chiark / gitweb /
logind: support for hybrid sleep (i.e. suspend+hibernate at the same time)
[elogind.git] / src / systemctl / systemctl.c
index 28bdfa96a4e06d9b9c393e7b3357dd96b28f79e8..b9e64a677d411176efdd634d82607f8bc4ba4e68 100644 (file)
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
 #include "special.h"
 #include "initreq.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "dbus-common.h"
 #include "cgroup-show.h"
 #include "spawn-polkit-agent.h"
 #include "install.h"
 #include "logs-show.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
 
 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
+static const char *arg_load_state = NULL;
 static char **arg_property = NULL;
 static bool arg_all = false;
 static const char *arg_job_mode = "replace";
 static UnitFileScope arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
-static bool arg_immediate = false;
 static bool arg_no_block = false;
 static bool arg_no_legend = false;
 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
-static bool arg_no_sync = false;
 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
 static bool arg_no_reload = false;
 static bool arg_dry = false;
@@ -84,7 +86,6 @@ static bool arg_failed = false;
 static bool arg_runtime = false;
 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
 static const char *arg_kill_who = NULL;
-static const char *arg_kill_mode = NULL;
 static int arg_signal = SIGTERM;
 static const char *arg_root = NULL;
 static usec_t arg_when = 0;
@@ -96,6 +97,9 @@ static enum action {
         ACTION_REBOOT,
         ACTION_KEXEC,
         ACTION_EXIT,
+        ACTION_SUSPEND,
+        ACTION_HIBERNATE,
+        ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP,
         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
@@ -120,7 +124,6 @@ static enum transport {
         TRANSPORT_POLKIT
 } arg_transport = TRANSPORT_NORMAL;
 static const char *arg_host = NULL;
-static bool arg_follow = false;
 static unsigned arg_lines = 10;
 static OutputMode arg_output = OUTPUT_SHORT;
 
@@ -129,26 +132,8 @@ static bool private_bus = false;
 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args);
 static void halt_now(enum action a);
 
-static bool on_tty(void) {
-        static int t = -1;
-
-        /* Note that this is invoked relatively early, before we start
-         * the pager. That means the value we return reflects whether
-         * we originally were started on a tty, not if we currently
-         * are. But this is intended, since we want colour and so on
-         * when run in our own pager. */
-
-        if (_unlikely_(t < 0))
-                t = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
-
-        return t;
-}
-
 static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
 
-        /* Cache result before we open the pager */
-        on_tty();
-
         if (arg_no_pager)
                 return;
 
@@ -168,6 +153,7 @@ static void ask_password_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
         ask_password_agent_open();
 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
 static void polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
 
         /* Open the polkit agent as a child process if necessary */
@@ -180,36 +166,30 @@ static void polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
 
         polkit_agent_open();
 }
+#endif
 
-static const char *ansi_highlight_red(bool b) {
+static const char *ansi_highlight(bool b) {
 
         if (!on_tty())
                 return "";
 
-        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
+        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 }
 
-static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
+static const char *ansi_highlight_red(bool b) {
 
         if (!on_tty())
                 return "";
 
-        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
+        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 }
 
-static bool error_is_no_service(const DBusError *error) {
-        assert(error);
-
-        if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
-                return false;
-
-        if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
-                return true;
+static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
 
-        if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
-                return true;
+        if (!on_tty())
+                return "";
 
-        return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
+        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 }
 
 static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
@@ -242,12 +222,13 @@ static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
 
 static void warn_wall(enum action a) {
         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
-                [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
-                [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
-                [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
-                [ACTION_KEXEC]     = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
-                [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
-                [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
+                [ACTION_HALT]            = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
+                [ACTION_REBOOT]          = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
+                [ACTION_POWEROFF]        = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
+                [ACTION_KEXEC]           = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
+                [ACTION_RESCUE]          = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
+                [ACTION_EMERGENCY]       = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!",
+                [ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN] = "The system shutdown has been cancelled NOW!"
         };
 
         if (arg_no_wall)
@@ -332,7 +313,9 @@ static bool output_show_unit(const struct unit_info *u) {
 
         return (!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(u->id, '.')) &&
                               streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
-                (arg_all || !(streq(u->active_state, "inactive") || u->following[0]) || u->job_id > 0);
+                (!arg_load_state || streq(u->load_state, arg_load_state)) &&
+                (arg_all || !(streq(u->active_state, "inactive")
+                              || u->following[0]) || u->job_id > 0);
 }
 
 static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
@@ -379,15 +362,6 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
         } else
                 id_len = max_id_len;
 
-        if (!arg_no_legend) {
-                printf("%-*s %-6s %-*s %-*s %-*s ", id_len, "UNIT", "LOAD",
-                       active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB", job_len, "JOB");
-                if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
-                        printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, "DESCRIPTION");
-                else
-                        printf("%s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
-        }
-
         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
                 char *e;
                 const char *on_loaded, *off_loaded;
@@ -396,6 +370,15 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
                 if (!output_show_unit(u))
                         continue;
 
+                if (!n_shown && !arg_no_legend) {
+                        printf("%-*s %-6s %-*s %-*s %-*s ", id_len, "UNIT", "LOAD",
+                               active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB", job_len, "JOB");
+                        if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
+                                printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, "DESCRIPTION");
+                        else
+                                printf("%s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
+                }
+
                 n_shown++;
 
                 if (streq(u->load_state, "error")) {
@@ -427,46 +410,51 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
         }
 
         if (!arg_no_legend) {
-                printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
-                       "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
-                       "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n"
-                       "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n");
+                const char *on, *off;
+
+                if (n_shown) {
+                        printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
+                               "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
+                               "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n"
+                               "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n\n");
+                        on = ansi_highlight(true);
+                        off = ansi_highlight(false);
+                } else {
+                        on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
+                        off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
+                }
 
                 if (arg_all)
-                        printf("\n%u units listed.\n", n_shown);
+                        printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s\n"
+                               "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
+                               on, n_shown, off);
                 else
-                        printf("\n%u units listed. Pass --all to see inactive units, too.\n", n_shown);
+                        printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.\n"
+                               "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
+                               on, n_shown, off);
         }
 }
 
 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
         struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
-
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "ListUnits"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListUnits",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -530,19 +518,12 @@ static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 output_units_list(unit_infos, c);
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
         free(unit_infos);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -561,7 +542,7 @@ static int compare_unit_file_list(const void *a, const void *b) {
                         return r;
         }
 
-        return strcasecmp(file_name_from_path(u->path), file_name_from_path(v->path));
+        return strcasecmp(path_get_file_name(u->path), path_get_file_name(v->path));
 }
 
 static bool output_show_unit_file(const UnitFileList *u) {
@@ -580,7 +561,7 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
                 if (!output_show_unit_file(u))
                         continue;
 
-                max_id_len = MAX(max_id_len, strlen(file_name_from_path(u->path)));
+                max_id_len = MAX(max_id_len, strlen(path_get_file_name(u->path)));
                 state_cols = MAX(state_cols, strlen(unit_file_state_to_string(u->state)));
         }
 
@@ -608,7 +589,8 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
 
                 if (u->state == UNIT_FILE_MASKED ||
                     u->state == UNIT_FILE_MASKED_RUNTIME ||
-                    u->state == UNIT_FILE_DISABLED) {
+                    u->state == UNIT_FILE_DISABLED ||
+                    u->state == UNIT_FILE_INVALID) {
                         on  = ansi_highlight_red(true);
                         off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
                 } else if (u->state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED) {
@@ -617,7 +599,7 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
                 } else
                         on = off = "";
 
-                id = file_name_from_path(u->path);
+                id = path_get_file_name(u->path);
 
                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(id, id_cols, 33);
 
@@ -633,15 +615,12 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
 }
 
 static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
         UnitFileList *units = NULL;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
         if (avoid_bus()) {
@@ -650,10 +629,8 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 Iterator i;
 
                 h = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
-                if (!h) {
-                        log_error("Out of memory");
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-                }
+                if (!h)
+                        return log_oom();
 
                 r = unit_file_get_list(arg_scope, arg_root, h);
                 if (r < 0) {
@@ -666,8 +643,7 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 units = new(UnitFileList, n_units);
                 if (!units) {
                         unit_file_list_free(h);
-                        log_error("Out of memory");
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        return log_oom();
                 }
 
                 HASHMAP_FOREACH(u, h, i) {
@@ -677,24 +653,17 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
                 hashmap_free(h);
         } else {
-                assert(bus);
-
-                m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                "ListUnitFiles");
-                if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-                }
-
-                reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                if (!reply) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
+                                "ListUnitFiles",
+                                &reply,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r)
                         goto finish;
-                }
 
                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -757,16 +726,11 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
         free(units);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -776,7 +740,7 @@ static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter
                 "RequiresOverridable",   "[color=\"black\"]",
                 "Requisite",             "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
                 "RequisiteOverridable",  "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
-                "Wants",                 "[color=\"darkgrey\"]",
+                "Wants",                 "[color=\"grey66\"]",
                 "Conflicts",             "[color=\"red\"]",
                 "ConflictedBy",          "[color=\"red\"]",
                 "After",                 "[color=\"green\"]"
@@ -829,40 +793,25 @@ static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter
 }
 
 static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit";
         int r;
-        DBusError error;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(path);
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "GetAll"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "GetAll",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -908,44 +857,29 @@ static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
-
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "ListUnits"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListUnits",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -1003,44 +937,31 @@ static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         unsigned k = 0;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
-
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "ListJobs"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListJobs",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -1094,81 +1015,44 @@ static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
-        char **name;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        int r = 0;
+        char **name, *n;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                DBusMessage *reply;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "LoadUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "LoadUnit",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                free(n);
+                if (r)
                         goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-                m = reply = NULL;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        int r = 0;
         char **name;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
         if (strv_length(args) <= 1)
@@ -1178,105 +1062,79 @@ static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 unsigned id;
                 const char *path;
 
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "GetJob"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if ((r = safe_atou(*name, &id)) < 0) {
+                r = safe_atou(*name, &id);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
                         goto finish;
                 }
-
                 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
 
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "GetJob",
+                                &reply,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r)
                         goto finish;
-                }
 
-                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
+                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                        log_error("Failed to parse reply");
+                        dbus_message_unref(reply);
                         r = -EIO;
                         goto finish;
                 }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      path,
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
-                                      "Cancel"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
 
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                path,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
+                                "Cancel",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r)
+                        goto finish;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         dbus_bool_t b = FALSE;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
         const char
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                 *property = "NeedDaemonReload",
                 *path;
+        char *n;
+        int r;
 
         /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a warning only */
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "GetUnit")))
-                goto finish;
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
-                goto finish;
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
+        n = unit_name_mangle(unit);
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnit",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? (const char**) &n : &unit,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        free(n);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
@@ -1284,23 +1142,19 @@ static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
                 goto finish;
 
-        dbus_message_unref(m);
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "Get")))
-                goto finish;
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
         dbus_message_unref(reply);
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
@@ -1315,9 +1169,6 @@ static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &b);
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
@@ -1326,6 +1177,8 @@ finish:
 
 typedef struct WaitData {
         Set *set;
+
+        char *name;
         char *result;
 } WaitData;
 
@@ -1350,40 +1203,63 @@ static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *me
 
         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
                 uint32_t id;
-                const char *path, *result;
+                const char *path, *result, *unit;
                 dbus_bool_t success = true;
 
                 if (dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
+                                          DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &result,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                         char *p;
 
-                        if ((p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path)))
-                                free(p);
+                        p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
+                        free(p);
 
-                        if (*result)
+                        if (!isempty(result))
                                 d->result = strdup(result);
 
+                        if (!isempty(unit))
+                                d->name = strdup(unit);
+
                         goto finish;
                 }
 #ifndef LEGACY
                 dbus_error_free(&error);
-
                 if (dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                          DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
+                                          DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &result,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                         char *p;
 
                         /* Compatibility with older systemd versions <
-                         * 19 during upgrades. This should be dropped
+                         * 183 during upgrades. This should be dropped
+                         * one day. */
+                        p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
+                        free(p);
+
+                        if (*result)
+                                d->result = strdup(result);
+
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                dbus_error_free(&error);
+                if (dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
+                                          DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
+                                          DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
+                                          DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
+                                          DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+                        char *p;
+
+                        /* Compatibility with older systemd versions <
+                         * 19 during upgrades. This should be dropped
                          * one day */
 
-                        if ((p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path)))
-                                free(p);
+                        p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
+                        free(p);
 
                         if (!success)
                                 d->result = strdup("failed");
@@ -1428,7 +1304,7 @@ static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
 }
 
 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
-        int r;
+        int r = 0;
         WaitData d;
 
         assert(bus);
@@ -1437,44 +1313,209 @@ static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
         zero(d);
         d.set = s;
 
-        if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
-                log_error("Failed to add filter.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
+        if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL))
+                return log_oom();
+
+        while (!set_isempty(s)) {
+
+                if (!dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1)) {
+                        log_error("Disconnected from bus.");
+                        return -ECONNREFUSED;
+                }
+
+                if (!d.result)
+                        goto free_name;
+
+                if (!arg_quiet) {
+                        if (streq(d.result, "timeout"))
+                                log_error("Job for %s timed out.", strna(d.name));
+                        else if (streq(d.result, "canceled"))
+                                log_error("Job for %s canceled.", strna(d.name));
+                        else if (streq(d.result, "dependency"))
+                                log_error("A dependency job for %s failed. See 'journalctl -n' for details.", strna(d.name));
+                        else if (!streq(d.result, "done") && !streq(d.result, "skipped"))
+                                log_error("Job for %s failed. See 'systemctl status %s' and 'journalctl -n' for details.", strna(d.name), strna(d.name));
+                }
+
+                if (streq_ptr(d.result, "timeout"))
+                        r = -ETIME;
+                else if (streq_ptr(d.result, "canceled"))
+                        r = -ECANCELED;
+                else if (!streq_ptr(d.result, "done") && !streq_ptr(d.result, "skipped"))
+                        r = -EIO;
+
+                free(d.result);
+                d.result = NULL;
+
+        free_name:
+                free(d.name);
+                d.name = NULL;
+        }
+
+        dbus_connection_remove_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int check_one_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char *name, bool quiet) {
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
+        const char
+                *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                *property = "ActiveState";
+        const char *path = NULL;
+        const char *state;
+        int r;
+        char *n;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        n = unit_name_mangle(name);
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnit",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : &name,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        free(n);
+        if (r) {
+                if ((r != -ENOMEM) && (!quiet))
+                        puts("unknown");
                 goto finish;
         }
 
-        while (!set_isempty(s) &&
-               dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
-                ;
+        if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
+                                   DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
+                                   DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                r = -EIO;
+                goto finish;
+        }
 
-        if (!arg_quiet && d.result) {
-                if (streq(d.result, "timeout"))
-                        log_error("Job timed out.");
-                else if (streq(d.result, "canceled"))
-                        log_error("Job canceled.");
-                else if (streq(d.result, "dependency"))
-                        log_error("A dependency job failed. See system journal for details.");
-                else if (!streq(d.result, "done") && !streq(d.result, "skipped"))
-                        log_error("Job failed. See system journal and 'systemctl status' for details.");
+        dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
+                goto finish;
+
+        if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
+            dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                r = -EIO;
+                goto finish;
         }
 
-        if (streq_ptr(d.result, "timeout"))
-                r = -ETIME;
-        else if (streq_ptr(d.result, "canceled"))
-                r = -ECANCELED;
-        else if (!streq_ptr(d.result, "done") && !streq_ptr(d.result, "skipped"))
+        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
+
+        if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
                 r = -EIO;
-        else
-                r = 0;
+                goto finish;
+        }
 
-        free(d.result);
+        dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
+
+        if (!quiet)
+                puts(state);
+
+        if (streq(state, "active") || streq(state, "reloading"))
+                r = 0;
+        else
+                r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
 
 finish:
-        /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
+        if (reply)
+                dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
         return r;
 }
 
+static void check_triggering_units(
+                DBusConnection *bus,
+                const char *unit_name) {
+
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
+        char *service_trigger = NULL;
+        const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                   *triggered_by_property = "TriggeredBy";
+
+        char _cleanup_free_ *unit_path = NULL, *n = NULL;
+        bool print_warning_label = true;
+        int r;
+
+        n = unit_name_mangle(unit_name);
+        if (!n) {
+                log_oom();
+                return;
+        }
+
+        unit_path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n);
+        if (!unit_path) {
+                log_oom();
+                return;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        unit_path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &triggered_by_property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
+                return;
+
+        if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
+            dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return;
+        }
+
+        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
+        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &iter);
+        sub = iter;
+
+        while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
+
+                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                        return;
+                }
+
+                dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &service_trigger);
+
+                r = check_one_unit(bus, service_trigger, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return;
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        if (print_warning_label) {
+                                log_warning("Warning: Stopping %s, but it can still be activated by:", unit_name);
+                                print_warning_label = false;
+                        }
+                        log_warning("  %s", service_trigger);
+                }
+
+                dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
+        }
+}
+
 static int start_unit_one(
                 DBusConnection *bus,
                 const char *method,
@@ -1483,88 +1524,68 @@ static int start_unit_one(
                 DBusError *error,
                 Set *s) {
 
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         const char *path;
         int r;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n, *p = NULL;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(method);
         assert(name);
         assert(mode);
         assert(error);
-        assert(arg_no_block || s);
-
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              method))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, error))) {
-
-                if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(error)) {
+        n = unit_name_mangle(name);
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        &reply,
+                        error,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r) {
+                if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
                          * legacy actions. */
                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                else
+                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
 
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return r;
         }
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
-        if (need_daemon_reload(bus, name))
-                log_warning("Warning: Unit file of created job changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
-                            arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user");
+        if (need_daemon_reload(bus, n))
+                log_warning("Warning: Unit file of %s changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
+                            n, arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user");
 
-        if (!arg_no_block) {
-                char *p;
-
-                if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        if (s) {
+                p = strdup(path);
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_oom();
 
-                if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
-                        free(p);
+                r = set_put(s, p);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
-                        goto finish;
+                        return r;
                 }
-        }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+                p = NULL;
+        }
 
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
@@ -1584,6 +1605,12 @@ static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
                 return ACTION_DEFAULT;
         else if (streq(verb, "exit"))
                 return ACTION_EXIT;
+        else if (streq(verb, "suspend"))
+                return ACTION_SUSPEND;
+        else if (streq(verb, "hibernate"))
+                return ACTION_HIBERNATE;
+        else if (streq(verb, "hybrid-sleep"))
+                return ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP;
         else
                 return ACTION_INVALID;
 }
@@ -1602,7 +1629,10 @@ static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_EXIT] = SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET
+                [ACTION_EXIT] = SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET,
+                [ACTION_SUSPEND] = SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET,
+                [ACTION_HIBERNATE] = SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET,
+                [ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP] = SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET
         };
 
         int r, ret = 0;
@@ -1659,39 +1689,53 @@ static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         }
 
         if (!arg_no_block) {
-                if ((ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
+                ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus);
+                if (ret < 0) {
                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-ret));
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
-                if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
-                        ret = -ENOMEM;
+                s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
+                if (!s) {
+                        ret = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
         }
 
         if (one_name) {
-                if ((ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s)) <= 0)
-                        goto finish;
+                ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s);
+                if (ret < 0)
+                        ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(ret, &error);
         } else {
-                STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
-                        if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, s)) != 0) {
+                STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
+                        r = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, s);
+                        if (r < 0) {
                                 ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(r, &error);
                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
                         }
+                }
         }
 
-        if (!arg_no_block)
-                if ((r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s)) < 0) {
+        if (!arg_no_block) {
+                r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         ret = r;
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
-finish:
-        if (s)
-                set_free_free(s);
+                /* When stopping units, warn if they can still be triggered by
+                 * another active unit (socket, path, timer) */
+                if (!arg_quiet && streq(method, "StopUnit")) {
+                        if (one_name)
+                                check_triggering_units(bus, one_name);
+                        else
+                                STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
+                                        check_triggering_units(bus, *name);
+                }
+        }
 
+finish:
+        set_free_free(s);
         dbus_error_free(&error);
 
         return ret;
@@ -1702,12 +1746,7 @@ finish:
 static int reboot_with_logind(DBusConnection *bus, enum action a) {
 #ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
         const char *method;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
         dbus_bool_t interactive = true;
-        int r;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
 
         polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
 
@@ -1721,60 +1760,32 @@ static int reboot_with_logind(DBusConnection *bus, enum action a) {
                 method = "PowerOff";
                 break;
 
-        default:
-                return -EINVAL;
-        }
-
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                "org.freedesktop.login1",
-                                "/org/freedesktop/login1",
-                                "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
-                                method);
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &interactive,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        case ACTION_SUSPEND:
+                method = "Suspend";
+                break;
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
-                        log_debug("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -ENOENT;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        case ACTION_HIBERNATE:
+                method = "Hibernate";
+                break;
 
-                if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) {
-                        log_debug("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EACCES;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        case ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP:
+                method = "HybridSleep";
+                break;
 
-                log_info("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        NULL,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &interactive,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
 #else
         return -ENOSYS;
 #endif
@@ -1784,11 +1795,15 @@ static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         enum action a;
         int r;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
         a = verb_to_action(args[0]);
 
+        if (arg_force >= 2 && geteuid() != 0) {
+                log_error("Must be root.");
+                return -EPERM;
+        }
+
         if (arg_force >= 2 &&
             (a == ACTION_HALT ||
              a == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
@@ -1806,7 +1821,10 @@ static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         /* first try logind, to allow authentication with polkit */
         if (geteuid() != 0 &&
             (a == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
-             a == ACTION_REBOOT)) {
+             a == ACTION_REBOOT ||
+             a == ACTION_SUSPEND ||
+             a == ACTION_HIBERNATE ||
+             a == ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP)) {
                 r = reboot_with_logind(bus, a);
                 if (r >= 0)
                         return r;
@@ -1820,190 +1838,51 @@ static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 }
 
 static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        const char
-                *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
-                *property = "ActiveState";
-        int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
-        DBusError error;
         char **name;
+        int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
 
-        assert(bus);
-        assert(args);
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                const char *path = NULL;
-                const char *state;
-                DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "GetUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-
-                        /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
-                        if (!arg_quiet)
-                                puts("unknown");
-
-                        dbus_error_free(&error);
-                        dbus_message_unref(m);
-                        m = NULL;
-                        continue;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      path,
-                                      "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                                      "Get"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
-                    dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
-
-                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
-
-                if (!arg_quiet)
-                        puts(state);
-
-                if (streq(state, "active") || streq(state, "reloading"))
-                        r = 0;
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
-        }
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(args);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
+                int state = check_one_unit(bus, *name, arg_quiet);
+                if (state < 0)
+                        return state;
+                if (state == 0)
+                        r = 0;
+        }
 
         return r;
 }
 
 static int kill_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL;
         int r = 0;
-        DBusError error;
-        char **name;
+        char **name, *n;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         if (!arg_kill_who)
                 arg_kill_who = "all";
 
-        if (!arg_kill_mode)
-                arg_kill_mode = streq(arg_kill_who, "all") ? "control-group" : "process";
-
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                DBusMessage *reply;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "KillUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_mode,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        dbus_error_free(&error);
-                        r = -EIO;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-                if (reply)
-                        dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "KillUnit",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                free(n);
+                if (r)
+                        return r;
         }
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
@@ -2115,7 +1994,10 @@ typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
         const char *description;
         const char *following;
 
-        const char *path;
+        char **documentation;
+
+        const char *fragment_path;
+        const char *source_path;
         const char *default_control_group;
 
         const char *load_error;
@@ -2134,9 +2016,6 @@ typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
         pid_t control_pid;
         const char *status_text;
         bool running:1;
-#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
-        bool is_sysv:1;
-#endif
 
         usec_t start_timestamp;
         usec_t exit_timestamp;
@@ -2169,6 +2048,7 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
         usec_t timestamp;
         char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_PRETTY_MAX], *s1;
         char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
+        const char *path;
 
         assert(i);
 
@@ -2191,12 +2071,14 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
         } else
                 on = off = "";
 
+        path = i->source_path ? i->source_path : i->fragment_path;
+
         if (i->load_error)
                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (Reason: %s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->load_error);
-        else if (i->path && i->unit_file_state)
-                printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s; %s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->path, i->unit_file_state);
-        else if (i->path)
-                printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->path);
+        else if (path && i->unit_file_state)
+                printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s; %s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, path, i->unit_file_state);
+        else if (path)
+                printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, path);
         else
                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off);
 
@@ -2260,6 +2142,19 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
         if (i->what)
                 printf("\t    What: %s\n", i->what);
 
+        if (!strv_isempty(i->documentation)) {
+                char **t;
+                bool first = true;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(t, i->documentation) {
+                        if (first) {
+                                printf("\t    Docs: %s\n", *t);
+                                first = false;
+                        } else
+                                printf("\t          %s\n", *t);
+                }
+        }
+
         if (i->accept)
                 printf("\tAccepted: %u; Connected: %u\n", i->n_accepted, i->n_connections);
 
@@ -2275,13 +2170,7 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                 printf("\t Process: %u %s=%s ", p->pid, p->name, strna(t));
                 free(t);
 
-#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
-                if (i->is_sysv)
-                        good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status);
-                else
-#endif
-                        good = is_clean_exit(p->code, p->status);
-
+                good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status, NULL);
                 if (!good) {
                         on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
                         off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
@@ -2295,11 +2184,8 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
 
                         printf("status=%i", p->status);
 
-#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
-                        if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
-#else
-                        if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
-#endif
+                        c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD);
+                        if (c)
                                 printf("/%s", c);
 
                 } else
@@ -2338,11 +2224,8 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
 
                                         printf("status=%i", i->exit_status);
 
-#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
-                                        if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
-#else
-                                        if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
-#endif
+                                        c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD);
+                                        if (c)
                                                 printf("/%s", c);
 
                                 } else
@@ -2378,18 +2261,40 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                 printf("\t  CGroup: %s\n", i->default_control_group);
 
                 if (arg_transport != TRANSPORT_SSH) {
-                        if ((c = columns()) > 18)
+                        unsigned k = 0;
+                        pid_t extra[2];
+
+                        c = columns();
+                        if (c > 18)
                                 c -= 18;
                         else
                                 c = 0;
 
-                        show_cgroup_by_path(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c, false);
+                        if (i->main_pid > 0)
+                                extra[k++] = i->main_pid;
+
+                        if (i->control_pid > 0)
+                                extra[k++] = i->control_pid;
+
+                        show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c, false, arg_all, extra, k);
                 }
         }
 
         if (i->id && arg_transport != TRANSPORT_SSH) {
+                int flags =
+                        arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
+                        (!on_tty() || pager_have()) * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
+                        on_tty() * OUTPUT_COLOR |
+                        !arg_quiet * OUTPUT_WARN_CUTOFF;
+
                 printf("\n");
-                show_journal_by_unit(i->id, arg_output, 0, i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic, arg_lines, arg_all, arg_follow);
+                show_journal_by_unit(stdout,
+                                     i->id,
+                                     arg_output,
+                                     0,
+                                     i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic,
+                                     arg_lines,
+                                     flags);
         }
 
         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
@@ -2399,6 +2304,73 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                        arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user");
 }
 
+static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
+        char **p;
+
+        assert(i);
+
+        if (!i->documentation) {
+                log_info("Documentation for %s not known.", i->id);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, i->documentation) {
+
+                if (startswith(*p, "man:")) {
+                        size_t k;
+                        char *e = NULL;
+                        char *page = NULL, *section = NULL;
+                        const char *args[4] = { "man", NULL, NULL, NULL };
+                        pid_t pid;
+
+                        k = strlen(*p);
+
+                        if ((*p)[k-1] == ')')
+                                e = strrchr(*p, '(');
+
+                        if (e) {
+                                page = strndup((*p) + 4, e - *p - 4);
+                                if (!page) {
+                                        log_oom();
+                                        return;
+                                }
+
+                                section = strndup(e + 1, *p + k - e - 2);
+                                if (!section) {
+                                        free(page);
+                                        log_oom();
+                                        return;
+                                }
+
+                                args[1] = section;
+                                args[2] = page;
+                        } else
+                                args[1] = *p + 4;
+
+                        pid = fork();
+                        if (pid < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
+                                free(page);
+                                free(section);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (pid == 0) {
+                                /* Child */
+                                execvp(args[0], (char**) args);
+                                log_error("Failed to execute man: %m");
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        }
+
+                        free(page);
+                        free(section);
+
+                        wait_for_terminate(pid, NULL);
+                } else
+                        log_info("Can't show: %s", *p);
+        }
+}
+
 static int status_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter, UnitStatusInfo *i) {
 
         assert(name);
@@ -2424,13 +2396,9 @@ static int status_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter, UnitStatusIn
                         else if (streq(name, "Description"))
                                 i->description = s;
                         else if (streq(name, "FragmentPath"))
-                                i->path = s;
-#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
-                        else if (streq(name, "SysVPath")) {
-                                i->is_sysv = true;
-                                i->path = s;
-                        }
-#endif
+                                i->fragment_path = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "SourcePath"))
+                                i->source_path = s;
                         else if (streq(name, "DefaultControlGroup"))
                                 i->default_control_group = s;
                         else if (streq(name, "StatusText"))
@@ -2554,6 +2522,27 @@ static int status_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter, UnitStatusIn
 
                                 LIST_PREPEND(ExecStatusInfo, exec, i->exec, info);
 
+                                dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
+                        }
+                } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING &&
+                           streq(name, "Documentation")) {
+
+                        DBusMessageIter sub;
+
+                        dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
+                        while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
+                                const char *s;
+                                char **l;
+
+                                dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
+
+                                l = strv_append(i->documentation, s);
+                                if (!l)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                strv_free(i->documentation);
+                                i->documentation = l;
+
                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
                         }
                 }
@@ -2781,44 +2770,30 @@ static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 }
 
 static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         const char *interface = "";
         int r;
-        DBusError error;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
         UnitStatusInfo info;
         ExecStatusInfo *p;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(path);
         assert(new_line);
 
         zero(info);
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "GetAll"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
 
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "GetAll",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -2876,8 +2851,14 @@ static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, boo
 
         r = 0;
 
-        if (!show_properties)
-                print_status_info(&info);
+        if (!show_properties) {
+                if (streq(verb, "help"))
+                        show_unit_help(&info);
+                else
+                        print_status_info(&info);
+        }
+
+        strv_free(info.documentation);
 
         if (!streq_ptr(info.active_state, "active") &&
             !streq_ptr(info.active_state, "reloading") &&
@@ -2891,9 +2872,44 @@ static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, boo
         }
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+        if (reply)
+                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+
+        return r;
+}
 
+static int show_one_by_pid(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, uint32_t pid, bool *new_line) {
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        const char *path = NULL;
+        DBusError error;
+        int r;
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnitByPID",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
+                goto finish;
+
+        if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
+                                   DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
+                                   DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                r = -EIO;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = show_one(verb, bus, path, false, new_line);
+
+finish:
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
@@ -2903,18 +2919,14 @@ finish:
 }
 
 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         int r, ret = 0;
-        DBusError error;
         bool show_properties, new_line = false;
         char **name;
 
         assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        show_properties = !streq(args[0], "status");
+        show_properties = streq(args[0], "show");
 
         if (show_properties)
                 pager_open_if_enabled();
@@ -2923,162 +2935,57 @@ static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
                  * itself */
 
-                ret = show_one(args[0], bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line);
-                goto finish;
+                return show_one(args[0], bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line);
         }
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                const char *path = NULL;
                 uint32_t id;
 
                 if (safe_atou32(*name, &id) < 0) {
-
+                        char *p, *n;
                         /* Interpret as unit name */
 
-                        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                              "LoadUnit"))) {
-                                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                                ret = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                                ret = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-
-                                if (!dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) {
-                                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                                        ret = -EIO;
-                                        goto finish;
-                                }
-
-                                dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-                                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                                      "GetUnit"))) {
-                                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                                        ret = -ENOMEM;
-                                        goto finish;
-                                }
-
-                                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                                        ret = -ENOMEM;
-                                        goto finish;
-                                }
+                        n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                        p = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n ? n : *name);
+                        free(n);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return log_oom();
 
-                                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                        r = show_one(args[0], bus, p, show_properties, &new_line);
+                        free(p);
 
-                                        if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
-                                                ret = 4; /* According to LSB: "program or service status is unknown" */
-                                        else
-                                                ret = -EIO;
-                                        goto finish;
-                                }
-                        }
+                        if (r != 0)
+                                ret = r;
 
                 } else if (show_properties) {
 
                         /* Interpret as job id */
 
-                        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                              "GetJob"))) {
-                                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                                ret = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
+                        char *p;
+                        if (asprintf(&p, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/%u", id) < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
 
-                        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                                ret = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
+                        r = show_one(args[0], bus, p, show_properties, &new_line);
+                        free(p);
+
+                        if (r != 0)
+                                ret = r;
 
-                        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                                ret = -EIO;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
                 } else {
 
                         /* Interpret as PID */
 
-                        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                              "GetUnitByPID"))) {
-                                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                                ret = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                                ret = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                                ret = -EIO;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        ret = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                        r = show_one_by_pid(args[0], bus, id, &new_line);
+                        if (r != 0)
+                                ret = r;
                 }
-
-                if ((r = show_one(args[0], bus, path, show_properties, &new_line)) != 0)
-                        ret = r;
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
         }
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return ret;
 }
 
 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusError error;
         int r;
         const char *text;
@@ -3087,20 +2994,17 @@ static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "Dump"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "Dump",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
@@ -3112,12 +3016,7 @@ static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
         fputs(text, stdout);
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
@@ -3127,78 +3026,60 @@ finish:
 }
 
 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusError error;
         int r;
-        const char *name = "", *path, *id;
         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
         const char
+                *name = "", *path, *id,
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                 *property = "Id";
+        char *n;
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "CreateSnapshot"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
         if (strv_length(args) > 1)
                 name = args[1];
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
-                                   DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                   DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        n = unit_name_mangle(name);
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "CreateSnapshot",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? (const char**) &n : &name,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        free(n);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
-
-        dbus_message_unref(m);
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "Get"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
+        if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
+                                   DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
+                                   DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                r = -EIO;
                 goto finish;
         }
 
         dbus_message_unref(reply);
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
@@ -3219,12 +3100,8 @@ static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
         if (!arg_quiet)
                 puts(id);
-        r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
@@ -3234,95 +3111,66 @@ finish:
 }
 
 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        int r;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        int r = 0;
         DBusError error;
         char **name;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
                 const char *path = NULL;
+                char *n;
 
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "GetUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "GetUnit",
+                                &reply,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                free(n);
+                if (r)
                         goto finish;
-                }
 
                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
                         r = -EIO;
+                        dbus_message_unref(reply);
+                        dbus_error_free(&error);
                         goto finish;
                 }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      path,
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
-                                      "Remove"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
 
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                path,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
+                                "Remove",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r)
+                        goto finish;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
         int r;
         const char *method;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        DBusError error;
 
         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
                 method = "Reload";
@@ -3344,141 +3192,82 @@ static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                                     /* "daemon-reload" */ "Reload";
         }
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              method))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-
-                if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
-                        /* There's always a fallback possible for
-                         * legacy actions. */
-                        r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (streq(method, "Reexecute") && dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_REPLY)) {
-                        /* On reexecution, we expect a disconnect, not
-                         * a reply */
-                        r = 0;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        NULL,
+                        &error,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+
+        if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
+                /* There's always a fallback possible for
+                 * legacy actions. */
+                r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+        else if (r == -ETIMEDOUT && streq(method, "Reexecute"))
+                /* On reexecution, we expect a disconnect, not
+                 * a reply */
+                r = 0;
+        else if (r)
                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
         dbus_error_free(&error);
 
         return r;
 }
 
 static int reset_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL;
-        int r;
-        DBusError error;
-        char **name;
-
-        assert(bus);
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        int r = 0;
+        char **name, *n;
 
         if (strv_length(args) <= 1)
                 return daemon_reload(bus, args);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                DBusMessage *reply;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "ResetFailedUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "ResetFailedUnit",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                free(n);
+                if (r)
                         goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         int r;
         const char
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                 *property = "Environment";
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "Get"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
@@ -3516,24 +3305,46 @@ static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
+static int switch_root(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        unsigned l;
+        const char *root, *init;
+
+        l = strv_length(args);
+        if (l < 2 || l > 3) {
+                log_error("Wrong number of arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        root = args[1];
+        init = l >= 3 ? args[2] : "";
+
+        return bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "SwitchRoot",
+                        NULL,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &root,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &init,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+}
+
 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         DBusError error;
-        int r;
         const char *method;
-        DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
-        char **name;
+        DBusMessageIter iter;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
@@ -3541,38 +3352,22 @@ static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 ? "SetEnvironment"
                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              method))) {
-
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
+        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method);
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
 
         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
 
-        if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
-                if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, args + 1);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
 
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
+        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
+        if (!reply) {
                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
                 r = -EIO;
                 goto finish;
@@ -3581,21 +3376,14 @@ static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
         dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
         int r = 0;
 
-#if defined (HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT) && (defined(TARGET_FEDORA) || defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA) || defined(TARGET_SUSE) || defined(TARGET_MEEGO) || defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX) || defined(TARGET_MAGEIA))
+#if defined (HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT) && (defined(TARGET_FEDORA) || defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA) || defined(TARGET_SUSE) || defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX) || defined(TARGET_MAGEIA))
         const char *verb = args[0];
         unsigned f = 1, t = 1;
         LookupPaths paths;
@@ -3612,12 +3400,11 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
          * afterwards only the native units remain */
 
         zero(paths);
-        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, MANAGER_SYSTEM, false);
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, SYSTEMD_SYSTEM, false, NULL, NULL, NULL);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
         r = 0;
-
         for (f = 1; args[f]; f++) {
                 const char *name;
                 char *p;
@@ -3646,8 +3433,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
                                 asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", *k, name);
 
                         if (!p) {
-                                log_error("No memory");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                r = log_oom();
                                 goto finish;
                         }
 
@@ -3667,8 +3453,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
                 else
                         asprintf(&p, SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH "/%s", name);
                 if (!p) {
-                        log_error("No memory");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        r = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -3688,7 +3473,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
                 if (!isempty(arg_root))
                         argv[c++] = q = strappend("--root=", arg_root);
 
-                argv[c++] = file_name_from_path(p);
+                argv[c++] = path_get_file_name(p);
                 argv[c++] =
                         streq(verb, "enable") ? "on" :
                         streq(verb, "disable") ? "off" : "--level=5";
@@ -3696,10 +3481,9 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
 
                 l = strv_join((char**)argv, " ");
                 if (!l) {
-                        log_error("No memory.");
                         free(q);
                         free(p);
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        r = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -3769,6 +3553,38 @@ finish:
         return r;
 }
 
+static int mangle_names(char **original_names, char ***mangled_names) {
+        char **i, **l, **name;
+
+        l = new(char*, strv_length(original_names) + 1);
+        if (!l)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        i = l;
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, original_names) {
+
+                /* When enabling units qualified path names are OK,
+                 * too, hence allow them explicitly. */
+
+                if (is_path(*name))
+                        *i = strdup(*name);
+                else
+                        *i = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+
+                if (!*i) {
+                        strv_free(l);
+                        return log_oom();
+                }
+
+                i++;
+        }
+
+        *i = NULL;
+        *mangled_names = l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         const char *verb = args[0];
         UnitFileChange *changes = NULL;
@@ -3777,6 +3593,7 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusError error;
+        char **mangled_names = NULL;
 
         r = enable_sysv_units(args);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -3822,6 +3639,7 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                         }
                 }
 
+                r = 0;
         } else {
                 const char *method;
                 bool send_force = true, expect_carries_install_info = false;
@@ -3856,14 +3674,17 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                                 method);
                 if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Out of memory");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        r = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
 
-                r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, args+1);
+                r = mangle_names(args+1, &mangled_names);
+                if(r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
+                r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, mangled_names);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to append unit files.");
                         goto finish;
@@ -3951,7 +3772,7 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         }
 
         if (carries_install_info == 0)
-                log_warning("Warning: unit files do not carry install information. No operation executed.");
+                log_warning("The unit files have no [Install] section. They are not meant to be enabled using systemctl.");
 
 finish:
         if (m)
@@ -3963,13 +3784,16 @@ finish:
         unit_file_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
 
         dbus_error_free(&error);
+
+        strv_free(mangled_names);
+
         return r;
 }
 
 static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         DBusError error;
         int r;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         bool enabled;
         char **name;
 
@@ -4005,31 +3829,18 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
                         const char *s;
 
-                        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                        bus,
                                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                        "GetUnitFileState");
-                        if (!m) {
-                                log_error("Out of memory");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                        if (!reply) {
-                                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                                r = -EIO;
+                                        "GetUnitFileState",
+                                        &reply,
+                                        NULL,
+                                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
+                                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                        if (r)
                                 goto finish;
-                        }
 
                         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &s,
@@ -4039,9 +3850,8 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                                 goto finish;
                         }
 
-                        dbus_message_unref(m);
                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                        m = reply = NULL;
+                        reply = NULL;
 
                         if (streq(s, "enabled") ||
                             streq(s, "enabled-runtime") ||
@@ -4056,9 +3866,6 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = enabled ? 0 : 1;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
@@ -4107,9 +3914,8 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "     --root=PATH      Enable unit files in the specified root directory\n"
                "     --runtime        Enable unit files only temporarily until next reboot\n"
                "  -n --lines=INTEGER  Journal entries to show\n"
-               "     --follow         Follow journal\n"
                "  -o --output=STRING  Change journal output mode (short, short-monotonic,\n"
-               "                      verbose, export, json, cat)\n\n"
+               "                      verbose, export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n\n"
                "Unit Commands:\n"
                "  list-units                      List loaded units\n"
                "  start [NAME...]                 Start (activate) one or more units\n"
@@ -4127,6 +3933,7 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "  status [NAME...|PID...]         Show runtime status of one or more units\n"
                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more\n"
                "                                  units/jobs or the manager\n"
+               "  help [NAME...|PID...]            Show manual for one or more units\n"
                "  reset-failed [NAME...]          Reset failed state for all, one, or more\n"
                "                                  units\n"
                "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n\n"
@@ -4166,7 +3973,11 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
                "  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system\n"
                "  kexec                           Shut down and reboot the system with kexec\n"
-               "  exit                            Ask for user instance termination\n",
+               "  exit                            Request user instance exit\n"
+               "  switch-root [ROOT] [INIT]       Change to a different root file system\n"
+               "  suspend                         Suspend the system\n"
+               "  hibernate                       Hibernate the system\n"
+               "  hybrid-sleep                    Hibernate and suspend the system\n",
                program_invocation_short_name);
 
         return 0;
@@ -4183,7 +3994,6 @@ static int halt_help(void) {
                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
-               "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
                program_invocation_short_name,
                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
@@ -4201,7 +4011,7 @@ static int shutdown_help(void) {
                "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
                "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
                "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
-               "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overriden by --halt\n"
+               "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overridden by --halt\n"
                "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
                "  -c             Cancel a pending shutdown\n",
@@ -4256,12 +4066,10 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 ARG_ROOT,
                 ARG_FULL,
                 ARG_NO_RELOAD,
-                ARG_KILL_MODE,
                 ARG_KILL_WHO,
                 ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD,
                 ARG_FAILED,
                 ARG_RUNTIME,
-                ARG_FOLLOW,
                 ARG_FORCE
         };
 
@@ -4288,7 +4096,6 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "root",      required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT      },
                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FORCE     },
                 { "no-reload", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD },
-                { "kill-mode", required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_MODE }, /* undocumented on purpose */
                 { "kill-who",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_WHO  },
                 { "signal",    required_argument, NULL, 's'           },
                 { "no-ask-password", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
@@ -4296,7 +4103,6 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "privileged",no_argument,       NULL, 'P'           },
                 { "runtime",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_RUNTIME   },
                 { "lines",     required_argument, NULL, 'n'           },
-                { "follow",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FOLLOW    },
                 { "output",    required_argument, NULL, 'o'           },
                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0             }
         };
@@ -4321,9 +4127,17 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return 0;
 
                 case 't':
-                        arg_type = optarg;
-                        break;
-
+                        if (unit_type_from_string(optarg) >= 0) {
+                                arg_type = optarg;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        if (unit_load_state_from_string(optarg) >= 0) {
+                                arg_load_state = optarg;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        log_error("Unkown unit type or load state '%s'.",
+                                  optarg);
+                        return -EINVAL;
                 case 'p': {
                         char **l;
 
@@ -4408,14 +4222,8 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_force ++;
                         break;
 
-                case ARG_FOLLOW:
-                        arg_follow = true;
-                        break;
-
                 case 'f':
-                        /* -f is short for both --follow and --force! */
                         arg_force ++;
-                        arg_follow = true;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
@@ -4426,10 +4234,6 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_kill_who = optarg;
                         break;
 
-                case ARG_KILL_MODE:
-                        arg_kill_mode = optarg;
-                        break;
-
                 case 's':
                         if ((arg_signal = signal_from_string_try_harder(optarg)) < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to parse signal string %s.", optarg);
@@ -4473,7 +4277,7 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -4503,7 +4307,6 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
-                { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
         };
@@ -4515,7 +4318,7 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
                 if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
-                        arg_immediate = true;
+                        arg_force = 2;
 
         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
                 switch (c) {
@@ -4538,7 +4341,7 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case 'f':
-                        arg_immediate = true;
+                        arg_force = 2;
                         break;
 
                 case 'w':
@@ -4549,16 +4352,13 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
                         break;
 
-                case 'n':
-                        arg_no_sync = true;
-                        break;
-
                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
                         arg_no_wall = true;
                         break;
 
                 case 'i':
                 case 'h':
+                case 'n':
                         /* Compatibility nops */
                         break;
 
@@ -4566,7 +4366,7 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -4703,12 +4503,12 @@ static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
 
-        if (argc > optind) {
+        if (argc > optind && arg_action != ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN) {
                 r = parse_time_spec(argv[optind], &arg_when);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse time specification: %s", argv[optind]);
@@ -4717,8 +4517,11 @@ static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         } else
                 arg_when = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE;
 
-        /* We skip the time argument */
-        if (argc > optind + 1)
+        if (argc > optind && arg_action == ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN)
+                /* No time argument for shutdown cancel */
+                arg_wall = argv + optind;
+        else if (argc > optind + 1)
+                /* We skip the time argument */
                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
 
         optind = argc;
@@ -4779,7 +4582,7 @@ static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -4804,7 +4607,7 @@ static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
-                log_error("Unknown command %s.", argv[optind]);
+                log_error("Unknown command '%s'.", argv[optind]);
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
@@ -4842,7 +4645,7 @@ static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -4987,7 +4790,7 @@ static int talk_upstart(void) {
 
         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 
-                if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
+                if (bus_error_is_no_service(&error)) {
                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
                         goto finish;
                 }
@@ -5087,6 +4890,7 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                 { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit        },
                 { "show",                  MORE,  1, show              },
                 { "status",                MORE,  2, show              },
+                { "help",                  MORE,  2, show              },
                 { "dump",                  EQUAL, 1, dump              },
                 { "dot",                   EQUAL, 1, dot               },
                 { "snapshot",              LESS,  2, snapshot          },
@@ -5100,6 +4904,9 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                 { "poweroff",              EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "reboot",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "kexec",                 EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
+                { "suspend",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
+                { "hibernate",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
+                { "hybrid-sleep",          EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "default",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "rescue",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "emergency",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
@@ -5112,7 +4919,8 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                 { "preset",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
                 { "mask",                  MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
                 { "unmask",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
-                { "link",                  MORE,  2, enable_unit       }
+                { "link",                  MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
+                { "switch-root",           MORE,  2, switch_root       },
         };
 
         int left;
@@ -5128,9 +4936,10 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                 /* Special rule: no arguments means "list-units" */
                 i = 0;
         else {
-                if (streq(argv[optind], "help")) {
-                        systemctl_help();
-                        return 0;
+                if (streq(argv[optind], "help") && !argv[optind+1]) {
+                        log_error("This command expects one or more "
+                                  "unit names. Did you mean --help?");
+                        return -EINVAL;
                 }
 
                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(verbs); i++)
@@ -5138,7 +4947,7 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                                 break;
 
                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
-                        log_error("Unknown operation %s", argv[optind]);
+                        log_error("Unknown operation '%s'.", argv[optind]);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -5190,7 +4999,9 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                         return 0;
                 }
 
-                if (!bus) {
+                if (((!streq(verbs[i].verb, "reboot") &&
+                      !streq(verbs[i].verb, "halt") &&
+                      !streq(verbs[i].verb, "poweroff")) || arg_force <= 0) && !bus) {
                         log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s",
                                   dbus_error_is_set(error) ? error->message : "No connection to service manager.");
                         return -EIO;
@@ -5300,7 +5111,7 @@ done:
         return 0;
 }
 
-static void halt_now(enum action a) {
+static _noreturn_ void halt_now(enum action a) {
 
        /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
          * point on... */
@@ -5340,7 +5151,7 @@ static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
 
                 if (arg_when <= 0 &&
                     !arg_dry &&
-                    !arg_immediate &&
+                    !arg_force &&
                     (arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
                      arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT)) {
                         r = reboot_with_logind(bus, arg_action);
@@ -5377,7 +5188,7 @@ static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
                 }
         }
 
-        if (!arg_dry && !arg_immediate)
+        if (!arg_dry && !arg_force)
                 return start_with_fallback(bus);
 
         if (!arg_no_wtmp) {
@@ -5390,9 +5201,6 @@ static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
                 }
         }
 
-        if (!arg_no_sync)
-                sync();
-
         if (arg_dry)
                 return 0;
 
@@ -5490,9 +5298,22 @@ int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
                 r = reload_with_fallback(bus);
                 break;
 
-        case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN:
-                r = send_shutdownd(0, 0, false, false, NULL);
+        case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN: {
+                char *m = NULL;
+
+                if (arg_wall) {
+                        m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
+                        if (!m) {
+                                retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                }
+                r = send_shutdownd(arg_when, SD_SHUTDOWN_NONE, false, !arg_no_wall, m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, shutdown hasn't been cancelled: %s", strerror(-r));
+                free(m);
                 break;
+        }
 
         case ACTION_INVALID:
         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL: