+- 8ch indent, no tabs, except for files in man/ which are 2ch indent,
+ and still no tabs
-- 8ch indent, no tabs
+- Don't break code lines too eagerly. We do *not* force line breaks at
+ 80ch, all of today's screens should be much larger than that. But
+ then again, don't overdo it, ~140ch should be enough really.
-- structs in MixedCase, variables, functions in lower_case
+- Variables and functions *must* be static, unless they have a
+ prototype, and are supposed to be exported.
-- the destructors always unregister the object from the next bigger
+- structs in MixedCase (with exceptions, such as public API structs),
+ variables + functions in lower_case.
+
+- The destructors always unregister the object from the next bigger
object, not the other way around
-- to minimize strict aliasing violations we prefer unions over casting
+- To minimize strict aliasing violations, we prefer unions over casting
-- for robustness reasons destructors should be able to destruct
+- For robustness reasons, destructors should be able to destruct
half-initialized objects, too
-- error codes are returned as negative Exxx. i.e. return -EINVAL. There
- are some exceptions: for constructors its is OK to return NULL on
- OOM. For lookup functions NULL is fine too for "not found".
+- Error codes are returned as negative Exxx. e.g. return -EINVAL. There
+ are some exceptions: for constructors, it is OK to return NULL on
+ OOM. For lookup functions, NULL is fine too for "not found".
+
+ Be strict with this. When you write a function that can fail due to
+ more than one cause, it *really* should have "int" as return value
+ for the error code.
+
+- Do not bother with error checking whether writing to stdout/stderr
+ worked.
+
+- Do not log errors from "library" code, only do so from "main
+ program" code. (With one exception: it is OK to log with DEBUG level
+ from any code, with the exception of maybe inner loops).
+
+- Always check OOM. There is no excuse. In program code, you can use
+ "log_oom()" for then printing a short message, but not in "library" code.
+
+- Do not issue NSS requests (that includes user name and host name
+ lookups) from PID 1 as this might trigger deadlocks when those
+ lookups involve synchronously talking to services that we would need
+ to start up
+
+- Do not synchronously talk to any other service from PID 1, due to
+ risk of deadlocks
+
+- Avoid fixed-size string buffers, unless you really know the maximum
+ size and that maximum size is small. They are a source of errors,
+ since they possibly result in truncated strings. It is often nicer
+ to use dynamic memory, alloca() or VLAs. If you do allocate fixed-size
+ strings on the stack, then it is probably only OK if you either
+ use a maximum size such as LINE_MAX, or count in detail the maximum
+ size a string can have. (DECIMAL_STR_MAX and DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH
+ macros are your friends for this!)
+
+ Or in other words, if you use "char buf[256]" then you are likely
+ doing something wrong!
+
+- Stay uniform. For example, always use "usec_t" for time
+ values. Do not mix usec and msec, and usec and whatnot.
+
+- Make use of _cleanup_free_ and friends. It makes your code much
+ nicer to read!
+
+- Be exceptionally careful when formatting and parsing floating point
+ numbers. Their syntax is locale dependent (i.e. "5.000" in en_US is
+ generally understood as 5, while on de_DE as 5000.).
+
+- Try to use this:
+
+ void foo() {
+ }
+
+ instead of this:
+
+ void foo()
+ {
+ }
+
+ But it is OK if you do not.
+
+- Single-line "if" blocks should not be enclosed in {}. Use this:
+
+ if (foobar)
+ waldo();
+
+ instead of this:
+
+ if (foobar) {
+ waldo();
+ }
+
+- Do not write "foo ()", write "foo()".
+
+- Please use streq() and strneq() instead of strcmp(), strncmp() where applicable.
+
+- Please do not allocate variables on the stack in the middle of code,
+ even if C99 allows it. Wrong:
+
+ {
+ a = 5;
+ int b;
+ b = a;
+ }
+
+ Right:
+
+ {
+ int b;
+ a = 5;
+ b = a;
+ }
+
+- Unless you allocate an array, "double" is always the better choice
+ than "float". Processors speak "double" natively anyway, so this is
+ no speed benefit, and on calls like printf() "float"s get promoted
+ to "double"s anyway, so there is no point.
+
+- Do not invoke functions when you allocate variables on the stack. Wrong:
+
+ {
+ int a = foobar();
+ uint64_t x = 7;
+ }
+
+ Right:
+
+ {
+ int a;
+ uint64_t x = 7;
+
+ a = foobar();
+ }
+
+- Use "goto" for cleaning up, and only use it for that. i.e. you may
+ only jump to the end of a function, and little else. Never jump
+ backwards!
+
+- Think about the types you use. If a value cannot sensibly be
+ negative, do not use "int", but use "unsigned".
+
+- Do not use types like "short". They *never* make sense. Use ints,
+ longs, long longs, all in unsigned+signed fashion, and the fixed
+ size types uint32_t and so on, as well as size_t, but nothing else.
+
+- Public API calls (i.e. functions exported by our shared libraries)
+ must be marked "_public_" and need to be prefixed with "sd_". No
+ other functions should be prefixed like that.
+
+- In public API calls, you *must* validate all your input arguments for
+ programming error with assert_return() and return a sensible return
+ code. In all other calls, it is recommended to check for programming
+ errors with a more brutal assert(). We are more forgiving to public
+ users then for ourselves! Note that assert() and assert_return()
+ really only should be used for detecting programming errors, not for
+ runtime errors. assert() and assert_return() by usage of _likely_()
+ inform the compiler that he should not expect these checks to fail,
+ and they inform fellow programmers about the expected validity and
+ range of parameters.
+
+- Never use strtol(), atoi() and similar calls. Use safe_atoli(),
+ safe_atou32() and suchlike instead. They are much nicer to use in
+ most cases and correctly check for parsing errors.
+
+- For every function you add, think about whether it is a "logging"
+ function or a "non-logging" function. "Logging" functions do logging
+ on their own, "non-logging" function never log on their own and
+ expect their callers to log. All functions in "library" code,
+ i.e. in src/shared/ and suchlike must be "non-logging". Every time a
+ "logging" function calls a "non-logging" function, it should log
+ about the resulting errors. If a "logging" function calls another
+ "logging" function, then it should not generate log messages, so
+ that log messages are not generated twice for the same errors.
+
+- Avoid static variables, except for caches and very few other
+ cases. Think about thread-safety! While most of our code is never
+ used in threaded environments, at least the library code should make
+ sure it works correctly in them. Instead of doing a lot of locking
+ for that, we tend to prefer using TLS to do per-thread caching (which
+ only works for small, fixed-size cache objects), or we disable
+ caching for any thread that is not the main thread. Use
+ is_main_thread() to detect whether the calling thread is the main
+ thread.
+
+- Command line option parsing:
+ - Do not print full help() on error, be specific about the error.
+ - Do not print messages to stdout on error.
+ - Do not POSIX_ME_HARDER unless necessary, i.e. avoid "+" in option string.
+
+- Do not write functions that clobber call-by-reference variables on
+ failure. Use temporary variables for these cases and change the
+ passed in variables only on success.
+
+- When you allocate a file descriptor, it should be made O_CLOEXEC
+ right from the beginning, as none of our files should leak to forked
+ binaries by default. Hence, whenever you open a file, O_CLOEXEC must
+ be specified, right from the beginning. This also applies to
+ sockets. Effectively this means that all invocations to:
+
+ a) open() must get O_CLOEXEC passed
+ b) socket() and socketpair() must get SOCK_CLOEXEC passed
+ c) recvmsg() must get MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC set
+ d) F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC should be used instead of F_DUPFD, and so on
+
+- We never use the XDG version of basename(). glibc defines it in
+ libgen.h. The only reason to include that file is because dirname()
+ is needed. Everytime you need that please immediately undefine
+ basename(), and add a comment about it, so that no code ever ends up
+ using the XDG version!
+
+- Use the bool type for booleans, not integers. One exception: in public
+ headers (i.e those in src/systemd/sd-*.h) use integers after all, as "bool"
+ is C99 and in our public APIs we try to stick to C89 (with a few extension).
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff