Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- General Public License for more details.
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-->
<refnamediv>
<refname>systemd</refname>
<refname>init</refname>
- <refpurpose>systemd System and Session Manager</refpurpose>
+ <refpurpose>systemd system and service manager</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
- <para>systemd is a system and session manager for
+ <para>systemd is a system and service manager for
Linux operating systems. When run as first process on
boot (as PID 1), it acts as init system that brings
up and maintains userspace services.</para>
<para>When run as system instance, systemd interprets
the configuration file
<filename>system.conf</filename>, otherwise
- <filename>session.conf</filename>. See
+ <filename>user.conf</filename>. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for more information.</para>
</refsect1>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--system</option></term>
- <term><option>--session</option></term>
+ <term><option>--user</option></term>
<listitem><para>Tell systemd to run a
- system instance (resp. session
+ system instance (resp. user
instance), even if the process ID is
not 1 (resp. is 1), i.e. systemd is
not (resp. is) run as init process.
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--dump-core</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Dump core on crash. This switch has no effect when run as session instance.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Dump core on
+ crash. This switch has no effect when
+ run as user
+ instance.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--crash-shell</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Run shell on crash. This switch has no effect when run as session instance.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Run shell on
+ crash. This switch has no effect when
+ run as user
+ instance.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--confirm-spawn</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Ask for confirmation when spawning processes. This switch has no effect when run as session instance.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Ask for confirmation
+ when spawning processes. This switch
+ has no effect when run as user
+ instance.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--show-status=</option></term>
<listitem><para>Show terse service
status information while booting. This
- switch has no effect when run as
- session instance. Takes a boolean
- argument which may be omitted
- which is interpreted as
- <option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--sysv-console=</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Controls whether
- output of SysV init scripts will be
- directed to the console. This switch
- has no effect when run as session
+ switch has no effect when run as user
instance. Takes a boolean argument
which may be omitted which is
interpreted as
<listitem><para>Set log
target. Argument must be one of
<option>console</option>,
+ <option>journal</option>,
<option>syslog</option>,
<option>kmsg</option>,
+ <option>journal-or-kmsg</option>,
<option>syslog-or-kmsg</option>,
<option>null</option>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
it defaults to
<option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--default-standard-output=</option></term>
+ <term><option>--default-standard-error=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the default
+ output resp. error output for all
+ services and sockets, i.e. controls
+ the default for
+ <option>StandardOutput=</option>
+ resp. <option>StandardError=</option>
+ (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details). Takes one of
+ <option>inherit</option>,
+ <option>null</option>,
+ <option>tty</option>,
+ <option>journal</option>,
+ <option>journal+console</option>,
+ <option>syslog</option>,
+ <option>syslog+console</option>,
+ <option>kmsg</option>,
+ <option>kmsg+console</option>. If the
+ argument is omitted
+ <option>--default-standard-output=</option>
+ defaults to <option>journal</option>
+ and
+ <option>--default-standard-error=</option>
+ to
+ <option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
by systemd are covered by the <ulink
url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InterfaceStabilityPromise">Interface
Stability Promise</ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>Units may be generated dynamically at boot and
+ system manager reload time, for example based on other
+ configuration files or parameters passed on the kernel
+ command line. For details see the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators">Generators
+ Specification</ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>Systems which invoke systemd in a container
+ resp. initrd environment should implement the
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ContainerInterface">Container
+ Interface</ulink> resp. <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InitrdInterface">initrd
+ Interface</ulink> specifications.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<command>pkg-config systemd
--variable=systemdsystemunitdir</command>. Other
directories checked are
- <filename>/usr/local/share/systemd/system</filename>
+ <filename>/usr/local/lib/systemd/system</filename>
and
- <filename>/usr/share/systemd/system</filename>. User
+ <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system</filename>. User
configuration always takes
precedence. <command>pkg-config
systemd
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
- <term>Session unit directories</term>
+ <term>User unit directories</term>
<listitem><para>Similar rules apply
- for the session unit
+ for the user unit
directories. However, here the <ulink
url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG
Base Directory specification</ulink>
units. Applications should place their
unit files in the directory returned
by <command>pkg-config systemd
- --variable=systemdsessionunitdir</command>. Global
+ --variable=systemduserunitdir</command>. Global
configuration is done in the directory
reported by <command>pkg-config
systemd
- --variable=systemdsessionconfdir</command>. The
+ --variable=systemduserconfdir</command>. The
<command>enable</command> and
<command>disable</command> commands of
the
to <command>systemctl
daemon-reexec</command>.</para>
- <para>systemd session managers will
+ <para>systemd user managers will
start the
<filename>exit.target</filename> unit
when this signal is received. This is
mostly equivalent to
- <command>systemctl --session start
+ <command>systemctl --user start
exit.target</command>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<command>systemctl start
ctl-alt-del.target</command>.</para>
- <para>systemd session managers
+ <para>systemd user managers
treat this signal the same way as
SIGTERM.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
kbrequest.target</command>.</para>
<para>This signal is ignored by
- systemd session
+ systemd user
managers.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<command>systemctl start
reboot.target</command>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+6</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reboots the machine via kexec,
+ starts the
+ <filename>kexec.target</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl start
+ kexec.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+13</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately halts the machine.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+14</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately powers off the machine.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+15</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately reboots the machine.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+16</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately reboots the machine with kexec.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+20</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enables display of
+ status messages on the console, as
+ controlled via
+ <varname>systemd.show_status=1</varname>
+ on the kernel command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+21</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Disables display of
+ status messages on the console, as
+ controlled via
+ <varname>systemd.show_status=0</varname>
+ on the kernel command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+22</term>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+23</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the log level to
+ <literal>debug</literal>
+ (resp. <literal>info</literal> on
+ <literal>SIGRTMIN+23</literal>), as
+ controlled via
+ <varname>systemd.log_level=debug</varname>
+ (resp. <varname>systemd.log_level=info</varname>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+23</literal>) on
+ the kernel command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+26</term>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+27</term>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+28</term>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+29</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the log level to
+ <literal>journal-or-kmsg</literal>
+ (resp. <literal>console</literal> on
+ <literal>SIGRTMIN+27</literal>;
+ resp. <literal>kmsg</literal> on
+ <literal>SIGRTMIN+28</literal>;
+ resp. <literal>syslog-or-kmsg</literal>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+29</literal>), as
+ controlled via
+ <varname>systemd.log_target=journal-or-kmsg</varname>
+ (resp. <varname>systemd.log_target=console</varname>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+27</literal>;
+ resp. <varname>systemd.log_target=kmsg</varname>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+28</literal>;
+ resp
+ <varname>systemd.log_target=syslog-or-kmsg</varname>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+29</literal>) on
+ the kernel command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<term><varname>$XDG_DATA_HOME</varname></term>
<term><varname>$XDG_DATA_DIRS</varname></term>
- <listitem><para>The systemd session
+ <listitem><para>The systemd user
manager uses these variables in
accordance to the <ulink
url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG
<refsect1>
<title>Kernel Command Line</title>
- <para>When run as system instance systemd parses a few kernel command line arguments:</para>
+ <para>When run as system instance systemd parses a
+ number of kernel command line
+ arguments<footnote><para>If run inside a Linux
+ container these arguments may be passed as command
+ line arguments to systemd itself, next to any of the
+ command line options listed in the Options section
+ above. If run outside of Linux containers, these
+ arguments are parsed from
+ <filename>/proc/cmdline</filename>
+ instead.</para></footnote>:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>systemd.unit=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.systemd.unit=</varname></term>
<listitem><para>Overrides the unit to
activate on boot. Defaults to
<filename>rescue.target</filename> or
<filename>emergency.service</filename>. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for details about these
- units.</para></listitem>
+ for details about these units. The
+ option prefixed with
+ <literal>rd.</literal> is honoured
+ only in the initial RAM disk (initrd),
+ while the one that isn't prefixed only
+ in the main system.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
argument. If <option>true</option>
shows terse service status updates on
the console during bootup. Defaults to
- <option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>systemd.sysv_console=</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
- argument. If <option>true</option>
- output of SysV init scripts will be
- directed to the console. Defaults to
<option>true</option>, unless
<option>quiet</option> is passed as
kernel command line option in which
environment variables described above.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_output=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_error=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls default
+ standard output/error output for
+ services, with the same effect as the
+ <option>--default-standard-output=</option>
+ resp. <option>--default-standard-error=</option>
+ command line arguments described
+ above.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.setenv=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a string
+ argument in the form
+ VARIABLE=VALUE. May be used to set
+ environment variables for the init
+ process and all its children at boot
+ time. May be used more than once to
+ set multiple variables. If the equal
+ sign and variable are missing unsets
+ an environment variable which might be
+ passed in from the initial ram
+ disk.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>quiet</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If passed turns off
+ status output at boot, much like
+ <varname>systemd.show_status=false</varname>
+ would. Note that this option is also
+ read by the kernel itself and disables
+ kernel log output to the
+ kernel. Passing this option hence
+ turns off the usual output from both
+ the system manager and the
+ kernel.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>emergency</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Boot into emergency
+ mode. This is equivalent to
+ <varname>systemd.unit=emergency.target</varname>
+ and provided for compatibility
+ reasons and to be easier to type.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>single</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>s</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>S</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>1</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Boot into rescue
+ mode. This is equivalent to
+ <varname>systemd.unit=rescue.target</varname>
+ and provided for compatibility reasons
+ and to be easier to
+ type.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>2</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>3</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>4</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>5</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Boot into the
+ specified legacy SysV runlevel. This
+ is equivalent to
+ <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel2.target</varname>,
+ <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel3.target</varname>,
+ <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel4.target</varname>,
+ resp. <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel5.target</varname>
+ and provided for compatibility reasons
+ and to be easier to
+ type.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>locale.LANG=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the system locale
+ to use. This overrides the settings in
+ <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename>. For
+ more information see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
+
+ <para>For other kernel command line parameters
+ understood by components of the core OS, please refer
+ to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
- <term><filename>@/org/freedesktop/systemd1/notify</filename></term>
+ <term><filename>/run/systemd/notify</filename></term>
<listitem><para>Daemon status
- notification socket. This is an AF_UNIX
- datagram socket in the Linux abstract
- namespace, and is used to implement
- the daemon notification logic as
- implemented by
+ notification socket. This is an
+ AF_UNIX datagram socket and is used to
+ implement the daemon notification
+ logic as implemented by
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><filename>@/org/freedesktop/systemd1/logger</filename></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Used internally by the
- <filename>systemd-logger.service</filename>
- unit to connect STDOUT and/or STDERR
- of spawned processes to
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- or the kernel log buffer. This is an
- AF_UNIX stream socket in the Linux
- abstract namespace.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>@/org/freedesktop/systemd1/shutdown</filename></term>
+ <term><filename>/run/systemd/shutdownd</filename></term>
<listitem><para>Used internally by the
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
tool to implement delayed
shutdowns. This is an AF_UNIX datagram
- socket in the Linux abstract
- namespace.</para></listitem>
+ socket.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><filename>@/org/freedesktop/systemd1/private</filename></term>
+ <term><filename>/run/systemd/private</filename></term>
<listitem><para>Used internally as
communication channel between
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
and the systemd process. This is an
- AF_UNIX stream socket in the Linux
- abstract namespace. This interface is
- private to systemd and should not be
- used in external
+ AF_UNIX stream socket. This interface
+ is private to systemd and should not
+ be used in external
projects.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff