systemd System and Service Manager
-CHANGES WITH 182:
+CHANGES WITH 198:
+
+ * Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in
+ files without having to edit/override the unit files
+ themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to
+ change one value for a service file foobar.service he can
+ now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into
+ /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic
+ will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the
+ main unit configuration file, possibly extending or
+ overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is
+ generally nicer than the two earlier options for changing
+ unit files locally: copying the files from
+ /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing
+ them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/
+ that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in
+ snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any
+ directory systemd looks for units in, and the usual
+ overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply
+ for them too.
+
+ * Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be
+ reset by assigning the empty string to them. For example,
+ normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new
+ environment variable assignment to the environment block,
+ each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty
+ string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is
+ particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets
+ mentioned above, since this adds the ability to reset list
+ settings from vendor unit files via these drop-ins.
+
+ * systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for
+ listing the dependencies of a unit recursively.
+
+ * Inhibitors are now honored and listed by "systemctl
+ suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only
+ GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by
+ other users.
+
+ * Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group
+ controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime
+ for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command
+ like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares
+ 2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These
+ settings are stored persistently on disk, and thus allow the
+ administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of
+ services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource
+ management logic is also available to other programs via the
+ bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is
+ supported.
+
+ * systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to
+ all allocated VTs, where it previously applied them only to
+ the foreground VT.
+
+ * libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API
+ call.
+
+ * This release drops support for a few legacy or
+ distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing init
+ scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent,
+ $mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp,
+ $null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing
+ this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain
+ compatibility with this should carry the burden for
+ supporting this themselves and patch support for these back
+ in, if they really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and
+ $local_fs are now ignored, since systemd does not support
+ early-boot LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities
+ are implied anyway for normal services. syslog.target has
+ also been removed.
+
+ * There are new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for
+ cancelling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously,
+ both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot
+ objects themselves.
+
+ * systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support.
+
+ * The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf
+ now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as
+ last character in the line, similar in style (but different)
+ to how this is supported in shells.
+
+ * For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is
+ now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl
+ has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a
+ user systemd instance.
+
+ * nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and
+ CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for
+ the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified
+ Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires
+ audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in
+ kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in
+ context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out
+ of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed
+ one day for good in the kernel.
+
+ * nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to
+ bind mount specific directories from the host into the
+ container.
+
+ * nspawn will now mount its own devpts file system instance
+ into the container, in order not to leak pty devices from
+ the host into the container.
+
+ * systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance
+ information from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader
+ supports this, and takes it into account for boot performance
+ analysis via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported
+ only in conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported
+ by other boot loaders too. For details see:
+
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface
+
+ * A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the
+ EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory
+ exists, is empty, and no other file system has been
+ configured to be mounted there.
+
+ * logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out
+ unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be
+ used by applications as asynchronous notification for
+ system resume events.
+
+ * "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows
+ unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar
+ how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users
+ sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call UnlockSessions().
+
+ * "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a
+ seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for
+ the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics
+ card).
+
+ * tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows
+ configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that
+ shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging").
+
+ * udev default rules set the device node permissions now only
+ at "add" events, and do not change them any longer with a
+ later "change" event.
+
+ * The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses
+ now carry a message ID.
+
+ * We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this
+ continues to be work in progress.
+
+ * udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the
+ root directory to operate relative to.
+
+ * logind will now issue a background sync() request to the kernel
+ early at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early
+ instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown
+ times a little.
+
+ * A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for
+ certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview
+ and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon
+ like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by
+ graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and
+ request boot into firmware operations.
+
+ * systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match
+ the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work
+ correctly in initrds.
+
+ * Policykit previously has been runtime optional, and is now
+ also compile time optional via a configure switch.
+
+ * systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl
+ dot" has moved into systemd-analyze.
+
+ * "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print
+ the status of all active or failed units.
+
+ * Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed
+ with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue
+ operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later
+ job queuing. This is by default used to make shutdown
+ requests more robust.
+
+ * The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for
+ reading journal files.
+
+ * A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install
+ kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification:
+
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec
+
+ * Boot time console output has been improved to provide
+ animated boot time output for hanging jobs.
+
+ * A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used
+ to test socket activation with, directly from the command
+ line. This should make it much easier to test and debug
+ socket activation in daemons.
+
+ * journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show
+ journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first).
+
+ * journalctl gained a new "--pager-end" (or -e) option to jump
+ to immediately jump to the end of the journal in the
+ pager. This is only supported in conjunction with "less".
+
+ * journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works
+ similar to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than
+ system units.
+
+ * A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in
+ initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from
+ the various initrd implementations into systemd proper.
+
+ * The journal files are now owned by a new group
+ "systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access
+ to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the
+ "adm" group for that, which however possibly covers more
+ than just journal/log file access. This new group is now
+ already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this
+ daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else
+ as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs
+ up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read
+ access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns
+ the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also
+ add read access to "adm" + "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and
+ all existing/future journal files. To normal users and
+ administrators little changes, however packagers need to
+ ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at
+ package installation time.
+
+ * The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user
+ systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging
+ scripts need to create these system user/group at
+ installation time.
+
+ * timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that
+ indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not.
+
+ * systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs
+
+ * The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is
+ available.
+
+ * In addition to the SELinux and IMA policies we will now also
+ load SMACK policies at early boot.
+
+ Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke
+ Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch,
+ Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss,
+ Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer,
+ Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
+ Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin
+ Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael
+ Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil,
+ Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor
+ Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob
+ Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven
+ Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom
+ Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak)
+
+CHANGES WITH 197:
+
+ * Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to
+ monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit
+ based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri
+ 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first
+ or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is
+ a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support
+ considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on
+ the supported calendar time specification language see
+ systemd.time(7).
+
+ * udev now supports a number of different naming policies for
+ network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination
+ of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki
+ document for details:
+
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames
+
+ * Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the
+ systemd tree. It's an optional component that can graph the
+ boot in quite some detail. It's one of the best bootchart
+ implementations around and minimal in its code and
+ dependencies.
+
+ * nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source
+ tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname
+ always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak
+ requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and
+ since its code is actually trivial we decided to just
+ include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off
+ with a configure switch.
+
+ * The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting
+ whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in
+ order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was
+ only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems
+ such as ext4.
+
+ * In udev, additional device properties are now read from the
+ IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company
+ identities are attached to the devices as well.
+
+ * In service files %U may be used as specifier that is
+ replaced by the configured user name of the service.
+
+ * nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This
+ makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This
+ may be used to set up a simple containerized server system
+ using only core OS tools.
+
+ * systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors
+ when they are started for socket activation. This enables
+ implementation of socket activated nspawn
+ containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image
+ when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect
+ that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc
+ eventually.
+
+ * journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when
+ presenting log data.
+
+ * systemctl will no longer show control group information for
+ a unit if a the control group is empty anyway.
+
+ * logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the
+ system on idle.
+
+ * /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis
+ type of the system. This can be used to determine whether
+ the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or
+ tablet. This information may either be configured by the
+ user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI
+ information if possible.
+
+ * A number of PolicyKit actions are now bound together with
+ "imply" rules. This should simplify creating UIs because
+ many actions will now authenticate similar ones as well.
+
+ * Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which
+ may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an
+ AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system
+ is running on battery power.
+
+ * systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in
+ shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit
+ is in the "failed" state.
+
+ * The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file
+ globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of
+ environment files at once.
+
+ * systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific
+ distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been
+ removed, systemd is now fully generic and
+ distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as
+ a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure
+ switches. However, support for some distribution specific
+ legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We
+ recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration
+ files everybody else uses now and convert the old
+ configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions
+ already did that. If that's not possible or desirable,
+ distributions are welcome to forward port the specific
+ pieces of code locally from the git history.
+
+ * When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always
+ log the unit name in the message meta data.
+
+ * localectl will now also discover system locale data that is
+ not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked.
+
+ * logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer
+ devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required
+ to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead,
+ it will now look for all devices that are tagged as
+ "seat-master" in udev. By default framebuffer devices will
+ be marked as such, but depending on local systems other
+ devices might be marked as well. This may be used to
+ integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such
+ as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that
+ we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead,
+ and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be
+ shipped from us upstream.
+
+ Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alessandro Crismani, Auke
+ Kok, Colin Walters, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David
+ Herrmann, David Strauss, Dimitrios Apostolou, Eelco Dolstra,
+ Eric Benoit, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Henrik
+ Grindal Bakken, Hermann Gausterer, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann,
+ Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael Biebl, Michael Terry,
+ Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Oleg
+ Samarin, Pekka Lundstrom, Philip Nilsson, Ramkumar
+ Ramachandra, Richard Yao, Robert Millan, Sami Kerola, Shawn
+ Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Jarosch,
+ Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 196:
+
+ * udev gained support for loading additional device properties
+ from an indexed database that is keyed by vendor/product IDs
+ and similar device identifiers. For the beginning this
+ "hwdb" is populated with data from the well-known PCI and
+ USB database, but also includes PNP, ACPI and OID data. In
+ the longer run this indexed database shall grow into
+ becoming the one central database for non-essential
+ userspace device metadata. Previously, data from the PCI/USB
+ database was only attached to select devices, since the
+ lookup was a relatively expensive operation due to O(n) time
+ complexity (with n being the number of entries in the
+ database). Since this is now O(1), we decided to add in this
+ data for all devices where this is available, by
+ default. Note that the indexed database needs to be rebuilt
+ when new data files are installed. To achieve this you need
+ to update your packaging scripts to invoke "udevadm hwdb
+ --update" after installation of hwdb data files. For
+ RPM-based distributions we introduced the new
+ %udev_hwdb_update macro for this purpose.
+
+ * The Journal gained support for the "Message Catalog", an
+ indexed database to link up additional information with
+ journal entries. For further details please check:
+
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog
+
+ The indexed message catalog database also needs to be
+ rebuilt after installation of message catalog files. Use
+ "journalctl --update-catalog" for this. For RPM-based
+ distributions we introduced the %journal_catalog_update
+ macro for this purpose.
+
+ * The Python Journal bindings gained support for the standard
+ Python logging framework.
+
+ * The Journal API gained new functions for checking whether
+ the underlying file system of a journal file is capable of
+ properly reporting file change notifications, or whether
+ applications that want to reflect journal changes "live"
+ need to recheck journal files continously in appropriate
+ time intervals.
+
+ * It is now possible to set the "age" field for tmpfiles
+ entries to 0, indicating that files matching this entry
+ shall always be removed when the directories are cleaned up.
+
+ * coredumpctl gained a new "gdb" verb which invokes gdb
+ right-away on the selected coredump.
+
+ * There's now support for "hybrid sleep" on kernels that
+ support this, in addition to "suspend" and "hibernate". Use
+ "systemctl hybrid-sleep" to make use of this.
+
+ * logind's HandleSuspendKey= setting (and related settings)
+ now gained support for a new "lock" setting to simply
+ request the screen lock on all local sessions, instead of
+ actually executing a suspend or hibernation.
+
+ * systemd will now mount the EFI variables file system by
+ default.
+
+ * Socket units now gained support for configuration of the
+ SMACK security label.
+
+ * timedatectl will now output the time of the last and next
+ daylight saving change.
+
+ * We dropped support for various legacy and distro-specific
+ concepts, such as insserv, early-boot SysV services
+ (i.e. those for non-standard runlevels such as 'b' or 'S')
+ or ArchLinux /etc/rc.conf support. We recommend the
+ distributions who still need support this to either continue
+ to maintain the necessary patches downstream, or find a
+ different solution. (Talk to us if you have questions!)
+
+ * Various systemd components will now bypass PolicyKit checks
+ for root and otherwise handle properly if PolicyKit is not
+ found to be around. This should fix most issues for
+ PolicyKit-less systems. Quite frankly this should have been
+ this way since day one. It is absolutely our intention to
+ make systemd work fine on PolicyKit-less systems, and we
+ consider it a bug if something doesn't work as it should if
+ PolicyKit is not around.
+
+ * For embedded systems it is now possible to build udev and
+ systemd without blkid and/or kmod support.
+
+ * "systemctl switch-root" is now capable of switching root
+ more than once. I.e. in addition to transitions from the
+ initrd to the host OS it is now possible to transition to
+ further OS images from the host. This is useful to implement
+ offline updating tools.
+
+ * Various other additions have been made to the RPM macros
+ shipped with systemd. Use %udev_rules_update() after
+ installing new udev rules files. %_udevhwdbdir,
+ %_udevrulesdir, %_journalcatalogdir, %_tmpfilesdir,
+ %_sysctldir are now available which resolve to the right
+ directories for packages to place various data files in.
+
+ * journalctl gained the new --full switch (in addition to
+ --all, to disable ellipsation for long messages.
+
+ Contributions from: Anders Olofsson, Auke Kok, Ben Boeckel,
+ Colin Walters, Cosimo Cecchi, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner,
+ Eelco Dolstra, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers,
+ Chun-Yi Lee, Lekensteyn, Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas,
+ Marti Raudsepp, Martin Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Michael Biebl,
+ Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nis Martensen,
+ Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Thomas
+ Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tony
+ Camuso, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 195:
+
+ * journalctl gained new --since= and --until= switches to
+ filter by time. It also now supports nice filtering for
+ units via --unit=/-u.
+
+ * Type=oneshot services may use ExecReload= and do the
+ right thing.
+
+ * The journal daemon now supports time-based rotation and
+ vacuuming, in addition to the usual disk-space based
+ rotation.
+
+ * The journal will now index the available field values for
+ each field name. This enables clients to show pretty drop
+ downs of available match values when filtering. The bash
+ completion of journalctl has been updated
+ accordingly. journalctl gained a new switch -F to list all
+ values a certain field takes in the journal database.
+
+ * More service events are now written as structured messages
+ to the journal, and made recognizable via message IDs.
+
+ * The timedated, localed and hostnamed mini-services which
+ previously only provided support for changing time, locale
+ and hostname settings from graphical DEs such as GNOME now
+ also have a minimal (but very useful) text-based client
+ utility each. This is probably the nicest way to changing
+ these settings from the command line now, especially since
+ it lists available options and is fully integrated with bash
+ completion.
+
+ * There's now a new tool "systemd-coredumpctl" to list and
+ extract coredumps from the journal.
+
+ * We now install a README each in /var/log/ and
+ /etc/rc.d/init.d explaining where the system logs and init
+ scripts went. This hopefully should help folks who go to
+ that dirs and look into the otherwise now empty void and
+ scratch their heads.
+
+ * When user-services are invoked (by systemd --user) the
+ $MANAGERPID env var is set to the PID of systemd.
+
+ * SIGRTMIN+24 when sent to a --user instance will now result
+ in immediate termination of systemd.
+
+ * gatewayd received numerous feature additions such as a
+ "follow" mode, for live syncing and filtering.
+
+ * browse.html now allows filtering and showing detailed
+ information on specific entries. Keyboard navigation and
+ mouse screen support has been added.
+
+ * gatewayd/journalctl now supports HTML5/JSON
+ Server-Sent-Events as output.
+
+ * The SysV init script compatibility logic will now
+ heuristically determine whether a script supports the
+ "reload" verb, and only then make this available as
+ "systemctl reload".
+
+ * "systemctl status --follow" has been removed, use "journalctl
+ -u" instead.
+
+ * journald.conf's RuntimeMinSize=, PersistentMinSize= settings
+ have been removed since they are hardly useful to be
+ configured.
+
+ * And I'd like to take the opportunity to specifically mention
+ Zbigniew for his great contributions. Zbigniew, you rock!
+
+ Contributions from: Andrew Eikum, Christian Hesse, Colin
+ Guthrie, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, Eelco Dolstra, Ferenc
+ Wágner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas
+ Mikulėnas, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Michael Olbrich,
+ Michael Stapelberg, Michal Schmidt, Sebastian Ott, Thomas
+ Bächler, Umut Tezduyar, Will Woods, Wulf C. Krueger, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Сковорода Никита Андреевич
+
+CHANGES WITH 194:
+
+ * If /etc/vconsole.conf is non-existent or empty we will no
+ longer load any console font or key map at boot by
+ default. Instead the kernel defaults will be left
+ intact. This is definitely the right thing to do, as no
+ configuration should mean no configuration, and hard-coding
+ font names that are different on all archs is probably a bad
+ idea. Also, the kernel default key map and font should be
+ good enough for most cases anyway, and mostly identical to
+ the userspace fonts/key maps we previously overloaded them
+ with. If distributions want to continue to default to a
+ non-kernel font or key map they should ship a default
+ /etc/vconsole.conf with the appropriate contents.
+
+ Contributions from: Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave
+ Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Tollef
+ Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 193:
+
+ * journalctl gained a new --cursor= switch to show entries
+ starting from the specified location in the journal.
+
+ * We now enforce a size limit on journal entry fields exported
+ with "-o json" in journalctl. Fields larger than 4K will be
+ assigned null. This can be turned off with --all.
+
+ * An (optional) journal gateway daemon is now available as
+ "systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". This service provides
+ access to the journal via HTTP and JSON. This functionality
+ will be used to implement live log synchronization in both
+ pull and push modes, but has various other users too, such
+ as easy log access for debugging of embedded devices. Right
+ now it is already useful to retrieve the journal via HTTP:
+
+ # systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service
+ # wget http://localhost:19531/entries
+
+ This will download the journal contents in a
+ /var/log/messages compatible format. The same as JSON:
+
+ # curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries
+
+ This service is also accessible via a web browser where a
+ single static HTML5 app is served that uses the JSON logic
+ to enable the user to do some basic browsing of the
+ journal. This will be extended later on. Here's an example
+ screenshot of this app in its current state:
+
+ http://0pointer.de/public/journal-gatewayd
+
+ Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Robert
+ Milasan, Tom Gundersen
+
+CHANGES WITH 192:
+
+ * The bash completion logic is now available for journalctl
+ too.
+
+ * We don't mount the "cpuset" controller anymore together with
+ "cpu" and "cpuacct", as "cpuset" groups generally cannot be
+ started if no parameters are assigned to it. "cpuset" hence
+ broke code that assumed it it could create "cpu" groups and
+ just start them.
+
+ * journalctl -f will now subscribe to terminal size changes,
+ and line break accordingly.
+
+ Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lukas Nykrynm, Mirco Tischler, Václav Pavlín
+
+CHANGES WITH 191:
+
+ * nspawn will now create a symlink /etc/localtime in the
+ container environment, copying the host's timezone
+ setting. Previously this has been done via a bind mount, but
+ since symlinks cannot be bind mounted this has now been
+ changed to create/update the appropriate symlink.
+
+ * journalctl -n's line number argument is now optional, and
+ will default to 10 if omitted.
+
+ * journald will now log the maximum size the journal files may
+ take up on disk. This is particularly useful if the default
+ built-in logic of determining this parameter from the file
+ system size is used. Use "systemctl status
+ systemd-journald.service" to see this information.
+
+ * The multi-seat X wrapper tool has been stripped down. As X
+ is now capable of enumerating graphics devices via udev in a
+ seat-aware way the wrapper is not strictly necessary
+ anymore. A stripped down temporary stop-gap is still shipped
+ until the upstream display managers have been updated to
+ fully support the new X logic. Expect this wrapper to be
+ removed entirely in one of the next releases.
+
+ * HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into
+ HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting
+ is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are
+ distuingishing between these keys and we should too. This
+ also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split
+ into two.
+
+ Contributions from: Dave Airlie, Eelco Dolstra, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Václav Pavlín
+
+CHANGES WITH 190:
+
+ * Whenever a unit changes state we'll now log this to the
+ journal and show along the unit's own log output in
+ "systemctl status".
+
+ * ConditionPathIsMountPoint= can now properly detect bind
+ mount points too. (Previously, a bind mount of one file
+ system to another place in the same file system could not be
+ detected as mount, since they shared struct stat's st_dev
+ field.)
+
+ * We will now mount the cgroup controllers cpu, cpuacct,
+ cpuset and the controllers net_cls, net_prio together by
+ default.
+
+ * nspawn containers will now have a virtualized boot
+ ID. (i.e. /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is now mounted
+ over with a randomized ID at container initialization). This
+ has the effect of making "journalctl -b" do the right thing
+ in a container.
+
+ * The JSON output journal serialization has been updated not
+ to generate "endless" list objects anymore, but rather one
+ JSON object per line. This is more in line how most JSON
+ parsers expect JSON objects. The new output mode
+ "json-pretty" has been added to provide similar output, but
+ neatly aligned for readability by humans.
+
+ * We dropped all explicit sync() invocations in the shutdown
+ code. The kernel does this implicitly anyway in the kernel
+ reboot() syscall. halt(8)'s -n option is now a compatibility
+ no-op.
+
+ * We now support virtualized reboot() in containers, as
+ supported by newer kernels. We will fall back to exit() if
+ CAP_SYS_REBOOT is not available to the container. Also,
+ nspawn makes use of this now and will actually reboot the
+ container if the containerized OS asks for that.
+
+ * journalctl will only show local log output by default
+ now. Use --merge (-m) to show remote log output, too.
+
+ * libsystemd-journal gained the new sd_journal_get_usage()
+ call to determine the current disk usage of all journal
+ files. This is exposed in the new "journalctl --disk-usage"
+ command.
+
+ * journald gained a new configuration setting SplitMode= in
+ journald.conf which may be used to control how user journals
+ are split off. See journald.conf(5) for details.
+
+ * A new condition type ConditionFileNotEmpty= has been added.
+
+ * tmpfiles' "w" lines now support file globbing, to write
+ multiple files at once.
+
+ * We added Python bindings for the journal submission
+ APIs. More Python APIs for a number of selected APIs will
+ likely follow. Note that we intend to add native bindings
+ only for the Python language, as we consider it common
+ enough to deserve bindings shipped within systemd. There are
+ various projects outside of systemd that provide bindings
+ for languages such as PHP or Lua.
+
+ * Many conditions will now resolve specifiers such as %i. In
+ addition, PathChanged= and related directives of .path units
+ now support specifiers as well.
+
+ * There's now a new RPM macro definition for the system preset
+ dir: %_presetdir.
+
+ * journald will now warn if it can't foward a message to the
+ syslog daemon because it's socket is full.
+
+ * timedated will no longer write or process /etc/timezone,
+ except on Debian. As we do not support late mounted /usr
+ anymore /etc/localtime always being a symlink is now safe,
+ and hence the information in /etc/timezone is not necessary
+ anymore.
+
+ * logind will now always reserve one VT for a text getty (VT6
+ by default). Previously if more than 6 X sessions where
+ started they took up all the VTs with auto-spawned gettys,
+ so that no text gettys were available anymore.
+
+ * udev will now automatically inform the btrfs kernel logic
+ about btrfs RAID components showing up. This should make
+ simple hotplug based btrfs RAID assembly work.
+
+ * PID 1 will now increase its RLIMIT_NOFILE to 64K by default
+ (but not for its children which will stay at the kernel
+ default). This should allow setups with a lot more listening
+ sockets.
+
+ * systemd will now always pass the configured timezone to the
+ kernel at boot. timedated will do the same when the timezone
+ is changed.
+
+ * logind's inhibition logic has been updated. By default,
+ logind will now handle the lid switch, the power and sleep
+ keys all the time, even in graphical sessions. If DEs want
+ to handle these events on their own they should take the new
+ handle-power-key, handle-sleep-key and handle-lid-switch
+ inhibitors during their runtime. A simple way to achiveve
+ that is to invoke the DE wrapped in an invocation of:
+
+ systemd-inhibit --what=handle-power-key:handle-sleep-key:handle-lid-switch ...
+
+ * Access to unit operations is now checked via SELinux taking
+ the unit file label and client process label into account.
+
+ * systemd will now notify the administrator in the journal
+ when he over-mounts a non-empty directory.
+
+ * There are new specifiers that are resolved in unit files,
+ for the host name (%H), the machine ID (%m) and the boot ID
+ (%b).
+
+ Contributions from: Allin Cottrell, Auke Kok, Brandon Philips,
+ Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner,
+ Eelco Dolstra, Jan Engelhardt, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas,
+ Martin Pitt, Matthias Clasen, Michael Olbrich, Pierre Schmitz,
+ Shawn Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen,
+ Václav Pavlín, Yin Kangkai, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 189:
+
+ * Support for reading structured kernel messages from
+ /dev/kmsg has now been added and is enabled by default.
+
+ * Support for reading kernel messages from /proc/kmsg has now
+ been removed. If you want kernel messages in the journal
+ make sure to run a recent kernel (>= 3.5) that supports
+ reading structured messages from /dev/kmsg (see
+ above). /proc/kmsg is now exclusive property of classic
+ syslog daemons again.
+
+ * The libudev API gained the new
+ udev_device_new_from_device_id() call.
+
+ * The logic for file system namespace (ReadOnlyDirectory=,
+ ReadWriteDirectoy=, PrivateTmp=) has been reworked not to
+ require pivot_root() anymore. This means fewer temporary
+ directories are created below /tmp for this feature.
+
+ * nspawn containers will now see and receive all submounts
+ made on the host OS below the root file system of the
+ container.
+
+ * Forward Secure Sealing is now supported for Journal files,
+ which provide cryptographical sealing of journal files so
+ that attackers cannot alter log history anymore without this
+ being detectable. Lennart will soon post a blog story about
+ this explaining it in more detail.
+
+ * There are two new service settings RestartPreventExitStatus=
+ and SuccessExitStatus= which allow configuration of exit
+ status (exit code or signal) which will be excepted from the
+ restart logic, resp. consider successful.
+
+ * journalctl gained the new --verify switch that can be used
+ to check the integrity of the structure of journal files and
+ (if Forward Secure Sealing is enabled) the contents of
+ journal files.
+
+ * nspawn containers will now be run with /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/
+ and similar symlinks pre-created. This makes running shells
+ as container init process a lot more fun.
+
+ * The fstab support can now handle PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL=
+ entries.
+
+ * A new ConditionHost= condition has been added to match
+ against the hostname (with globs) and machine ID. This is
+ useful for clusters where a single OS image is used to
+ provision a large number of hosts which shall run slightly
+ different sets of services.
+
+ * Services which hit the restart limit will now be placed in a
+ failure state.
+
+ Contributions from: Bertram Poettering, Dave Reisner, Huang
+ Hang, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin
+ Pitt, Simon Peeters, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 188:
+
+ * When running in --user mode systemd will now become a
+ subreaper (PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER). This should make the ps
+ tree a lot more organized.
+
+ * A new PartOf= unit dependency type has been introduced that
+ may be used to group services in a natural way.
+
+ * "systemctl enable" may now be used to enable instances of
+ services.
+
+ * journalctl now prints error log levels in red, and
+ warning/notice log levels in bright white. It also supports
+ filtering by log level now.
+
+ * cgtop gained a new -n switch (similar to top), to configure
+ the maximum number of iterations to run for. It also gained
+ -b, to run in batch mode (accepting no input).
+
+ * The suffix ".service" may now be ommited on most systemctl
+ command lines involving service unit names.
+
+ * There's a new bus call in logind to lock all sessions, as
+ well as a loginctl verb for it "lock-sessions".
+
+ * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call sd_journal_perror()
+ that works similar to libc perror() but logs to the journal
+ and encodes structured information about the error number.
+
+ * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-size=
+ option.
+
+ * shutdown(8) now can send a (configurable) wall message when
+ a shutdown is cancelled.
+
+ * The mount propagation mode for the root file system will now
+ default to "shared", which is useful to make containers work
+ nicely out-of-the-box so that they receive new mounts from
+ the host. This can be undone locally by running "mount
+ --make-rprivate /" if needed.
+
+ * The prefdm.service file has been removed. Distributions
+ should maintain this unit downstream if they intend to keep
+ it around. However, we recommend writing normal unit files
+ for display managers instead.
+
+ * Since systemd is a crucial part of the OS we will now
+ default to a number of compiler switches that improve
+ security (hardening) such as read-only relocations, stack
+ protection, and suchlike.
+
+ * The TimeoutSec= setting for services is now split into
+ TimeoutStartSec= and TimeoutStopSec= to allow configuration
+ of individual time outs for the start and the stop phase of
+ the service.
+
+ Contributions from: Artur Zaprzala, Arvydas Sidorenko, Auke
+ Kok, Bryan Kadzban, Dave Reisner, David Strauss, Harald Hoyer,
+ Jim Meyering, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mantas
+ Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Peter
+ Alfredsen, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, Terence Honles, Tom
+ Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 187:
+
+ * The journal and id128 C APIs are now fully documented as man
+ pages.
+
+ * Extra safety checks have been added when transitioning from
+ the initial RAM disk to the main system to avoid accidental
+ data loss.
+
+ * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-offset=
+ option.
+
+ * systemctl -t can now be used to filter by unit load state.
+
+ * The journal C API gained the new sd_journal_wait() call to
+ make writing synchronous journal clients easier.
+
+ * journalctl gained the new -D switch to show journals from a
+ specific directory.
+
+ * journalctl now displays a special marker between log
+ messages of two different boots.
+
+ * The journal is now explicitly flushed to /var via a service
+ systemd-journal-flush.service, rather than implicitly simply
+ by seeing /var/log/journal to be writable.
+
+ * journalctl (and the journal C APIs) can now match for much
+ more complex expressions, with alternatives and
+ disjunctions.
+
+ * When transitioning from the initial RAM disk to the main
+ system we will now kill all processes in a killing spree to
+ ensure no processes stay around by accident.
+
+ * Three new specifiers may be used in unit files: %u, %h, %s
+ resolve to the user name, user home directory resp. user
+ shell. This is useful for running systemd user instances.
+
+ * We now automatically rotate journal files if their data
+ object hash table gets a fill level > 75%. We also size the
+ hash table based on the configured maximum file size. This
+ together should lower hash collisions drastically and thus
+ speed things up a bit.
+
+ * journalctl gained the new "--header" switch to introspect
+ header data of journal files.
+
+ * A new setting SystemCallFilters= has been added to services
+ which may be used to apply blacklists or whitelists to
+ system calls. This is based on SECCOMP Mode 2 of Linux 3.5.
+
+ * nspawn gained a new --link-journal= switch (and quicker: -j)
+ to link the container journal with the host. This makes it
+ very easy to centralize log viewing on the host for all
+ guests while still keeping the journal files separated.
+
+ * Many bugfixes and optimizations
+
+ Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Harald Hoyer, Kay
+ Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Paul Menzel, Rex
+ Tsai, Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 186:
+
+ * Several tools now understand kernel command line arguments,
+ which are only read when run in an initial RAM disk. They
+ usually follow closely their normal counterparts, but are
+ prefixed with rd.
+
+ * There's a new tool to analyze the readahead files that are
+ automatically generated at boot. Use:
+
+ /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead analyze /.readahead
+
+ * We now provide an early debug shell on tty9 if this enabled. Use:
+
+ systemctl enable debug-shell.service
+
+ * All plymouth related units have been moved into the Plymouth
+ package. Please make sure to upgrade your Plymouth version
+ as well.
+
+ * systemd-tmpfiles now supports getting passed the basename of
+ a configuration file only, in which case it will look for it
+ in all appropriate directories automatically.
+
+ * udevadm info now takes a /dev or /sys path as argument, and
+ does the right thing. Example:
+
+ udevadm info /dev/sda
+ udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda
+
+ * systemctl now prints a warning if a unit is stopped but a
+ unit that might trigger it continues to run. Example: a
+ service is stopped but the socket that activates it is left
+ running.
+
+ * "systemctl status" will now mention if the log output was
+ shortened due to rotation since a service has been started.
+
+ * The journal API now exposes functions to determine the
+ "cutoff" times due to rotation.
+
+ * journald now understands SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for triggering
+ immediately flushing of runtime logs to /var if possible,
+ resp. for triggering immediate rotation of the journal
+ files.
+
+ * It is now considered an error if a service is attempted to
+ be stopped that is not loaded.
+
+ * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR now uses numeric UIDs instead of usernames.
+
+ * systemd-analyze now supports Python 3
+
+ * tmpfiles now supports cleaning up directories via aging
+ where the first level dirs are always kept around but
+ directories beneath it automatically aged. This is enabled
+ by prefixing the age field with '~'.
+
+ * Seat objects now expose CanGraphical, CanTTY properties
+ which is required to deal with very fast bootups where the
+ display manager might be running before the graphics drivers
+ completed initialization.
+
+ * Seat objects now expose a State property.
+
+ * We now include RPM macros for service enabling/disabling
+ based on the preset logic. We recommend RPM based
+ distributions to make use of these macros if possible. This
+ makes it simpler to reuse RPM spec files across
+ distributions.
+
+ * We now make sure that the collected systemd unit name is
+ always valid when services log to the journal via
+ STDOUT/STDERR.
+
+ * There's a new man page kernel-command-line(7) detailing all
+ command line options we understand.
+
+ * The fstab generator may now be disabled at boot by passing
+ fstab=0 on the kernel command line.
+
+ * A new kernel command line option modules-load= is now understood
+ to load a specific kernel module statically, early at boot.
+
+ * Unit names specified on the systemctl command line are now
+ automatically escaped as needed. Also, if file system or
+ device paths are specified they are automatically turned
+ into the appropriate mount or device unit names. Example:
+
+ systemctl status /home
+ systemctl status /dev/sda
+
+ * The SysVConsole= configuration option has been removed from
+ system.conf parsing.
+
+ * The SysV search path is no longer exported on the D-Bus
+ Manager object.
+
+ * The Names= option is been removed from unit file parsing.
+
+ * There's a new man page bootup(7) detailing the boot process.
+
+ * Every unit and every generator we ship with systemd now
+ comes with full documentation. The self-explanatory boot is
+ complete.
+
+ * A couple of services gained "systemd-" prefixes in their
+ name if they wrap systemd code, rather than only external
+ code. Among them fsck@.service which is now
+ systemd-fsck@.service.
+
+ * The HaveWatchdog property has been removed from the D-Bus
+ Manager object.
+
+ * systemd.confirm_spawn= on the kernel command line should now
+ work sensibly.
+
+ * There's a new man page crypttab(5) which details all options
+ we actually understand.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn gained a new --capability= switch to pass
+ additional capabilities to the container.
+
+ * timedated will now read known NTP implementation unit names
+ from /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list,
+ systemd-timedated-ntp.target has been removed.
+
+ * journalctl gained a new switch "-b" that lists log data of
+ the current boot only.
+
+ * The notify socket is in the abstract namespace again, in
+ order to support daemons which chroot() at start-up.
+
+ * There is a new Storage= configuration option for journald
+ which allows configuration of where log data should go. This
+ also provides a way to disable journal logging entirely, so
+ that data collected is only forwarded to the console, the
+ kernel log buffer or another syslog implementation.
+
+ * Many bugfixes and optimizations
+
+ Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Dave Reisner,
+ David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
+ Lukas Nykryn, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Paul Menzel,
+ Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen
+
+CHANGES WITH 185:
+
+ * "systemctl help <unit>" now shows the man page if one is
+ available.
+
+ * Several new man pages have been added.
+
+ * MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=,
+ MaxLevelConsole= can now be specified in
+ journald.conf. These options allow reducing the amount of
+ data stored on disk or forwarded by the log level.
+
+ * TimerSlackNSec= can now be specified in system.conf for
+ PID1. This allows system-wide power savings.
+
+ Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lauri Kasanen,
+ Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Marc-Antoine Perennou,
+ Matthias Clasen
+
+CHANGES WITH 184:
+
+ * logind is now capable of (optionally) handling power and
+ sleep keys as well as the lid switch.
+
+ * journalctl now understands the syntax "journalctl
+ /usr/bin/avahi-daemon" to get all log output of a specific
+ daemon.
+
+ * CapabilityBoundingSet= in system.conf now also influences
+ the capability bound set of usermode helpers of the kernel.
+
+ Contributions from: Daniel Drake, Daniel J. Walsh, Gert
+ Michael Kulyk, Harald Hoyer, Jean Delvare, Kay Sievers,
+ Lennart Poettering, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Clasen, Paul
+ Menzel, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Tom Gundersen
+
+CHANGES WITH 183:
+
+ * Note that we skipped 139 releases here in order to set the
+ new version to something that is greater than both udev's
+ and systemd's most recent version number.
+
* udev: all udev sources are merged into the systemd source tree now.
All future udev development will happen in the systemd tree. It
is still fully supported to use the udev daemon and tools without
systemd running, like in initramfs or other init systems. Building
udev though, will require the *build* of the systemd tree, but
- udev can be properly *run* without systems.
+ udev can be properly *run* without systemd.
- * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; tmpfiles should
- be used to create workarounds for broken subsystems.
+ * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; systemd-tmpfiles
+ should be used to create dead device nodes as workarounds for broken
+ subsystems.
* udev: RUN+="socket:..." and udev_monitor_new_from_socket() is
no longer supported. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() needs to be
behind by forking them off of udev rules, are unconditionally cleaned
up and killed now after the event handling has finished. Services or
daemons must be started as systemd services. Services can be
- pulled-in by udev to ge started, but they can no longer be directly
+ pulled-in by udev to get started, but they can no longer be directly
forked by udev rules.
- * systemd-logingctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed
- to logingctl and journalctl to match systemctl.
+ * udev: the daemon binary is called systemd-udevd now and installed
+ in /usr/lib/systemd/. Standalone builds or non-systemd systems need
+ to adapt to that, create symlink, or rename the binary after building
+ it.
+
+ * libudev no longer provides these symbols:
+ udev_monitor_from_socket()
+ udev_queue_get_failed_list_entry()
+ udev_get_{dev,sys,run}_path()
+ The versions number was bumped and symbol versioning introduced.
+
+ * systemd-loginctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed
+ to loginctl and journalctl to match systemctl.
* The config files: /etc/systemd/systemd-logind.conf and
/etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf have been renamed to
logind.conf and journald.conf. Package updates should rename
the files to the new names on upgrade.
+ * For almost all files the license is now LGPL2.1+, changed
+ from the previous GPL2.0+. Exceptions are some minor stuff
+ of udev (which will be changed to LGPL2.1 eventually, too),
+ and the MIT licensed sd-daemon.[ch] library that is suitable
+ to be used as drop-in files.
+
+ * systemd and logind now handle system sleep states, in
+ particular suspending and hibernating.
+
+ * logind now implements a sleep/shutdown/idle inhibiting logic
+ suitable for a variety of uses. Soonishly Lennart will blog
+ about this in more detail.
+
+ * var-run.mount and var-lock.mount are no longer provided
+ (which prevously bind mounted these directories to their new
+ places). Distributions which have not converted these
+ directories to symlinks should consider stealing these files
+ from git history and add them downstream.
+
+ * We introduced the Documentation= field for units and added
+ this to all our shipped units. This is useful to make it
+ easier to explore the boot and the purpose of the various
+ units.
+
+ * All smaller setup units (such as
+ systemd-vconsole-setup.service) now detect properly if they
+ are run in a container and are skipped when
+ appropriate. This guarantees an entirely noise-free boot in
+ Linux container environments such as systemd-nspawn.
+
+ * A framework for implementing offline system updates is now
+ integrated, for details see:
+ http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates
+
+ * A new service type Type=idle is available now which helps us
+ avoiding ugly interleaving of getty output and boot status
+ messages.
+
+ * There's now a system-wide CapabilityBoundingSet= option to
+ globally reduce the set of capabilities for the
+ system. This is useful to drop CAP_SYS_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_RAWIO,
+ CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or
+ even CAP_NET_ADMIN system-wide for secure systems.
+
+ * There are now system-wide DefaultLimitXXX= options to
+ globally change the defaults of the various resource limits
+ for all units started by PID 1.
+
+ * Harald Hoyer's systemd test suite has been integrated into
+ systemd which allows easy testing of systemd builds in qemu
+ and nspawn. (This is really awesome! Ask us for details!)
+
+ * The fstab parser is now implemented as generator, not inside
+ of PID 1 anymore.
+
+ * systemctl will now warn you if .mount units generated from
+ /etc/fstab are out of date due to changes in fstab that
+ haven't been read by systemd yet.
+
+ * systemd is now suitable for usage in initrds. Dracut has
+ already been updated to make use of this. With this in place
+ initrds get a slight bit faster but primarily are much
+ easier to introspect and debug since "systemctl status" in
+ the host system can be used to introspect initrd services,
+ and the journal from the initrd is kept around too.
+
+ * systemd-delta has been added, a tool to explore differences
+ between user/admin configuration and vendor defaults.
+
+ * PrivateTmp= now affects both /tmp and /var/tmp.
+
+ * Boot time status messages are now much prettier and feature
+ proper english language. Booting up systemd has never been
+ so sexy.
+
+ * Read-ahead pack files now include the inode number of all
+ files to pre-cache. When the inode changes the pre-caching
+ is not attempted. This should be nicer to deal with updated
+ packages which might result in changes of read-ahead
+ patterns.
+
+ * We now temporaritly lower the kernel's read_ahead_kb variable
+ when collecting read-ahead data to ensure the kernel's
+ built-in read-ahead does not add noise to our measurements
+ of necessary blocks to pre-cache.
+
+ * There's now RequiresMountsFor= to add automatic dependencies
+ for all mounts necessary for a specific file system path.
+
+ * MountAuto= and SwapAuto= have been removed from
+ system.conf. Mounting file systems at boot has to take place
+ in systemd now.
+
+ * nspawn now learned a new switch --uuid= to set the machine
+ ID on the command line.
+
+ * nspawn now learned the -b switch to automatically search
+ for an init system.
+
+ * vt102 is now the default TERM for serial TTYs, upgraded from
+ vt100.
+
+ * systemd-logind now works on VT-less systems.
+
+ * The build tree has been reorganized. The individual
+ components now have directories of their own.
+
+ * A new condition type ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is now available.
+
+ * nspawn learned the new -C switch to create cgroups for the
+ container in other hierarchies.
+
+ * We now have support for hardware watchdogs, configurable in
+ system.conf.
+
+ * The scheduled shutdown logic now has a public API.
+
+ * We now mount /tmp as tmpfs by default, but this can be
+ masked and /etc/fstab can override it.
+
+ * Since udisks doesn't make use of /media anymore we are not
+ mounting a tmpfs on it anymore.
+
+ * journalctl gained a new --local switch to only interleave
+ locally generated journal files.
+
+ * We can now load the IMA policy at boot automatically.
+
+ * The GTK tools have been split off into a systemd-ui.
+
+ Contributions from: Andreas Schwab, Auke Kok, Ayan George,
+ Colin Guthrie, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Ward, Elan
+ Ruusamäe, Frederic Crozat, Gergely Nagy, Guillermo Vidal,
+ Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Javier Jardón, Kay Sievers,
+ Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Léo Gillot-Lamure,
+ Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Maxim
+ A. Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michal
+ Schmidt, Nis Martensen, Patrick McCarty, Roberto Sassu, Shawn
+ Landden, Sjoerd Simons, Sven Anders, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom
+ Gundersen
+
CHANGES WITH 44:
+
* This is mostly a bugfix release
* Support optional initialization of the machine ID from the
Reding
CHANGES WITH 43:
+
* This is mostly a bugfix release
* systems lacking /etc/os-release are no longer supported.
Biebl
CHANGES WITH 42:
+
* This is an important bugfix release for v41.
* Building man pages is now optional which should be useful
Schmidt, Michał Górny, Piotr Drąg
CHANGES WITH 41:
+
* The systemd binary is installed /usr/lib/systemd/systemd now;
An existing /sbin/init symlink needs to be adapted with the
package update.
William Douglas
CHANGES WITH 40:
+
* This is mostly a bugfix release
* We now expose the reason why a service failed in the
Mike Kazantsev, Ray Strode
CHANGES WITH 39:
+
* This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many
bugfixes.
Poettering, Michal Schmidt
CHANGES WITH 38:
+
* This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many
bugfixes.
* New PropagateReloadTo=/PropagateReloadFrom= options to bind
reloading of units together.
- Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel Walsh, Dave
+ Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel J. Walsh, Dave
Reisner, Dexter Morgan, Gregs Gregs, Jonathan Nieder, Kay
Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt,
Michał Górny, Ran Benita, Thomas Jarosch, Tim Waugh, Tollef
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff