chiark / gitweb /
Remove src/journal
[elogind.git] / src / journal / journal-file.c
diff --git a/src/journal/journal-file.c b/src/journal/journal-file.c
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 5a4e7cb..0000000
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3119 +0,0 @@
-/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
-
-/***
-  This file is part of systemd.
-
-  Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
-
-  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
-  (at your option) any later version.
-
-  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-***/
-
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/uio.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/statvfs.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <linux/fs.h>
-
-#include "btrfs-util.h"
-#include "journal-def.h"
-#include "journal-file.h"
-#include "journal-authenticate.h"
-#include "lookup3.h"
-#include "compress.h"
-
-#define DEFAULT_DATA_HASH_TABLE_SIZE (2047ULL*sizeof(HashItem))
-#define DEFAULT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE_SIZE (333ULL*sizeof(HashItem))
-
-#define COMPRESSION_SIZE_THRESHOLD (512ULL)
-
-/* This is the minimum journal file size */
-#define JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN (4ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)           /* 4 MiB */
-
-/* These are the lower and upper bounds if we deduce the max_use value
- * from the file system size */
-#define DEFAULT_MAX_USE_LOWER (1ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)           /* 1 MiB */
-#define DEFAULT_MAX_USE_UPPER (4ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)   /* 4 GiB */
-
-/* This is the upper bound if we deduce max_size from max_use */
-#define DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE_UPPER (128ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)        /* 128 MiB */
-
-/* This is the upper bound if we deduce the keep_free value from the
- * file system size */
-#define DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE_UPPER (4ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL) /* 4 GiB */
-
-/* This is the keep_free value when we can't determine the system
- * size */
-#define DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE (1024ULL*1024ULL)                    /* 1 MB */
-
-/* n_data was the first entry we added after the initial file format design */
-#define HEADER_SIZE_MIN ALIGN64(offsetof(Header, n_data))
-
-/* How many entries to keep in the entry array chain cache at max */
-#define CHAIN_CACHE_MAX 20
-
-/* How much to increase the journal file size at once each time we allocate something new. */
-#define FILE_SIZE_INCREASE (8ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)              /* 8MB */
-
-/* Reread fstat() of the file for detecting deletions at least this often */
-#define LAST_STAT_REFRESH_USEC (5*USEC_PER_SEC)
-
-/* The mmap context to use for the header we pick as one above the last defined typed */
-#define CONTEXT_HEADER _OBJECT_TYPE_MAX
-
-static int journal_file_set_online(JournalFile *f) {
-        assert(f);
-
-        if (!f->writable)
-                return -EPERM;
-
-        if (!(f->fd >= 0 && f->header))
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (mmap_cache_got_sigbus(f->mmap, f->fd))
-                return -EIO;
-
-        switch(f->header->state) {
-                case STATE_ONLINE:
-                        return 0;
-
-                case STATE_OFFLINE:
-                        f->header->state = STATE_ONLINE;
-                        fsync(f->fd);
-                        return 0;
-
-                default:
-                        return -EINVAL;
-        }
-}
-
-int journal_file_set_offline(JournalFile *f) {
-        assert(f);
-
-        if (!f->writable)
-                return -EPERM;
-
-        if (!(f->fd >= 0 && f->header))
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (f->header->state != STATE_ONLINE)
-                return 0;
-
-        fsync(f->fd);
-
-        if (mmap_cache_got_sigbus(f->mmap, f->fd))
-                return -EIO;
-
-        f->header->state = STATE_OFFLINE;
-
-        if (mmap_cache_got_sigbus(f->mmap, f->fd))
-                return -EIO;
-
-        fsync(f->fd);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-void journal_file_close(JournalFile *f) {
-        assert(f);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        /* Write the final tag */
-        if (f->seal && f->writable)
-                journal_file_append_tag(f);
-#endif
-
-        journal_file_set_offline(f);
-
-        if (f->mmap && f->fd >= 0)
-                mmap_cache_close_fd(f->mmap, f->fd);
-
-        if (f->fd >= 0 && f->defrag_on_close) {
-
-                /* Be friendly to btrfs: turn COW back on again now,
-                 * and defragment the file. We won't write to the file
-                 * ever again, hence remove all fragmentation, and
-                 * reenable all the good bits COW usually provides
-                 * (such as data checksumming). */
-
-                (void) chattr_fd(f->fd, false, FS_NOCOW_FL);
-                (void) btrfs_defrag_fd(f->fd);
-        }
-
-        safe_close(f->fd);
-        free(f->path);
-
-        if (f->mmap)
-                mmap_cache_unref(f->mmap);
-
-        ordered_hashmap_free_free(f->chain_cache);
-
-#if defined(HAVE_XZ) || defined(HAVE_LZ4)
-        free(f->compress_buffer);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        if (f->fss_file)
-                munmap(f->fss_file, PAGE_ALIGN(f->fss_file_size));
-        else if (f->fsprg_state)
-                free(f->fsprg_state);
-
-        free(f->fsprg_seed);
-
-        if (f->hmac)
-                gcry_md_close(f->hmac);
-#endif
-
-        free(f);
-}
-
-static int journal_file_init_header(JournalFile *f, JournalFile *template) {
-        Header h = {};
-        ssize_t k;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        memcpy(h.signature, HEADER_SIGNATURE, 8);
-        h.header_size = htole64(ALIGN64(sizeof(h)));
-
-        h.incompatible_flags |= htole32(
-                f->compress_xz * HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_COMPRESSED_XZ |
-                f->compress_lz4 * HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_COMPRESSED_LZ4);
-
-        h.compatible_flags = htole32(
-                f->seal * HEADER_COMPATIBLE_SEALED);
-
-        r = sd_id128_randomize(&h.file_id);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (template) {
-                h.seqnum_id = template->header->seqnum_id;
-                h.tail_entry_seqnum = template->header->tail_entry_seqnum;
-        } else
-                h.seqnum_id = h.file_id;
-
-        k = pwrite(f->fd, &h, sizeof(h), 0);
-        if (k < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (k != sizeof(h))
-                return -EIO;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_refresh_header(JournalFile *f) {
-        sd_id128_t boot_id;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&f->header->machine_id);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        r = sd_id128_get_boot(&boot_id);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (sd_id128_equal(boot_id, f->header->boot_id))
-                f->tail_entry_monotonic_valid = true;
-
-        f->header->boot_id = boot_id;
-
-        r = journal_file_set_online(f);
-
-        /* Sync the online state to disk */
-        fsync(f->fd);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_verify_header(JournalFile *f) {
-        uint32_t flags;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        if (memcmp(f->header->signature, HEADER_SIGNATURE, 8))
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        /* In both read and write mode we refuse to open files with
-         * incompatible flags we don't know */
-        flags = le32toh(f->header->incompatible_flags);
-        if (flags & ~HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_SUPPORTED) {
-                if (flags & ~HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_ANY)
-                        log_debug("Journal file %s has unknown incompatible flags %"PRIx32,
-                                  f->path, flags & ~HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_ANY);
-                flags = (flags & HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_ANY) & ~HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_SUPPORTED;
-                if (flags)
-                        log_debug("Journal file %s uses incompatible flags %"PRIx32
-                                  " disabled at compilation time.", f->path, flags);
-                return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
-        }
-
-        /* When open for writing we refuse to open files with
-         * compatible flags, too */
-        flags = le32toh(f->header->compatible_flags);
-        if (f->writable && (flags & ~HEADER_COMPATIBLE_SUPPORTED)) {
-                if (flags & ~HEADER_COMPATIBLE_ANY)
-                        log_debug("Journal file %s has unknown compatible flags %"PRIx32,
-                                  f->path, flags & ~HEADER_COMPATIBLE_ANY);
-                flags = (flags & HEADER_COMPATIBLE_ANY) & ~HEADER_COMPATIBLE_SUPPORTED;
-                if (flags)
-                        log_debug("Journal file %s uses compatible flags %"PRIx32
-                                  " disabled at compilation time.", f->path, flags);
-                return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
-        }
-
-        if (f->header->state >= _STATE_MAX)
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        /* The first addition was n_data, so check that we are at least this large */
-        if (le64toh(f->header->header_size) < HEADER_SIZE_MIN)
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header) && !JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_entry_arrays))
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        if ((le64toh(f->header->header_size) + le64toh(f->header->arena_size)) > (uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size)
-                return -ENODATA;
-
-        if (le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset) > (le64toh(f->header->header_size) + le64toh(f->header->arena_size)))
-                return -ENODATA;
-
-        if (!VALID64(le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_offset)) ||
-            !VALID64(le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_offset)) ||
-            !VALID64(le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset)) ||
-            !VALID64(le64toh(f->header->entry_array_offset)))
-                return -ENODATA;
-
-        if (f->writable) {
-                uint8_t state;
-                sd_id128_t machine_id;
-                int r;
-
-                r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine_id);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (!sd_id128_equal(machine_id, f->header->machine_id))
-                        return -EHOSTDOWN;
-
-                state = f->header->state;
-
-                if (state == STATE_ONLINE) {
-                        log_debug("Journal file %s is already online. Assuming unclean closing.", f->path);
-                        return -EBUSY;
-                } else if (state == STATE_ARCHIVED)
-                        return -ESHUTDOWN;
-                else if (state != STATE_OFFLINE) {
-                        log_debug("Journal file %s has unknown state %i.", f->path, state);
-                        return -EBUSY;
-                }
-        }
-
-        f->compress_xz = JOURNAL_HEADER_COMPRESSED_XZ(f->header);
-        f->compress_lz4 = JOURNAL_HEADER_COMPRESSED_LZ4(f->header);
-
-        f->seal = JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_fstat(JournalFile *f) {
-        assert(f);
-        assert(f->fd >= 0);
-
-        if (fstat(f->fd, &f->last_stat) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        f->last_stat_usec = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-
-        /* Refuse appending to files that are already deleted */
-        if (f->last_stat.st_nlink <= 0)
-                return -EIDRM;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_allocate(JournalFile *f, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size) {
-        uint64_t old_size, new_size;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        /* We assume that this file is not sparse, and we know that
-         * for sure, since we always call posix_fallocate()
-         * ourselves */
-
-        if (mmap_cache_got_sigbus(f->mmap, f->fd))
-                return -EIO;
-
-        old_size =
-                le64toh(f->header->header_size) +
-                le64toh(f->header->arena_size);
-
-        new_size = PAGE_ALIGN(offset + size);
-        if (new_size < le64toh(f->header->header_size))
-                new_size = le64toh(f->header->header_size);
-
-        if (new_size <= old_size) {
-
-                /* We already pre-allocated enough space, but before
-                 * we write to it, let's check with fstat() if the
-                 * file got deleted, in order make sure we don't throw
-                 * away the data immediately. Don't check fstat() for
-                 * all writes though, but only once ever 10s. */
-
-                if (f->last_stat_usec + LAST_STAT_REFRESH_USEC > now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC))
-                        return 0;
-
-                return journal_file_fstat(f);
-        }
-
-        /* Allocate more space. */
-
-        if (f->metrics.max_size > 0 && new_size > f->metrics.max_size)
-                return -E2BIG;
-
-        if (new_size > f->metrics.min_size && f->metrics.keep_free > 0) {
-                struct statvfs svfs;
-
-                if (fstatvfs(f->fd, &svfs) >= 0) {
-                        uint64_t available;
-
-                        available = svfs.f_bfree * svfs.f_bsize;
-
-                        if (available >= f->metrics.keep_free)
-                                available -= f->metrics.keep_free;
-                        else
-                                available = 0;
-
-                        if (new_size - old_size > available)
-                                return -E2BIG;
-                }
-        }
-
-        /* Increase by larger blocks at once */
-        new_size = ((new_size+FILE_SIZE_INCREASE-1) / FILE_SIZE_INCREASE) * FILE_SIZE_INCREASE;
-        if (f->metrics.max_size > 0 && new_size > f->metrics.max_size)
-                new_size = f->metrics.max_size;
-
-        /* Note that the glibc fallocate() fallback is very
-           inefficient, hence we try to minimize the allocation area
-           as we can. */
-        r = posix_fallocate(f->fd, old_size, new_size - old_size);
-        if (r != 0)
-                return -r;
-
-        f->header->arena_size = htole64(new_size - le64toh(f->header->header_size));
-
-        return journal_file_fstat(f);
-}
-
-static unsigned type_to_context(ObjectType type) {
-        /* One context for each type, plus one catch-all for the rest */
-        assert_cc(_OBJECT_TYPE_MAX <= MMAP_CACHE_MAX_CONTEXTS);
-        assert_cc(CONTEXT_HEADER < MMAP_CACHE_MAX_CONTEXTS);
-        return type > OBJECT_UNUSED && type < _OBJECT_TYPE_MAX ? type : 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_move_to(JournalFile *f, ObjectType type, bool keep_always, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, void **ret) {
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        if (size <= 0)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        /* Avoid SIGBUS on invalid accesses */
-        if (offset + size > (uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size) {
-                /* Hmm, out of range? Let's refresh the fstat() data
-                 * first, before we trust that check. */
-
-                r = journal_file_fstat(f);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (offset + size > (uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size)
-                        return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
-        }
-
-        return mmap_cache_get(f->mmap, f->fd, f->prot, type_to_context(type), keep_always, offset, size, &f->last_stat, ret);
-}
-
-static uint64_t minimum_header_size(Object *o) {
-
-        static const uint64_t table[] = {
-                [OBJECT_DATA] = sizeof(DataObject),
-                [OBJECT_FIELD] = sizeof(FieldObject),
-                [OBJECT_ENTRY] = sizeof(EntryObject),
-                [OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE] = sizeof(HashTableObject),
-                [OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE] = sizeof(HashTableObject),
-                [OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY] = sizeof(EntryArrayObject),
-                [OBJECT_TAG] = sizeof(TagObject),
-        };
-
-        if (o->object.type >= ELEMENTSOF(table) || table[o->object.type] <= 0)
-                return sizeof(ObjectHeader);
-
-        return table[o->object.type];
-}
-
-int journal_file_move_to_object(JournalFile *f, ObjectType type, uint64_t offset, Object **ret) {
-        int r;
-        void *t;
-        Object *o;
-        uint64_t s;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        /* Objects may only be located at multiple of 64 bit */
-        if (!VALID64(offset))
-                return -EFAULT;
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to(f, type, false, offset, sizeof(ObjectHeader), &t);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        o = (Object*) t;
-        s = le64toh(o->object.size);
-
-        if (s < sizeof(ObjectHeader))
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        if (o->object.type <= OBJECT_UNUSED)
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        if (s < minimum_header_size(o))
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        if (type > OBJECT_UNUSED && o->object.type != type)
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        if (s > sizeof(ObjectHeader)) {
-                r = journal_file_move_to(f, type, false, offset, s, &t);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                o = (Object*) t;
-        }
-
-        *ret = o;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static uint64_t journal_file_entry_seqnum(JournalFile *f, uint64_t *seqnum) {
-        uint64_t r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        r = le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_seqnum) + 1;
-
-        if (seqnum) {
-                /* If an external seqnum counter was passed, we update
-                 * both the local and the external one, and set it to
-                 * the maximum of both */
-
-                if (*seqnum + 1 > r)
-                        r = *seqnum + 1;
-
-                *seqnum = r;
-        }
-
-        f->header->tail_entry_seqnum = htole64(r);
-
-        if (f->header->head_entry_seqnum == 0)
-                f->header->head_entry_seqnum = htole64(r);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-int journal_file_append_object(JournalFile *f, ObjectType type, uint64_t size, Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-        int r;
-        uint64_t p;
-        Object *tail, *o;
-        void *t;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(type > OBJECT_UNUSED && type < _OBJECT_TYPE_MAX);
-        assert(size >= sizeof(ObjectHeader));
-        assert(offset);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        r = journal_file_set_online(f);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        p = le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset);
-        if (p == 0)
-                p = le64toh(f->header->header_size);
-        else {
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_UNUSED, p, &tail);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                p += ALIGN64(le64toh(tail->object.size));
-        }
-
-        r = journal_file_allocate(f, p, size);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to(f, type, false, p, size, &t);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        o = (Object*) t;
-
-        zero(o->object);
-        o->object.type = type;
-        o->object.size = htole64(size);
-
-        f->header->tail_object_offset = htole64(p);
-        f->header->n_objects = htole64(le64toh(f->header->n_objects) + 1);
-
-        *ret = o;
-        *offset = p;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_setup_data_hash_table(JournalFile *f) {
-        uint64_t s, p;
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        /* We estimate that we need 1 hash table entry per 768 of
-           journal file and we want to make sure we never get beyond
-           75% fill level. Calculate the hash table size for the
-           maximum file size based on these metrics. */
-
-        s = (f->metrics.max_size * 4 / 768 / 3) * sizeof(HashItem);
-        if (s < DEFAULT_DATA_HASH_TABLE_SIZE)
-                s = DEFAULT_DATA_HASH_TABLE_SIZE;
-
-        log_debug("Reserving %"PRIu64" entries in hash table.", s / sizeof(HashItem));
-
-        r = journal_file_append_object(f,
-                                       OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE,
-                                       offsetof(Object, hash_table.items) + s,
-                                       &o, &p);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        memzero(o->hash_table.items, s);
-
-        f->header->data_hash_table_offset = htole64(p + offsetof(Object, hash_table.items));
-        f->header->data_hash_table_size = htole64(s);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_setup_field_hash_table(JournalFile *f) {
-        uint64_t s, p;
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        /* We use a fixed size hash table for the fields as this
-         * number should grow very slowly only */
-
-        s = DEFAULT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE_SIZE;
-        r = journal_file_append_object(f,
-                                       OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE,
-                                       offsetof(Object, hash_table.items) + s,
-                                       &o, &p);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        memzero(o->hash_table.items, s);
-
-        f->header->field_hash_table_offset = htole64(p + offsetof(Object, hash_table.items));
-        f->header->field_hash_table_size = htole64(s);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_map_data_hash_table(JournalFile *f) {
-        uint64_t s, p;
-        void *t;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        p = le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_offset);
-        s = le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to(f,
-                                 OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE,
-                                 true,
-                                 p, s,
-                                 &t);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        f->data_hash_table = t;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_map_field_hash_table(JournalFile *f) {
-        uint64_t s, p;
-        void *t;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        p = le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_offset);
-        s = le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to(f,
-                                 OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE,
-                                 true,
-                                 p, s,
-                                 &t);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        f->field_hash_table = t;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_link_field(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                Object *o,
-                uint64_t offset,
-                uint64_t hash) {
-
-        uint64_t p, h, m;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(o);
-        assert(offset > 0);
-
-        if (o->object.type != OBJECT_FIELD)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        m = le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem);
-        if (m <= 0)
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        /* This might alter the window we are looking at */
-        o->field.next_hash_offset = o->field.head_data_offset = 0;
-
-        h = hash % m;
-        p = le64toh(f->field_hash_table[h].tail_hash_offset);
-        if (p == 0)
-                f->field_hash_table[h].head_hash_offset = htole64(offset);
-        else {
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_FIELD, p, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                o->field.next_hash_offset = htole64(offset);
-        }
-
-        f->field_hash_table[h].tail_hash_offset = htole64(offset);
-
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_fields))
-                f->header->n_fields = htole64(le64toh(f->header->n_fields) + 1);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_link_data(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                Object *o,
-                uint64_t offset,
-                uint64_t hash) {
-
-        uint64_t p, h, m;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(o);
-        assert(offset > 0);
-
-        if (o->object.type != OBJECT_DATA)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        m = le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem);
-        if (m <= 0)
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        /* This might alter the window we are looking at */
-        o->data.next_hash_offset = o->data.next_field_offset = 0;
-        o->data.entry_offset = o->data.entry_array_offset = 0;
-        o->data.n_entries = 0;
-
-        h = hash % m;
-        p = le64toh(f->data_hash_table[h].tail_hash_offset);
-        if (p == 0)
-                /* Only entry in the hash table is easy */
-                f->data_hash_table[h].head_hash_offset = htole64(offset);
-        else {
-                /* Move back to the previous data object, to patch in
-                 * pointer */
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                o->data.next_hash_offset = htole64(offset);
-        }
-
-        f->data_hash_table[h].tail_hash_offset = htole64(offset);
-
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_data))
-                f->header->n_data = htole64(le64toh(f->header->n_data) + 1);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int journal_file_find_field_object_with_hash(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                const void *field, uint64_t size, uint64_t hash,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        uint64_t p, osize, h, m;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(field && size > 0);
-
-        osize = offsetof(Object, field.payload) + size;
-
-        m = le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem);
-
-        if (m <= 0)
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        h = hash % m;
-        p = le64toh(f->field_hash_table[h].head_hash_offset);
-
-        while (p > 0) {
-                Object *o;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_FIELD, p, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (le64toh(o->field.hash) == hash &&
-                    le64toh(o->object.size) == osize &&
-                    memcmp(o->field.payload, field, size) == 0) {
-
-                        if (ret)
-                                *ret = o;
-                        if (offset)
-                                *offset = p;
-
-                        return 1;
-                }
-
-                p = le64toh(o->field.next_hash_offset);
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int journal_file_find_field_object(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                const void *field, uint64_t size,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        uint64_t hash;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(field && size > 0);
-
-        hash = hash64(field, size);
-
-        return journal_file_find_field_object_with_hash(f,
-                                                        field, size, hash,
-                                                        ret, offset);
-}
-
-int journal_file_find_data_object_with_hash(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                const void *data, uint64_t size, uint64_t hash,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        uint64_t p, osize, h, m;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(data || size == 0);
-
-        osize = offsetof(Object, data.payload) + size;
-
-        m = le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem);
-        if (m <= 0)
-                return -EBADMSG;
-
-        h = hash % m;
-        p = le64toh(f->data_hash_table[h].head_hash_offset);
-
-        while (p > 0) {
-                Object *o;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (le64toh(o->data.hash) != hash)
-                        goto next;
-
-                if (o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSION_MASK) {
-#if defined(HAVE_XZ) || defined(HAVE_LZ4)
-                        uint64_t l;
-                        size_t rsize = 0;
-
-                        l = le64toh(o->object.size);
-                        if (l <= offsetof(Object, data.payload))
-                                return -EBADMSG;
-
-                        l -= offsetof(Object, data.payload);
-
-                        r = decompress_blob(o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSION_MASK,
-                                            o->data.payload, l, &f->compress_buffer, &f->compress_buffer_size, &rsize, 0);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-
-                        if (rsize == size &&
-                            memcmp(f->compress_buffer, data, size) == 0) {
-
-                                if (ret)
-                                        *ret = o;
-
-                                if (offset)
-                                        *offset = p;
-
-                                return 1;
-                        }
-#else
-                        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
-#endif
-                } else if (le64toh(o->object.size) == osize &&
-                           memcmp(o->data.payload, data, size) == 0) {
-
-                        if (ret)
-                                *ret = o;
-
-                        if (offset)
-                                *offset = p;
-
-                        return 1;
-                }
-
-        next:
-                p = le64toh(o->data.next_hash_offset);
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int journal_file_find_data_object(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                const void *data, uint64_t size,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        uint64_t hash;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(data || size == 0);
-
-        hash = hash64(data, size);
-
-        return journal_file_find_data_object_with_hash(f,
-                                                       data, size, hash,
-                                                       ret, offset);
-}
-
-static int journal_file_append_field(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                const void *field, uint64_t size,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        uint64_t hash, p;
-        uint64_t osize;
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(field && size > 0);
-
-        hash = hash64(field, size);
-
-        r = journal_file_find_field_object_with_hash(f, field, size, hash, &o, &p);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-        else if (r > 0) {
-
-                if (ret)
-                        *ret = o;
-
-                if (offset)
-                        *offset = p;
-
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        osize = offsetof(Object, field.payload) + size;
-        r = journal_file_append_object(f, OBJECT_FIELD, osize, &o, &p);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        o->field.hash = htole64(hash);
-        memcpy(o->field.payload, field, size);
-
-        r = journal_file_link_field(f, o, p, hash);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        /* The linking might have altered the window, so let's
-         * refresh our pointer */
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_FIELD, p, &o);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_FIELD, o, p);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-#endif
-
-        if (ret)
-                *ret = o;
-
-        if (offset)
-                *offset = p;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_append_data(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                const void *data, uint64_t size,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        uint64_t hash, p;
-        uint64_t osize;
-        Object *o;
-        int r, compression = 0;
-        const void *eq;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(data || size == 0);
-
-        hash = hash64(data, size);
-
-        r = journal_file_find_data_object_with_hash(f, data, size, hash, &o, &p);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-        else if (r > 0) {
-
-                if (ret)
-                        *ret = o;
-
-                if (offset)
-                        *offset = p;
-
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        osize = offsetof(Object, data.payload) + size;
-        r = journal_file_append_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, osize, &o, &p);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        o->data.hash = htole64(hash);
-
-#if defined(HAVE_XZ) || defined(HAVE_LZ4)
-        if (f->compress_xz &&
-            size >= COMPRESSION_SIZE_THRESHOLD) {
-                size_t rsize = 0;
-
-                compression = compress_blob(data, size, o->data.payload, &rsize);
-
-                if (compression) {
-                        o->object.size = htole64(offsetof(Object, data.payload) + rsize);
-                        o->object.flags |= compression;
-
-                        log_debug("Compressed data object %"PRIu64" -> %zu using %s",
-                                  size, rsize, object_compressed_to_string(compression));
-                }
-        }
-#endif
-
-        if (!compression && size > 0)
-                memcpy(o->data.payload, data, size);
-
-        r = journal_file_link_data(f, o, p, hash);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        /* The linking might have altered the window, so let's
-         * refresh our pointer */
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p, &o);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (!data)
-                eq = NULL;
-        else
-                eq = memchr(data, '=', size);
-        if (eq && eq > data) {
-                Object *fo = NULL;
-                uint64_t fp;
-
-                /* Create field object ... */
-                r = journal_file_append_field(f, data, (uint8_t*) eq - (uint8_t*) data, &fo, &fp);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                /* ... and link it in. */
-                o->data.next_field_offset = fo->field.head_data_offset;
-                fo->field.head_data_offset = le64toh(p);
-        }
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, o, p);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-#endif
-
-        if (ret)
-                *ret = o;
-
-        if (offset)
-                *offset = p;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-uint64_t journal_file_entry_n_items(Object *o) {
-        assert(o);
-
-        if (o->object.type != OBJECT_ENTRY)
-                return 0;
-
-        return (le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, entry.items)) / sizeof(EntryItem);
-}
-
-uint64_t journal_file_entry_array_n_items(Object *o) {
-        assert(o);
-
-        if (o->object.type != OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY)
-                return 0;
-
-        return (le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, entry_array.items)) / sizeof(uint64_t);
-}
-
-uint64_t journal_file_hash_table_n_items(Object *o) {
-        assert(o);
-
-        if (o->object.type != OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE &&
-            o->object.type != OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE)
-                return 0;
-
-        return (le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, hash_table.items)) / sizeof(HashItem);
-}
-
-static int link_entry_into_array(JournalFile *f,
-                                 le64_t *first,
-                                 le64_t *idx,
-                                 uint64_t p) {
-        int r;
-        uint64_t n = 0, ap = 0, q, i, a, hidx;
-        Object *o;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(first);
-        assert(idx);
-        assert(p > 0);
-
-        a = le64toh(*first);
-        i = hidx = le64toh(*idx);
-        while (a > 0) {
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, a, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                n = journal_file_entry_array_n_items(o);
-                if (i < n) {
-                        o->entry_array.items[i] = htole64(p);
-                        *idx = htole64(hidx + 1);
-                        return 0;
-                }
-
-                i -= n;
-                ap = a;
-                a = le64toh(o->entry_array.next_entry_array_offset);
-        }
-
-        if (hidx > n)
-                n = (hidx+1) * 2;
-        else
-                n = n * 2;
-
-        if (n < 4)
-                n = 4;
-
-        r = journal_file_append_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY,
-                                       offsetof(Object, entry_array.items) + n * sizeof(uint64_t),
-                                       &o, &q);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, o, q);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-#endif
-
-        o->entry_array.items[i] = htole64(p);
-
-        if (ap == 0)
-                *first = htole64(q);
-        else {
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, ap, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                o->entry_array.next_entry_array_offset = htole64(q);
-        }
-
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_entry_arrays))
-                f->header->n_entry_arrays = htole64(le64toh(f->header->n_entry_arrays) + 1);
-
-        *idx = htole64(hidx + 1);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int link_entry_into_array_plus_one(JournalFile *f,
-                                          le64_t *extra,
-                                          le64_t *first,
-                                          le64_t *idx,
-                                          uint64_t p) {
-
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(extra);
-        assert(first);
-        assert(idx);
-        assert(p > 0);
-
-        if (*idx == 0)
-                *extra = htole64(p);
-        else {
-                le64_t i;
-
-                i = htole64(le64toh(*idx) - 1);
-                r = link_entry_into_array(f, first, &i, p);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-
-        *idx = htole64(le64toh(*idx) + 1);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_link_entry_item(JournalFile *f, Object *o, uint64_t offset, uint64_t i) {
-        uint64_t p;
-        int r;
-        assert(f);
-        assert(o);
-        assert(offset > 0);
-
-        p = le64toh(o->entry.items[i].object_offset);
-        if (p == 0)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p, &o);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        return link_entry_into_array_plus_one(f,
-                                              &o->data.entry_offset,
-                                              &o->data.entry_array_offset,
-                                              &o->data.n_entries,
-                                              offset);
-}
-
-static int journal_file_link_entry(JournalFile *f, Object *o, uint64_t offset) {
-        uint64_t n, i;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(o);
-        assert(offset > 0);
-
-        if (o->object.type != OBJECT_ENTRY)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        __sync_synchronize();
-
-        /* Link up the entry itself */
-        r = link_entry_into_array(f,
-                                  &f->header->entry_array_offset,
-                                  &f->header->n_entries,
-                                  offset);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        /* log_debug("=> %s seqnr=%"PRIu64" n_entries=%"PRIu64, f->path, o->entry.seqnum, f->header->n_entries); */
-
-        if (f->header->head_entry_realtime == 0)
-                f->header->head_entry_realtime = o->entry.realtime;
-
-        f->header->tail_entry_realtime = o->entry.realtime;
-        f->header->tail_entry_monotonic = o->entry.monotonic;
-
-        f->tail_entry_monotonic_valid = true;
-
-        /* Link up the items */
-        n = journal_file_entry_n_items(o);
-        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                r = journal_file_link_entry_item(f, o, offset, i);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int journal_file_append_entry_internal(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                const dual_timestamp *ts,
-                uint64_t xor_hash,
-                const EntryItem items[], unsigned n_items,
-                uint64_t *seqnum,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-        uint64_t np;
-        uint64_t osize;
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(items || n_items == 0);
-        assert(ts);
-
-        osize = offsetof(Object, entry.items) + (n_items * sizeof(EntryItem));
-
-        r = journal_file_append_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, osize, &o, &np);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        o->entry.seqnum = htole64(journal_file_entry_seqnum(f, seqnum));
-        memcpy(o->entry.items, items, n_items * sizeof(EntryItem));
-        o->entry.realtime = htole64(ts->realtime);
-        o->entry.monotonic = htole64(ts->monotonic);
-        o->entry.xor_hash = htole64(xor_hash);
-        o->entry.boot_id = f->header->boot_id;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, o, np);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-#endif
-
-        r = journal_file_link_entry(f, o, np);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (ret)
-                *ret = o;
-
-        if (offset)
-                *offset = np;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-void journal_file_post_change(JournalFile *f) {
-        assert(f);
-
-        /* inotify() does not receive IN_MODIFY events from file
-         * accesses done via mmap(). After each access we hence
-         * trigger IN_MODIFY by truncating the journal file to its
-         * current size which triggers IN_MODIFY. */
-
-        __sync_synchronize();
-
-        if (ftruncate(f->fd, f->last_stat.st_size) < 0)
-                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to truncate file to its own size: %m");
-}
-
-static int entry_item_cmp(const void *_a, const void *_b) {
-        const EntryItem *a = _a, *b = _b;
-
-        if (le64toh(a->object_offset) < le64toh(b->object_offset))
-                return -1;
-        if (le64toh(a->object_offset) > le64toh(b->object_offset))
-                return 1;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int journal_file_append_entry(JournalFile *f, const dual_timestamp *ts, const struct iovec iovec[], unsigned n_iovec, uint64_t *seqnum, Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-        unsigned i;
-        EntryItem *items;
-        int r;
-        uint64_t xor_hash = 0;
-        struct dual_timestamp _ts;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(iovec || n_iovec == 0);
-
-        if (!ts) {
-                dual_timestamp_get(&_ts);
-                ts = &_ts;
-        }
-
-        if (f->tail_entry_monotonic_valid &&
-            ts->monotonic < le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_monotonic))
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        r = journal_file_maybe_append_tag(f, ts->realtime);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-#endif
-
-        /* alloca() can't take 0, hence let's allocate at least one */
-        items = alloca(sizeof(EntryItem) * MAX(1u, n_iovec));
-
-        for (i = 0; i < n_iovec; i++) {
-                uint64_t p;
-                Object *o;
-
-                r = journal_file_append_data(f, iovec[i].iov_base, iovec[i].iov_len, &o, &p);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                xor_hash ^= le64toh(o->data.hash);
-                items[i].object_offset = htole64(p);
-                items[i].hash = o->data.hash;
-        }
-
-        /* Order by the position on disk, in order to improve seek
-         * times for rotating media. */
-        qsort_safe(items, n_iovec, sizeof(EntryItem), entry_item_cmp);
-
-        r = journal_file_append_entry_internal(f, ts, xor_hash, items, n_iovec, seqnum, ret, offset);
-
-        /* If the memory mapping triggered a SIGBUS then we return an
-         * IO error and ignore the error code passed down to us, since
-         * it is very likely just an effect of a nullified replacement
-         * mapping page */
-
-        if (mmap_cache_got_sigbus(f->mmap, f->fd))
-                r = -EIO;
-
-        journal_file_post_change(f);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-typedef struct ChainCacheItem {
-        uint64_t first; /* the array at the beginning of the chain */
-        uint64_t array; /* the cached array */
-        uint64_t begin; /* the first item in the cached array */
-        uint64_t total; /* the total number of items in all arrays before this one in the chain */
-        uint64_t last_index; /* the last index we looked at, to optimize locality when bisecting */
-} ChainCacheItem;
-
-static void chain_cache_put(
-                OrderedHashmap *h,
-                ChainCacheItem *ci,
-                uint64_t first,
-                uint64_t array,
-                uint64_t begin,
-                uint64_t total,
-                uint64_t last_index) {
-
-        if (!ci) {
-                /* If the chain item to cache for this chain is the
-                 * first one it's not worth caching anything */
-                if (array == first)
-                        return;
-
-                if (ordered_hashmap_size(h) >= CHAIN_CACHE_MAX) {
-                        ci = ordered_hashmap_steal_first(h);
-                        assert(ci);
-                } else {
-                        ci = new(ChainCacheItem, 1);
-                        if (!ci)
-                                return;
-                }
-
-                ci->first = first;
-
-                if (ordered_hashmap_put(h, &ci->first, ci) < 0) {
-                        free(ci);
-                        return;
-                }
-        } else
-                assert(ci->first == first);
-
-        ci->array = array;
-        ci->begin = begin;
-        ci->total = total;
-        ci->last_index = last_index;
-}
-
-static int generic_array_get(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t first,
-                uint64_t i,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        Object *o;
-        uint64_t p = 0, a, t = 0;
-        int r;
-        ChainCacheItem *ci;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        a = first;
-
-        /* Try the chain cache first */
-        ci = ordered_hashmap_get(f->chain_cache, &first);
-        if (ci && i > ci->total) {
-                a = ci->array;
-                i -= ci->total;
-                t = ci->total;
-        }
-
-        while (a > 0) {
-                uint64_t k;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, a, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                k = journal_file_entry_array_n_items(o);
-                if (i < k) {
-                        p = le64toh(o->entry_array.items[i]);
-                        goto found;
-                }
-
-                i -= k;
-                t += k;
-                a = le64toh(o->entry_array.next_entry_array_offset);
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-
-found:
-        /* Let's cache this item for the next invocation */
-        chain_cache_put(f->chain_cache, ci, first, a, le64toh(o->entry_array.items[0]), t, i);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, p, &o);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (ret)
-                *ret = o;
-
-        if (offset)
-                *offset = p;
-
-        return 1;
-}
-
-static int generic_array_get_plus_one(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t extra,
-                uint64_t first,
-                uint64_t i,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        Object *o;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        if (i == 0) {
-                int r;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, extra, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (ret)
-                        *ret = o;
-
-                if (offset)
-                        *offset = extra;
-
-                return 1;
-        }
-
-        return generic_array_get(f, first, i-1, ret, offset);
-}
-
-enum {
-        TEST_FOUND,
-        TEST_LEFT,
-        TEST_RIGHT
-};
-
-static int generic_array_bisect(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t first,
-                uint64_t n,
-                uint64_t needle,
-                int (*test_object)(JournalFile *f, uint64_t p, uint64_t needle),
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret,
-                uint64_t *offset,
-                uint64_t *idx) {
-
-        uint64_t a, p, t = 0, i = 0, last_p = 0, last_index = (uint64_t) -1;
-        bool subtract_one = false;
-        Object *o, *array = NULL;
-        int r;
-        ChainCacheItem *ci;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(test_object);
-
-        /* Start with the first array in the chain */
-        a = first;
-
-        ci = ordered_hashmap_get(f->chain_cache, &first);
-        if (ci && n > ci->total) {
-                /* Ah, we have iterated this bisection array chain
-                 * previously! Let's see if we can skip ahead in the
-                 * chain, as far as the last time. But we can't jump
-                 * backwards in the chain, so let's check that
-                 * first. */
-
-                r = test_object(f, ci->begin, needle);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (r == TEST_LEFT) {
-                        /* OK, what we are looking for is right of the
-                         * begin of this EntryArray, so let's jump
-                         * straight to previously cached array in the
-                         * chain */
-
-                        a = ci->array;
-                        n -= ci->total;
-                        t = ci->total;
-                        last_index = ci->last_index;
-                }
-        }
-
-        while (a > 0) {
-                uint64_t left, right, k, lp;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, a, &array);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                k = journal_file_entry_array_n_items(array);
-                right = MIN(k, n);
-                if (right <= 0)
-                        return 0;
-
-                i = right - 1;
-                lp = p = le64toh(array->entry_array.items[i]);
-                if (p <= 0)
-                        return -EBADMSG;
-
-                r = test_object(f, p, needle);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (r == TEST_FOUND)
-                        r = direction == DIRECTION_DOWN ? TEST_RIGHT : TEST_LEFT;
-
-                if (r == TEST_RIGHT) {
-                        left = 0;
-                        right -= 1;
-
-                        if (last_index != (uint64_t) -1) {
-                                assert(last_index <= right);
-
-                                /* If we cached the last index we
-                                 * looked at, let's try to not to jump
-                                 * too wildly around and see if we can
-                                 * limit the range to look at early to
-                                 * the immediate neighbors of the last
-                                 * index we looked at. */
-
-                                if (last_index > 0) {
-                                        uint64_t x = last_index - 1;
-
-                                        p = le64toh(array->entry_array.items[x]);
-                                        if (p <= 0)
-                                                return -EBADMSG;
-
-                                        r = test_object(f, p, needle);
-                                        if (r < 0)
-                                                return r;
-
-                                        if (r == TEST_FOUND)
-                                                r = direction == DIRECTION_DOWN ? TEST_RIGHT : TEST_LEFT;
-
-                                        if (r == TEST_RIGHT)
-                                                right = x;
-                                        else
-                                                left = x + 1;
-                                }
-
-                                if (last_index < right) {
-                                        uint64_t y = last_index + 1;
-
-                                        p = le64toh(array->entry_array.items[y]);
-                                        if (p <= 0)
-                                                return -EBADMSG;
-
-                                        r = test_object(f, p, needle);
-                                        if (r < 0)
-                                                return r;
-
-                                        if (r == TEST_FOUND)
-                                                r = direction == DIRECTION_DOWN ? TEST_RIGHT : TEST_LEFT;
-
-                                        if (r == TEST_RIGHT)
-                                                right = y;
-                                        else
-                                                left = y + 1;
-                                }
-                        }
-
-                        for (;;) {
-                                if (left == right) {
-                                        if (direction == DIRECTION_UP)
-                                                subtract_one = true;
-
-                                        i = left;
-                                        goto found;
-                                }
-
-                                assert(left < right);
-                                i = (left + right) / 2;
-
-                                p = le64toh(array->entry_array.items[i]);
-                                if (p <= 0)
-                                        return -EBADMSG;
-
-                                r = test_object(f, p, needle);
-                                if (r < 0)
-                                        return r;
-
-                                if (r == TEST_FOUND)
-                                        r = direction == DIRECTION_DOWN ? TEST_RIGHT : TEST_LEFT;
-
-                                if (r == TEST_RIGHT)
-                                        right = i;
-                                else
-                                        left = i + 1;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                if (k >= n) {
-                        if (direction == DIRECTION_UP) {
-                                i = n;
-                                subtract_one = true;
-                                goto found;
-                        }
-
-                        return 0;
-                }
-
-                last_p = lp;
-
-                n -= k;
-                t += k;
-                last_index = (uint64_t) -1;
-                a = le64toh(array->entry_array.next_entry_array_offset);
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-
-found:
-        if (subtract_one && t == 0 && i == 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        /* Let's cache this item for the next invocation */
-        chain_cache_put(f->chain_cache, ci, first, a, le64toh(array->entry_array.items[0]), t, subtract_one ? (i > 0 ? i-1 : (uint64_t) -1) : i);
-
-        if (subtract_one && i == 0)
-                p = last_p;
-        else if (subtract_one)
-                p = le64toh(array->entry_array.items[i-1]);
-        else
-                p = le64toh(array->entry_array.items[i]);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, p, &o);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (ret)
-                *ret = o;
-
-        if (offset)
-                *offset = p;
-
-        if (idx)
-                *idx = t + i + (subtract_one ? -1 : 0);
-
-        return 1;
-}
-
-static int generic_array_bisect_plus_one(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t extra,
-                uint64_t first,
-                uint64_t n,
-                uint64_t needle,
-                int (*test_object)(JournalFile *f, uint64_t p, uint64_t needle),
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret,
-                uint64_t *offset,
-                uint64_t *idx) {
-
-        int r;
-        bool step_back = false;
-        Object *o;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(test_object);
-
-        if (n <= 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        /* This bisects the array in object 'first', but first checks
-         * an extra  */
-        r = test_object(f, extra, needle);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (r == TEST_FOUND)
-                r = direction == DIRECTION_DOWN ? TEST_RIGHT : TEST_LEFT;
-
-        /* if we are looking with DIRECTION_UP then we need to first
-           see if in the actual array there is a matching entry, and
-           return the last one of that. But if there isn't any we need
-           to return this one. Hence remember this, and return it
-           below. */
-        if (r == TEST_LEFT)
-                step_back = direction == DIRECTION_UP;
-
-        if (r == TEST_RIGHT) {
-                if (direction == DIRECTION_DOWN)
-                        goto found;
-                else
-                        return 0;
-        }
-
-        r = generic_array_bisect(f, first, n-1, needle, test_object, direction, ret, offset, idx);
-
-        if (r == 0 && step_back)
-                goto found;
-
-        if (r > 0 && idx)
-                (*idx) ++;
-
-        return r;
-
-found:
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, extra, &o);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (ret)
-                *ret = o;
-
-        if (offset)
-                *offset = extra;
-
-        if (idx)
-                *idx = 0;
-
-        return 1;
-}
-
-_pure_ static int test_object_offset(JournalFile *f, uint64_t p, uint64_t needle) {
-        assert(f);
-        assert(p > 0);
-
-        if (p == needle)
-                return TEST_FOUND;
-        else if (p < needle)
-                return TEST_LEFT;
-        else
-                return TEST_RIGHT;
-}
-
-static int test_object_seqnum(JournalFile *f, uint64_t p, uint64_t needle) {
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(p > 0);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, p, &o);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (le64toh(o->entry.seqnum) == needle)
-                return TEST_FOUND;
-        else if (le64toh(o->entry.seqnum) < needle)
-                return TEST_LEFT;
-        else
-                return TEST_RIGHT;
-}
-
-int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_seqnum(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t seqnum,
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret,
-                uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        return generic_array_bisect(f,
-                                    le64toh(f->header->entry_array_offset),
-                                    le64toh(f->header->n_entries),
-                                    seqnum,
-                                    test_object_seqnum,
-                                    direction,
-                                    ret, offset, NULL);
-}
-
-static int test_object_realtime(JournalFile *f, uint64_t p, uint64_t needle) {
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(p > 0);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, p, &o);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (le64toh(o->entry.realtime) == needle)
-                return TEST_FOUND;
-        else if (le64toh(o->entry.realtime) < needle)
-                return TEST_LEFT;
-        else
-                return TEST_RIGHT;
-}
-
-int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_realtime(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t realtime,
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret,
-                uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        return generic_array_bisect(f,
-                                    le64toh(f->header->entry_array_offset),
-                                    le64toh(f->header->n_entries),
-                                    realtime,
-                                    test_object_realtime,
-                                    direction,
-                                    ret, offset, NULL);
-}
-
-static int test_object_monotonic(JournalFile *f, uint64_t p, uint64_t needle) {
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(p > 0);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, p, &o);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (le64toh(o->entry.monotonic) == needle)
-                return TEST_FOUND;
-        else if (le64toh(o->entry.monotonic) < needle)
-                return TEST_LEFT;
-        else
-                return TEST_RIGHT;
-}
-
-static int find_data_object_by_boot_id(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                sd_id128_t boot_id,
-                Object **o,
-                uint64_t *b) {
-
-        char t[sizeof("_BOOT_ID=")-1 + 32 + 1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
-
-        sd_id128_to_string(boot_id, t + 9);
-        return journal_file_find_data_object(f, t, sizeof(t) - 1, o, b);
-}
-
-int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_monotonic(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                sd_id128_t boot_id,
-                uint64_t monotonic,
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret,
-                uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        r = find_data_object_by_boot_id(f, boot_id, &o, NULL);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-        if (r == 0)
-                return -ENOENT;
-
-        return generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
-                                             le64toh(o->data.entry_offset),
-                                             le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                             le64toh(o->data.n_entries),
-                                             monotonic,
-                                             test_object_monotonic,
-                                             direction,
-                                             ret, offset, NULL);
-}
-
-void journal_file_reset_location(JournalFile *f) {
-        f->location_type = LOCATION_HEAD;
-        f->current_offset = 0;
-        f->current_seqnum = 0;
-        f->current_realtime = 0;
-        f->current_monotonic = 0;
-        zero(f->current_boot_id);
-        f->current_xor_hash = 0;
-}
-
-void journal_file_save_location(JournalFile *f, Object *o, uint64_t offset) {
-        f->location_type = LOCATION_SEEK;
-        f->current_offset = offset;
-        f->current_seqnum = le64toh(o->entry.seqnum);
-        f->current_realtime = le64toh(o->entry.realtime);
-        f->current_monotonic = le64toh(o->entry.monotonic);
-        f->current_boot_id = o->entry.boot_id;
-        f->current_xor_hash = le64toh(o->entry.xor_hash);
-}
-
-int journal_file_compare_locations(JournalFile *af, JournalFile *bf) {
-        assert(af);
-        assert(bf);
-        assert(af->location_type == LOCATION_SEEK);
-        assert(bf->location_type == LOCATION_SEEK);
-
-        /* If contents and timestamps match, these entries are
-         * identical, even if the seqnum does not match */
-        if (sd_id128_equal(af->current_boot_id, bf->current_boot_id) &&
-            af->current_monotonic == bf->current_monotonic &&
-            af->current_realtime == bf->current_realtime &&
-            af->current_xor_hash == bf->current_xor_hash)
-                return 0;
-
-        if (sd_id128_equal(af->header->seqnum_id, bf->header->seqnum_id)) {
-
-                /* If this is from the same seqnum source, compare
-                 * seqnums */
-                if (af->current_seqnum < bf->current_seqnum)
-                        return -1;
-                if (af->current_seqnum > bf->current_seqnum)
-                        return 1;
-
-                /* Wow! This is weird, different data but the same
-                 * seqnums? Something is borked, but let's make the
-                 * best of it and compare by time. */
-        }
-
-        if (sd_id128_equal(af->current_boot_id, bf->current_boot_id)) {
-
-                /* If the boot id matches, compare monotonic time */
-                if (af->current_monotonic < bf->current_monotonic)
-                        return -1;
-                if (af->current_monotonic > bf->current_monotonic)
-                        return 1;
-        }
-
-        /* Otherwise, compare UTC time */
-        if (af->current_realtime < bf->current_realtime)
-                return -1;
-        if (af->current_realtime > bf->current_realtime)
-                return 1;
-
-        /* Finally, compare by contents */
-        if (af->current_xor_hash < bf->current_xor_hash)
-                return -1;
-        if (af->current_xor_hash > bf->current_xor_hash)
-                return 1;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int journal_file_next_entry(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t p,
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        uint64_t i, n, ofs;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        n = le64toh(f->header->n_entries);
-        if (n <= 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        if (p == 0)
-                i = direction == DIRECTION_DOWN ? 0 : n - 1;
-        else {
-                r = generic_array_bisect(f,
-                                         le64toh(f->header->entry_array_offset),
-                                         le64toh(f->header->n_entries),
-                                         p,
-                                         test_object_offset,
-                                         DIRECTION_DOWN,
-                                         NULL, NULL,
-                                         &i);
-                if (r <= 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (direction == DIRECTION_DOWN) {
-                        if (i >= n - 1)
-                                return 0;
-
-                        i++;
-                } else {
-                        if (i <= 0)
-                                return 0;
-
-                        i--;
-                }
-        }
-
-        /* And jump to it */
-        r = generic_array_get(f,
-                              le64toh(f->header->entry_array_offset),
-                              i,
-                              ret, &ofs);
-        if (r <= 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (p > 0 &&
-            (direction == DIRECTION_DOWN ? ofs <= p : ofs >= p)) {
-                log_debug("%s: entry array corrupted at entry %"PRIu64,
-                          f->path, i);
-                return -EBADMSG;
-        }
-
-        if (offset)
-                *offset = ofs;
-
-        return 1;
-}
-
-int journal_file_next_entry_for_data(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                Object *o, uint64_t p,
-                uint64_t data_offset,
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        uint64_t n, i;
-        int r;
-        Object *d;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(p > 0 || !o);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, data_offset, &d);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        n = le64toh(d->data.n_entries);
-        if (n <= 0)
-                return n;
-
-        if (!o)
-                i = direction == DIRECTION_DOWN ? 0 : n - 1;
-        else {
-                if (o->object.type != OBJECT_ENTRY)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                r = generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
-                                                  le64toh(d->data.entry_offset),
-                                                  le64toh(d->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                                  le64toh(d->data.n_entries),
-                                                  p,
-                                                  test_object_offset,
-                                                  DIRECTION_DOWN,
-                                                  NULL, NULL,
-                                                  &i);
-
-                if (r <= 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (direction == DIRECTION_DOWN) {
-                        if (i >= n - 1)
-                                return 0;
-
-                        i++;
-                } else {
-                        if (i <= 0)
-                                return 0;
-
-                        i--;
-                }
-
-        }
-
-        return generic_array_get_plus_one(f,
-                                          le64toh(d->data.entry_offset),
-                                          le64toh(d->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                          i,
-                                          ret, offset);
-}
-
-int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_offset_for_data(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t data_offset,
-                uint64_t p,
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        int r;
-        Object *d;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, data_offset, &d);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        return generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
-                                             le64toh(d->data.entry_offset),
-                                             le64toh(d->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                             le64toh(d->data.n_entries),
-                                             p,
-                                             test_object_offset,
-                                             direction,
-                                             ret, offset, NULL);
-}
-
-int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_monotonic_for_data(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t data_offset,
-                sd_id128_t boot_id,
-                uint64_t monotonic,
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        Object *o, *d;
-        int r;
-        uint64_t b, z;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        /* First, seek by time */
-        r = find_data_object_by_boot_id(f, boot_id, &o, &b);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-        if (r == 0)
-                return -ENOENT;
-
-        r = generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
-                                          le64toh(o->data.entry_offset),
-                                          le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                          le64toh(o->data.n_entries),
-                                          monotonic,
-                                          test_object_monotonic,
-                                          direction,
-                                          NULL, &z, NULL);
-        if (r <= 0)
-                return r;
-
-        /* And now, continue seeking until we find an entry that
-         * exists in both bisection arrays */
-
-        for (;;) {
-                Object *qo;
-                uint64_t p, q;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, data_offset, &d);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                r = generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
-                                                  le64toh(d->data.entry_offset),
-                                                  le64toh(d->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                                  le64toh(d->data.n_entries),
-                                                  z,
-                                                  test_object_offset,
-                                                  direction,
-                                                  NULL, &p, NULL);
-                if (r <= 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, b, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                r = generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
-                                                  le64toh(o->data.entry_offset),
-                                                  le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                                  le64toh(o->data.n_entries),
-                                                  p,
-                                                  test_object_offset,
-                                                  direction,
-                                                  &qo, &q, NULL);
-
-                if (r <= 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (p == q) {
-                        if (ret)
-                                *ret = qo;
-                        if (offset)
-                                *offset = q;
-
-                        return 1;
-                }
-
-                z = q;
-        }
-}
-
-int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_seqnum_for_data(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t data_offset,
-                uint64_t seqnum,
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        Object *d;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, data_offset, &d);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        return generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
-                                             le64toh(d->data.entry_offset),
-                                             le64toh(d->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                             le64toh(d->data.n_entries),
-                                             seqnum,
-                                             test_object_seqnum,
-                                             direction,
-                                             ret, offset, NULL);
-}
-
-int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_realtime_for_data(
-                JournalFile *f,
-                uint64_t data_offset,
-                uint64_t realtime,
-                direction_t direction,
-                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-
-        Object *d;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, data_offset, &d);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        return generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
-                                             le64toh(d->data.entry_offset),
-                                             le64toh(d->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                             le64toh(d->data.n_entries),
-                                             realtime,
-                                             test_object_realtime,
-                                             direction,
-                                             ret, offset, NULL);
-}
-
-void journal_file_dump(JournalFile *f) {
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-        uint64_t p;
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        journal_file_print_header(f);
-
-        p = le64toh(f->header->header_size);
-        while (p != 0) {
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_UNUSED, p, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-
-                switch (o->object.type) {
-
-                case OBJECT_UNUSED:
-                        printf("Type: OBJECT_UNUSED\n");
-                        break;
-
-                case OBJECT_DATA:
-                        printf("Type: OBJECT_DATA\n");
-                        break;
-
-                case OBJECT_FIELD:
-                        printf("Type: OBJECT_FIELD\n");
-                        break;
-
-                case OBJECT_ENTRY:
-                        printf("Type: OBJECT_ENTRY seqnum=%"PRIu64" monotonic=%"PRIu64" realtime=%"PRIu64"\n",
-                               le64toh(o->entry.seqnum),
-                               le64toh(o->entry.monotonic),
-                               le64toh(o->entry.realtime));
-                        break;
-
-                case OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE:
-                        printf("Type: OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE\n");
-                        break;
-
-                case OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE:
-                        printf("Type: OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE\n");
-                        break;
-
-                case OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY:
-                        printf("Type: OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY\n");
-                        break;
-
-                case OBJECT_TAG:
-                        printf("Type: OBJECT_TAG seqnum=%"PRIu64" epoch=%"PRIu64"\n",
-                               le64toh(o->tag.seqnum),
-                               le64toh(o->tag.epoch));
-                        break;
-
-                default:
-                        printf("Type: unknown (%i)\n", o->object.type);
-                        break;
-                }
-
-                if (o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSION_MASK)
-                        printf("Flags: %s\n",
-                               object_compressed_to_string(o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSION_MASK));
-
-                if (p == le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset))
-                        p = 0;
-                else
-                        p = p + ALIGN64(le64toh(o->object.size));
-        }
-
-        return;
-fail:
-        log_error("File corrupt");
-}
-
-static const char* format_timestamp_safe(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
-        const char *x;
-
-        x = format_timestamp(buf, l, t);
-        if (x)
-                return x;
-        return " --- ";
-}
-
-void journal_file_print_header(JournalFile *f) {
-        char a[33], b[33], c[33], d[33];
-        char x[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], y[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], z[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
-        struct stat st;
-        char bytes[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
-
-        assert(f);
-
-        printf("File Path: %s\n"
-               "File ID: %s\n"
-               "Machine ID: %s\n"
-               "Boot ID: %s\n"
-               "Sequential Number ID: %s\n"
-               "State: %s\n"
-               "Compatible Flags:%s%s\n"
-               "Incompatible Flags:%s%s%s\n"
-               "Header size: %"PRIu64"\n"
-               "Arena size: %"PRIu64"\n"
-               "Data Hash Table Size: %"PRIu64"\n"
-               "Field Hash Table Size: %"PRIu64"\n"
-               "Rotate Suggested: %s\n"
-               "Head Sequential Number: %"PRIu64"\n"
-               "Tail Sequential Number: %"PRIu64"\n"
-               "Head Realtime Timestamp: %s\n"
-               "Tail Realtime Timestamp: %s\n"
-               "Tail Monotonic Timestamp: %s\n"
-               "Objects: %"PRIu64"\n"
-               "Entry Objects: %"PRIu64"\n",
-               f->path,
-               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->file_id, a),
-               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->machine_id, b),
-               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->boot_id, c),
-               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->seqnum_id, d),
-               f->header->state == STATE_OFFLINE ? "OFFLINE" :
-               f->header->state == STATE_ONLINE ? "ONLINE" :
-               f->header->state == STATE_ARCHIVED ? "ARCHIVED" : "UNKNOWN",
-               JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header) ? " SEALED" : "",
-               (le32toh(f->header->compatible_flags) & ~HEADER_COMPATIBLE_ANY) ? " ???" : "",
-               JOURNAL_HEADER_COMPRESSED_XZ(f->header) ? " COMPRESSED-XZ" : "",
-               JOURNAL_HEADER_COMPRESSED_LZ4(f->header) ? " COMPRESSED-LZ4" : "",
-               (le32toh(f->header->incompatible_flags) & ~HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_ANY) ? " ???" : "",
-               le64toh(f->header->header_size),
-               le64toh(f->header->arena_size),
-               le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem),
-               le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem),
-               yes_no(journal_file_rotate_suggested(f, 0)),
-               le64toh(f->header->head_entry_seqnum),
-               le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_seqnum),
-               format_timestamp_safe(x, sizeof(x), le64toh(f->header->head_entry_realtime)),
-               format_timestamp_safe(y, sizeof(y), le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_realtime)),
-               format_timespan(z, sizeof(z), le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_monotonic), USEC_PER_MSEC),
-               le64toh(f->header->n_objects),
-               le64toh(f->header->n_entries));
-
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_data))
-                printf("Data Objects: %"PRIu64"\n"
-                       "Data Hash Table Fill: %.1f%%\n",
-                       le64toh(f->header->n_data),
-                       100.0 * (double) le64toh(f->header->n_data) / ((double) (le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem))));
-
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_fields))
-                printf("Field Objects: %"PRIu64"\n"
-                       "Field Hash Table Fill: %.1f%%\n",
-                       le64toh(f->header->n_fields),
-                       100.0 * (double) le64toh(f->header->n_fields) / ((double) (le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem))));
-
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_tags))
-                printf("Tag Objects: %"PRIu64"\n",
-                       le64toh(f->header->n_tags));
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_entry_arrays))
-                printf("Entry Array Objects: %"PRIu64"\n",
-                       le64toh(f->header->n_entry_arrays));
-
-        if (fstat(f->fd, &st) >= 0)
-                printf("Disk usage: %s\n", format_bytes(bytes, sizeof(bytes), (off_t) st.st_blocks * 512ULL));
-}
-
-int journal_file_open(
-                const char *fname,
-                int flags,
-                mode_t mode,
-                bool compress,
-                bool seal,
-                JournalMetrics *metrics,
-                MMapCache *mmap_cache,
-                JournalFile *template,
-                JournalFile **ret) {
-
-        bool newly_created = false;
-        JournalFile *f;
-        void *h;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(fname);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY &&
-            (flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDWR)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (!endswith(fname, ".journal") &&
-            !endswith(fname, ".journal~"))
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        f = new0(JournalFile, 1);
-        if (!f)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        f->fd = -1;
-        f->mode = mode;
-
-        f->flags = flags;
-        f->prot = prot_from_flags(flags);
-        f->writable = (flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY;
-#if defined(HAVE_LZ4)
-        f->compress_lz4 = compress;
-#elif defined(HAVE_XZ)
-        f->compress_xz = compress;
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        f->seal = seal;
-#endif
-
-        if (mmap_cache)
-                f->mmap = mmap_cache_ref(mmap_cache);
-        else {
-                f->mmap = mmap_cache_new();
-                if (!f->mmap) {
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto fail;
-                }
-        }
-
-        f->path = strdup(fname);
-        if (!f->path) {
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto fail;
-        }
-
-        f->chain_cache = ordered_hashmap_new(&uint64_hash_ops);
-        if (!f->chain_cache) {
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto fail;
-        }
-
-        f->fd = open(f->path, f->flags|O_CLOEXEC, f->mode);
-        if (f->fd < 0) {
-                r = -errno;
-                goto fail;
-        }
-
-        r = journal_file_fstat(f);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
-        if (f->last_stat.st_size == 0 && f->writable) {
-
-                /* Before we write anything, turn off COW logic. Given
-                 * our write pattern that is quite unfriendly to COW
-                 * file systems this should greatly improve
-                 * performance on COW file systems, such as btrfs, at
-                 * the expense of data integrity features (which
-                 * shouldn't be too bad, given that we do our own
-                 * checksumming). */
-                r = chattr_fd(f->fd, true, FS_NOCOW_FL);
-                if (r < 0 && r != -ENOTTY)
-                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set file attributes: %m");
-
-                /* Let's attach the creation time to the journal file,
-                 * so that the vacuuming code knows the age of this
-                 * file even if the file might end up corrupted one
-                 * day... Ideally we'd just use the creation time many
-                 * file systems maintain for each file, but there is
-                 * currently no usable API to query this, hence let's
-                 * emulate this via extended attributes. If extended
-                 * attributes are not supported we'll just skip this,
-                 * and rely solely on mtime/atime/ctime of the file. */
-
-                fd_setcrtime(f->fd, 0);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-                /* Try to load the FSPRG state, and if we can't, then
-                 * just don't do sealing */
-                if (f->seal) {
-                        r = journal_file_fss_load(f);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                f->seal = false;
-                }
-#endif
-
-                r = journal_file_init_header(f, template);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-
-                r = journal_file_fstat(f);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-
-                newly_created = true;
-        }
-
-        if (f->last_stat.st_size < (off_t) HEADER_SIZE_MIN) {
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto fail;
-        }
-
-        r = mmap_cache_get(f->mmap, f->fd, f->prot, CONTEXT_HEADER, true, 0, PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(Header)), &f->last_stat, &h);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
-        f->header = h;
-
-        if (!newly_created) {
-                r = journal_file_verify_header(f);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-        }
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        if (!newly_created && f->writable) {
-                r = journal_file_fss_load(f);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-        }
-#endif
-
-        if (f->writable) {
-                if (metrics) {
-                        journal_default_metrics(metrics, f->fd);
-                        f->metrics = *metrics;
-                } else if (template)
-                        f->metrics = template->metrics;
-
-                r = journal_file_refresh_header(f);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-        }
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-        r = journal_file_hmac_setup(f);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-#endif
-
-        if (newly_created) {
-                r = journal_file_setup_field_hash_table(f);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-
-                r = journal_file_setup_data_hash_table(f);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-                r = journal_file_append_first_tag(f);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-#endif
-        }
-
-        r = journal_file_map_field_hash_table(f);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
-        r = journal_file_map_data_hash_table(f);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
-        if (mmap_cache_got_sigbus(f->mmap, f->fd)) {
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto fail;
-        }
-
-        *ret = f;
-        return 0;
-
-fail:
-        if (f->fd >= 0 && mmap_cache_got_sigbus(f->mmap, f->fd))
-                r = -EIO;
-
-        journal_file_close(f);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-int journal_file_rotate(JournalFile **f, bool compress, bool seal) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
-        size_t l;
-        JournalFile *old_file, *new_file = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(*f);
-
-        old_file = *f;
-
-        if (!old_file->writable)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (!endswith(old_file->path, ".journal"))
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        l = strlen(old_file->path);
-        r = asprintf(&p, "%.*s@" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "-%016"PRIx64"-%016"PRIx64".journal",
-                     (int) l - 8, old_file->path,
-                     SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(old_file->header->seqnum_id),
-                     le64toh((*f)->header->head_entry_seqnum),
-                     le64toh((*f)->header->head_entry_realtime));
-        if (r < 0)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        /* Try to rename the file to the archived version. If the file
-         * already was deleted, we'll get ENOENT, let's ignore that
-         * case. */
-        r = rename(old_file->path, p);
-        if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
-                return -errno;
-
-        old_file->header->state = STATE_ARCHIVED;
-
-        /* Currently, btrfs is not very good with out write patterns
-         * and fragments heavily. Let's defrag our journal files when
-         * we archive them */
-        old_file->defrag_on_close = true;
-
-        r = journal_file_open(old_file->path, old_file->flags, old_file->mode, compress, seal, NULL, old_file->mmap, old_file, &new_file);
-        journal_file_close(old_file);
-
-        *f = new_file;
-        return r;
-}
-
-int journal_file_open_reliably(
-                const char *fname,
-                int flags,
-                mode_t mode,
-                bool compress,
-                bool seal,
-                JournalMetrics *metrics,
-                MMapCache *mmap_cache,
-                JournalFile *template,
-                JournalFile **ret) {
-
-        int r;
-        size_t l;
-        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
-
-        r = journal_file_open(fname, flags, mode, compress, seal,
-                              metrics, mmap_cache, template, ret);
-        if (!IN_SET(r,
-                    -EBADMSG,           /* corrupted */
-                    -ENODATA,           /* truncated */
-                    -EHOSTDOWN,         /* other machine */
-                    -EPROTONOSUPPORT,   /* incompatible feature */
-                    -EBUSY,             /* unclean shutdown */
-                    -ESHUTDOWN,         /* already archived */
-                    -EIO,               /* IO error, including SIGBUS on mmap */
-                    -EIDRM              /* File has been deleted */))
-                return r;
-
-        if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY)
-                return r;
-
-        if (!(flags & O_CREAT))
-                return r;
-
-        if (!endswith(fname, ".journal"))
-                return r;
-
-        /* The file is corrupted. Rotate it away and try it again (but only once) */
-
-        l = strlen(fname);
-        if (asprintf(&p, "%.*s@%016"PRIx64 "-%016"PRIx64 ".journal~",
-                     (int) l - 8, fname,
-                     now(CLOCK_REALTIME),
-                     random_u64()) < 0)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        r = rename(fname, p);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        /* btrfs doesn't cope well with our write pattern and
-         * fragments heavily. Let's defrag all files we rotate */
-
-        (void) chattr_path(p, false, FS_NOCOW_FL);
-        (void) btrfs_defrag(p);
-
-        log_warning("File %s corrupted or uncleanly shut down, renaming and replacing.", fname);
-
-        return journal_file_open(fname, flags, mode, compress, seal,
-                                 metrics, mmap_cache, template, ret);
-}
-
-int journal_file_copy_entry(JournalFile *from, JournalFile *to, Object *o, uint64_t p, uint64_t *seqnum, Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
-        uint64_t i, n;
-        uint64_t q, xor_hash = 0;
-        int r;
-        EntryItem *items;
-        dual_timestamp ts;
-
-        assert(from);
-        assert(to);
-        assert(o);
-        assert(p);
-
-        if (!to->writable)
-                return -EPERM;
-
-        ts.monotonic = le64toh(o->entry.monotonic);
-        ts.realtime = le64toh(o->entry.realtime);
-
-        n = journal_file_entry_n_items(o);
-        /* alloca() can't take 0, hence let's allocate at least one */
-        items = alloca(sizeof(EntryItem) * MAX(1u, n));
-
-        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                uint64_t l, h;
-                le64_t le_hash;
-                size_t t;
-                void *data;
-                Object *u;
-
-                q = le64toh(o->entry.items[i].object_offset);
-                le_hash = o->entry.items[i].hash;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(from, OBJECT_DATA, q, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (le_hash != o->data.hash)
-                        return -EBADMSG;
-
-                l = le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, data.payload);
-                t = (size_t) l;
-
-                /* We hit the limit on 32bit machines */
-                if ((uint64_t) t != l)
-                        return -E2BIG;
-
-                if (o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSION_MASK) {
-#if defined(HAVE_XZ) || defined(HAVE_LZ4)
-                        size_t rsize = 0;
-
-                        r = decompress_blob(o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSION_MASK,
-                                            o->data.payload, l, &from->compress_buffer, &from->compress_buffer_size, &rsize, 0);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-
-                        data = from->compress_buffer;
-                        l = rsize;
-#else
-                        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
-#endif
-                } else
-                        data = o->data.payload;
-
-                r = journal_file_append_data(to, data, l, &u, &h);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                xor_hash ^= le64toh(u->data.hash);
-                items[i].object_offset = htole64(h);
-                items[i].hash = u->data.hash;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(from, OBJECT_ENTRY, p, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-
-        r = journal_file_append_entry_internal(to, &ts, xor_hash, items, n, seqnum, ret, offset);
-
-        if (mmap_cache_got_sigbus(to->mmap, to->fd))
-                return -EIO;
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-void journal_default_metrics(JournalMetrics *m, int fd) {
-        uint64_t fs_size = 0;
-        struct statvfs ss;
-        char a[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], b[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], c[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], d[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
-
-        assert(m);
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-
-        if (fstatvfs(fd, &ss) >= 0)
-                fs_size = ss.f_frsize * ss.f_blocks;
-
-        if (m->max_use == (uint64_t) -1) {
-
-                if (fs_size > 0) {
-                        m->max_use = PAGE_ALIGN(fs_size / 10); /* 10% of file system size */
-
-                        if (m->max_use > DEFAULT_MAX_USE_UPPER)
-                                m->max_use = DEFAULT_MAX_USE_UPPER;
-
-                        if (m->max_use < DEFAULT_MAX_USE_LOWER)
-                                m->max_use = DEFAULT_MAX_USE_LOWER;
-                } else
-                        m->max_use = DEFAULT_MAX_USE_LOWER;
-        } else {
-                m->max_use = PAGE_ALIGN(m->max_use);
-
-                if (m->max_use < JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN*2)
-                        m->max_use = JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN*2;
-        }
-
-        if (m->max_size == (uint64_t) -1) {
-                m->max_size = PAGE_ALIGN(m->max_use / 8); /* 8 chunks */
-
-                if (m->max_size > DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE_UPPER)
-                        m->max_size = DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE_UPPER;
-        } else
-                m->max_size = PAGE_ALIGN(m->max_size);
-
-        if (m->max_size < JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN)
-                m->max_size = JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN;
-
-        if (m->max_size*2 > m->max_use)
-                m->max_use = m->max_size*2;
-
-        if (m->min_size == (uint64_t) -1)
-                m->min_size = JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN;
-        else {
-                m->min_size = PAGE_ALIGN(m->min_size);
-
-                if (m->min_size < JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN)
-                        m->min_size = JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN;
-
-                if (m->min_size > m->max_size)
-                        m->max_size = m->min_size;
-        }
-
-        if (m->keep_free == (uint64_t) -1) {
-
-                if (fs_size > 0) {
-                        m->keep_free = PAGE_ALIGN(fs_size * 3 / 20); /* 15% of file system size */
-
-                        if (m->keep_free > DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE_UPPER)
-                                m->keep_free = DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE_UPPER;
-
-                } else
-                        m->keep_free = DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE;
-        }
-
-        log_debug("Fixed max_use=%s max_size=%s min_size=%s keep_free=%s",
-                  format_bytes(a, sizeof(a), m->max_use),
-                  format_bytes(b, sizeof(b), m->max_size),
-                  format_bytes(c, sizeof(c), m->min_size),
-                  format_bytes(d, sizeof(d), m->keep_free));
-}
-
-int journal_file_get_cutoff_realtime_usec(JournalFile *f, usec_t *from, usec_t *to) {
-        assert(f);
-        assert(from || to);
-
-        if (from) {
-                if (f->header->head_entry_realtime == 0)
-                        return -ENOENT;
-
-                *from = le64toh(f->header->head_entry_realtime);
-        }
-
-        if (to) {
-                if (f->header->tail_entry_realtime == 0)
-                        return -ENOENT;
-
-                *to = le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_realtime);
-        }
-
-        return 1;
-}
-
-int journal_file_get_cutoff_monotonic_usec(JournalFile *f, sd_id128_t boot_id, usec_t *from, usec_t *to) {
-        Object *o;
-        uint64_t p;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(f);
-        assert(from || to);
-
-        r = find_data_object_by_boot_id(f, boot_id, &o, &p);
-        if (r <= 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (le64toh(o->data.n_entries) <= 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        if (from) {
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, le64toh(o->data.entry_offset), &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                *from = le64toh(o->entry.monotonic);
-        }
-
-        if (to) {
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                r = generic_array_get_plus_one(f,
-                                               le64toh(o->data.entry_offset),
-                                               le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset),
-                                               le64toh(o->data.n_entries)-1,
-                                               &o, NULL);
-                if (r <= 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                *to = le64toh(o->entry.monotonic);
-        }
-
-        return 1;
-}
-
-bool journal_file_rotate_suggested(JournalFile *f, usec_t max_file_usec) {
-        assert(f);
-
-        /* If we gained new header fields we gained new features,
-         * hence suggest a rotation */
-        if (le64toh(f->header->header_size) < sizeof(Header)) {
-                log_debug("%s uses an outdated header, suggesting rotation.", f->path);
-                return true;
-        }
-
-        /* Let's check if the hash tables grew over a certain fill
-         * level (75%, borrowing this value from Java's hash table
-         * implementation), and if so suggest a rotation. To calculate
-         * the fill level we need the n_data field, which only exists
-         * in newer versions. */
-
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_data))
-                if (le64toh(f->header->n_data) * 4ULL > (le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem)) * 3ULL) {
-                        log_debug("Data hash table of %s has a fill level at %.1f (%"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64" items, %llu file size, %"PRIu64" bytes per hash table item), suggesting rotation.",
-                                  f->path,
-                                  100.0 * (double) le64toh(f->header->n_data) / ((double) (le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem))),
-                                  le64toh(f->header->n_data),
-                                  le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem),
-                                  (unsigned long long) f->last_stat.st_size,
-                                  f->last_stat.st_size / le64toh(f->header->n_data));
-                        return true;
-                }
-
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_fields))
-                if (le64toh(f->header->n_fields) * 4ULL > (le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem)) * 3ULL) {
-                        log_debug("Field hash table of %s has a fill level at %.1f (%"PRIu64" of %"PRIu64" items), suggesting rotation.",
-                                  f->path,
-                                  100.0 * (double) le64toh(f->header->n_fields) / ((double) (le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem))),
-                                  le64toh(f->header->n_fields),
-                                  le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem));
-                        return true;
-                }
-
-        /* Are the data objects properly indexed by field objects? */
-        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_data) &&
-            JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_fields) &&
-            le64toh(f->header->n_data) > 0 &&
-            le64toh(f->header->n_fields) == 0)
-                return true;
-
-        if (max_file_usec > 0) {
-                usec_t t, h;
-
-                h = le64toh(f->header->head_entry_realtime);
-                t = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
-
-                if (h > 0 && t > h + max_file_usec)
-                        return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-}