chiark / gitweb /
systemctl: properly iterate through service array when dispatching to sysv
[elogind.git] / src / systemctl / systemctl.c
index b71040be40f6847bbf7f086f4c4e5ca9b4ea86a9..3d939f050b707722eb20a0017ec6a85522b9bba0 100644 (file)
 #include "logs-show.h"
 #include "socket-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
+#include "copy.h"
 #include "env-util.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
 #include "bus-message.h"
 #include "bus-error.h"
-#include "bus-errors.h"
+#include "bus-common-errors.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "dropin.h"
 
 static char **arg_types = NULL;
 static char **arg_states = NULL;
@@ -619,9 +622,9 @@ static int get_unit_list_recursive(
                         _cleanup_bus_close_unref_ sd_bus *container = NULL;
                         int k;
 
-                        r = sd_bus_open_system_container(&container, *i);
+                        r = sd_bus_open_system_machine(&container, *i);
                         if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to connect to container %s: %s", *i, strerror(-r));
+                                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to container %s: %m", *i);
                                 continue;
                         }
 
@@ -750,7 +753,7 @@ struct socket_info {
 
         /* Note: triggered is a list here, although it almost certainly
          * will always be one unit. Nevertheless, dbus API allows for multiple
-         * values, so let's follow that.*/
+         * values, so let's follow that. */
         char** triggered;
 
         /* The strv above is shared. free is set only in the first one. */
@@ -1268,6 +1271,11 @@ next:
                         return false;
         }
 
+        if (!strv_isempty(arg_states)) {
+                if (!strv_find(arg_states, unit_file_state_to_string(u->state)))
+                        return false;
+        }
+
         return true;
 }
 
@@ -1354,7 +1362,7 @@ static int list_unit_files(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                 r = unit_file_get_list(arg_scope, arg_root, h);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         unit_file_list_free(h);
-                        log_error("Failed to get unit file list: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unit file list: %m");
                         return r;
                 }
 
@@ -1474,11 +1482,13 @@ static int list_dependencies_get_dependencies(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, cha
                                        "RequiresOverridable\0"
                                        "Requisite\0"
                                        "RequisiteOverridable\0"
-                                       "Wants\0",
+                                       "Wants\0"
+                                       "BindsTo\0",
                 [DEPENDENCY_REVERSE] = "RequiredBy\0"
                                        "RequiredByOverridable\0"
                                        "WantedBy\0"
-                                       "PartOf\0",
+                                       "PartOf\0"
+                                       "BoundBy\0",
                 [DEPENDENCY_AFTER]   = "After\0",
                 [DEPENDENCY_BEFORE]  = "Before\0",
         };
@@ -1703,7 +1713,7 @@ static int get_machine_properties(sd_bus *bus, struct machine_info *mi) {
         assert(mi);
 
         if (!bus) {
-                r = sd_bus_open_system_container(&container, mi->name);
+                r = sd_bus_open_system_machine(&container, mi->name);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -1898,10 +1908,8 @@ static int get_default(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
 
         if (!bus || avoid_bus()) {
                 r = unit_file_get_default(arg_scope, arg_root, &_path);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to get default target: %s", strerror(-r));
-                        return r;
-                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get default target: %m");
                 path = _path;
 
         } else {
@@ -1943,32 +1951,6 @@ static void dump_unit_file_changes(const UnitFileChange *changes, unsigned n_cha
         }
 }
 
-static int deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(sd_bus_message *m) {
-        const char *type, *path, *source;
-        int r;
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sss)");
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
-
-        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(sss)", &type, &path, &source)) > 0) {
-                if (!arg_quiet) {
-                        if (streq(type, "symlink"))
-                                log_info("Created symlink from %s to %s.", path, source);
-                        else
-                                log_info("Removed symlink %s.", path);
-                }
-        }
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
 static int set_default(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL;
         UnitFileChange *changes = NULL;
@@ -1981,10 +1963,8 @@ static int set_default(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
 
         if (!bus || avoid_bus()) {
                 r = unit_file_set_default(arg_scope, arg_root, unit, true, &changes, &n_changes);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to set default target: %s", strerror(-r));
-                        return r;
-                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set default target: %m");
 
                 if (!arg_quiet)
                         dump_unit_file_changes(changes, n_changes);
@@ -2018,7 +1998,7 @@ static int set_default(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                         return r;
                 }
 
-                r = deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply);
+                r = bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply, arg_quiet);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -2192,10 +2172,8 @@ static int cancel_job(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                 int q;
 
                 q = safe_atou32(*name, &id);
-                if (q < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse job id \"%s\": %s", *name, strerror(-q));
-                        return q;
-                }
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(q, "Failed to parse job id \"%s\": %m", *name);
 
                 q = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
                                 bus,
@@ -2267,182 +2245,136 @@ static int need_daemon_reload(sd_bus *bus, const char *unit) {
         return b;
 }
 
-typedef struct WaitData {
-        Set *set;
-
-        char *name;
-        char *result;
-} WaitData;
-
-static int wait_filter(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, void *data, sd_bus_error *error) {
-        WaitData *d = data;
-
-        assert(bus);
-        assert(m);
-        assert(d);
-
-        log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
-                  sd_bus_message_get_interface(m),
-                  sd_bus_message_get_member(m),
-                  sd_bus_message_get_path(m));
-
-        if (sd_bus_message_is_signal(m, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Local", "Disconnected")) {
-                log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
-                sd_bus_close(bus);
-        } else if (sd_bus_message_is_signal(m, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
-                uint32_t id;
-                const char *path, *result, *unit;
-                char *ret;
-                int r;
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "uoss", &id, &path, &unit, &result);
-                if (r >= 0) {
-                        ret = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
-                        if (!ret)
-                                return 0;
-
-                        free(ret);
-
-                        if (!isempty(result))
-                                d->result = strdup(result);
+static void warn_unit_file_changed(const char *name) {
+        log_warning("%sWarning:%s %s changed on disk. Run 'systemctl%s daemon-reload' to reload units.",
+                    ansi_highlight_red(),
+                    ansi_highlight_off(),
+                    name,
+                    arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "" : " --user");
+}
 
-                        if (!isempty(unit))
-                                d->name = strdup(unit);
+static int unit_file_find_path(LookupPaths *lp, const char *unit_name, char **unit_path) {
+        char **p;
 
-                        return 0;
-                }
-#ifndef NOLEGACY
-                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "uos", &id, &path, &result);
-                if (r >= 0) {
-                        ret = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
-                        if (!ret)
-                                return 0;
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(unit_name);
+        assert(unit_path);
 
-                        free(ret);
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, lp->unit_path) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path;
 
-                        if (*result)
-                                d->result = strdup(result);
+                path = path_join(arg_root, *p, unit_name);
+                if (!path)
+                        return log_oom();
 
-                        return 0;
+                if (access(path, F_OK) == 0) {
+                        *unit_path = path;
+                        path = NULL;
+                        return 1;
                 }
-#endif
-
-                bus_log_parse_error(r);
         }
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int enable_wait_for_jobs(sd_bus *bus) {
+static int unit_find_paths(sd_bus *bus,
+                           const char *unit_name,
+                           bool avoid_bus_cache,
+                           LookupPaths *lp,
+                           char **fragment_path,
+                           char ***dropin_paths) {
         int r;
 
-        assert(bus);
-
-        r = sd_bus_add_match(
-                        bus,
-                        NULL,
-                        "type='signal',"
-                        "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
-                        "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
-                        "member='JobRemoved',"
-                        "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
-                        NULL, NULL);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to add match");
-                return -EIO;
-        }
-
-        /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the match registrations. */
-        return 0;
-}
+        /**
+         * Finds where the unit is defined on disk. Returns 0 if the unit
+         * is not found. Returns 1 if it is found, and sets
+         * - the path to the unit in *path, if it exists on disk,
+         * - and a strv of existing drop-ins in *dropins,
+         *   if the arg is not NULL and any dropins were found.
+         */
 
-static int bus_process_wait(sd_bus *bus) {
-        int r;
+        assert(unit_name);
+        assert(fragment_path);
+        assert(lp);
 
-        for (;;) {
-                r = sd_bus_process(bus, NULL);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-                if (r > 0)
-                        return 0;
-                r = sd_bus_wait(bus, (uint64_t) -1);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-}
+        if (!avoid_bus_cache && !unit_name_is_template(unit_name)) {
+                _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **dropins = NULL;
 
-static int check_wait_response(WaitData *d) {
-        int r = 0;
+                unit = unit_dbus_path_from_name(unit_name);
+                if (!unit)
+                        return log_oom();
 
-        assert(d->result);
+                if (need_daemon_reload(bus, unit_name) > 0)
+                        warn_unit_file_changed(unit_name);
 
-        if (!arg_quiet) {
-                if (streq(d->result, "timeout"))
-                        log_error("Job for %s timed out.", strna(d->name));
-                else if (streq(d->result, "canceled"))
-                        log_error("Job for %s canceled.", strna(d->name));
-                else if (streq(d->result, "dependency"))
-                        log_error("A dependency job for %s failed. See 'journalctl -xe' for details.", strna(d->name));
-                else if (!streq(d->result, "done") && !streq(d->result, "skipped")) {
-                        if (d->name) {
-                                bool quotes;
+                r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                unit,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                                "FragmentPath",
+                                &error,
+                                &path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get FragmentPath: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
 
-                                quotes = chars_intersect(d->name, SHELL_NEED_QUOTES);
+                r = sd_bus_get_property_strv(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                unit,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                                "DropInPaths",
+                                &error,
+                                &dropins);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get DropInPaths: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
 
-                                log_error("Job for %s failed. See \"systemctl status %s%s%s\" and \"journalctl -xe\" for details.",
-                                          d->name,
-                                          quotes ? "'" : "", d->name, quotes ? "'" : "");
-                        } else
-                                log_error("Job failed. See \"journalctl -xe\" for details.");
+                r = 0;
+                if (!isempty(path)) {
+                        *fragment_path = path;
+                        path = NULL;
+                        r = 1;
                 }
-        }
 
-        if (streq(d->result, "timeout"))
-                r = -ETIME;
-        else if (streq(d->result, "canceled"))
-                r = -ECANCELED;
-        else if (streq(d->result, "dependency"))
-                r = -EIO;
-        else if (!streq(d->result, "done") && !streq(d->result, "skipped"))
-                r = -EIO;
+                if (dropin_paths && !strv_isempty(dropins)) {
+                        *dropin_paths = dropins;
+                        dropins = NULL;
+                        r = 1;
+                }
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_set_free_ Set *names;
 
-        return r;
-}
+                names = set_new(NULL);
+                if (!names)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
 
-static int wait_for_jobs(sd_bus *bus, Set *s) {
-        _cleanup_bus_slot_unref_ sd_bus_slot *slot = NULL;
-        WaitData d = { .set = s };
-        int r = 0, q;
+                r = set_put(names, unit_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-        assert(bus);
-        assert(s);
+                r = unit_file_find_path(lp, unit_name, fragment_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-        q = sd_bus_add_filter(bus, &slot, wait_filter, &d);
-        if (q < 0)
-                return log_oom();
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *template;
 
-        while (!set_isempty(s)) {
-                q = bus_process_wait(bus);
-                if (q < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to wait for response: %s", strerror(-q));
-                        return q;
-                }
+                        template = unit_name_template(unit_name);
+                        if (!template)
+                                return log_oom();
 
-                if (d.result) {
-                        q = check_wait_response(&d);
-                        /* Return the first error as it is most likely to be
-                         * meaningful. */
-                        if (q < 0 && r == 0)
-                                r = q;
-                        log_debug("Got result %s/%s for job %s",
-                                  strna(d.result), strerror(-q), strna(d.name));
+                        if (!streq(template, unit_name)) {
+                                r = unit_file_find_path(lp, template, fragment_path);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
                 }
 
-                free(d.name);
-                d.name = NULL;
-
-                free(d.result);
-                d.result = NULL;
+                if (dropin_paths)
+                        r = unit_file_find_dropin_paths(lp->unit_path, NULL, names, dropin_paths);
         }
 
         return r;
@@ -2552,10 +2484,8 @@ static int check_triggering_units(
 
         STRV_FOREACH(i, triggered_by) {
                 r = check_one_unit(bus, *i, "active\0reloading\0", true);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to check unit: %s", strerror(-r));
-                        return r;
-                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check unit: %m");
 
                 if (r == 0)
                         continue;
@@ -2614,7 +2544,7 @@ static int start_unit_one(
                 const char *name,
                 const char *mode,
                 sd_bus_error *error,
-                Set *s) {
+                BusWaitForJobs *w) {
 
         _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         const char *path;
@@ -2665,18 +2595,11 @@ static int start_unit_one(
                 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
 
         if (need_daemon_reload(bus, name) > 0)
-                log_warning("Warning: Unit file of %s changed on disk, 'systemctl%s daemon-reload' recommended.",
-                            name, arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "" : " --user");
-
-        if (s) {
-                char *p;
-
-                p = strdup(path);
-                if (!p)
-                        return log_oom();
+                warn_unit_file_changed(name);
 
-                log_debug("Adding %s to the set", p);
-                r = set_consume(s, p);
+        if (w) {
+                log_debug("Adding %s to the set", path);
+                r = bus_wait_for_jobs_add(w, path);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return log_oom();
         }
@@ -2714,6 +2637,9 @@ static int expand_names(sd_bus *bus, char **names, const char* suffix, char ***r
                 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
                 _cleanup_free_ UnitInfo *unit_infos = NULL;
 
+                if (!bus)
+                        return log_error_errno(ENOTSUP, "Unit name globbing without bus is not implemented.");
+
                 r = get_unit_list(bus, NULL, globs, &unit_infos, 0, &reply);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
@@ -2762,9 +2688,9 @@ static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
 }
 
 static int start_unit(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
-        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *s = NULL;
-        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *w = NULL;
         const char *method, *mode, *one_name, *suffix = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
         char **name;
         int r = 0;
 
@@ -2799,26 +2725,20 @@ static int start_unit(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
         else {
                 r = expand_names(bus, args + 1, suffix, &names);
                 if (r < 0)
-                        log_error("Failed to expand names: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
         }
 
         if (!arg_no_block) {
-                r = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-r));
-                        return r;
-                }
-
-                s = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
-                if (!s)
-                        return log_oom();
+                r = bus_wait_for_jobs_new(bus, &w);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Could not watch jobs: %m");
         }
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
                 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
                 int q;
 
-                q = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, s);
+                q = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, w);
                 if (r >= 0 && q < 0)
                         r = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(q, &error);
         }
@@ -2826,7 +2746,7 @@ static int start_unit(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
         if (!arg_no_block) {
                 int q;
 
-                q = wait_for_jobs(bus, s);
+                q = bus_wait_for_jobs(w, arg_quiet);
                 if (q < 0)
                         return q;
 
@@ -3046,7 +2966,7 @@ static int start_special(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
              a == ACTION_HIBERNATE ||
              a == ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP)) {
                 r = reboot_with_logind(bus, a);
-                if (r >= 0)
+                if (r >= 0 || IN_SET(r, -ENOTSUP, -EINPROGRESS))
                         return r;
         }
 
@@ -3066,10 +2986,8 @@ static int check_unit_generic(sd_bus *bus, int code, const char *good_states, ch
         assert(args);
 
         r = expand_names(bus, args, NULL, &names);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to expand names: %s", strerror(-r));
-                return r;
-        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
                 int state;
@@ -3107,7 +3025,7 @@ static int kill_unit(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
 
         r = expand_names(bus, args + 1, NULL, &names);
         if (r < 0)
-                log_error("Failed to expand names: %s", strerror(-r));
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
                 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
@@ -3225,6 +3143,7 @@ typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
         const char *active_state;
         const char *sub_state;
         const char *unit_file_state;
+        const char *unit_file_preset;
 
         const char *description;
         const char *following;
@@ -3266,7 +3185,14 @@ typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
         bool failed_condition_trigger;
         bool failed_condition_negate;
         const char *failed_condition;
-        const char *failed_condition_param;
+        const char *failed_condition_parameter;
+
+        usec_t assert_timestamp;
+        bool assert_result;
+        bool failed_assert_trigger;
+        bool failed_assert_negate;
+        const char *failed_assert;
+        const char *failed_assert_parameter;
 
         /* Socket */
         unsigned n_accepted;
@@ -3341,7 +3267,10 @@ static void print_status_info(
         if (i->load_error)
                 printf("   Loaded: %s%s%s (Reason: %s)\n",
                        on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->load_error);
-        else if (path && i->unit_file_state)
+        else if (path && !isempty(i->unit_file_state) && !isempty(i->unit_file_preset))
+                printf("   Loaded: %s%s%s (%s; %s; vendor preset: %s)\n",
+                       on, strna(i->load_state), off, path, i->unit_file_state, i->unit_file_preset);
+        else if (path && !isempty(i->unit_file_state))
                 printf("   Loaded: %s%s%s (%s; %s)\n",
                        on, strna(i->load_state), off, path, i->unit_file_state);
         else if (path)
@@ -3410,7 +3339,8 @@ static void print_status_info(
                 s1 = format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), i->condition_timestamp);
                 s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), i->condition_timestamp);
 
-                printf("           start condition failed at %s%s%s\n",
+                printf("Condition: start %scondition failed%s at %s%s%s\n",
+                       ansi_highlight_yellow(), ansi_highlight_off(),
                        s2, s1 ? "; " : "", s1 ? s1 : "");
                 if (i->failed_condition_trigger)
                         printf("           none of the trigger conditions were met\n");
@@ -3418,7 +3348,23 @@ static void print_status_info(
                         printf("           %s=%s%s was not met\n",
                                i->failed_condition,
                                i->failed_condition_negate ? "!" : "",
-                               i->failed_condition_param);
+                               i->failed_condition_parameter);
+        }
+
+        if (!i->assert_result && i->assert_timestamp > 0) {
+                s1 = format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), i->assert_timestamp);
+                s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), i->assert_timestamp);
+
+                printf("   Assert: start %sassertion failed%s at %s%s%s\n",
+                       ansi_highlight_red(), ansi_highlight_off(),
+                       s2, s1 ? "; " : "", s1 ? s1 : "");
+                if (i->failed_assert_trigger)
+                        printf("           none of the trigger assertions were met\n");
+                else if (i->failed_assert)
+                        printf("           %s=%s%s was not met\n",
+                               i->failed_assert,
+                               i->failed_assert_negate ? "!" : "",
+                               i->failed_assert_parameter);
         }
 
         if (i->sysfs_path)
@@ -3531,12 +3477,12 @@ static void print_status_info(
 
         if (i->control_group &&
             (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0 ||
-             ((arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL && arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_CONTAINER) || cg_is_empty_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, i->control_group, false) == 0))) {
+             ((arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL && arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE) || cg_is_empty_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, i->control_group, false) == 0))) {
                 unsigned c;
 
                 printf("   CGroup: %s\n", i->control_group);
 
-                if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL || arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_CONTAINER) {
+                if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL || arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE) {
                         unsigned k = 0;
                         pid_t extra[2];
                         static const char prefix[] = "           ";
@@ -3571,10 +3517,7 @@ static void print_status_info(
         }
 
         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
-                printf("\n%sWarning:%s Unit file changed on disk, 'systemctl %sdaemon-reload' recommended.\n",
-                       ansi_highlight_red(),
-                       ansi_highlight_off(),
-                       arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "" : "--user ");
+                warn_unit_file_changed(i->id);
 }
 
 static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
@@ -3649,6 +3592,8 @@ static int status_property(const char *name, sd_bus_message *m, UnitStatusInfo *
                                 i->following = s;
                         else if (streq(name, "UnitFileState"))
                                 i->unit_file_state = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "UnitFilePreset"))
+                                i->unit_file_preset = s;
                         else if (streq(name, "Result"))
                                 i->result = s;
                 }
@@ -3669,6 +3614,8 @@ static int status_property(const char *name, sd_bus_message *m, UnitStatusInfo *
                         i->need_daemon_reload = b;
                 else if (streq(name, "ConditionResult"))
                         i->condition_result = b;
+                else if (streq(name, "AssertResult"))
+                        i->assert_result = b;
 
                 break;
         }
@@ -3738,6 +3685,8 @@ static int status_property(const char *name, sd_bus_message *m, UnitStatusInfo *
                         i->active_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
                 else if (streq(name, "ConditionTimestamp"))
                         i->condition_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "AssertTimestamp"))
+                        i->assert_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
 
                 break;
         }
@@ -3830,7 +3779,32 @@ static int status_property(const char *name, sd_bus_message *m, UnitStatusInfo *
                                         i->failed_condition = cond;
                                         i->failed_condition_trigger = trigger;
                                         i->failed_condition_negate = negate;
-                                        i->failed_condition_param = param;
+                                        i->failed_condition_parameter = param;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "Asserts")) {
+                        const char *cond, *param;
+                        int trigger, negate;
+                        int32_t state;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sbbsi)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(sbbsi)", &cond, &trigger, &negate, &param, &state)) > 0) {
+                                log_debug("%s %d %d %s %d", cond, trigger, negate, param, state);
+                                if (state < 0 && (!trigger || !i->failed_assert)) {
+                                        i->failed_assert = cond;
+                                        i->failed_assert_trigger = trigger;
+                                        i->failed_assert_negate = negate;
+                                        i->failed_assert_parameter = param;
                                 }
                         }
                         if (r < 0)
@@ -4377,10 +4351,8 @@ static int show_system_status(sd_bus *bus) {
                 return log_oom();
 
         r = bus_map_all_properties(bus, "org.freedesktop.systemd1", "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", machine_info_property_map, &mi);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to read server status: %s", strerror(-r));
-                return r;
-        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read server status: %m");
 
         if (streq_ptr(mi.state, "degraded")) {
                 on = ansi_highlight_red();
@@ -4404,7 +4376,7 @@ static int show_system_status(sd_bus *bus) {
                format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), mi.timestamp));
 
         printf("   CGroup: %s\n", mi.control_group ?: "/");
-        if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL || arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_CONTAINER) {
+        if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL || arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE) {
                 int flags =
                         arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
                         (!on_tty() || pager_have()) * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
@@ -4497,7 +4469,7 @@ static int show(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
 
                         r = expand_names(bus, patterns, NULL, &names);
                         if (r < 0)
-                                log_error("Failed to expand names: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
 
                         STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
                                 _cleanup_free_ char *unit;
@@ -4522,58 +4494,71 @@ static int show(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
         return ret;
 }
 
+static int init_home_and_lookup_paths(char **user_home, char **user_runtime, LookupPaths *lp) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(user_home);
+        assert(user_runtime);
+        assert(lp);
+
+        if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_USER) {
+                r = user_config_home(user_home);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query XDG_CONFIG_HOME: %m");
+                else if (r == 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(ENOTDIR, "Cannot find units: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME and $HOME are not set.");
+
+                r = user_runtime_dir(user_runtime);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query XDG_CONFIG_HOME: %m");
+                else if (r == 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(ENOTDIR, "Cannot find units: $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set.");
+        }
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(lp,
+                              arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? SYSTEMD_SYSTEM : SYSTEMD_USER,
+                              arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_USER,
+                              arg_root,
+                              NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to lookup unit lookup paths: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int cat(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *user_home = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *user_runtime = NULL;
+        _cleanup_lookup_paths_free_ LookupPaths lp = {};
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
         char **name;
-        bool first = true;
+        bool first = true, avoid_bus_cache;
         int r = 0;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
+        r = init_home_and_lookup_paths(&user_home, &user_runtime, &lp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
         r = expand_names(bus, args + 1, NULL, &names);
         if (r < 0)
-                log_error("Failed to expand names: %s", strerror(-r));
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
+
+        avoid_bus_cache = !bus || avoid_bus();
 
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
-                _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *fragment_path = NULL;
                 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **dropin_paths = NULL;
-                _cleanup_free_ char *fragment_path = NULL, *unit = NULL;
                 char **path;
 
-                unit = unit_dbus_path_from_name(*name);
-                if (!unit)
-                        return log_oom();
-
-                if (need_daemon_reload(bus, *name) > 0)
-                        log_warning("Unit file of %s changed on disk. Run 'systemctl%s daemon-reload'.",
-                                    *name, arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "" : " --user");
-
-                r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
-                                bus,
-                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                unit,
-                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
-                                "FragmentPath",
-                                &error,
-                                &fragment_path);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_warning("Failed to get FragmentPath: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
-                        continue;
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_get_property_strv(
-                                bus,
-                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                unit,
-                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
-                                "DropInPaths",
-                                &error,
-                                &dropin_paths);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_warning("Failed to get DropInPaths: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                r = unit_find_paths(bus, *name, avoid_bus_cache, &lp, &fragment_path, &dropin_paths);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                else if (r == 0) {
+                        log_warning("Unit %s does not have any files on disk", *name);
                         continue;
                 }
 
@@ -4582,16 +4567,16 @@ static int cat(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                 else
                         puts("");
 
-                if (!isempty(fragment_path)) {
+                if (fragment_path) {
                         printf("%s# %s%s\n",
                                ansi_highlight_blue(),
                                fragment_path,
                                ansi_highlight_off());
                         fflush(stdout);
 
-                        r = sendfile_full(STDOUT_FILENO, fragment_path);
+                        r = copy_file_fd(fragment_path, STDOUT_FILENO, false);
                         if (r < 0) {
-                                log_warning("Failed to cat %s: %s", fragment_path, strerror(-r));
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to cat %s: %m", fragment_path);
                                 continue;
                         }
                 }
@@ -4604,9 +4589,9 @@ static int cat(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                                ansi_highlight_off());
                         fflush(stdout);
 
-                        r = sendfile_full(STDOUT_FILENO, *path);
+                        r = copy_file_fd(*path, STDOUT_FILENO, false);
                         if (r < 0) {
-                                log_warning("Failed to cat %s: %s", *path, strerror(-r));
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to cat %s: %m", *path);
                                 continue;
                         }
                 }
@@ -4746,7 +4731,7 @@ static int delete_snapshot(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
 
         r = expand_names(bus, args + 1, ".snapshot", &names);
         if (r < 0)
-                log_error("Failed to expand names: %s", strerror(-r));
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
                 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
@@ -4847,7 +4832,7 @@ static int reset_failed(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
 
         r = expand_names(bus, args + 1, NULL, &names);
         if (r < 0)
-                log_error("Failed to expand names: %s", strerror(-r));
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
                 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
@@ -4941,7 +4926,7 @@ static int switch_root(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                                    "init", &cmdline_init,
                                    NULL);
                 if (r < 0)
-                        log_debug("Failed to parse /proc/cmdline: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse /proc/cmdline: %m");
 
                 init = cmdline_init;
         }
@@ -5091,7 +5076,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(const char *verb, char **args) {
         int r = 0;
 
 #if defined(HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT) && defined(HAVE_CHKCONFIG)
-        unsigned f = 1, t = 1;
+        unsigned f = 0;
         _cleanup_lookup_paths_free_ LookupPaths paths = {};
 
         if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM)
@@ -5110,7 +5095,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(const char *verb, char **args) {
                 return r;
 
         r = 0;
-        for (f = 0; args[f]; f++) {
+        while (args[f]) {
                 const char *name;
                 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *l = NULL;
                 bool found_native = false, found_sysv;
@@ -5121,7 +5106,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(const char *verb, char **args) {
                 pid_t pid;
                 siginfo_t status;
 
-                name = args[f];
+                name = args[f++];
 
                 if (!endswith(name, ".service"))
                         continue;
@@ -5153,9 +5138,6 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(const char *verb, char **args) {
                 if (!found_sysv)
                         continue;
 
-                /* Mark this entry, so that we don't try enabling it as native unit */
-                args[f] = (char*) "";
-
                 log_info("%s is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.", name);
 
                 if (!isempty(arg_root))
@@ -5174,10 +5156,9 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(const char *verb, char **args) {
                 log_info("Executing %s", l);
 
                 pid = fork();
-                if (pid < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
-                        return -errno;
-                } else if (pid == 0) {
+                if (pid < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
+                else if (pid == 0) {
                         /* Child */
 
                         execv(argv[0], (char**) argv);
@@ -5186,7 +5167,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(const char *verb, char **args) {
 
                 j = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
                 if (j < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to wait for child: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for child: %m");
                         return j;
                 }
 
@@ -5205,19 +5186,14 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(const char *verb, char **args) {
                                 return -EINVAL;
                 } else
                         return -EPROTO;
-        }
-
-        /* Drop all SysV units */
-        for (f = 0, t = 0; args[f]; f++) {
 
-                if (isempty(args[f]))
-                        continue;
-
-                args[t++] = args[f];
+                /* Remove this entry, so that we don't try enabling it as native unit */
+                assert(f > 0);
+                f--;
+                assert(args[f] == name);
+                strv_remove(args, name);
         }
 
-        args[t] = NULL;
-
 #endif
         return r;
 }
@@ -5300,7 +5276,7 @@ static int enable_unit(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                         assert_not_reached("Unknown verb");
 
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Operation failed: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Operation failed: %m");
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -5389,7 +5365,7 @@ static int enable_unit(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                                 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
                 }
 
-                r = deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply);
+                r = bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply, arg_quiet);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -5448,10 +5424,8 @@ static int add_dependency(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
 
                 r = unit_file_add_dependency(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, names, target, dep, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
 
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Can't add dependency: %s", strerror(-r));
-                        return r;
-                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Can't add dependency: %m");
 
                 if (!arg_quiet)
                         dump_unit_file_changes(changes, n_changes);
@@ -5490,7 +5464,7 @@ static int add_dependency(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                         return r;
                 }
 
-                r = deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply);
+                r = bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply, arg_quiet);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -5512,7 +5486,7 @@ static int preset_all(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
 
                 r = unit_file_preset_all(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, arg_preset_mode, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Operation failed: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Operation failed: %m");
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -5554,7 +5528,7 @@ static int preset_all(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                         return r;
                 }
 
-                r = deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply);
+                r = bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply, arg_quiet);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -5594,14 +5568,13 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                         UnitFileState state;
 
                         state = unit_file_get_state(arg_scope, arg_root, *name);
-                        if (state < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to get unit file state for %s: %s", *name, strerror(-state));
-                                return state;
-                        }
+                        if (state < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(state, "Failed to get unit file state for %s: %m", *name);
 
                         if (state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED ||
                             state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED_RUNTIME ||
-                            state == UNIT_FILE_STATIC)
+                            state == UNIT_FILE_STATIC ||
+                            state == UNIT_FILE_INDIRECT)
                                 enabled = true;
 
                         if (!arg_quiet)
@@ -5631,9 +5604,7 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
 
-                        if (streq(s, "enabled") ||
-                            streq(s, "enabled-runtime") ||
-                            streq(s, "static"))
+                        if (STR_IN_SET(s, "enabled", "enabled-runtime", "static", "indirect"))
                                 enabled = true;
 
                         if (!arg_quiet)
@@ -5668,6 +5639,344 @@ static int is_system_running(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
         return streq(state, "running") ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
 }
 
+static int create_edit_temp_file(const char *new_path, const char *original_path, char **ret_tmp_fn) {
+        char *t;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(new_path);
+        assert(original_path);
+        assert(ret_tmp_fn);
+
+        r = tempfn_random(new_path, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine temporary filename for %s: %m", new_path);
+
+        r = mkdir_parents(new_path, 0755);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create directories for %s: %m", new_path);
+                free(t);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        r = copy_file(original_path, t, 0, 0644);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                r = touch(t);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create temporary file %s: %m", t);
+                        free(t);
+                        return r;
+                }
+        } else if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy %s to %s: %m", original_path, t);
+                free(t);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret_tmp_fn = t;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_file_to_edit(const char *name, const char *user_home, const char *user_runtime, char **ret_path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *path2 = NULL, *run = NULL;
+
+        switch (arg_scope) {
+                case UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM:
+                        path = path_join(arg_root, SYSTEM_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH, name);
+                        if (arg_runtime)
+                                run = path_join(arg_root, "/run/systemd/system/", name);
+                        break;
+                case UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL:
+                        path = path_join(arg_root, USER_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH, name);
+                        if (arg_runtime)
+                                run = path_join(arg_root, "/run/systemd/user/", name);
+                        break;
+                case UNIT_FILE_USER:
+                        assert(user_home);
+                        assert(user_runtime);
+
+                        path = path_join(arg_root, user_home, name);
+                        if (arg_runtime) {
+                                path2 = path_join(arg_root, USER_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH, name);
+                                if (!path2)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                                run = path_join(arg_root, user_runtime, name);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Invalid scope");
+        }
+        if (!path || (arg_runtime && !run))
+                return log_oom();
+
+        if (arg_runtime) {
+                if (access(path, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(EEXIST, "Refusing to create \"%s\" because it would be overriden by \"%s\" anyway.",
+                                               run, path);
+                if (path2 && access(path2, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(EEXIST, "Refusing to create \"%s\" because it would be overriden by \"%s\" anyway.",
+                                               run, path2);
+                *ret_path = run;
+                run = NULL;
+        } else {
+                *ret_path = path;
+                path = NULL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int unit_file_create_dropin(const char *unit_name, const char *user_home, const char *user_runtime, char **ret_new_path, char **ret_tmp_path) {
+        char *tmp_new_path, *ending;
+        char *tmp_tmp_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(unit_name);
+        assert(ret_new_path);
+        assert(ret_tmp_path);
+
+        ending = strappenda(unit_name, ".d/override.conf");
+        r = get_file_to_edit(ending, user_home, user_runtime, &tmp_new_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = create_edit_temp_file(tmp_new_path, tmp_new_path, &tmp_tmp_path);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                free(tmp_new_path);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret_new_path = tmp_new_path;
+        *ret_tmp_path = tmp_tmp_path;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int unit_file_create_copy(const char *unit_name,
+                                 const char *fragment_path,
+                                 const char *user_home,
+                                 const char *user_runtime,
+                                 char **ret_new_path,
+                                 char **ret_tmp_path) {
+        char *tmp_new_path;
+        char *tmp_tmp_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fragment_path);
+        assert(unit_name);
+        assert(ret_new_path);
+        assert(ret_tmp_path);
+
+        r = get_file_to_edit(unit_name, user_home, user_runtime, &tmp_new_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!path_equal(fragment_path, tmp_new_path) && access(tmp_new_path, F_OK) == 0) {
+                char response;
+
+                r = ask_char(&response, "yn", "%s already exists, are you sure to overwrite it with %s? [(y)es, (n)o] ", tmp_new_path, fragment_path);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        free(tmp_new_path);
+                        return r;
+                }
+                if (response != 'y') {
+                        log_warning("%s ignored", unit_name);
+                        free(tmp_new_path);
+                        return -1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = create_edit_temp_file(tmp_new_path, fragment_path, &tmp_tmp_path);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create temporary file for %s: %m", tmp_new_path);
+                free(tmp_new_path);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret_new_path = tmp_new_path;
+        *ret_tmp_path = tmp_tmp_path;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int run_editor(char **paths) {
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(paths);
+
+        pid = fork();
+        if (pid < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (pid == 0) {
+                const char **args;
+                char **backup_editors = STRV_MAKE("nano", "vim", "vi");
+                char *editor;
+                char **tmp_path, **original_path, **p;
+                unsigned i = 1;
+                size_t argc;
+
+                argc = strv_length(paths)/2 + 1;
+                args = newa(const char*, argc + 1);
+
+                args[0] = NULL;
+                STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(original_path, tmp_path, paths) {
+                        args[i] = *tmp_path;
+                        i++;
+                }
+                args[argc] = NULL;
+
+                /* SYSTEMD_EDITOR takes precedence over EDITOR which takes precedence over VISUAL
+                 * If neither SYSTEMD_EDITOR nor EDITOR nor VISUAL are present,
+                 * we try to execute well known editors
+                 */
+                editor = getenv("SYSTEMD_EDITOR");
+                if (!editor)
+                        editor = getenv("EDITOR");
+                if (!editor)
+                        editor = getenv("VISUAL");
+
+                if (!isempty(editor)) {
+                        args[0] = editor;
+                        execvp(editor, (char* const*) args);
+                }
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(p, backup_editors) {
+                        args[0] = *p;
+                        execvp(*p, (char* const*) args);
+                        /* We do not fail if the editor doesn't exist
+                         * because we want to try each one of them before
+                         * failing.
+                         */
+                        if (errno != ENOENT) {
+                                log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", editor);
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        }
+                }
+
+                log_error("Cannot edit unit(s), no editor available. Please set either $SYSTEMD_EDITOR or $EDITOR or $VISUAL.");
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        r = wait_for_terminate_and_warn("editor", pid, true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for child: %m");
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int find_paths_to_edit(sd_bus *bus, char **names, char ***paths) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *user_home = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *user_runtime = NULL;
+        _cleanup_lookup_paths_free_ LookupPaths lp = {};
+        bool avoid_bus_cache;
+        char **name;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(names);
+        assert(paths);
+
+        r = init_home_and_lookup_paths(&user_home, &user_runtime, &lp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        avoid_bus_cache = !bus || avoid_bus();
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+                char *new_path, *tmp_path;
+
+                r = unit_find_paths(bus, *name, avoid_bus_cache, &lp, &path, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                else if (r == 0 || !path)
+                        // FIXME: support units with path==NULL (no FragmentPath)
+                        return log_error_errno(ENOENT, "Unit %s not found, cannot edit.", *name);
+
+                if (arg_full)
+                        r = unit_file_create_copy(*name, path, user_home, user_runtime, &new_path, &tmp_path);
+                else
+                        r = unit_file_create_dropin(*name, user_home, user_runtime, &new_path, &tmp_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = strv_push_pair(paths, new_path, tmp_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int edit(sd_bus *bus, char **args) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **paths = NULL;
+        char **original, **tmp;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(args);
+
+        if (!on_tty()) {
+                log_error("Cannot edit units if we are not on a tty");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) {
+                log_error("Cannot remotely edit units");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        r = expand_names(bus, args + 1, NULL, &names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
+
+        if (!names) {
+                log_error("No unit name found by expanding names");
+                return -ENOENT;
+        }
+
+        r = find_paths_to_edit(bus, names, &paths);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (strv_isempty(paths)) {
+                log_error("Cannot find any units to edit");
+                return -ENOENT;
+        }
+
+        r = run_editor(paths);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto end;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(original, tmp, paths) {
+                /* If the temporary file is empty we ignore it.
+                 * It's useful if the user wants to cancel its modification
+                 */
+                if (null_or_empty_path(*tmp)) {
+                        log_warning("Edition of %s canceled: temporary file empty", *original);
+                        continue;
+                }
+                r = rename(*tmp, *original);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to rename %s to %s: %m", *tmp, *original);
+                        goto end;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_reload && bus && !avoid_bus())
+                r = daemon_reload(bus, args);
+
+end:
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(original, tmp, paths)
+                unlink_noerrno(*tmp);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
 static void systemctl_help(void) {
 
         pager_open_if_enabled();
@@ -5765,7 +6074,9 @@ static void systemctl_help(void) {
                "  add-requires TARGET NAME...     Add 'Requires' dependency for the target\n"
                "                                  on specified one or more units\n"
                "  get-default                     Get the name of the default target\n"
-               "  set-default NAME                Set the default target\n\n"
+               "  set-default NAME                Set the default target\n"
+               "  edit NAME...                    Edit one or more unit files\n"
+               "\n"
                "Machine Commands:\n"
                "  list-machines [PATTERN...]      List local containers and host\n\n"
                "Job Commands:\n"
@@ -6146,7 +6457,7 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case 'M':
-                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_CONTAINER;
+                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE;
                         arg_host = optarg;
                         break;
 
@@ -6390,7 +6701,7 @@ static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         assert(argc >= 0);
         assert(argv);
 
-        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkt:afFc", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkKt:afFc", options, NULL)) >= 0)
                 switch (c) {
 
                 case ARG_HELP:
@@ -6431,6 +6742,8 @@ static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case 't':
                 case 'a':
+                case 'f':
+                case 'F':
                         /* Compatibility nops */
                         break;
 
@@ -6681,16 +6994,13 @@ static int talk_initctl(void) {
                 if (errno == ENOENT)
                         return 0;
 
-                log_error("Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
+                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
                 return -errno;
         }
 
-        errno = 0;
-        r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false) != sizeof(request);
-        if (r) {
-                log_error("Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
-                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
-        }
+        r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
 
         return 1;
 }
@@ -6736,7 +7046,7 @@ static int systemctl_main(sd_bus *bus, int argc, char *argv[], int bus_error) {
                 { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit_active },
                 { "is-failed",             MORE,  2, check_unit_failed },
                 { "show",                  MORE,  1, show              },
-                { "cat",                   MORE,  2, cat               },
+                { "cat",                   MORE,  2, cat,              NOBUS },
                 { "status",                MORE,  1, show              },
                 { "help",                  MORE,  2, show              },
                 { "snapshot",              LESS,  2, snapshot          },
@@ -6774,8 +7084,9 @@ static int systemctl_main(sd_bus *bus, int argc, char *argv[], int bus_error) {
                 { "get-default",           EQUAL, 1, get_default,      NOBUS },
                 { "set-property",          MORE,  3, set_property      },
                 { "is-system-running",     EQUAL, 1, is_system_running },
-                { "add-wants",             MORE,  3, add_dependency,        NOBUS },
-                { "add-requires",          MORE,  3, add_dependency,        NOBUS },
+                { "add-wants",             MORE,  3, add_dependency,   NOBUS },
+                { "add-requires",          MORE,  3, add_dependency,   NOBUS },
+                { "edit",                  MORE,  2, edit,             NOBUS },
                 {}
         }, *verb = verbs;
 
@@ -6837,7 +7148,7 @@ found:
          * enable/disable */
         if (verb->bus == NOBUS) {
                 if (!bus && !avoid_bus()) {
-                        log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", strerror(-bus_error));
+                        log_error_errno(bus_error, "Failed to get D-Bus connection: %m");
                         return -EIO;
                 }
 
@@ -6848,7 +7159,7 @@ found:
                 }
 
                 if ((verb->bus != FORCE || arg_force <= 0) && !bus) {
-                        log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", strerror(-bus_error));
+                        log_error_errno(bus_error, "Failed to get D-Bus connection: %m");
                         return -EIO;
                 }
         }
@@ -6912,10 +7223,8 @@ static int reload_with_fallback(sd_bus *bus) {
         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
         assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
 
-        if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0) {
-                log_error("kill() failed: %m");
-                return -errno;
-        }
+        if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "kill() failed: %m");
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -6943,8 +7252,13 @@ done:
 
 static int halt_now(enum action a) {
 
-/* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
-         * point on... */
+        /* The kernel will automaticall flush ATA disks and suchlike
+         * on reboot(), but the file systems need to be synce'd
+         * explicitly in advance. */
+        sync();
+
+        /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this point
+         * on... */
         reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
 
         switch (a) {
@@ -7021,7 +7335,7 @@ static int halt_main(sd_bus *bus) {
                                    m);
 
                 if (r < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, proceeding with immediate shutdown: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to talk to shutdownd, proceeding with immediate shutdown: %m");
                 else {
                         char date[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
 
@@ -7040,7 +7354,7 @@ static int halt_main(sd_bus *bus) {
                 else {
                         r = utmp_put_shutdown();
                         if (r < 0)
-                                log_warning("Failed to write utmp record: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write utmp record: %m");
                 }
         }
 
@@ -7048,7 +7362,7 @@ static int halt_main(sd_bus *bus) {
                 return 0;
 
         r = halt_now(arg_action);
-        log_error("Failed to reboot: %s", strerror(-r));
+        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reboot: %m");
 
         return r;
 }
@@ -7146,7 +7460,7 @@ int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
 
                 r = send_shutdownd(arg_when, SD_SHUTDOWN_NONE, false, !arg_no_wall, m);
                 if (r < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, shutdown hasn't been cancelled: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to talk to shutdownd, shutdown hasn't been cancelled: %m");
                 break;
         }