
                                         if (!streq(attr, blacklist[i]))
                                                 continue;
-                                        log_error("invalid ENV attribute, '%s' can not be set %s:%u\n", attr, filename, lineno);
+                                        log_error("invalid ENV attribute, '%s' can not be set %s:%u", attr, filename, lineno);
                                         goto invalid;
                                 }
                                 if (rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_ENV, op, value, attr) != 0)
@@ -1238,13 +1264,17 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                 }
 
                 if (streq(key, "PROGRAM")) {
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid PROGRAM operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_PROGRAM, op, value, NULL);
                         continue;
                 }
 
                 if (streq(key, "RESULT")) {
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid RESULT operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid RESULT operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_RESULT, op, value, NULL);
@@ -1252,11 +1282,15 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                 }
 
                 if (startswith(key, "IMPORT")) {
-                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("IMPORT")-1);
+                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + strlen("IMPORT"));
                         if (attr == NULL) {
-                                log_error("IMPORT{} type missing, ignoring IMPORT %s:%u\n", filename, lineno);
+                                log_error("IMPORT{} type missing, ignoring IMPORT %s:%u", filename, lineno);
                                 continue;
                         }
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid IMPORT operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
                         if (streq(attr, "program")) {
                                 /* find known built-in command */
                                 if (value[0] != '/') {
@@ -1264,7 +1298,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
                                         cmd = udev_builtin_lookup(value);
                                         if (cmd < UDEV_BUILTIN_MAX) {
-                                                log_debug("IMPORT found builtin '%s', replacing %s:%u\n",
+                                                log_debug("IMPORT found builtin '%s', replacing %s:%u",
                                                           value, filename, lineno);
                                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_BUILTIN, op, value, &cmd);
                                                 continue;
@@ -1277,7 +1311,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                                 if (cmd < UDEV_BUILTIN_MAX)
                                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_BUILTIN, op, value, &cmd);
                                 else
-                                        log_error("IMPORT{builtin}: '%s' unknown %s:%u\n", value, filename, lineno);
+                                        log_error("IMPORT{builtin}: '%s' unknown %s:%u", value, filename, lineno);
                         } else if (streq(attr, "file")) {
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_FILE, op, value, NULL);
                         } else if (streq(attr, "db")) {
@@ -1287,7 +1321,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                         } else if (streq(attr, "parent")) {
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT, op, value, NULL);
                         } else
-                                log_error("IMPORT{} unknown type, ignoring IMPORT %s:%u\n", filename, lineno);
+                                log_error("IMPORT{} unknown type, ignoring IMPORT %s:%u", filename, lineno);
                         continue;
                 }
 
@@ -1295,10 +1329,10 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                         mode_t mode = 0;
 
                         if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
-                                log_error("invalid TEST operation\n");
+                                log_error("invalid TEST operation");
                                 goto invalid;
                         }
-                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("TEST")-1);
+                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + strlen("TEST"));
                         if (attr != NULL) {
                                 mode = strtol(attr, NULL, 8);
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_TEST, op, value, &mode);
@@ -1309,9 +1343,13 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                 }
 
                 if (startswith(key, "RUN")) {
-                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("RUN")-1);
+                        attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + strlen("RUN"));
                         if (attr == NULL)
                                 attr = "program";
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid RUN operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
 
                         if (streq(attr, "builtin")) {
                                 enum udev_builtin_cmd cmd = udev_builtin_lookup(value);
@@ -1319,34 +1357,50 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                                 if (cmd < UDEV_BUILTIN_MAX)
                                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_RUN_BUILTIN, op, value, &cmd);
                                 else
-                                        log_error("IMPORT{builtin}: '%s' unknown %s:%u\n", value, filename, lineno);
+                                        log_error("RUN{builtin}: '%s' unknown %s:%u", value, filename, lineno);
                         } else if (streq(attr, "program")) {
                                 enum udev_builtin_cmd cmd = UDEV_BUILTIN_MAX;
 
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_RUN_PROGRAM, op, value, &cmd);
                         } else {
-                                log_error("RUN{} unknown type, ignoring RUN %s:%u\n", filename, lineno);
+                                log_error("RUN{} unknown type, ignoring RUN %s:%u", filename, lineno);
                         }
 
                         continue;
                 }
 
                 if (streq(key, "WAIT_FOR") || streq(key, "WAIT_FOR_SYSFS")) {
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid WAIT_FOR/WAIT_FOR_SYSFS operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_WAITFOR, 0, value, NULL);
                         continue;
                 }
 
                 if (streq(key, "LABEL")) {
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid LABEL operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
                         rule_tmp.rule.rule.label_off = rules_add_string(rules, value);
                         continue;
                 }
 
                 if (streq(key, "GOTO")) {
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid GOTO operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
                         rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GOTO, 0, value, NULL);
                         continue;
                 }
 
                 if (startswith(key, "NAME")) {
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid NAME operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
                         if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_NAME, op, value, NULL);
                         } else {
@@ -1367,6 +1421,10 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                 }
 
                 if (streq(key, "SYMLINK")) {
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid SYMLINK operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
                         if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX)
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DEVLINK, op, value, NULL);
                         else
@@ -1379,6 +1437,11 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                         uid_t uid;
                         char *endptr;
 
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid OWNER operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
+
                         uid = strtoul(value, &endptr, 10);
                         if (endptr[0] == '\0') {
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER_ID, op, NULL, &uid);
@@ -1396,6 +1459,11 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                         gid_t gid;
                         char *endptr;
 
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid GROUP operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
+
                         gid = strtoul(value, &endptr, 10);
                         if (endptr[0] == '\0') {
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP_ID, op, NULL, &gid);
@@ -1413,6 +1481,11 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                         mode_t mode;
                         char *endptr;
 
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid MODE operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
+
                         mode = strtol(value, &endptr, 8);
                         if (endptr[0] == '\0')
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_MODE_ID, op, NULL, &mode);
@@ -1425,6 +1498,11 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                 if (streq(key, "OPTIONS")) {
                         const char *pos;
 
+                        if (op == OP_REMOVE) {
+                                log_error("invalid OPTIONS operation");
+                                goto invalid;
+                        }
+
                         pos = strstr(value, "link_priority=");
                         if (pos != NULL) {
                                 int prio = atoi(&pos[strlen("link_priority=")]);
@@ -1432,13 +1510,6 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                                 rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO, op, NULL, &prio);
                         }
 
-                        pos = strstr(value, "event_timeout=");
-                        if (pos != NULL) {
-                                int tout = atoi(&pos[strlen("event_timeout=")]);
-
-                                rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_EVENT_TIMEOUT, op, NULL, &tout);
-                        }
-
                         pos = strstr(value, "string_escape=");
                         if (pos != NULL) {
                                 pos = &pos[strlen("string_escape=")];
@@ -1475,7 +1546,7 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
                         continue;
                 }
 
-                log_error("unknown key '%s' in %s:%u\n", key, filename, lineno);
+                log_error("unknown key '%s' in %s:%u", key, filename, lineno);
                 goto invalid;
         }
 
@@ -1490,28 +1561,31 @@ static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
 
         return 0;
 invalid:
-        log_error("invalid rule '%s:%u'\n", filename, lineno);
+        log_error("invalid rule '%s:%u'", filename, lineno);
         return -1;
 }
 
-static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename)
-{
-        FILE *f;
+static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
         unsigned int first_token;
         unsigned int filename_off;
         char line[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
         int line_nr = 0;
         unsigned int i;
 
-        if (null_or_empty_path(filename)) {
-                log_debug("skip empty file: %s\n", filename);
-                return 0;
+        f = fopen(filename, "re");
+        if (!f) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT)
+                        return 0;
+                else
+                        return -errno;
         }
-        log_debug("read rules file: %s\n", filename);
 
-        f = fopen(filename, "re");
-        if (f == NULL)
-                return -1;
+        if (null_or_empty_fd(fileno(f))) {
+                log_debug("Skipping empty file: %s", filename);
+                return 0;
+        } else
+                log_debug("Reading rules file: %s", filename);
 
         first_token = rules->token_cur;
         filename_off = rules_add_string(rules, filename);
@@ -1545,12 +1619,11 @@ static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename)
                 }
 
                 if (len+1 >= sizeof(line)) {
-                        log_error("line too long '%s':%u, ignored\n", filename, line_nr);
+                        log_error("line too long '%s':%u, ignored", filename, line_nr);
                         continue;
                 }
                 add_rule(rules, key, filename, filename_off, line_nr);
         }
-        fclose(f);
 
         /* link GOTOs to LABEL rules in this file to be able to fast-forward */
         for (i = first_token+1; i < rules->token_cur; i++) {
@@ -1569,21 +1642,20 @@ static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename)
                                 break;
                         }
                         if (rules->tokens[i].key.rule_goto == 0)
-                                log_error("GOTO '%s' has no matching label in: '%s'\n", label, filename);
+                                log_error("GOTO '%s' has no matching label in: '%s'", label, filename);
                 }
         }
         return 0;
 }
 
-struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
-{
+struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names) {
         struct udev_rules *rules;
         struct udev_list file_list;
         struct token end_token;
         char **files, **f;
         int r;
 
-        rules = calloc(1, sizeof(struct udev_rules));
+        rules = new0(struct udev_rules, 1);
         if (rules == NULL)
                 return NULL;
         rules->udev = udev;
@@ -1600,28 +1672,11 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
         if (!rules->strbuf)
                 return udev_rules_unref(rules);
 
-        rules->dirs = strv_new("/etc/udev/rules.d",
-                               "/run/udev/rules.d",
-                               UDEVLIBEXECDIR "/rules.d",
-                               NULL);
-        if (!rules->dirs) {
-                log_error("failed to build config directory array");
-                return udev_rules_unref(rules);
-        }
-        if (!path_strv_canonicalize(rules->dirs)) {
-                log_error("failed to canonicalize config directories\n");
-                return udev_rules_unref(rules);
-        }
-        strv_uniq(rules->dirs);
-
-        rules->dirs_ts_usec = calloc(strv_length(rules->dirs), sizeof(long long));
-        if(!rules->dirs_ts_usec)
-                return udev_rules_unref(rules);
         udev_rules_check_timestamp(rules);
 
-        r = conf_files_list_strv(&files, ".rules", (const char **)rules->dirs);
+        r = conf_files_list_strv(&files, ".rules", NULL, rules_dirs);
         if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("failed to enumerate rules files: %s\n", strerror(-r));
+                log_error_errno(r, "failed to enumerate rules files: %m");
                 return udev_rules_unref(rules);
         }
 
@@ -1637,14 +1692,14 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
 
         strv_free(files);
 
-        memset(&end_token, 0x00, sizeof(struct token));
+        memzero(&end_token, sizeof(struct token));
         end_token.type = TK_END;
         add_token(rules, &end_token);
-        log_debug("rules contain %zu bytes tokens (%u * %zu bytes), %zu bytes strings\n",
+        log_debug("rules contain %zu bytes tokens (%u * %zu bytes), %zu bytes strings",
                   rules->token_max * sizeof(struct token), rules->token_max, sizeof(struct token), rules->strbuf->len);
 
         /* cleanup temporary strbuf data */
-        log_debug("%zu strings (%zu bytes), %zu de-duplicated (%zu bytes), %zu trie nodes used\n",
+        log_debug("%zu strings (%zu bytes), %zu de-duplicated (%zu bytes), %zu trie nodes used",
                   rules->strbuf->in_count, rules->strbuf->in_len,
                   rules->strbuf->dedup_count, rules->strbuf->dedup_len, rules->strbuf->nodes_count);
         strbuf_complete(rules->strbuf);
@@ -1663,52 +1718,25 @@ struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
         return rules;
 }
 
-struct udev_rules *udev_rules_unref(struct udev_rules *rules)
-{
+struct udev_rules *udev_rules_unref(struct udev_rules *rules) {
         if (rules == NULL)
                 return NULL;
         free(rules->tokens);
         strbuf_cleanup(rules->strbuf);
         free(rules->uids);
         free(rules->gids);
-        strv_free(rules->dirs);
-        free(rules->dirs_ts_usec);
         free(rules);
         return NULL;
 }
 
-bool udev_rules_check_timestamp(struct udev_rules *rules)
-{
-        unsigned int i;
-        bool changed = false;
-
-        if (rules == NULL)
-                goto out;
-
-        for (i = 0; rules->dirs[i]; i++) {
-                struct stat stats;
+bool udev_rules_check_timestamp(struct udev_rules *rules) {
+        if (!rules)
+                return false;
 
-                if (stat(rules->dirs[i], &stats) < 0)
-                        continue;
-
-                if (rules->dirs_ts_usec[i] == timespec_load(&stats.st_mtim))
-                        continue;
-
-                /* first check */
-                if (rules->dirs_ts_usec[i] != 0) {
-                        log_debug("reload - timestamp of '%s' changed\n", rules->dirs[i]);
-                        changed = true;
-                }
-
-                /* update timestamp */
-                rules->dirs_ts_usec[i] = timespec_load(&stats.st_mtim);
-        }
-out:
-        return changed;
+        return paths_check_timestamp(rules_dirs, &rules->dirs_ts_usec, true);
 }
 
-static int match_key(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token, const char *val)
-{
+static int match_key(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token, const char *val) {
         char *key_value = rules_str(rules, token->key.value_off);
         char *pos;
         bool match = false;
@@ -1737,7 +1765,7 @@ static int match_key(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token, const char *
                                 if (next != NULL) {
                                         size_t matchlen = (size_t)(next - s);
 
-                                        match = (matchlen == len && strncmp(s, val, matchlen) == 0);
+                                        match = (matchlen == len && strneq(s, val, matchlen));
                                         if (match)
                                                 break;
                                 } else {
@@ -1752,7 +1780,7 @@ static int match_key(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token, const char *
                 {
                         char value[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
 
-                        util_strscpy(value, sizeof(value), rules_str(rules, token->key.value_off));
+                        strscpy(value, sizeof(value), rules_str(rules, token->key.value_off));
                         key_value = value;
                         while (key_value != NULL) {
                                 pos = strchr(key_value, '|');
@@ -1781,8 +1809,7 @@ static int match_key(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token, const char *
         return -1;
 }
 
-static int match_attr(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_device *dev, struct udev_event *event, struct token *cur)
-{
+static int match_attr(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_device *dev, struct udev_event *event, struct token *cur) {
         const char *name;
         char nbuf[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
         const char *value;
@@ -1819,7 +1846,7 @@ static int match_attr(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_device *dev, struct
                 klen = strlen(key_value);
                 if (klen > 0 && !isspace(key_value[klen-1])) {
                         if (value != vbuf) {
-                                util_strscpy(vbuf, sizeof(vbuf), value);
+                                strscpy(vbuf, sizeof(vbuf), value);
                                 value = vbuf;
                         }
                         while (len > 0 && isspace(vbuf[--len]))
@@ -1836,8 +1863,12 @@ enum escape_type {
         ESCAPE_REPLACE,
 };
 
-int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event, const sigset_t *sigmask)
-{
+int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules,
+                              struct udev_event *event,
+                              usec_t timeout_usec,
+                              usec_t timeout_warn_usec,
+                              struct udev_list *properties_list,
+                              const sigset_t *sigmask) {
         struct token *cur;
         struct token *rule;
         enum escape_type esc = ESCAPE_UNSET;
@@ -1902,7 +1933,18 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         const char *value;
 
                         value = udev_device_get_property_value(event->dev, key_name);
-                        if (value == NULL)
+
+                        /* check global properties */
+                        if (!value && properties_list) {
+                                struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
+
+                                list_entry = udev_list_get_entry(properties_list);
+                                list_entry = udev_list_entry_get_by_name(list_entry, key_name);
+                                if (list_entry != NULL)
+                                        value = udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);
+                        }
+
+                        if (!value)
                                 value = "";
                         if (match_key(rules, cur, value))
                                 goto nomatch;
@@ -2015,8 +2057,8 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                 if (filename[0] != '/') {
                                         char tmp[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
 
-                                        util_strscpy(tmp, sizeof(tmp), filename);
-                                        util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename),
+                                        strscpy(tmp, sizeof(tmp), filename);
+                                        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename),
                                                       udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev), "/", tmp, NULL);
                                 }
                         }
@@ -2031,25 +2073,21 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                 goto nomatch;
                         break;
                 }
-                case TK_M_EVENT_TIMEOUT:
-                        log_debug("OPTIONS event_timeout=%u\n", cur->key.event_timeout);
-                        event->timeout_usec = cur->key.event_timeout * 1000 * 1000;
-                        break;
                 case TK_M_PROGRAM: {
                         char program[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
                         char **envp;
-                        char result[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+                        char result[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
 
                         free(event->program_result);
                         event->program_result = NULL;
                         udev_event_apply_format(event, rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), program, sizeof(program));
                         envp = udev_device_get_properties_envp(event->dev);
-                        log_debug("PROGRAM '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                        log_debug("PROGRAM '%s' %s:%u",
                                   program,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
 
-                        if (udev_event_spawn(event, program, envp, sigmask, result, sizeof(result)) < 0) {
+                        if (udev_event_spawn(event, timeout_usec, timeout_warn_usec, program, envp, sigmask, result, sizeof(result)) < 0) {
                                 if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
                                         goto nomatch;
                         } else {
@@ -2059,7 +2097,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                 if (esc == ESCAPE_UNSET || esc == ESCAPE_REPLACE) {
                                         count = util_replace_chars(result, UDEV_ALLOWED_CHARS_INPUT);
                                         if (count > 0)
-                                                log_debug("%i character(s) replaced\n" , count);
+                                                log_debug("%i character(s) replaced" , count);
                                 }
                                 event->program_result = strdup(result);
                                 if (cur->key.op == OP_NOMATCH)
@@ -2080,12 +2118,12 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         char import[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
 
                         udev_event_apply_format(event, rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), import, sizeof(import));
-                        log_debug("IMPORT '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                        log_debug("IMPORT '%s' %s:%u",
                                   import,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
 
-                        if (import_program_into_properties(event, import, sigmask) != 0)
+                        if (import_program_into_properties(event, timeout_usec, timeout_warn_usec, import, sigmask) != 0)
                                 if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
                                         goto nomatch;
                         break;
@@ -2096,7 +2134,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         if (udev_builtin_run_once(cur->key.builtin_cmd)) {
                                 /* check if we ran already */
                                 if (event->builtin_run & (1 << cur->key.builtin_cmd)) {
-                                        log_debug("IMPORT builtin skip '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                                        log_debug("IMPORT builtin skip '%s' %s:%u",
                                                   udev_builtin_name(cur->key.builtin_cmd),
                                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
@@ -2111,14 +2149,14 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         }
 
                         udev_event_apply_format(event, rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), command, sizeof(command));
-                        log_debug("IMPORT builtin '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                        log_debug("IMPORT builtin '%s' %s:%u",
                                   udev_builtin_name(cur->key.builtin_cmd),
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
 
                         if (udev_builtin_run(event->dev, cur->key.builtin_cmd, command, false) != 0) {
                                 /* remember failure */
-                                log_debug("IMPORT builtin '%s' returned non-zero\n",
+                                log_debug("IMPORT builtin '%s' returned non-zero",
                                           udev_builtin_name(cur->key.builtin_cmd));
                                 event->builtin_ret |= (1 << cur->key.builtin_cmd);
                                 if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
@@ -2131,12 +2169,9 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         const char *value;
 
                         value = udev_device_get_property_value(event->dev_db, key);
-                        if (value != NULL) {
-                                struct udev_list_entry *entry;
-
-                                entry = udev_device_add_property(event->dev, key, value);
-                                udev_list_entry_set_num(entry, true);
-                        } else {
+                        if (value != NULL)
+                                udev_device_add_property(event->dev, key, value);
+                        else {
                                 if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
                                         goto nomatch;
                         }
@@ -2156,13 +2191,10 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 
                                         pos = strstr(cmdline, key);
                                         if (pos != NULL) {
-                                                struct udev_list_entry *entry;
-
                                                 pos += strlen(key);
                                                 if (pos[0] == '\0' || isspace(pos[0])) {
                                                         /* we import simple flags as 'FLAG=1' */
-                                                        entry = udev_device_add_property(event->dev, key, "1");
-                                                        udev_list_entry_set_num(entry, true);
+                                                        udev_device_add_property(event->dev, key, "1");
                                                         imported = true;
                                                 } else if (pos[0] == '=') {
                                                         const char *value;
@@ -2172,8 +2204,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                                         while (pos[0] != '\0' && !isspace(pos[0]))
                                                                 pos++;
                                                         pos[0] = '\0';
-                                                        entry = udev_device_add_property(event->dev, key, value);
-                                                        udev_list_entry_set_num(entry, true);
+                                                        udev_device_add_property(event->dev, key, value);
                                                         imported = true;
                                                 }
                                         }
@@ -2218,6 +2249,8 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         break;
                 case TK_A_OWNER: {
                         char owner[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
+                        const char *ow = owner;
+                        int r;
 
                         if (event->owner_final)
                                 break;
@@ -2225,8 +2258,16 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                 event->owner_final = true;
                         udev_event_apply_format(event, rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), owner, sizeof(owner));
                         event->owner_set = true;
-                        event->uid = util_lookup_user(event->udev, owner);
-                        log_debug("OWNER %u %s:%u\n",
+                        r = get_user_creds(&ow, &event->uid, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (r == -ENOENT || r == -ESRCH)
+                                        log_error("specified user '%s' unknown", owner);
+                                else
+                                        log_error_errno(r, "error resolving user '%s': %m", owner);
+
+                                event->uid = 0;
+                        }
+                        log_debug("OWNER %u %s:%u",
                                   event->uid,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
@@ -2234,6 +2275,8 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                 }
                 case TK_A_GROUP: {
                         char group[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
+                        const char *gr = group;
+                        int r;
 
                         if (event->group_final)
                                 break;
@@ -2241,8 +2284,16 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                 event->group_final = true;
                         udev_event_apply_format(event, rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), group, sizeof(group));
                         event->group_set = true;
-                        event->gid = util_lookup_group(event->udev, group);
-                        log_debug("GROUP %u %s:%u\n",
+                        r = get_group_creds(&gr, &event->gid);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (r == -ENOENT || r == -ESRCH)
+                                        log_error("specified group '%s' unknown", group);
+                                else
+                                        log_error_errno(r, "error resolving group '%s': %m", group);
+
+                                event->gid = 0;
+                        }
+                        log_debug("GROUP %u %s:%u",
                                   event->gid,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
@@ -2258,14 +2309,14 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         udev_event_apply_format(event, rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), mode_str, sizeof(mode_str));
                         mode = strtol(mode_str, &endptr, 8);
                         if (endptr[0] != '\0') {
-                                log_error("ignoring invalid mode '%s'\n", mode_str);
+                                log_error("ignoring invalid mode '%s'", mode_str);
                                 break;
                         }
                         if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                 event->mode_final = true;
                         event->mode_set = true;
                         event->mode = mode;
-                        log_debug("MODE %#o %s:%u\n",
+                        log_debug("MODE %#o %s:%u",
                                   event->mode,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
@@ -2278,7 +2329,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                 event->owner_final = true;
                         event->owner_set = true;
                         event->uid = cur->key.uid;
-                        log_debug("OWNER %u %s:%u\n",
+                        log_debug("OWNER %u %s:%u",
                                   event->uid,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
@@ -2290,7 +2341,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                 event->group_final = true;
                         event->group_set = true;
                         event->gid = cur->key.gid;
-                        log_debug("GROUP %u %s:%u\n",
+                        log_debug("GROUP %u %s:%u",
                                   event->gid,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
@@ -2302,17 +2353,30 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                 event->mode_final = true;
                         event->mode_set = true;
                         event->mode = cur->key.mode;
-                        log_debug("MODE %#o %s:%u\n",
+                        log_debug("MODE %#o %s:%u",
                                   event->mode,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
                         break;
+                case TK_A_SECLABEL: {
+                        const char *name, *label;
+
+                        name = rules_str(rules, cur->key.attr_off);
+                        label = rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off);
+                        if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN || cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
+                                udev_list_cleanup(&event->seclabel_list);
+                        udev_list_entry_add(&event->seclabel_list, name, label);
+                        log_debug("SECLABEL{%s}='%s' %s:%u",
+                                  name, label,
+                                  rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
+                                  rule->rule.filename_line);
+                        break;
+                }
                 case TK_A_ENV: {
                         const char *name = rules_str(rules, cur->key.attr_off);
                         char *value = rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off);
                         char value_new[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
                         const char *value_old = NULL;
-                        struct udev_list_entry *entry;
 
                         if (value[0] == '\0') {
                                 if (cur->key.op == OP_ADD)
@@ -2328,14 +2392,11 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 
                                 /* append value separated by space */
                                 udev_event_apply_format(event, value, temp, sizeof(temp));
-                                util_strscpyl(value_new, sizeof(value_new), value_old, " ", temp, NULL);
+                                strscpyl(value_new, sizeof(value_new), value_old, " ", temp, NULL);
                         } else
                                 udev_event_apply_format(event, value, value_new, sizeof(value_new));
 
-                        entry = udev_device_add_property(event->dev, name, value_new);
-                        /* store in db, skip private keys */
-                        if (name[0] != '.')
-                                udev_list_entry_set_num(entry, true);
+                        udev_device_add_property(event->dev, name, value_new);
                         break;
                 }
                 case TK_A_TAG: {
@@ -2351,10 +2412,13 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                     (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
                                     *p == '-' || *p == '_')
                                         continue;
-                                log_error("ignoring invalid tag name '%s'\n", tag);
+                                log_error("ignoring invalid tag name '%s'", tag);
                                 break;
                         }
-                        udev_device_add_tag(event->dev, tag);
+                        if (cur->key.op == OP_REMOVE)
+                                udev_device_remove_tag(event->dev, tag);
+                        else
+                                udev_device_add_tag(event->dev, tag);
                         break;
                 }
                 case TK_A_NAME: {
@@ -2371,7 +2435,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         if (esc == ESCAPE_UNSET || esc == ESCAPE_REPLACE) {
                                 count = util_replace_chars(name_str, "/");
                                 if (count > 0)
-                                        log_debug("%i character(s) replaced\n", count);
+                                        log_debug("%i character(s) replaced", count);
                         }
                         if (major(udev_device_get_devnum(event->dev)) &&
                             (!streq(name_str, udev_device_get_devnode(event->dev) + strlen("/dev/")))) {
@@ -2382,7 +2446,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         }
                         free(event->name);
                         event->name = strdup(name_str);
-                        log_debug("NAME '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                        log_debug("NAME '%s' %s:%u",
                                   event->name,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
@@ -2410,16 +2474,16 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         else if (esc == ESCAPE_REPLACE)
                                 count = util_replace_chars(temp, "/");
                         if (count > 0)
-                                log_debug("%i character(s) replaced\n" , count);
+                                log_debug("%i character(s) replaced" , count);
                         pos = temp;
                         while (isspace(pos[0]))
                                 pos++;
                         next = strchr(pos, ' ');
                         while (next != NULL) {
                                 next[0] = '\0';
-                                log_debug("LINK '%s' %s:%u\n", pos,
+                                log_debug("LINK '%s' %s:%u", pos,
                                           rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off), rule->rule.filename_line);
-                                util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/", pos, NULL);
+                                strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/", pos, NULL);
                                 udev_device_add_devlink(event->dev, filename);
                                 while (isspace(next[1]))
                                         next++;
@@ -2427,9 +2491,9 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                                 next = strchr(pos, ' ');
                         }
                         if (pos[0] != '\0') {
-                                log_debug("LINK '%s' %s:%u\n", pos,
+                                log_debug("LINK '%s' %s:%u", pos,
                                           rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off), rule->rule.filename_line);
-                                util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/", pos, NULL);
+                                strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/", pos, NULL);
                                 udev_device_add_devlink(event->dev, filename);
                         }
                         break;
@@ -2441,20 +2505,20 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                         FILE *f;
 
                         if (util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, key_name, attr, sizeof(attr), 0) != 0)
-                                util_strscpyl(attr, sizeof(attr), udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev), "/", key_name, NULL);
+                                strscpyl(attr, sizeof(attr), udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev), "/", key_name, NULL);
                         attr_subst_subdir(attr, sizeof(attr));
 
                         udev_event_apply_format(event, rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), value, sizeof(value));
-                        log_debug("ATTR '%s' writing '%s' %s:%u\n", attr, value,
+                        log_debug("ATTR '%s' writing '%s' %s:%u", attr, value,
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
                         f = fopen(attr, "we");
                         if (f != NULL) {
                                 if (fprintf(f, "%s", value) <= 0)
-                                        log_error("error writing ATTR{%s}: %m\n", attr);
+                                        log_error_errno(errno, "error writing ATTR{%s}: %m", attr);
                                 fclose(f);
                         } else {
-                                log_error("error opening ATTR{%s} for writing: %m\n", attr);
+                                log_error_errno(errno, "error opening ATTR{%s} for writing: %m", attr);
                         }
                         break;
                 }
@@ -2464,7 +2528,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
 
                         if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN || cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
                                 udev_list_cleanup(&event->run_list);
-                        log_debug("RUN '%s' %s:%u\n",
+                        log_debug("RUN '%s' %s:%u",
                                   rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off),
                                   rules_str(rules, rule->rule.filename_off),
                                   rule->rule.filename_line);
@@ -2484,7 +2548,7 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
                 case TK_M_PARENTS_MAX:
                 case TK_M_MAX:
                 case TK_UNSET:
-                        log_error("wrong type %u\n", cur->type);
+                        log_error("wrong type %u", cur->type);
                         goto nomatch;
                 }
 
@@ -2496,16 +2560,20 @@ int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event
         }
 }
 
-void udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms(struct udev_rules *rules)
-{
+int udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms(struct udev_rules *rules) {
         struct token *cur;
         struct token *rule;
         uid_t uid = 0;
         gid_t gid = 0;
         mode_t mode = 0;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **tags = NULL;
+        char **t;
+        FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        int r = 0;
 
         if (rules->tokens == NULL)
-                return;
+                return 0;
 
         cur = &rules->tokens[0];
         rule = cur;
@@ -2522,6 +2590,8 @@ void udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms(struct udev_rules *rules)
                         uid = 0;
                         gid = 0;
                         mode = 0;
+                        strv_free(tags);
+                        tags = NULL;
                         break;
                 case TK_A_OWNER_ID:
                         uid = cur->key.uid;
@@ -2531,19 +2601,56 @@ void udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms(struct udev_rules *rules)
                         break;
                 case TK_A_MODE_ID:
                         mode = cur->key.mode;
+                        break;
+                case TK_A_TAG:
+                        r = strv_extend(&tags, rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                goto finish;
+
                         break;
                 case TK_A_STATIC_NODE: {
-                        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+                        char device_node[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+                        char tags_dir[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+                        char tag_symlink[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
                         struct stat stats;
 
                         /* we assure, that the permissions tokens are sorted before the static token */
-                        if (mode == 0 && uid == 0 && gid == 0)
-                                goto next;
-                        util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/", rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), NULL);
-                        if (stat(filename, &stats) != 0)
+
+                        if (mode == 0 && uid == 0 && gid == 0 && tags == NULL)
                                 goto next;
+
+                        strscpyl(device_node, sizeof(device_node), "/dev/", rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), NULL);
+                        if (stat(device_node, &stats) != 0)
+                                break;
                         if (!S_ISBLK(stats.st_mode) && !S_ISCHR(stats.st_mode))
-                                goto next;
+                                break;
+
+                        /* export the tags to a directory as symlinks, allowing otherwise dead nodes to be tagged */
+                        if (tags) {
+                                STRV_FOREACH(t, tags) {
+                                        _cleanup_free_ char *unescaped_filename = NULL;
+
+                                        strscpyl(tags_dir, sizeof(tags_dir), "/run/udev/static_node-tags/", *t, "/", NULL);
+                                        r = mkdir_p(tags_dir, 0755);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return log_error_errno(r, "failed to create %s: %m", tags_dir);
+
+                                        unescaped_filename = xescape(rules_str(rules, cur->key.value_off), "/.");
+
+                                        strscpyl(tag_symlink, sizeof(tag_symlink), tags_dir, unescaped_filename, NULL);
+                                        r = symlink(device_node, tag_symlink);
+                                        if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+                                                return log_error_errno(errno, "failed to create symlink %s -> %s: %m",
+                                                                       tag_symlink, device_node);
+                                        else
+                                                r = 0;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        /* don't touch the permissions if only the tags were set */
+                        if (mode == 0 && uid == 0 && gid == 0)
+                                break;
+
                         if (mode == 0) {
                                 if (gid > 0)
                                         mode = 0660;
@@ -2551,20 +2658,28 @@ void udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms(struct udev_rules *rules)
                                         mode = 0600;
                         }
                         if (mode != (stats.st_mode & 01777)) {
-                                chmod(filename, mode);
-                                log_debug("chmod '%s' %#o\n", filename, mode);
+                                r = chmod(device_node, mode);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_error("failed to chmod '%s' %#o", device_node, mode);
+                                        return -errno;
+                                } else
+                                        log_debug("chmod '%s' %#o", device_node, mode);
                         }
 
                         if ((uid != 0 && uid != stats.st_uid) || (gid != 0 && gid != stats.st_gid)) {
-                                chown(filename, uid, gid);
-                                log_debug("chown '%s' %u %u\n", filename, uid, gid);
+                                r = chown(device_node, uid, gid);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_error("failed to chown '%s' %u %u ", device_node, uid, gid);
+                                        return -errno;
+                                } else
+                                        log_debug("chown '%s' %u %u", device_node, uid, gid);
                         }
 
-                        utimensat(AT_FDCWD, filename, NULL, 0);
+                        utimensat(AT_FDCWD, device_node, NULL, 0);
                         break;
                 }
                 case TK_END:
-                        return;
+                        goto finish;
                 }
 
                 cur++;
@@ -2574,4 +2689,18 @@ next:
                 cur = rule + rule->rule.token_count;
                 continue;
         }
+
+finish:
+        if (f) {
+                fflush(f);
+                fchmod(fileno(f), 0644);
+                if (ferror(f) || rename(path, "/run/udev/static_node-tags") < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+                        unlink("/run/udev/static_node-tags");
+                        unlink(path);
+                }
+                fclose(f);
+        }
+
+        return r;
 }