chiark / gitweb /
util: rework cunescape(), improve error handling
[elogind.git] / src / shared / util.c
index 06bd1b9f04b4fdc4714d6c5d0ae7a872b5ecf93b..a8e485cc9c805f9647417fc23bbcf692cfc60c8a 100644 (file)
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <signal.h>
+#include <libintl.h>
+#include <locale.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <syslog.h>
 #include <sched.h>
 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
 #include <termios.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
-#include <sys/poll.h>
+#include <poll.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
 #include <netinet/ip.h>
 #include <linux/kd.h>
-#include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <glob.h>
 #include <locale.h>
 #include <sys/personality.h>
 #include <sys/xattr.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
+
+/* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
+ * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
+ * version which is really broken. */
+#include <libgen.h>
 #undef basename
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
 #include <sys/auxv.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "config.h"
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "ioprio.h"
 #include "missing.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "strv.h"
-#include "label.h"
 #include "mkdir.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "exit-status.h"
@@ -89,6 +94,9 @@
 #include "def.h"
 #include "sparse-endian.h"
 
+/* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
+assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
+
 int saved_argc = 0;
 char **saved_argv = NULL;
 
@@ -143,6 +151,27 @@ char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
         return (char*) s + sl - pl;
 }
 
+char* endswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
+        size_t sl, pl;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(postfix);
+
+        sl = strlen(s);
+        pl = strlen(postfix);
+
+        if (pl == 0)
+                return (char*) s + sl;
+
+        if (sl < pl)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strcasecmp(s + sl - pl, postfix) != 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return (char*) s + sl - pl;
+}
+
 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
         size_t sl, wl;
         const char *p;
@@ -506,18 +535,24 @@ int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
         char *x = NULL;
         double d = 0;
+        locale_t loc;
 
         assert(s);
         assert(ret_d);
 
-        RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
-                errno = 0;
-                d = strtod(s, &x);
-        }
+        loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
+        if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
+                return -errno;
 
-        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+        errno = 0;
+        d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
+                freelocale(loc);
                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+        }
 
+        freelocale(loc);
         *ret_d = (double) d;
         return 0;
 }
@@ -1333,12 +1368,132 @@ char *cescape(const char *s) {
         return r;
 }
 
-char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
+static int cunescape_one(const char *p, size_t length, char *ret) {
+        int r = 1;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(*p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 1)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        switch (p[0]) {
+
+        case 'a':
+                *ret = '\a';
+                break;
+        case 'b':
+                *ret = '\b';
+                break;
+        case 'f':
+                *ret = '\f';
+                break;
+        case 'n':
+                *ret = '\n';
+                break;
+        case 'r':
+                *ret = '\r';
+                break;
+        case 't':
+                *ret = '\t';
+                break;
+        case 'v':
+                *ret = '\v';
+                break;
+        case '\\':
+                *ret = '\\';
+                break;
+        case '"':
+                *ret = '"';
+                break;
+        case '\'':
+                *ret = '\'';
+                break;
+
+        case 's':
+                /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
+                *ret = ' ';
+                break;
+
+        case 'x': {
+                /* hexadecimal encoding */
+                int a, b;
+
+                if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 3)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                a = unhexchar(p[1]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unhexchar(p[2]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* don't allow NUL bytes */
+                if (a == 0 && b == 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *ret = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
+                r = 3;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case '0':
+        case '1':
+        case '2':
+        case '3':
+        case '4':
+        case '5':
+        case '6':
+        case '7': {
+                /* octal encoding */
+                int a, b, c, m;
+
+                if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 4)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                a = unoctchar(p[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unoctchar(p[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unoctchar(p[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* don't allow NUL bytes */
+                if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Don't allow bytes above 255 */
+                m = (a << 6) | (b << 3) | c;
+                if (m > 255)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *ret = (char) m;
+                r = 3;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
         char *r, *t;
         const char *f;
         size_t pl;
 
         assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
 
         /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
 
@@ -1346,130 +1501,61 @@ char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *pre
 
         r = new(char, pl+length+1);
         if (!r)
-                return NULL;
+                return -ENOMEM;
 
         if (prefix)
                 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
 
         for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
+                size_t remaining;
+                int k;
+
+                remaining = s + length - f;
+                assert(remaining > 0);
 
                 if (*f != '\\') {
+                        /* A literal literal, copy verbatim */
                         *(t++) = *f;
                         continue;
                 }
 
-                f++;
-
-                switch (*f) {
-
-                case 'a':
-                        *(t++) = '\a';
-                        break;
-                case 'b':
-                        *(t++) = '\b';
-                        break;
-                case 'f':
-                        *(t++) = '\f';
-                        break;
-                case 'n':
-                        *(t++) = '\n';
-                        break;
-                case 'r':
-                        *(t++) = '\r';
-                        break;
-                case 't':
-                        *(t++) = '\t';
-                        break;
-                case 'v':
-                        *(t++) = '\v';
-                        break;
-                case '\\':
-                        *(t++) = '\\';
-                        break;
-                case '"':
-                        *(t++) = '"';
-                        break;
-                case '\'':
-                        *(t++) = '\'';
-                        break;
-
-                case 's':
-                        /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
-                        *(t++) = ' ';
-                        break;
-
-                case 'x': {
-                        /* hexadecimal encoding */
-                        int a, b;
-
-                        a = unhexchar(f[1]);
-                        b = unhexchar(f[2]);
-
-                        if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
-                                /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
-                                *(t++) = '\\';
-                                *(t++) = 'x';
-                        } else {
-                                *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
-                                f += 2;
+                if (remaining == 1) {
+                        if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
+                                /* A trailing backslash, copy verbatim */
+                                *(t++) = *f;
+                                continue;
                         }
 
-                        break;
+                        return -EINVAL;
                 }
 
-                case '0':
-                case '1':
-                case '2':
-                case '3':
-                case '4':
-                case '5':
-                case '6':
-                case '7': {
-                        /* octal encoding */
-                        int a, b, c;
-
-                        a = unoctchar(f[0]);
-                        b = unoctchar(f[1]);
-                        c = unoctchar(f[2]);
-
-                        if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
+                k = cunescape_one(f + 1, remaining - 1, t);
+                if (k < 0) {
+                        if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
                                 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
                                 *(t++) = '\\';
-                                *(t++) = f[0];
-                        } else {
-                                *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
-                                f += 2;
+                                continue;
                         }
 
-                        break;
+                        return k;
                 }
 
-                case 0:
-                        /* premature end of string. */
-                        *(t++) = '\\';
-                        goto finish;
-
-                default:
-                        /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
-                        *(t++) = '\\';
-                        *(t++) = *f;
-                        break;
-                }
+                f += k;
+                t++;
         }
 
-finish:
         *t = 0;
-        return r;
-}
 
-char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
-        return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
+        *ret = r;
+        return t - r;
 }
 
-char *cunescape(const char *s) {
-        assert(s);
+int cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
+        return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL, flags, ret);
+}
 
-        return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
+int cunescape(const char *s, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
+        return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s), flags, ret);
 }
 
 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
@@ -1527,6 +1613,10 @@ _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
                 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
                 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
                 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
                 endswith(filename, ".swp");
 }
 
@@ -1669,6 +1759,7 @@ bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
 
 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
         static const char table[] =
+                "afs\0"
                 "cifs\0"
                 "smbfs\0"
                 "sshfs\0"
@@ -2305,6 +2396,17 @@ ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
         return n;
 }
 
+int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
+        if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
+                return -EIO;
+        return 0;
+}
+
 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
         const uint8_t *p = buf;
 
@@ -2559,8 +2661,9 @@ char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
 
 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
         static int have_syscall = -1;
-        int r, fd;
-        ssize_t k;
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        int r;
 
         /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
          * never block, and will always return some data from the
@@ -2595,22 +2698,14 @@ int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
                                 return -errno;
                 } else
                         /* too short read? */
-                        return -EIO;
+                        return -ENODATA;
         }
 
         fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
         if (fd < 0)
                 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
 
-        k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
-        safe_close(fd);
-
-        if (k < 0)
-                return (int) k;
-        if ((size_t) k != n)
-                return -EIO;
-
-        return 0;
+        return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, true);
 }
 
 void initialize_srand(void) {
@@ -2823,7 +2918,7 @@ int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
 
 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
         int k;
-        char *s;
+        char *s = NULL;
 
         k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
         if (k < 0)
@@ -2898,31 +2993,30 @@ int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
 
                 /* This is an ugly hack */
                 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
-                        asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                        if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr)) < 0)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                } else {
+                        /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
+                         * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
+                         * vaguely useful. */
 
-                /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
-                 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
-                 * vaguely useful. */
+                        b = strdup(fn + 5);
+                        if (!b)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+        } else {
+                if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
+                        p = s + 5;
+                else if (startswith(s, "../"))
+                        p = s + 3;
+                else
+                        p = s;
 
-                b = strdup(fn + 5);
-                goto finish;
+                b = strdup(p);
+                if (!b)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
         }
 
-        if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
-                p = s + 5;
-        else if (startswith(s, "../"))
-                p = s + 3;
-        else
-                p = s;
-
-        b = strdup(p);
-
-finish:
-        if (!b)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
         *r = b;
         if (_devnr)
                 *_devnr = devnr;
@@ -2930,101 +3024,14 @@ finish:
         return 0;
 }
 
-int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
-        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
-        int ret = 0;
-
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-
-        /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
-         * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
-
-        d = fdopendir(fd);
-        if (!d) {
-                safe_close(fd);
-
-                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
-        }
-
-        for (;;) {
-                struct dirent *de;
-                bool is_dir, keep_around;
-                struct stat st;
-                int r;
-
-                errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(d);
-                if (!de) {
-                        if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
-                                ret = -errno;
-                        return ret;
-                }
-
-                if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
-                        continue;
-
-                if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
-                    honour_sticky ||
-                    (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
-                        if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
-                                if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
-                                        ret = -errno;
-                                continue;
-                        }
-
-                        is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
-                        keep_around =
-                                honour_sticky &&
-                                (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
-                                (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
-                } else {
-                        is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
-                        keep_around = false;
-                }
-
-                if (is_dir) {
-                        int subdir_fd;
-
-                        /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
-                        if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
-                                continue;
-
-                        subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
-                                           O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
-                        if (subdir_fd < 0) {
-                                if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
-                                        ret = -errno;
-                                continue;
-                        }
-
-                        r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
-                        if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
-                                ret = r;
-
-                        if (!keep_around)
-                                if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
-                                        if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
-                                                ret = -errno;
-                                }
-
-                } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
-
-                        if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
-                                if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
-                                        ret = -errno;
-                        }
-                }
-        }
-}
-
-_pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
+bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
         assert(s);
 
         return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
                F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
 }
 
-int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
+int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd) {
         struct statfs s;
 
         if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
@@ -3033,114 +3040,6 @@ int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
         return is_temporary_fs(&s);
 }
 
-int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
-        struct statfs s;
-
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-
-        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
-                safe_close(fd);
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
-         * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
-         * non-state data */
-        if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
-                log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
-                safe_close(fd);
-                return -EPERM;
-        }
-
-        return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
-}
-
-static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
-        struct stat st;
-
-        assert(p);
-
-        if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return
-                (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
-                (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
-}
-
-static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
-        int fd, r;
-        struct statfs s;
-
-        assert(path);
-
-        /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
-         * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
-         * seriously broken system. */
-        if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
-                log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
-                return -EPERM;
-        }
-
-        fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
-        if (fd < 0) {
-
-                if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                if (!dangerous) {
-                        if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
-                                return -errno;
-
-                        if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
-                                log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
-                                return -EPERM;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
-                        if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
-                                return -errno;
-
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        if (!dangerous) {
-                if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
-                        safe_close(fd);
-                        return -errno;
-                }
-
-                if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
-                        log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
-                        safe_close(fd);
-                        return -EPERM;
-                }
-        }
-
-        r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
-        if (delete_root) {
-
-                if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                r = -errno;
-                }
-        }
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
-        return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
-}
-
-int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
-        return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
-}
-
 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
         assert(path);
 
@@ -3377,14 +3276,14 @@ char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
                 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
                 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
                         char *e;
-                        char **w, **m;
+                        char **w, **m = NULL;
                         unsigned q;
 
                         e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
                         if (e) {
                                 int r;
 
-                                r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
+                                r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
                                 if (r < 0) {
                                         ret[k] = NULL;
                                         strv_free(ret);
@@ -4037,10 +3936,10 @@ bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
         return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
 }
 
-static int do_execute(const char *directory, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
+static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
         _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
-        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
-        struct dirent *de;
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
+        char **directory;
 
         /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
          * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
@@ -4050,57 +3949,79 @@ static int do_execute(const char *directory, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
 
         assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
 
-        d = opendir(directory);
-        if (!d) {
-                if (errno == ENOENT)
-                        return 0;
-
-                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", directory);
-        }
-
         pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
         if (!pids)
                 return log_oom();
 
-        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
-                pid_t pid;
-                int r;
+        seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!seen)
+                return log_oom();
 
-                if (!dirent_is_file(de))
-                        continue;
+        STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
+                _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
+                struct dirent *de;
 
-                path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
-                if (!path)
-                        return log_oom();
+                d = opendir(*directory);
+                if (!d) {
+                        if (errno == ENOENT)
+                                continue;
 
-                pid = fork();
-                if (pid < 0) {
-                        log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
-                        continue;
-                } else if (pid == 0) {
-                        char *_argv[2];
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
+                }
 
-                        assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
+                FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+                        pid_t pid;
+                        int r;
 
-                        if (!argv) {
-                                _argv[0] = path;
-                                _argv[1] = NULL;
-                                argv = _argv;
-                        } else
-                                argv[0] = path;
+                        if (!dirent_is_file(de))
+                                continue;
 
-                        execv(path, argv);
-                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
-                }
+                        if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
+                                log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
+                                continue;
+                        }
 
-                log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
+                        r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
 
-                r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return log_oom();
+                        path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
+                        if (!path)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
+                                log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
+                                continue;
+                        }
 
-                path = NULL;
+                        pid = fork();
+                        if (pid < 0) {
+                                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
+                                continue;
+                        } else if (pid == 0) {
+                                char *_argv[2];
+
+                                assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
+
+                                if (!argv) {
+                                        _argv[0] = path;
+                                        _argv[1] = NULL;
+                                        argv = _argv;
+                                } else
+                                        argv[0] = path;
+
+                                execv(path, argv);
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
+                        }
+
+                        log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
+
+                        r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        path = NULL;
+                }
         }
 
         /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
@@ -4126,14 +4047,21 @@ static int do_execute(const char *directory, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-void execute_directory(const char *directory, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
+void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
         pid_t executor_pid;
         int r;
+        char *name;
+        char **dirs = (char**) directories;
 
-        assert(directory);
+        assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
 
-        /* Executes all binaries in the directory in parallel and waits
-         * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
+        name = basename(dirs[0]);
+        assert(!isempty(name));
+
+        /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
+         * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
+         * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
+         * earliest one wins. */
 
         executor_pid = fork();
         if (executor_pid < 0) {
@@ -4141,11 +4069,11 @@ void execute_directory(const char *directory, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
                 return;
 
         } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
-                r = do_execute(directory, timeout, argv);
+                r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
                 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
         }
 
-        wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid, true);
+        wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
 }
 
 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
@@ -4202,6 +4130,11 @@ bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
         if (isempty(s))
                 return false;
 
+        /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
+         * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
+         * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
+         * HOST_NAME_MAX. */
+
         for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
                 if (*p == '.') {
                         if (dot)
@@ -4262,24 +4195,7 @@ bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
          * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
          * limitation. */
 
-        if (strlen(s) > 64)
-                return false;
-
-        return true;
-}
-
-bool image_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
-        if (!filename_is_valid(s))
-                return false;
-
-        if (string_has_cc(s, NULL))
-                return false;
-
-        if (!utf8_is_valid(s))
-                return false;
-
-        /* Temporary files for atomically creating new files */
-        if (startswith(s, ".#"))
+        if (strlen(s) > 64)
                 return false;
 
         return true;
@@ -5433,25 +5349,56 @@ int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
         return r;
 }
 
-bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
-        assert(url);
+bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
+        if (isempty(etag))
+                return false;
 
-        if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
-                return true;
+        if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
+                return false;
 
-        if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
-                return true;
+        if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
+                return false;
 
-        if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
-                return true;
+        return true;
+}
 
-        if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
-                return true;
+bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        if (isempty(url))
+                return false;
+
+        p = startswith(url, "http://");
+        if (!p)
+                p = startswith(url, "https://");
+        if (!p)
+                return false;
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        return ascii_is_valid(p);
+}
+
+bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
+        const char *p;
 
-        if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
+        if (isempty(url))
+                return false;
+
+        if (http_url_is_valid(url))
                 return true;
 
-        return false;
+        p = startswith(url, "file:/");
+        if (!p)
+                p = startswith(url, "info:");
+        if (!p)
+                p = startswith(url, "man:");
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        return ascii_is_valid(p);
 }
 
 bool in_initrd(void) {
@@ -5713,6 +5660,11 @@ void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
         return NULL;
 }
 
+void init_gettext(void) {
+        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+        textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
+}
+
 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
         const char *set;
         static int cached_answer = -1;
@@ -5924,7 +5876,7 @@ int on_ac_power(void) {
 
         d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
         if (!d)
-                return -errno;
+                return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
 
         for (;;) {
                 struct dirent *de;
@@ -6302,7 +6254,7 @@ int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
                 char *value = NULL;
 
-                r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
+                r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
                 if (r == 0)
@@ -6342,7 +6294,7 @@ int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
                 const char *e;
 
-                r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
+                r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
                 if (r == 0)
@@ -6387,7 +6339,7 @@ int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
         assert(machine);
         assert(pid);
 
-        p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
+        p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
         r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
         if (r == -ENOENT)
                 return -EHOSTDOWN;
@@ -6589,7 +6541,7 @@ int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
 
         if (isempty(s)) {
                 free(s);
-                return -ENOTSUP;
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
         }
 
         *ret = s;
@@ -6626,7 +6578,7 @@ int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
 #endif
 
         /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
-        p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
+        p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
 
         fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
         if (fd < 0)
@@ -6714,23 +6666,6 @@ uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
         return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
 }
 
-char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
-
-        struct mntent me = {
-                .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
-        };
-
-        assert(needle);
-
-        /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
-         * struct mntent */
-
-        if (!haystack)
-                return NULL;
-
-        return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
-}
-
 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
         const uint8_t *b = p;
         unsigned n = 0;
@@ -6832,9 +6767,9 @@ int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
                                 continue;
                         }
 
-                        p = cunescape(path);
-                        if (!p)
-                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
 
                         if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
                                 continue;
@@ -6934,9 +6869,9 @@ int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
                                 continue;
                         }
 
-                        p = cunescape(path);
-                        if (!p)
-                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
 
                         /* Let's ignore autofs mounts.  If they aren't
                          * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
@@ -7172,7 +7107,7 @@ int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
          * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
 
         if (root)
-                path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
+                path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
         else
                 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
 
@@ -7212,9 +7147,10 @@ int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
         return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
 }
 
-int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
+int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, UnquoteFlags flags) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
         size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
+        int r;
 
         enum {
                 START,
@@ -7272,7 +7208,7 @@ int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
 
                 case VALUE_ESCAPE:
                         if (c == 0) {
-                                if (relax)
+                                if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
                                         goto finish;
                                 return -EINVAL;
                         }
@@ -7280,6 +7216,14 @@ int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
                         if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
                                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+                        if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
+                                r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                                (*p) += r - 1;
+                        }
+
                         s[sz++] = c;
                         state = VALUE;
 
@@ -7287,7 +7231,7 @@ int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
 
                 case SINGLE_QUOTE:
                         if (c == 0) {
-                                if (relax)
+                                if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
                                         goto finish;
                                 return -EINVAL;
                         } else if (c == '\'')
@@ -7305,7 +7249,7 @@ int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
 
                 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
                         if (c == 0) {
-                                if (relax)
+                                if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
                                         goto finish;
                                 return -EINVAL;
                         }
@@ -7313,6 +7257,14 @@ int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
                         if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
                                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+                        if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
+                                r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                                (*p) += r - 1;
+                        }
+
                         s[sz++] = c;
                         state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
                         break;
@@ -7335,7 +7287,7 @@ int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
 
                 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
                         if (c == 0) {
-                                if (relax)
+                                if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
                                         goto finish;
                                 return -EINVAL;
                         }
@@ -7343,6 +7295,14 @@ int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
                         if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
                                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+                        if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
+                                r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                                (*p) += r - 1;
+                        }
+
                         s[sz++] = c;
                         state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
                         break;
@@ -7372,7 +7332,7 @@ finish:
         return 1;
 }
 
-int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
+int unquote_many_words(const char **p, UnquoteFlags flags, ...) {
         va_list ap;
         char **l;
         int n = 0, i, c, r;
@@ -7383,7 +7343,7 @@ int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
         assert(p);
 
         /* Count how many words are expected */
-        va_start(ap, p);
+        va_start(ap, flags);
         for (;;) {
                 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
                         break;
@@ -7398,7 +7358,7 @@ int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
         l = newa0(char*, n);
         for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
 
-                r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
+                r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], flags);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         int j;
 
@@ -7414,7 +7374,7 @@ int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
 
         /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
          * in parameters */
-        va_start(ap, p);
+        va_start(ap, flags);
         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                 char **v;
 
@@ -7675,83 +7635,58 @@ int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-int same_fd(int a, int b) {
-        struct stat sta, stb;
-        pid_t pid;
-        int r, fa, fb;
-
-        assert(a >= 0);
-        assert(b >= 0);
+int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, unsigned mask) {
+        unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
 
-        /* Compares two file descriptors. Note that semantics are
-         * quite different depending on whether we have kcmp() or we
-         * don't. If we have kcmp() this will only return true for
-         * dup()ed file descriptors, but not otherwise. If we don't
-         * have kcmp() this will also return true for two fds of the same
-         * file, created by separate open() calls. Since we use this
-         * call mostly for filtering out duplicates in the fd store
-         * this difference hopefully doesn't matter too much. */
+        assert(fd >= 0);
 
-        if (a == b)
-                return true;
+        if (mask == 0)
+                return 0;
 
-        /* Try to use kcmp() if we have it. */
-        pid = getpid();
-        r = kcmp(pid, pid, KCMP_FILE, a, b);
-        if (r == 0)
-                return true;
-        if (r > 0)
-                return false;
-        if (errno != ENOSYS)
+        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        /* We don't have kcmp(), use fstat() instead. */
-        if (fstat(a, &sta) < 0)
-                return -errno;
+        if (b)
+                new_attr = old_attr | mask;
+        else
+                new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
 
-        if (fstat(b, &stb) < 0)
-                return -errno;
+        if (new_attr == old_attr)
+                return 0;
 
-        if ((sta.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (stb.st_mode & S_IFMT))
-                return false;
+        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
+                return -errno;
 
-        /* We consider all device fds different, since two device fds
-         * might refer to quite different device contexts even though
-         * they share the same inode and backing dev_t. */
+        return 0;
+}
 
-        if (S_ISCHR(sta.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sta.st_mode))
-                return false;
+int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, unsigned mask) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
 
-        if (sta.st_dev != stb.st_dev || sta.st_ino != stb.st_ino)
-                return false;
+        assert(p);
 
-        /* The fds refer to the same inode on disk, let's also check
-         * if they have the same fd flags. This is useful to
-         * distuingish the read and write side of a pipe created with
-         * pipe(). */
-        fa = fcntl(a, F_GETFL);
-        if (fa < 0)
-                return -errno;
+        if (mask == 0)
+                return 0;
 
-        fb = fcntl(b, F_GETFL);
-        if (fb < 0)
+        fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (fd < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        return fa == fb;
+        return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);
 }
 
-int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, int mask) {
-        int old_attr, new_attr;
+int change_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
+        unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
 
         assert(fd >= 0);
 
+        if (mask == 0)
+                return 0;
+
         if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        if (b)
-                new_attr = old_attr | mask;
-        else
-                new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
+        new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) |(value & mask);
 
         if (new_attr == old_attr)
                 return 0;
@@ -7762,12 +7697,324 @@ int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, int mask) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, int mask) {
+int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
         _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
 
-        fd = open(p, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
         if (fd < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);
+        return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
+}
+
+int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /*
+         * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
+         * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
+         * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
+         * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
+         * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
+         * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
+         * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
+         * POSIX locks.
+         */
+
+        t = strdup(p);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                struct flock fl = {
+                        .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
+                        .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
+                };
+                struct stat st;
+
+                fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
+                if (r < 0) {
+
+                        /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
+                        if (errno == EINVAL)
+                                r = flock(fd, operation);
+
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
+                }
+
+                /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
+                 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
+                 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
+                 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
+                 * hence try again. */
+
+                r = fstat(fd, &st);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (st.st_nlink > 0)
+                        break;
+
+                fd = safe_close(fd);
+        }
+
+        ret->path = t;
+        ret->fd = fd;
+        ret->operation = operation;
+
+        fd = -1;
+        t = NULL;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
+        const char *fn;
+        char *t;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        fn = basename(p);
+        if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
+        stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
+
+        return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
+}
+
+void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (!f)
+                return;
+
+        if (f->path) {
+
+                /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
+                 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
+                 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
+
+                if (f->fd >= 0 &&
+                    (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
+                        static const struct flock fl = {
+                                .l_type = F_WRLCK,
+                                .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
+                        };
+
+                        r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
+                        if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+                                r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
+
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
+                }
+
+                if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
+                        unlink_noerrno(f->path);
+
+                free(f->path);
+                f->path = NULL;
+        }
+
+        f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
+        f->operation = 0;
+}
+
+static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        while (sz > 0) {
+                if (*p != 0)
+                        break;
+
+                n++;
+                p++;
+                sz--;
+        }
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
+        const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
+        ssize_t l;
+
+        q = w = p;
+        e = q + sz;
+        while (q < e) {
+                size_t n;
+
+                n = nul_length(q, e - q);
+
+                /* If there are more than the specified run length of
+                 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
+                 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
+                if ((n > run_length) ||
+                    (n > 0 && q == p) ||
+                    (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
+                        if (q > w) {
+                                l = write(fd, w, q - w);
+                                if (l < 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+                                if (l != q -w)
+                                        return -EIO;
+                        }
+
+                        if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        q += n;
+                        w = q;
+                } else if (n > 0)
+                        q += n;
+                else
+                        q ++;
+        }
+
+        if (q > w) {
+                l = write(fd, w, q - w);
+                if (l < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (l != q - w)
+                        return -EIO;
+        }
+
+        return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
+}
+
+void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
+        if (!pid)
+                return;
+        if (*pid <= 1)
+                return;
+
+        if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
+                (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
+}
+
+int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
+        int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
+        int k;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(*p);
+        assert(priority);
+
+        if ((*p)[0] != '<')
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
+                return 0;
+
+        if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
+                c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+                k = 3;
+        } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
+                b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+                c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
+                k = 4;
+        } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
+                a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+                b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
+                c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
+                k = 5;
+        } else
+                return 0;
+
+        if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
+            (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (with_facility)
+                *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
+        else
+                *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
+
+        *p += k;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
+        size_t i;
+
+        if (!key)
+                return -1;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+                if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
+                        return (ssize_t)i;
+
+        return -1;
+}
+
+void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
+        struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+
+        assert(mh);
+
+        for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(mh, cmsg))
+                if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
+                        close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
+}
+
+int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
+        struct stat buf;
+        int ret;
+
+        ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
+        if (ret >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
+         * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
+         * method. */
+        if (errno != EINVAL)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
+         * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
+         * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
+         * good enough. */
+        ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
+                ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
+                return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
+        }
+
+        /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
+        ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
+        if (ret < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+                /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
+                ret = errno;
+                (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);
+                errno = ret;
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
 }