src/systemctl.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include <getopt.h>
  25 #include <stdbool.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  29 #include <termios.h>
  30 #include <unistd.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <sys/socket.h>
  33 #include <sys/stat.h>
  34 #include <stddef.h>
  35 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  36
  37 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  38
  39 #include "log.h"
  40 #include "util.h"
  41 #include "macro.h"
  42 #include "set.h"
  43 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  44 #include "special.h"
  45 #include "initreq.h"
  46 #include "strv.h"
  47 #include "dbus-common.h"
  48 #include "cgroup-show.h"
  49 #include "cgroup-util.h"
  50 #include "list.h"
  51 #include "path-lookup.h"
  52 #include "conf-parser.h"
  53 #include "sd-daemon.h"
  54 #include "shutdownd.h"
  55 #include "exit-status.h"
  56 #include "bus-errors.h"
  57 #include "build.h"
  58 #include "unit-name.h"
  59
  60 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
  61 static char **arg_property = NULL;
  62 static bool arg_all = false;
  63 static const char *arg_job_mode = "replace";
  64 static bool arg_user = false;
  65 static bool arg_global = false;
  66 static bool arg_immediate = false;
  67 static bool arg_no_block = false;
  68 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
  69 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
  70 static bool arg_no_sync = false;
  71 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
  72 static bool arg_no_reload = false;
  73 static bool arg_dry = false;
  74 static bool arg_quiet = false;
  75 static bool arg_full = false;
  76 static bool arg_force = false;
  77 static bool arg_defaults = false;
  78 static bool arg_ask_password = false;
  79 static bool arg_failed = false;
  80 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
  81 static const char *arg_kill_who = NULL;
  82 static const char *arg_kill_mode = NULL;
  83 static int arg_signal = SIGTERM;
  84 static usec_t arg_when = 0;
  85 static enum action {
  86         ACTION_INVALID,
  87         ACTION_SYSTEMCTL,
  88         ACTION_HALT,
  89         ACTION_POWEROFF,
  90         ACTION_REBOOT,
  91         ACTION_KEXEC,
  92         ACTION_EXIT,
  93         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
  94         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
  95         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
  96         ACTION_RUNLEVEL5,
  97         ACTION_RESCUE,
  98         ACTION_EMERGENCY,
  99         ACTION_DEFAULT,
 100         ACTION_RELOAD,
 101         ACTION_REEXEC,
 102         ACTION_RUNLEVEL,
 103         ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN,
 104         _ACTION_MAX
 105 } arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
 106 static enum dot {
 107         DOT_ALL,
 108         DOT_ORDER,
 109         DOT_REQUIRE
 110 } arg_dot = DOT_ALL;
 111
 112 static bool private_bus = false;
 113
 114 static pid_t pager_pid = 0;
 115
 116 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
 117 static void pager_open(void);
 118
 119 static bool on_tty(void) {
 120         static int t = -1;
 121
 122         /* Note that this is invoked relatively early, before we start
 123          * the pager. That means the value we return reflects whether
 124          * we originally were started on a tty, not if we currently
 125          * are. But this is intended, since we want colour and so on
 126          * when run in our own pager. */
 127
 128         if (_unlikely_(t < 0))
 129                 t = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
 130
 131         return t;
 132 }
 133
 134 static void spawn_ask_password_agent(void) {
 135         pid_t parent, child;
 136
 137         /* We check STDIN here, not STDOUT, since this is about input,
 138          * not output */
 139         if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO))
 140                 return;
 141
 142         if (!arg_ask_password)
 143                 return;
 144
 145         if (arg_user)
 146                 return;
 147
 148         parent = getpid();
 149
 150         /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
 151          * we go away */
 152
 153         if ((child = fork()) < 0)
 154                 return;
 155
 156         if (child == 0) {
 157                 /* In the child */
 158                 const char * const args[] = {
 159                         SYSTEMD_TTY_ASK_PASSWORD_AGENT_BINARY_PATH,
 160                         "--watch",
 161                         NULL
 162                 };
 163
 164                 int fd;
 165                 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
 166
 167                 /* Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
 168                 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
 169                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 170
 171                 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
 172                  * to set the death signal */
 173                 if (getppid() != parent)
 174                         _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 175
 176                 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
 177                 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
 178
 179                 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
 180                 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
 181
 182                 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
 183                         /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
 184                          * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
 185                          * ensure that when systemctl is started via
 186                          * popen() or a similar call that expects to
 187                          * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
 188                          * not delay this indefinitely by because we
 189                          * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
 190                         if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY)) < 0) {
 191                                 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
 192                                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 193                         }
 194
 195                         if (!stdout_is_tty)
 196                                 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
 197
 198                         if (!stderr_is_tty)
 199                                 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
 200
 201                         if (fd > 2)
 202                                 close(fd);
 203                 }
 204
 205                 execv(args[0], (char **) args);
 206                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 207         }
 208 }
 209
 210 static const char *ansi_highlight(bool b) {
 211
 212         if (!on_tty())
 213                 return "";
 214
 215         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 216 }
 217
 218 static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
 219
 220         if (!on_tty())
 221                 return "";
 222
 223         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 224 }
 225
 226 static bool error_is_no_service(const DBusError *error) {
 227         assert(error);
 228
 229         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 230                 return false;
 231
 232         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
 233                 return true;
 234
 235         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
 236                 return true;
 237
 238         return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
 239 }
 240
 241 static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
 242         assert(error);
 243
 244         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 245                 return r;
 246
 247         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) ||
 248             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_ONLY_BY_DEPENDENCY) ||
 249             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_ISOLATION) ||
 250             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_TRANSACTION_IS_DESTRUCTIVE))
 251                 return EXIT_NOPERMISSION;
 252
 253         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
 254                 return EXIT_NOTINSTALLED;
 255
 256         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_JOB_TYPE_NOT_APPLICABLE) ||
 257             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED))
 258                 return EXIT_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
 259
 260         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_LOAD_FAILED))
 261                 return EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED;
 262
 263         if (r != 0)
 264                 return r;
 265
 266         return EXIT_FAILURE;
 267 }
 268
 269 static int bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(DBusMessageIter *iter, int type, void *data, bool next) {
 270
 271         assert(iter);
 272         assert(data);
 273
 274         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) != type)
 275                 return -EIO;
 276
 277         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, data);
 278
 279         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(iter) != !next)
 280                 return -EIO;
 281
 282         return 0;
 283 }
 284
 285 static void warn_wall(enum action action) {
 286         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 287                 [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
 288                 [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
 289                 [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
 290                 [ACTION_KEXEC]     = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
 291                 [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
 292                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
 293         };
 294
 295         if (arg_no_wall)
 296                 return;
 297
 298         if (arg_wall) {
 299                 char *p;
 300
 301                 if (!(p = strv_join(arg_wall, " "))) {
 302                         log_error("Failed to join strings.");
 303                         return;
 304                 }
 305
 306                 if (*p) {
 307                         utmp_wall(p, NULL);
 308                         free(p);
 309                         return;
 310                 }
 311
 312                 free(p);
 313         }
 314
 315         if (!table[action])
 316                 return;
 317
 318         utmp_wall(table[action], NULL);
 319 }
 320
 321 struct unit_info {
 322         const char *id;
 323         const char *description;
 324         const char *load_state;
 325         const char *active_state;
 326         const char *sub_state;
 327         const char *following;
 328         const char *unit_path;
 329         uint32_t job_id;
 330         const char *job_type;
 331         const char *job_path;
 332 };
 333
 334 static int compare_unit_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
 335         const char *d1, *d2;
 336         const struct unit_info *u = a, *v = b;
 337
 338         d1 = strrchr(u->id, '.');
 339         d2 = strrchr(v->id, '.');
 340
 341         if (d1 && d2) {
 342                 int r;
 343
 344                 if ((r = strcasecmp(d1, d2)) != 0)
 345                         return r;
 346         }
 347
 348         return strcasecmp(u->id, v->id);
 349 }
 350
 351 static bool output_show_unit(const struct unit_info *u) {
 352         const char *dot;
 353
 354         if (arg_failed)
 355                 return streq(u->active_state, "failed");
 356
 357         return (!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(u->id, '.')) &&
 358                               streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
 359                 (arg_all || !(streq(u->active_state, "inactive") || u->following[0]) || u->job_id > 0);
 360 }
 361
 362 static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
 363         unsigned active_len, sub_len, job_len, n_shown = 0;
 364         const struct unit_info *u;
 365
 366         active_len = sizeof("ACTIVE")-1;
 367         sub_len = sizeof("SUB")-1;
 368         job_len = sizeof("JOB")-1;
 369
 370         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 371                 if (!output_show_unit(u))
 372                         continue;
 373
 374                 active_len = MAX(active_len, strlen(u->active_state));
 375                 sub_len = MAX(sub_len, strlen(u->sub_state));
 376                 if (u->job_id != 0)
 377                         job_len = MAX(job_len, strlen(u->job_type));
 378         }
 379
 380         if (on_tty()) {
 381                 printf("%-25s %-6s %-*s %-*s %-*s", "UNIT", "LOAD",
 382                        active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB", job_len, "JOB");
 383                 if (columns() >= 80+12 || arg_full)
 384                         printf(" %s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
 385                 else
 386                         printf("\n");
 387         }
 388
 389         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 390                 char *e;
 391                 int a = 0, b = 0;
 392                 const char *on_loaded, *off_loaded;
 393                 const char *on_active, *off_active;
 394
 395                 if (!output_show_unit(u))
 396                         continue;
 397
 398                 n_shown++;
 399
 400                 if (!streq(u->load_state, "loaded") &&
 401                     !streq(u->load_state, "banned")) {
 402                         on_loaded = ansi_highlight(true);
 403                         off_loaded = ansi_highlight(false);
 404                 } else
 405                         on_loaded = off_loaded = "";
 406
 407                 if (streq(u->active_state, "failed")) {
 408                         on_active = ansi_highlight(true);
 409                         off_active = ansi_highlight(false);
 410                 } else
 411                         on_active = off_active = "";
 412
 413                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(u->id, 25, 33);
 414
 415                 printf("%-25s %s%-6s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s%n",
 416                        e ? e : u->id,
 417                        on_loaded, u->load_state, off_loaded,
 418                        on_active, active_len, u->active_state,
 419                        sub_len, u->sub_state, off_active,
 420                        &a);
 421
 422                 free(e);
 423
 424                 a -= strlen(on_loaded) + strlen(off_loaded);
 425                 a -= strlen(on_active) + strlen(off_active);
 426
 427                 if (u->job_id != 0)
 428                         printf(" %-*s", job_len, u->job_type);
 429                 else
 430                         b = 1 + job_len;
 431
 432                 if (a + b + 1 < columns()) {
 433                         if (u->job_id == 0)
 434                                 printf(" %-*s", job_len, "");
 435
 436                         if (arg_full)
 437                                 printf(" %s", u->description);
 438                         else
 439                                 printf(" %.*s", columns() - a - b - 1, u->description);
 440                 }
 441
 442                 fputs("\n", stdout);
 443         }
 444
 445         if (on_tty()) {
 446                 printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
 447                        "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
 448                        "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n"
 449                        "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n");
 450
 451                 if (arg_all)
 452                         printf("\n%u units listed.\n", n_shown);
 453                 else
 454                         printf("\n%u units listed. Pass --all to see inactive units, too.\n", n_shown);
 455         }
 456 }
 457
 458 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 459         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 460         DBusError error;
 461         int r;
 462         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 463         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
 464         struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
 465
 466         dbus_error_init(&error);
 467
 468         assert(bus);
 469
 470         pager_open();
 471
 472         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 473                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 474                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 475                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 476                               "ListUnits"))) {
 477                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 478                 return -ENOMEM;
 479         }
 480
 481         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 482                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 483                 r = -EIO;
 484                 goto finish;
 485         }
 486
 487         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 488             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 489             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 490                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 491                 r = -EIO;
 492                 goto finish;
 493         }
 494
 495         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 496
 497         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 498                 struct unit_info *u;
 499
 500                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 501                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 502                         r = -EIO;
 503                         goto finish;
 504                 }
 505
 506                 if (c >= n_units) {
 507                         struct unit_info *w;
 508
 509                         n_units = MAX(2*c, 16);
 510                         w = realloc(unit_infos, sizeof(struct unit_info) * n_units);
 511
 512                         if (!w) {
 513                                 log_error("Failed to allocate unit array.");
 514                                 r = -ENOMEM;
 515                                 goto finish;
 516                         }
 517
 518                         unit_infos = w;
 519                 }
 520
 521                 u = unit_infos+c;
 522
 523                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 524
 525                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->id, true) < 0 ||
 526                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->description, true) < 0 ||
 527                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->load_state, true) < 0 ||
 528                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->active_state, true) < 0 ||
 529                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 530                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->following, true) < 0 ||
 531                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->unit_path, true) < 0 ||
 532                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &u->job_id, true) < 0 ||
 533                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->job_type, true) < 0 ||
 534                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->job_path, false) < 0) {
 535                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 536                         r = -EIO;
 537                         goto finish;
 538                 }
 539
 540                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 541                 c++;
 542         }
 543
 544         if (c > 0) {
 545                 qsort(unit_infos, c, sizeof(struct unit_info), compare_unit_info);
 546                 output_units_list(unit_infos, c);
 547         }
 548
 549         r = 0;
 550
 551 finish:
 552         if (m)
 553                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 554
 555         if (reply)
 556                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 557
 558         free(unit_infos);
 559
 560         dbus_error_free(&error);
 561
 562         return r;
 563 }
 564
 565 static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 566         static const char * const colors[] = {
 567                 "Requires",              "[color=\"black\"]",
 568                 "RequiresOverridable",   "[color=\"black\"]",
 569                 "Requisite",             "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 570                 "RequisiteOverridable",  "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 571                 "Wants",                 "[color=\"darkgrey\"]",
 572                 "Conflicts",             "[color=\"red\"]",
 573                 "ConflictedBy",          "[color=\"red\"]",
 574                 "After",                 "[color=\"green\"]"
 575         };
 576
 577         const char *c = NULL;
 578         unsigned i;
 579
 580         assert(name);
 581         assert(prop);
 582         assert(iter);
 583
 584         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(colors); i += 2)
 585                 if (streq(colors[i], prop)) {
 586                         c = colors[i+1];
 587                         break;
 588                 }
 589
 590         if (!c)
 591                 return 0;
 592
 593         if (arg_dot != DOT_ALL)
 594                 if ((arg_dot == DOT_ORDER) != streq(prop, "After"))
 595                         return 0;
 596
 597         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
 598
 599         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
 600
 601                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
 602                         DBusMessageIter sub;
 603
 604                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
 605
 606                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 607                                 const char *s;
 608
 609                                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
 610                                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
 611                                 printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" %s;\n", name, s, c);
 612
 613                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 614                         }
 615
 616                         return 0;
 617                 }
 618         }
 619
 620         return 0;
 621 }
 622
 623 static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
 624         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 625         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit";
 626         int r;
 627         DBusError error;
 628         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 629
 630         assert(bus);
 631         assert(path);
 632
 633         dbus_error_init(&error);
 634
 635         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 636                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 637                               path,
 638                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 639                               "GetAll"))) {
 640                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 641                 r = -ENOMEM;
 642                 goto finish;
 643         }
 644
 645         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 646                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
 647                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 648                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 649                 r = -ENOMEM;
 650                 goto finish;
 651         }
 652
 653         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 654                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 655                 r = -EIO;
 656                 goto finish;
 657         }
 658
 659         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 660             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 661             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
 662                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 663                 r = -EIO;
 664                 goto finish;
 665         }
 666
 667         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 668
 669         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 670                 const char *prop;
 671
 672                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
 673                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 674                         r = -EIO;
 675                         goto finish;
 676                 }
 677
 678                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 679
 680                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop, true) < 0) {
 681                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 682                         r = -EIO;
 683                         goto finish;
 684                 }
 685
 686                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
 687                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 688                         r = -EIO;
 689                         goto finish;
 690                 }
 691
 692                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
 693
 694                 if (dot_one_property(name, prop, &sub3)) {
 695                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 696                         r = -EIO;
 697                         goto finish;
 698                 }
 699
 700                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 701         }
 702
 703         r = 0;
 704
 705 finish:
 706         if (m)
 707                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 708
 709         if (reply)
 710                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 711
 712         dbus_error_free(&error);
 713
 714         return r;
 715 }
 716
 717 static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 718         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 719         DBusError error;
 720         int r;
 721         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 722
 723         dbus_error_init(&error);
 724
 725         assert(bus);
 726
 727         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 728                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 729                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 730                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 731                               "ListUnits"))) {
 732                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 733                 return -ENOMEM;
 734         }
 735
 736         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 737                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 738                 r = -EIO;
 739                 goto finish;
 740         }
 741
 742         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 743             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 744             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 745                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 746                 r = -EIO;
 747                 goto finish;
 748         }
 749
 750         printf("digraph systemd {\n");
 751
 752         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 753         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 754                 const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *following, *unit_path;
 755
 756                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 757                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 758                         r = -EIO;
 759                         goto finish;
 760                 }
 761
 762                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 763
 764                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
 765                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
 766                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
 767                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
 768                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 769                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &following, true) < 0 ||
 770                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, true) < 0) {
 771                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 772                         r = -EIO;
 773                         goto finish;
 774                 }
 775
 776                 if ((r = dot_one(bus, id, unit_path)) < 0)
 777                         goto finish;
 778
 779                 /* printf("\t\"%s\";\n", id); */
 780                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 781         }
 782
 783         printf("}\n");
 784
 785         log_info("   Color legend: black     = Requires\n"
 786                  "                 dark blue = Requisite\n"
 787                  "                 dark grey = Wants\n"
 788                  "                 red       = Conflicts\n"
 789                  "                 green     = After\n");
 790
 791         if (isatty(fileno(stdout)))
 792                 log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
 793                            "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");
 794
 795         r = 0;
 796
 797 finish:
 798         if (m)
 799                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 800
 801         if (reply)
 802                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 803
 804         dbus_error_free(&error);
 805
 806         return r;
 807 }
 808
 809 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 810         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 811         DBusError error;
 812         int r;
 813         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 814         unsigned k = 0;
 815
 816         dbus_error_init(&error);
 817
 818         assert(bus);
 819
 820         pager_open();
 821
 822         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 823                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 824                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 825                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 826                               "ListJobs"))) {
 827                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 828                 return -ENOMEM;
 829         }
 830
 831         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 832                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 833                 r = -EIO;
 834                 goto finish;
 835         }
 836
 837         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 838             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 839             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 840                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 841                 r = -EIO;
 842                 goto finish;
 843         }
 844
 845         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 846
 847         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
 848                 printf("%4s %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", "JOB", "UNIT", "TYPE", "STATE");
 849
 850         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 851                 const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
 852                 uint32_t id;
 853                 char *e;
 854
 855                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 856                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 857                         r = -EIO;
 858                         goto finish;
 859                 }
 860
 861                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 862
 863                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id, true) < 0 ||
 864                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0 ||
 865                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) < 0 ||
 866                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, true) < 0 ||
 867                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, true) < 0 ||
 868                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, false) < 0) {
 869                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 870                         r = -EIO;
 871                         goto finish;
 872                 }
 873
 874                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(name, 25, 33);
 875                 printf("%4u %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", id, e ? e : name, type, state);
 876                 free(e);
 877
 878                 k++;
 879
 880                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 881         }
 882
 883         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
 884                 printf("\n%u jobs listed.\n", k);
 885
 886         r = 0;
 887
 888 finish:
 889         if (m)
 890                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 891
 892         if (reply)
 893                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 894
 895         dbus_error_free(&error);
 896
 897         return r;
 898 }
 899
 900 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 901         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 902         DBusError error;
 903         int r;
 904         unsigned i;
 905
 906         dbus_error_init(&error);
 907
 908         assert(bus);
 909         assert(args);
 910
 911         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 912
 913                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 914                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 915                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 916                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 917                                       "LoadUnit"))) {
 918                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 919                         r = -ENOMEM;
 920                         goto finish;
 921                 }
 922
 923                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 924                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
 925                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 926                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 927                         r = -ENOMEM;
 928                         goto finish;
 929                 }
 930
 931                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 932                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 933                         r = -EIO;
 934                         goto finish;
 935                 }
 936
 937                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 938                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 939
 940                 m = reply = NULL;
 941         }
 942
 943         r = 0;
 944
 945 finish:
 946         if (m)
 947                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 948
 949         if (reply)
 950                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 951
 952         dbus_error_free(&error);
 953
 954         return r;
 955 }
 956
 957 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 958         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 959         DBusError error;
 960         int r;
 961         unsigned i;
 962
 963         dbus_error_init(&error);
 964
 965         assert(bus);
 966         assert(args);
 967
 968         if (n <= 1)
 969                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
 970
 971         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 972                 unsigned id;
 973                 const char *path;
 974
 975                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 976                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 977                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 978                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 979                                       "GetJob"))) {
 980                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 981                         r = -ENOMEM;
 982                         goto finish;
 983                 }
 984
 985                 if ((r = safe_atou(args[i], &id)) < 0) {
 986                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
 987                         goto finish;
 988                 }
 989
 990                 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
 991                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 992                                               DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 993                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 994                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 995                         r = -ENOMEM;
 996                         goto finish;
 997                 }
 998
 999                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1000                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1001                         r = -EIO;
1002                         goto finish;
1003                 }
1004
1005                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1006                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1007                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1008                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1009                         r = -EIO;
1010                         goto finish;
1011                 }
1012
1013                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1014                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1015                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1016                                       path,
1017                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
1018                                       "Cancel"))) {
1019                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1020                         r = -ENOMEM;
1021                         goto finish;
1022                 }
1023
1024                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1025                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1026                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1027                         r = -EIO;
1028                         goto finish;
1029                 }
1030
1031                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1032                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1033                 m = reply = NULL;
1034         }
1035
1036         r = 0;
1037
1038 finish:
1039         if (m)
1040                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1041
1042         if (reply)
1043                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1044
1045         dbus_error_free(&error);
1046
1047         return r;
1048 }
1049
1050 static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
1051         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1052         dbus_bool_t b = FALSE;
1053         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1054         const char
1055                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1056                 *property = "NeedDaemonReload",
1057                 *path;
1058
1059         /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a warning only */
1060
1061         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1062                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1063                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1064                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1065                               "GetUnit")))
1066                 goto finish;
1067
1068         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1069                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
1070                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1071                 goto finish;
1072
1073         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
1074                 goto finish;
1075
1076         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
1077                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1078                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1079                 goto finish;
1080
1081         dbus_message_unref(m);
1082         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1083                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1084                               path,
1085                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1086                               "Get")))
1087                 goto finish;
1088
1089         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1090                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1091                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1092                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1093                 goto finish;
1094         }
1095
1096         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1097         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
1098                 goto finish;
1099
1100         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1101             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
1102                 goto finish;
1103
1104         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1105
1106         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN)
1107                 goto finish;
1108
1109         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &b);
1110
1111 finish:
1112         if (m)
1113                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1114
1115         if (reply)
1116                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1117
1118         return b;
1119 }
1120
1121 typedef struct WaitData {
1122         Set *set;
1123         bool failed;
1124 } WaitData;
1125
1126 static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
1127         DBusError error;
1128         WaitData *d = data;
1129
1130         assert(connection);
1131         assert(message);
1132         assert(d);
1133
1134         dbus_error_init(&error);
1135
1136         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
1137                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
1138                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
1139                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
1140
1141         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
1142                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
1143                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
1144
1145         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
1146                 uint32_t id;
1147                 const char *path;
1148                 dbus_bool_t success = true;
1149
1150                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1151                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1152                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1153                                            DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
1154                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1155                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1156                 else {
1157                         char *p;
1158
1159                         if ((p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path)))
1160                                 free(p);
1161
1162                         if (!success)
1163                                 d->failed = true;
1164                 }
1165         }
1166
1167         dbus_error_free(&error);
1168         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
1169 }
1170
1171 static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
1172         DBusError error;
1173
1174         assert(bus);
1175
1176         if (private_bus)
1177                 return 0;
1178
1179         dbus_error_init(&error);
1180         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1181                            "type='signal',"
1182                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1183                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
1184                            "member='JobRemoved',"
1185                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
1186                            &error);
1187
1188         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1189                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1190                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1191                 return -EIO;
1192         }
1193
1194         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the match registrations. */
1195         return 0;
1196 }
1197
1198 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
1199         int r;
1200         WaitData d;
1201
1202         assert(bus);
1203         assert(s);
1204
1205         zero(d);
1206         d.set = s;
1207         d.failed = false;
1208
1209         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
1210                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
1211                 r = -ENOMEM;
1212                 goto finish;
1213         }
1214
1215         while (!set_isempty(s) &&
1216                dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
1217                 ;
1218
1219         if (!arg_quiet && d.failed)
1220                 log_error("Job failed. See system logs and 'systemctl status' for details.");
1221
1222         r = d.failed ? -EIO : 0;
1223
1224 finish:
1225         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
1226
1227         return r;
1228 }
1229
1230 static int start_unit_one(
1231                 DBusConnection *bus,
1232                 const char *method,
1233                 const char *name,
1234                 const char *mode,
1235                 DBusError *error,
1236                 Set *s) {
1237
1238         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1239         const char *path;
1240         int r;
1241
1242         assert(bus);
1243         assert(method);
1244         assert(name);
1245         assert(mode);
1246         assert(error);
1247         assert(arg_no_block || s);
1248
1249         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1250                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1251                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1252                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1253                               method))) {
1254                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1255                 r = -ENOMEM;
1256                 goto finish;
1257         }
1258
1259         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1260                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
1261                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
1262                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1263                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1264                 r = -ENOMEM;
1265                 goto finish;
1266         }
1267
1268         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, error))) {
1269
1270                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(error)) {
1271                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
1272                          * legacy actions. */
1273                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
1274                         goto finish;
1275                 }
1276
1277                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1278                 r = -EIO;
1279                 goto finish;
1280         }
1281
1282         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, error,
1283                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1284                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1285                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1286                 r = -EIO;
1287                 goto finish;
1288         }
1289
1290         if (need_daemon_reload(bus, name))
1291                 log_warning("Unit file of created job changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
1292                             arg_user ? "--user" : "--system");
1293
1294         if (!arg_no_block) {
1295                 char *p;
1296
1297                 if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1298                         log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
1299                         r = -ENOMEM;
1300                         goto finish;
1301                 }
1302
1303                 if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
1304                         free(p);
1305                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
1306                         goto finish;
1307                 }
1308         }
1309
1310         r = 0;
1311
1312 finish:
1313         if (m)
1314                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1315
1316         if (reply)
1317                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1318
1319         return r;
1320 }
1321
1322 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
1323         if (streq(verb, "halt"))
1324                 return ACTION_HALT;
1325         else if (streq(verb, "poweroff"))
1326                 return ACTION_POWEROFF;
1327         else if (streq(verb, "reboot"))
1328                 return ACTION_REBOOT;
1329         else if (streq(verb, "kexec"))
1330                 return ACTION_KEXEC;
1331         else if (streq(verb, "rescue"))
1332                 return ACTION_RESCUE;
1333         else if (streq(verb, "emergency"))
1334                 return ACTION_EMERGENCY;
1335         else if (streq(verb, "default"))
1336                 return ACTION_DEFAULT;
1337         else if (streq(verb, "exit"))
1338                 return ACTION_EXIT;
1339         else
1340                 return ACTION_INVALID;
1341 }
1342
1343 static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1344
1345         static const char * const table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
1346                 [ACTION_HALT] = SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,
1347                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] = SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,
1348                 [ACTION_REBOOT] = SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,
1349                 [ACTION_KEXEC] = SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET,
1350                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
1351                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
1352                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
1353                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
1354                 [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
1355                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
1356                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,
1357                 [ACTION_EXIT] = SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET
1358         };
1359
1360         int r, ret = 0;
1361         unsigned i;
1362         const char *method, *mode, *one_name;
1363         Set *s = NULL;
1364         DBusError error;
1365
1366         dbus_error_init(&error);
1367
1368         assert(bus);
1369
1370         spawn_ask_password_agent();
1371
1372         if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
1373                 method =
1374                         streq(args[0], "stop")                  ? "StopUnit" :
1375                         streq(args[0], "reload")                ? "ReloadUnit" :
1376                         streq(args[0], "restart")               ? "RestartUnit" :
1377                         streq(args[0], "try-restart")           ||
1378                         streq(args[0], "condrestart")           ? "TryRestartUnit" :
1379                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-restart")     ? "ReloadOrRestartUnit" :
1380                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-try-restart") ||
1381                         streq(args[0], "force-reload")          ? "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" :
1382                                                                   "StartUnit";
1383
1384                 mode =
1385                         (streq(args[0], "isolate") ||
1386                          streq(args[0], "rescue")  ||
1387                          streq(args[0], "emergency")) ? "isolate" : arg_job_mode;
1388
1389                 one_name = table[verb_to_action(args[0])];
1390
1391         } else {
1392                 assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(table));
1393                 assert(table[arg_action]);
1394
1395                 method = "StartUnit";
1396
1397                 mode = (arg_action == ACTION_EMERGENCY ||
1398                         arg_action == ACTION_RESCUE ||
1399                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 ||
1400                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 ||
1401                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 ||
1402                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL5) ? "isolate" : "replace";
1403
1404                 one_name = table[arg_action];
1405         }
1406
1407         if (!arg_no_block) {
1408                 if ((ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
1409                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-ret));
1410                         goto finish;
1411                 }
1412
1413                 if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
1414                         log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
1415                         ret = -ENOMEM;
1416                         goto finish;
1417                 }
1418         }
1419
1420         if (one_name) {
1421                 if ((ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s)) <= 0)
1422                         goto finish;
1423         } else {
1424                 for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
1425                         if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, args[i], mode, &error, s)) != 0) {
1426                                 ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(r, &error);
1427                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1428                         }
1429         }
1430
1431         if (!arg_no_block)
1432                 if ((r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s)) < 0) {
1433                         ret = r;
1434                         goto finish;
1435                 }
1436
1437 finish:
1438         if (s)
1439                 set_free_free(s);
1440
1441         dbus_error_free(&error);
1442
1443         return ret;
1444 }
1445
1446 static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1447         int r;
1448
1449         assert(bus);
1450         assert(args);
1451
1452         if (arg_force &&
1453             (streq(args[0], "halt") ||
1454              streq(args[0], "poweroff") ||
1455              streq(args[0], "reboot") ||
1456              streq(args[0], "kexec") ||
1457              streq(args[0], "exit")))
1458                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
1459
1460         r = start_unit(bus, args, n);
1461
1462         if (r >= 0)
1463                 warn_wall(verb_to_action(args[0]));
1464
1465         return r;
1466 }
1467
1468 static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1469         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1470         const char
1471                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1472                 *property = "ActiveState";
1473         int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
1474         DBusError error;
1475         unsigned i;
1476
1477         assert(bus);
1478         assert(args);
1479
1480         dbus_error_init(&error);
1481
1482         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1483                 const char *path = NULL;
1484                 const char *state;
1485                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1486
1487                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1488                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1489                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1490                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1491                                       "GetUnit"))) {
1492                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1493                         r = -ENOMEM;
1494                         goto finish;
1495                 }
1496
1497                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1498                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1499                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1500                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1501                         r = -ENOMEM;
1502                         goto finish;
1503                 }
1504
1505                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1506
1507                         /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
1508                         if (!arg_quiet)
1509                                 puts("unknown");
1510
1511                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1512                         dbus_message_unref(m);
1513                         continue;
1514                 }
1515
1516                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1517                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1518                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1519                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1520                         r = -EIO;
1521                         goto finish;
1522                 }
1523
1524                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1525                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1526                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1527                                       path,
1528                                       "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1529                                       "Get"))) {
1530                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1531                         r = -ENOMEM;
1532                         goto finish;
1533                 }
1534
1535                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1536                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1537                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1538                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1539                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1540                         r = -ENOMEM;
1541                         goto finish;
1542                 }
1543
1544                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1545                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1546                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1547                         r = -EIO;
1548                         goto finish;
1549                 }
1550
1551                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1552                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1553                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1554                         r = -EIO;
1555                         goto finish;
1556                 }
1557
1558                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1559
1560                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1561                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1562                         r = -EIO;
1563                         goto finish;
1564                 }
1565
1566                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
1567
1568                 if (!arg_quiet)
1569                         puts(state);
1570
1571                 if (streq(state, "active") || streq(state, "reloading"))
1572                         r = 0;
1573
1574                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1575                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1576                 m = reply = NULL;
1577         }
1578
1579 finish:
1580         if (m)
1581                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1582
1583         if (reply)
1584                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1585
1586         dbus_error_free(&error);
1587
1588         return r;
1589 }
1590
1591 static int kill_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1592         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1593         int r = 0;
1594         DBusError error;
1595         unsigned i;
1596
1597         assert(bus);
1598         assert(args);
1599
1600         dbus_error_init(&error);
1601
1602         if (!arg_kill_who)
1603                 arg_kill_who = "all";
1604
1605         if (!arg_kill_mode)
1606                 arg_kill_mode = streq(arg_kill_who, "all") ? "control-group" : "process";
1607
1608         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1609
1610                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1611                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1612                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1613                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1614                                       "KillUnit"))) {
1615                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1616                         r = -ENOMEM;
1617                         goto finish;
1618                 }
1619
1620                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1621                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1622                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
1623                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_mode,
1624                                               DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
1625                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1626                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1627                         r = -ENOMEM;
1628                         goto finish;
1629                 }
1630
1631                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1632                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1633                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1634                         r = -EIO;
1635                 }
1636
1637                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1638
1639                 if (reply)
1640                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1641                 m = reply = NULL;
1642         }
1643
1644 finish:
1645         if (m)
1646                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1647
1648         if (reply)
1649                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1650
1651         dbus_error_free(&error);
1652
1653         return r;
1654 }
1655
1656 typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
1657         char *name;
1658
1659         char *path;
1660         char **argv;
1661
1662         bool ignore;
1663
1664         usec_t start_timestamp;
1665         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1666         pid_t pid;
1667         int code;
1668         int status;
1669
1670         LIST_FIELDS(struct ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1671 } ExecStatusInfo;
1672
1673 static void exec_status_info_free(ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1674         assert(i);
1675
1676         free(i->name);
1677         free(i->path);
1678         strv_free(i->argv);
1679         free(i);
1680 }
1681
1682 static int exec_status_info_deserialize(DBusMessageIter *sub, ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1683         uint64_t start_timestamp, exit_timestamp;
1684         DBusMessageIter sub2, sub3;
1685         const char*path;
1686         unsigned n;
1687         uint32_t pid;
1688         int32_t code, status;
1689         dbus_bool_t ignore;
1690
1691         assert(i);
1692         assert(i);
1693
1694         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
1695                 return -EIO;
1696
1697         dbus_message_iter_recurse(sub, &sub2);
1698
1699         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, true) < 0)
1700                 return -EIO;
1701
1702         if (!(i->path = strdup(path)))
1703                 return -ENOMEM;
1704
1705         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1706             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
1707                 return -EIO;
1708
1709         n = 0;
1710         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1711         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1712                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1713                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1714                 n++;
1715         }
1716
1717
1718         if (!(i->argv = new0(char*, n+1)))
1719                 return -ENOMEM;
1720
1721         n = 0;
1722         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1723         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1724                 const char *s;
1725
1726                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1727                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub3, &s);
1728                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1729
1730                 if (!(i->argv[n++] = strdup(s)))
1731                         return -ENOMEM;
1732         }
1733
1734         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2) ||
1735             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &ignore, true) < 0 ||
1736             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &start_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1737             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &exit_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1738             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid, true) < 0 ||
1739             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &code, true) < 0 ||
1740             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &status, false) < 0)
1741                 return -EIO;
1742
1743         i->ignore = ignore;
1744         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) start_timestamp;
1745         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) exit_timestamp;
1746         i->pid = (pid_t) pid;
1747         i->code = code;
1748         i->status = status;
1749
1750         return 0;
1751 }
1752
1753 typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
1754         const char *id;
1755         const char *load_state;
1756         const char *active_state;
1757         const char *sub_state;
1758
1759         const char *description;
1760         const char *following;
1761
1762         const char *path;
1763         const char *default_control_group;
1764
1765         usec_t inactive_exit_timestamp;
1766         usec_t active_enter_timestamp;
1767         usec_t active_exit_timestamp;
1768         usec_t inactive_enter_timestamp;
1769
1770         bool need_daemon_reload;
1771
1772         /* Service */
1773         pid_t main_pid;
1774         pid_t control_pid;
1775         const char *status_text;
1776         bool running:1;
1777 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1778         bool is_sysv:1;
1779 #endif
1780
1781         usec_t start_timestamp;
1782         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1783
1784         int exit_code, exit_status;
1785
1786         /* Socket */
1787         unsigned n_accepted;
1788         unsigned n_connections;
1789         bool accept;
1790
1791         /* Device */
1792         const char *sysfs_path;
1793
1794         /* Mount, Automount */
1795         const char *where;
1796
1797         /* Swap */
1798         const char *what;
1799
1800         LIST_HEAD(ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1801 } UnitStatusInfo;
1802
1803 static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
1804         ExecStatusInfo *p;
1805         const char *on, *off, *ss;
1806         usec_t timestamp;
1807         char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_PRETTY_MAX], *s1;
1808         char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
1809
1810         assert(i);
1811
1812         /* This shows pretty information about a unit. See
1813          * print_property() for a low-level property printer */
1814
1815         printf("%s", strna(i->id));
1816
1817         if (i->description && !streq_ptr(i->id, i->description))
1818                 printf(" - %s", i->description);
1819
1820         printf("\n");
1821
1822         if (i->following)
1823                 printf("\t  Follow: unit currently follows state of %s\n", i->following);
1824
1825         if (streq_ptr(i->load_state, "failed") ||
1826             streq_ptr(i->load_state, "banned")) {
1827                 on = ansi_highlight(true);
1828                 off = ansi_highlight(false);
1829         } else
1830                 on = off = "";
1831
1832         if (i->path)
1833                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->path);
1834         else
1835                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off);
1836
1837         ss = streq_ptr(i->active_state, i->sub_state) ? NULL : i->sub_state;
1838
1839         if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed")) {
1840                 on = ansi_highlight(true);
1841                 off = ansi_highlight(false);
1842         } else if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active") || streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading")) {
1843                 on = ansi_highlight_green(true);
1844                 off = ansi_highlight_green(false);
1845         } else
1846                 on = off = "";
1847
1848         if (ss)
1849                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s (%s)%s",
1850                        on,
1851                        strna(i->active_state),
1852                        ss,
1853                        off);
1854         else
1855                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s%s",
1856                        on,
1857                        strna(i->active_state),
1858                        off);
1859
1860         timestamp = (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active")      ||
1861                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading"))   ? i->active_enter_timestamp :
1862                     (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "inactive")    ||
1863                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed"))      ? i->inactive_enter_timestamp :
1864                     streq_ptr(i->active_state, "activating")    ? i->inactive_exit_timestamp :
1865                                                                   i->active_exit_timestamp;
1866
1867         s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
1868         s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), timestamp);
1869
1870         if (s1)
1871                 printf(" since %s; %s\n", s2, s1);
1872         else if (s2)
1873                 printf(" since %s\n", s2);
1874         else
1875                 printf("\n");
1876
1877         if (i->sysfs_path)
1878                 printf("\t  Device: %s\n", i->sysfs_path);
1879         if (i->where)
1880                 printf("\t   Where: %s\n", i->where);
1881         if (i->what)
1882                 printf("\t    What: %s\n", i->what);
1883
1884         if (i->accept)
1885                 printf("\tAccepted: %u; Connected: %u\n", i->n_accepted, i->n_connections);
1886
1887         LIST_FOREACH(exec, p, i->exec) {
1888                 char *t;
1889                 bool good;
1890
1891                 /* Only show exited processes here */
1892                 if (p->code == 0)
1893                         continue;
1894
1895                 t = strv_join(p->argv, " ");
1896                 printf("\t Process: %u %s=%s ", p->pid, p->name, strna(t));
1897                 free(t);
1898
1899 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1900                 if (i->is_sysv)
1901                         good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status);
1902                 else
1903 #endif
1904                         good = is_clean_exit(p->code, p->status);
1905
1906                 if (!good) {
1907                         on = ansi_highlight(true);
1908                         off = ansi_highlight(false);
1909                 } else
1910                         on = off = "";
1911
1912                 printf("%s(code=%s, ", on, sigchld_code_to_string(p->code));
1913
1914                 if (p->code == CLD_EXITED) {
1915                         const char *c;
1916
1917                         printf("status=%i", p->status);
1918
1919 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1920                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1921 #else
1922                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1923 #endif
1924                                 printf("/%s", c);
1925
1926                 } else
1927                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(p->status));
1928
1929                 printf(")%s\n", off);
1930
1931                 on = off = NULL;
1932
1933                 if (i->main_pid == p->pid &&
1934                     i->start_timestamp == p->start_timestamp &&
1935                     i->exit_timestamp == p->start_timestamp)
1936                         /* Let's not show this twice */
1937                         i->main_pid = 0;
1938
1939                 if (p->pid == i->control_pid)
1940                         i->control_pid = 0;
1941         }
1942
1943         if (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0) {
1944                 printf("\t");
1945
1946                 if (i->main_pid > 0) {
1947                         printf("Main PID: %u", (unsigned) i->main_pid);
1948
1949                         if (i->running) {
1950                                 char *t = NULL;
1951                                 get_process_name(i->main_pid, &t);
1952                                 if (t) {
1953                                         printf(" (%s)", t);
1954                                         free(t);
1955                                 }
1956                         } else if (i->exit_code > 0) {
1957                                 printf(" (code=%s, ", sigchld_code_to_string(i->exit_code));
1958
1959                                 if (i->exit_code == CLD_EXITED) {
1960                                         const char *c;
1961
1962                                         printf("status=%i", i->exit_status);
1963
1964 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1965                                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1966 #else
1967                                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1968 #endif
1969                                                 printf("/%s", c);
1970
1971                                 } else
1972                                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(i->exit_status));
1973                                 printf(")");
1974                         }
1975                 }
1976
1977                 if (i->main_pid > 0 && i->control_pid > 0)
1978                         printf(";");
1979
1980                 if (i->control_pid > 0) {
1981                         char *t = NULL;
1982
1983                         printf(" Control: %u", (unsigned) i->control_pid);
1984
1985                         get_process_name(i->control_pid, &t);
1986                         if (t) {
1987                                 printf(" (%s)", t);
1988                                 free(t);
1989                         }
1990                 }
1991
1992                 printf("\n");
1993         }
1994
1995         if (i->status_text)
1996                 printf("\t  Status: \"%s\"\n", i->status_text);
1997
1998         if (i->default_control_group) {
1999                 unsigned c;
2000
2001                 printf("\t  CGroup: %s\n", i->default_control_group);
2002
2003                 if ((c = columns()) > 18)
2004                         c -= 18;
2005                 else
2006                         c = 0;
2007
2008                 show_cgroup_by_path(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c);
2009         }
2010
2011         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
2012                 printf("\n%sWarning:%s Unit file changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.\n",
2013                        ansi_highlight(true),
2014                        ansi_highlight(false),
2015                        arg_user ? "--user" : "--system");
2016 }
2017
2018 static int status_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter, UnitStatusInfo *i) {
2019
2020         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
2021
2022         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
2023                 const char *s;
2024
2025                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
2026
2027                 if (s[0]) {
2028                         if (streq(name, "Id"))
2029                                 i->id = s;
2030                         else if (streq(name, "LoadState"))
2031                                 i->load_state = s;
2032                         else if (streq(name, "ActiveState"))
2033                                 i->active_state = s;
2034                         else if (streq(name, "SubState"))
2035                                 i->sub_state = s;
2036                         else if (streq(name, "Description"))
2037                                 i->description = s;
2038                         else if (streq(name, "FragmentPath"))
2039                                 i->path = s;
2040 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
2041                         else if (streq(name, "SysVPath")) {
2042                                 i->is_sysv = true;
2043                                 i->path = s;
2044                         }
2045 #endif
2046                         else if (streq(name, "DefaultControlGroup"))
2047                                 i->default_control_group = s;
2048                         else if (streq(name, "StatusText"))
2049                                 i->status_text = s;
2050                         else if (streq(name, "SysFSPath"))
2051                                 i->sysfs_path = s;
2052                         else if (streq(name, "Where"))
2053                                 i->where = s;
2054                         else if (streq(name, "What"))
2055                                 i->what = s;
2056                         else if (streq(name, "Following"))
2057                                 i->following = s;
2058                 }
2059
2060                 break;
2061         }
2062
2063         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
2064                 dbus_bool_t b;
2065
2066                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
2067
2068                 if (streq(name, "Accept"))
2069                         i->accept = b;
2070                 else if (streq(name, "NeedDaemonReload"))
2071                         i->need_daemon_reload = b;
2072
2073                 break;
2074         }
2075
2076         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
2077                 uint32_t u;
2078
2079                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2080
2081                 if (streq(name, "MainPID")) {
2082                         if (u > 0) {
2083                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2084                                 i->running = true;
2085                         }
2086                 } else if (streq(name, "ControlPID"))
2087                         i->control_pid = (pid_t) u;
2088                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainPID")) {
2089                         if (u > 0)
2090                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2091                 } else if (streq(name, "NAccepted"))
2092                         i->n_accepted = u;
2093                 else if (streq(name, "NConnections"))
2094                         i->n_connections = u;
2095
2096                 break;
2097         }
2098
2099         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
2100                 int32_t j;
2101
2102                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &j);
2103
2104                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainCode"))
2105                         i->exit_code = (int) j;
2106                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainStatus"))
2107                         i->exit_status = (int) j;
2108
2109                 break;
2110         }
2111
2112         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
2113                 uint64_t u;
2114
2115                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2116
2117                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainStartTimestamp"))
2118                         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2119                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainExitTimestamp"))
2120                         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2121                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveEnterTimestamp"))
2122                         i->active_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2123                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveEnterTimestamp"))
2124                         i->inactive_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2125                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveExitTimestamp"))
2126                         i->inactive_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2127                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveExitTimestamp"))
2128                         i->active_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2129
2130                 break;
2131         }
2132
2133         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
2134
2135                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT &&
2136                     startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2137                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2138
2139                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2140                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2141                                 ExecStatusInfo *info;
2142                                 int r;
2143
2144                                 if (!(info = new0(ExecStatusInfo, 1)))
2145                                         return -ENOMEM;
2146
2147                                 if (!(info->name = strdup(name))) {
2148                                         free(info);
2149                                         return -ENOMEM;
2150                                 }
2151
2152                                 if ((r = exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, info)) < 0) {
2153                                         free(info);
2154                                         return r;
2155                                 }
2156
2157                                 LIST_PREPEND(ExecStatusInfo, exec, i->exec, info);
2158
2159                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2160                         }
2161                 }
2162
2163                 break;
2164         }
2165         }
2166
2167         return 0;
2168 }
2169
2170 static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
2171         assert(name);
2172         assert(iter);
2173
2174         /* This is a low-level property printer, see
2175          * print_status_info() for the nicer output */
2176
2177         if (arg_property && !strv_find(arg_property, name))
2178                 return 0;
2179
2180         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
2181
2182         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
2183                 const char *s;
2184                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
2185
2186                 if (arg_all || s[0])
2187                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
2188
2189                 return 0;
2190         }
2191
2192         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
2193                 dbus_bool_t b;
2194                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
2195                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, yes_no(b));
2196
2197                 return 0;
2198         }
2199
2200         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
2201                 uint64_t u;
2202                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2203
2204                 /* Yes, heuristics! But we can change this check
2205                  * should it turn out to not be sufficient */
2206
2207                 if (strstr(name, "Timestamp")) {
2208                         char timestamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *t;
2209
2210                         if ((t = format_timestamp(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), u)) || arg_all)
2211                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, strempty(t));
2212                 } else if (strstr(name, "USec")) {
2213                         char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
2214
2215                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), u));
2216                 } else
2217                         printf("%s=%llu\n", name, (unsigned long long) u);
2218
2219                 return 0;
2220         }
2221
2222         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
2223                 uint32_t u;
2224                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2225
2226                 if (strstr(name, "UMask") || strstr(name, "Mode"))
2227                         printf("%s=%04o\n", name, u);
2228                 else
2229                         printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
2230
2231                 return 0;
2232         }
2233
2234         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
2235                 int32_t i;
2236                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &i);
2237
2238                 printf("%s=%i\n", name, (int) i);
2239                 return 0;
2240         }
2241
2242         case DBUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
2243                 double d;
2244                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &d);
2245
2246                 printf("%s=%g\n", name, d);
2247                 return 0;
2248         }
2249
2250         case DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT: {
2251                 DBusMessageIter sub;
2252                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2253
2254                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_UINT32 && streq(name, "Job")) {
2255                         uint32_t u;
2256
2257                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
2258
2259                         if (u)
2260                                 printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
2261                         else if (arg_all)
2262                                 printf("%s=\n", name);
2263
2264                         return 0;
2265                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "Unit")) {
2266                         const char *s;
2267
2268                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2269
2270                         if (arg_all || s[0])
2271                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
2272
2273                         return 0;
2274                 }
2275
2276                 break;
2277         }
2278
2279         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
2280
2281                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
2282                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2283                         bool space = false;
2284
2285                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2286                         if (arg_all ||
2287                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2288                                 printf("%s=", name);
2289
2290                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2291                                         const char *s;
2292
2293                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
2294                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2295                                         printf("%s%s", space ? " " : "", s);
2296
2297                                         space = true;
2298                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2299                                 }
2300
2301                                 puts("");
2302                         }
2303
2304                         return 0;
2305
2306                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE) {
2307                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2308
2309                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2310                         if (arg_all ||
2311                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2312                                 printf("%s=", name);
2313
2314                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2315                                         uint8_t u;
2316
2317                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE);
2318                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
2319                                         printf("%02x", u);
2320
2321                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2322                                 }
2323
2324                                 puts("");
2325                         }
2326
2327                         return 0;
2328
2329                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Paths")) {
2330                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2331
2332                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2333                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2334                                 const char *type, *path;
2335
2336                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2337
2338                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) >= 0 &&
2339                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, false) >= 0)
2340                                         printf("%s=%s\n", type, path);
2341
2342                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2343                         }
2344
2345                         return 0;
2346
2347                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Timers")) {
2348                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2349
2350                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2351                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2352                                 const char *base;
2353                                 uint64_t value, next_elapse;
2354
2355                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2356
2357                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &base, true) >= 0 &&
2358                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &value, true) >= 0 &&
2359                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &next_elapse, false) >= 0) {
2360                                         char timespan1[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], timespan2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
2361
2362                                         printf("%s={ value=%s ; next_elapse=%s }\n",
2363                                                base,
2364                                                format_timespan(timespan1, sizeof(timespan1), value),
2365                                                format_timespan(timespan2, sizeof(timespan2), next_elapse));
2366                                 }
2367
2368                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2369                         }
2370
2371                         return 0;
2372
2373                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2374                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2375
2376                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2377                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2378                                 ExecStatusInfo info;
2379
2380                                 zero(info);
2381                                 if (exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, &info) >= 0) {
2382                                         char timestamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], timestamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
2383                                         char *t;
2384
2385                                         t = strv_join(info.argv, " ");
2386
2387                                         printf("%s={ path=%s ; argv[]=%s ; ignore=%s ; start_time=[%s] ; stop_time=[%s] ; pid=%u ; code=%s ; status=%i%s%s }\n",
2388                                                name,
2389                                                strna(info.path),
2390                                                strna(t),
2391                                                yes_no(info.ignore),
2392                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp1, sizeof(timestamp1), info.start_timestamp)),
2393                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp2, sizeof(timestamp2), info.exit_timestamp)),
2394                                                (unsigned) info. pid,
2395                                                sigchld_code_to_string(info.code),
2396                                                info.status,
2397                                                info.code == CLD_EXITED ? "" : "/",
2398                                                strempty(info.code == CLD_EXITED ? NULL : signal_to_string(info.status)));
2399
2400                                         free(t);
2401                                 }
2402
2403                                 free(info.path);
2404                                 strv_free(info.argv);
2405
2406                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2407                         }
2408
2409                         return 0;
2410                 }
2411
2412                 break;
2413         }
2414
2415         if (arg_all)
2416                 printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
2417
2418         return 0;
2419 }
2420
2421 static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
2422         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2423         const char *interface = "";
2424         int r;
2425         DBusError error;
2426         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
2427         UnitStatusInfo info;
2428         ExecStatusInfo *p;
2429
2430         assert(bus);
2431         assert(path);
2432         assert(new_line);
2433
2434         zero(info);
2435         dbus_error_init(&error);
2436
2437         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2438                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2439                               path,
2440                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2441                               "GetAll"))) {
2442                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2443                 r = -ENOMEM;
2444                 goto finish;
2445         }
2446
2447         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2448                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2449                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2450                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2451                 r = -ENOMEM;
2452                 goto finish;
2453         }
2454
2455         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2456                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2457                 r = -EIO;
2458                 goto finish;
2459         }
2460
2461         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2462             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
2463             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
2464                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2465                 r = -EIO;
2466                 goto finish;
2467         }
2468
2469         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2470
2471         if (*new_line)
2472                 printf("\n");
2473
2474         *new_line = true;
2475
2476         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2477                 const char *name;
2478
2479                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
2480                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2481                         r = -EIO;
2482                         goto finish;
2483                 }
2484
2485                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2486
2487                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0) {
2488                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2489                         r = -EIO;
2490                         goto finish;
2491                 }
2492
2493                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2494                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2495                         r = -EIO;
2496                         goto finish;
2497                 }
2498
2499                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
2500
2501                 if (show_properties)
2502                         r = print_property(name, &sub3);
2503                 else
2504                         r = status_property(name, &sub3, &info);
2505
2506                 if (r < 0) {
2507                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2508                         r = -EIO;
2509                         goto finish;
2510                 }
2511
2512                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2513         }
2514
2515         r = 0;
2516
2517         if (!show_properties)
2518                 print_status_info(&info);
2519
2520         if (!streq_ptr(info.active_state, "active") &&
2521             !streq_ptr(info.active_state, "reloading") &&
2522             streq(verb, "status"))
2523                 /* According to LSB: "program not running" */
2524                 r = 3;
2525
2526         while ((p = info.exec)) {
2527                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecStatusInfo, exec, info.exec, p);
2528                 exec_status_info_free(p);
2529         }
2530
2531 finish:
2532         if (m)
2533                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2534
2535         if (reply)
2536                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2537
2538         dbus_error_free(&error);
2539
2540         return r;
2541 }
2542
2543 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2544         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2545         int r, ret = 0;
2546         DBusError error;
2547         unsigned i;
2548         bool show_properties, new_line = false;
2549
2550         assert(bus);
2551         assert(args);
2552
2553         dbus_error_init(&error);
2554
2555         show_properties = !streq(args[0], "status");
2556
2557         if (show_properties)
2558                 pager_open();
2559
2560         if (show_properties && n <= 1) {
2561                 /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
2562                  * itself */
2563
2564                 ret = show_one(args[0], bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line);
2565                 goto finish;
2566         }
2567
2568         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2569                 const char *path = NULL;
2570                 uint32_t id;
2571
2572                 if (safe_atou32(args[i], &id) < 0) {
2573
2574                         /* Interpret as unit name */
2575
2576                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2577                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2578                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2579                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2580                                               "LoadUnit"))) {
2581                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2582                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2583                                 goto finish;
2584                         }
2585
2586                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2587                                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2588                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2589                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2590                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2591                                 goto finish;
2592                         }
2593
2594                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2595
2596                                 if (!dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) {
2597                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2598                                         ret = -EIO;
2599                                         goto finish;
2600                                 }
2601
2602                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
2603
2604                                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2605                                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2606                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2607                                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2608                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2609                                                       "GetUnit"))) {
2610                                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2611                                         ret = -ENOMEM;
2612                                         goto finish;
2613                                 }
2614
2615                                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2616                                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2617                                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2618                                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2619                                         ret = -ENOMEM;
2620                                         goto finish;
2621                                 }
2622
2623                                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2624                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2625
2626                                         if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
2627                                                 ret = 4; /* According to LSB: "program or service status is unknown" */
2628                                         else
2629                                                 ret = -EIO;
2630                                         goto finish;
2631                                 }
2632                         }
2633
2634                 } else if (show_properties) {
2635
2636                         /* Interpret as job id */
2637
2638                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2639                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2640                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2641                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2642                                               "GetJob"))) {
2643                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2644                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2645                                 goto finish;
2646                         }
2647
2648                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2649                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2650                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2651                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2652                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2653                                 goto finish;
2654                         }
2655
2656                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2657                                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2658                                 ret = -EIO;
2659                                 goto finish;
2660                         }
2661                 } else {
2662
2663                         /* Interpret as PID */
2664
2665                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2666                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2667                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2668                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2669                                               "GetUnitByPID"))) {
2670                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2671                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2672                                 goto finish;
2673                         }
2674
2675                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2676                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2677                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2678                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2679                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2680                                 goto finish;
2681                         }
2682
2683                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2684                                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2685                                 ret = -EIO;
2686                                 goto finish;
2687                         }
2688                 }
2689
2690                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2691                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2692                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2693                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2694                         ret = -EIO;
2695                         goto finish;
2696                 }
2697
2698                 if ((r = show_one(args[0], bus, path, show_properties, &new_line)) != 0)
2699                         ret = r;
2700
2701                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2702                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2703                 m = reply = NULL;
2704         }
2705
2706 finish:
2707         if (m)
2708                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2709
2710         if (reply)
2711                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2712
2713         dbus_error_free(&error);
2714
2715         return ret;
2716 }
2717
2718 static DBusHandlerResult monitor_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
2719         DBusError error;
2720         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2721
2722         assert(connection);
2723         assert(message);
2724
2725         dbus_error_init(&error);
2726
2727         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
2728                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
2729                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
2730                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
2731
2732         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
2733                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
2734                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
2735
2736         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitNew") ||
2737                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitRemoved")) {
2738                 const char *id, *path;
2739
2740                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2741                                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id,
2742                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2743                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2744                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2745                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "UnitNew"))
2746                         printf("Unit %s added.\n", id);
2747                 else
2748                         printf("Unit %s removed.\n", id);
2749
2750         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobNew") ||
2751                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
2752                 uint32_t id;
2753                 const char *path;
2754
2755                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2756                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2757                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2758                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2759                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2760                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "JobNew"))
2761                         printf("Job %u added.\n", id);
2762                 else
2763                         printf("Job %u removed.\n", id);
2764
2765
2766         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "PropertiesChanged")) {
2767
2768                 const char *path, *interface, *property = "Id";
2769                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2770
2771                 path = dbus_message_get_path(message);
2772
2773                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2774                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2775                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2776                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2777                         goto finish;
2778                 }
2779
2780                 if (!streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job") &&
2781                     !streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit"))
2782                         goto finish;
2783
2784                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2785                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2786                               path,
2787                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2788                               "Get"))) {
2789                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2790                         goto oom;
2791                 }
2792
2793                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2794                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2795                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
2796                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2797                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2798                         goto finish;
2799                 }
2800
2801                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection, m, -1, &error))) {
2802                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2803                         goto finish;
2804                 }
2805
2806                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2807                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2808                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2809                         goto finish;
2810                 }
2811
2812                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2813
2814                 if (streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit")) {
2815                         const char *id;
2816
2817                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
2818                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2819                                 goto finish;
2820                         }
2821
2822                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2823                         printf("Unit %s changed.\n", id);
2824                 } else {
2825                         uint32_t id;
2826
2827                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_UINT32)  {
2828                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2829                                 goto finish;
2830                         }
2831
2832                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2833                         printf("Job %u changed.\n", id);
2834                 }
2835         }
2836
2837 finish:
2838         if (m)
2839                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2840
2841         if (reply)
2842                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2843
2844         dbus_error_free(&error);
2845         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
2846
2847 oom:
2848         if (m)
2849                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2850
2851         if (reply)
2852                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2853
2854         dbus_error_free(&error);
2855         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
2856 }
2857
2858 static int monitor(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2859         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2860         DBusError error;
2861         int r;
2862
2863         dbus_error_init(&error);
2864
2865         if (!private_bus) {
2866                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2867                                    "type='signal',"
2868                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2869                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
2870                                    "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
2871                                    &error);
2872
2873                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2874                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2875                         r = -EIO;
2876                         goto finish;
2877                 }
2878
2879                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2880                                    "type='signal',"
2881                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2882                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',"
2883                                    "member='PropertiesChanged'",
2884                                    &error);
2885
2886                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2887                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2888                         r = -EIO;
2889                         goto finish;
2890                 }
2891         }
2892
2893         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, monitor_filter, NULL, NULL)) {
2894                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
2895                 r = -ENOMEM;
2896                 goto finish;
2897         }
2898
2899         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2900                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2901                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2902                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2903                               "Subscribe"))) {
2904                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2905                 r = -ENOMEM;
2906                 goto finish;
2907         }
2908
2909         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2910                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2911                 r = -EIO;
2912                 goto finish;
2913         }
2914
2915         while (dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
2916                 ;
2917
2918         r = 0;
2919
2920 finish:
2921
2922         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter or the matches. */
2923
2924         if (m)
2925                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2926
2927         if (reply)
2928                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2929
2930         dbus_error_free(&error);
2931
2932         return r;
2933 }
2934
2935 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2936         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2937         DBusError error;
2938         int r;
2939         const char *text;
2940
2941         dbus_error_init(&error);
2942
2943         pager_open();
2944
2945         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2946                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2947                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2948                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2949                               "Dump"))) {
2950                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2951                 return -ENOMEM;
2952         }
2953
2954         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2955                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2956                 r = -EIO;
2957                 goto finish;
2958         }
2959
2960         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2961                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
2962                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2963                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2964                 r = -EIO;
2965                 goto finish;
2966         }
2967
2968         fputs(text, stdout);
2969
2970         r = 0;
2971
2972 finish:
2973         if (m)
2974                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2975
2976         if (reply)
2977                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2978
2979         dbus_error_free(&error);
2980
2981         return r;
2982 }
2983
2984 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2985         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2986         DBusError error;
2987         int r;
2988         const char *name = "", *path, *id;
2989         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
2990         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2991         const char
2992                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
2993                 *property = "Id";
2994
2995         dbus_error_init(&error);
2996
2997         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2998                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2999                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3000                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3001                               "CreateSnapshot"))) {
3002                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3003                 return -ENOMEM;
3004         }
3005
3006         if (n > 1)
3007                 name = args[1];
3008
3009         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3010                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
3011                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
3012                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3013                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3014                 r = -ENOMEM;
3015                 goto finish;
3016         }
3017
3018         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3019                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3020                 r = -EIO;
3021                 goto finish;
3022         }
3023
3024         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3025                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
3026                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3027                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3028                 r = -EIO;
3029                 goto finish;
3030         }
3031
3032         dbus_message_unref(m);
3033         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3034                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3035                               path,
3036                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
3037                               "Get"))) {
3038                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3039                 return -ENOMEM;
3040         }
3041
3042         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3043                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
3044                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
3045                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3046                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3047                 r = -ENOMEM;
3048                 goto finish;
3049         }
3050
3051         dbus_message_unref(reply);
3052         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3053                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3054                 r = -EIO;
3055                 goto finish;
3056         }
3057
3058         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
3059             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
3060                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3061                 r = -EIO;
3062                 goto finish;
3063         }
3064
3065         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
3066
3067         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
3068                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3069                 r = -EIO;
3070                 goto finish;
3071         }
3072
3073         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
3074
3075         if (!arg_quiet)
3076                 puts(id);
3077         r = 0;
3078
3079 finish:
3080         if (m)
3081                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3082
3083         if (reply)
3084                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3085
3086         dbus_error_free(&error);
3087
3088         return r;
3089 }
3090
3091 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3092         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3093         int r;
3094         DBusError error;
3095         unsigned i;
3096
3097         assert(bus);
3098         assert(args);
3099
3100         dbus_error_init(&error);
3101
3102         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
3103                 const char *path = NULL;
3104
3105                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3106                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3107                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3108                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3109                                       "GetUnit"))) {
3110                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3111                         r = -ENOMEM;
3112                         goto finish;
3113                 }
3114
3115                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3116                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
3117                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3118                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3119                         r = -ENOMEM;
3120                         goto finish;
3121                 }
3122
3123                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3124                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3125                         r = -EIO;
3126                         goto finish;
3127                 }
3128
3129                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3130                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
3131                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3132                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3133                         r = -EIO;
3134                         goto finish;
3135                 }
3136
3137                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3138                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3139                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3140                                       path,
3141                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
3142                                       "Remove"))) {
3143                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3144                         r = -ENOMEM;
3145                         goto finish;
3146                 }
3147
3148                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3149                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3150                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3151                         r = -EIO;
3152                         goto finish;
3153                 }
3154
3155                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3156                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3157                 m = reply = NULL;
3158         }
3159
3160         r = 0;
3161
3162 finish:
3163         if (m)
3164                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3165
3166         if (reply)
3167                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3168
3169         dbus_error_free(&error);
3170
3171         return r;
3172 }
3173
3174 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3175         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3176         DBusError error;
3177         int r;
3178         const char *method;
3179
3180         dbus_error_init(&error);
3181
3182         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
3183                 method = "Reload";
3184         else if (arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC)
3185                 method = "Reexecute";
3186         else {
3187                 assert(arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL);
3188
3189                 method =
3190                         streq(args[0], "clear-jobs")    ||
3191                         streq(args[0], "cancel")        ? "ClearJobs" :
3192                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reexec") ? "Reexecute" :
3193                         streq(args[0], "reset-failed")  ? "ResetFailed" :
3194                         streq(args[0], "halt")          ? "Halt" :
3195                         streq(args[0], "poweroff")      ? "PowerOff" :
3196                         streq(args[0], "reboot")        ? "Reboot" :
3197                         streq(args[0], "kexec")         ? "KExec" :
3198                         streq(args[0], "exit")          ? "Exit" :
3199                                     /* "daemon-reload" */ "Reload";
3200         }
3201
3202         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3203                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3204                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3205                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3206                               method))) {
3207                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3208                 return -ENOMEM;
3209         }
3210
3211         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3212
3213                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
3214                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
3215                          * legacy actions. */
3216                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
3217                         goto finish;
3218                 }
3219
3220                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3221                 r = -EIO;
3222                 goto finish;
3223         }
3224
3225         r = 0;
3226
3227 finish:
3228         if (m)
3229                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3230
3231         if (reply)
3232                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3233
3234         dbus_error_free(&error);
3235
3236         return r;
3237 }
3238
3239 static int reset_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3240         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3241         unsigned i;
3242         int r;
3243         DBusError error;
3244
3245         assert(bus);
3246         dbus_error_init(&error);
3247
3248         if (n <= 1)
3249                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
3250
3251         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
3252
3253                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3254                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3255                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3256                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3257                                       "ResetFailedUnit"))) {
3258                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3259                         r = -ENOMEM;
3260                         goto finish;
3261                 }
3262
3263                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3264                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, args + i,
3265                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3266                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3267                         r = -ENOMEM;
3268                         goto finish;
3269                 }
3270
3271                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3272                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3273                         r = -EIO;
3274                         goto finish;
3275                 }
3276
3277                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3278                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3279                 m = reply = NULL;
3280         }
3281
3282         r = 0;
3283
3284 finish:
3285         if (m)
3286                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3287
3288         if (reply)
3289                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3290
3291         dbus_error_free(&error);
3292
3293         return r;
3294 }
3295
3296 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3297         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3298         DBusError error;
3299         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
3300         int r;
3301         const char
3302                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3303                 *property = "Environment";
3304
3305         dbus_error_init(&error);
3306
3307         pager_open();
3308
3309         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3310                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3311                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3312                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
3313                               "Get"))) {
3314                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3315                 return -ENOMEM;
3316         }
3317
3318         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3319                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
3320                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
3321                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3322                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3323                 r = -ENOMEM;
3324                 goto finish;
3325         }
3326
3327         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3328                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3329                 r = -EIO;
3330                 goto finish;
3331         }
3332
3333         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
3334             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
3335                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3336                 r = -EIO;
3337                 goto finish;
3338         }
3339
3340         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
3341
3342         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
3343             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
3344                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3345                 r = -EIO;
3346                 goto finish;
3347         }
3348
3349         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
3350
3351         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
3352                 const char *text;
3353
3354                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
3355                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3356                         r = -EIO;
3357                         goto finish;
3358                 }
3359
3360                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub2, &text);
3361                 printf("%s\n", text);
3362
3363                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2);
3364         }
3365
3366         r = 0;
3367
3368 finish:
3369         if (m)
3370                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3371
3372         if (reply)
3373                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3374
3375         dbus_error_free(&error);
3376
3377         return r;
3378 }
3379
3380 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3381         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3382         DBusError error;
3383         int r;
3384         const char *method;
3385         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
3386         unsigned i;
3387
3388         dbus_error_init(&error);
3389
3390         method = streq(args[0], "set-environment")
3391                 ? "SetEnvironment"
3392                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
3393
3394         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3395                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3396                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3397                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3398                               method))) {
3399
3400                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3401                 return -ENOMEM;
3402         }
3403
3404         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
3405
3406         if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
3407                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3408                 r = -ENOMEM;
3409                 goto finish;
3410         }
3411
3412         for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
3413                 if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i])) {
3414                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3415                         r = -ENOMEM;
3416                         goto finish;
3417                 }
3418
3419         if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
3420                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3421                 r = -ENOMEM;
3422                 goto finish;
3423         }
3424
3425         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3426                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3427                 r = -EIO;
3428                 goto finish;
3429         }
3430
3431         r = 0;
3432
3433 finish:
3434         if (m)
3435                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3436
3437         if (reply)
3438                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3439
3440         dbus_error_free(&error);
3441
3442         return r;
3443 }
3444
3445 typedef struct {
3446         char *name;
3447         char *path;
3448
3449         char **aliases;
3450         char **wanted_by;
3451 } InstallInfo;
3452
3453 static Hashmap *will_install = NULL, *have_installed = NULL;
3454 static Set *remove_symlinks_to = NULL;
3455 static unsigned n_symlinks = 0;
3456
3457 static void install_info_free(InstallInfo *i) {
3458         assert(i);
3459
3460         free(i->name);
3461         free(i->path);
3462         strv_free(i->aliases);
3463         strv_free(i->wanted_by);
3464         free(i);
3465 }
3466
3467 static void install_info_hashmap_free(Hashmap *m) {
3468         InstallInfo *i;
3469
3470         while ((i = hashmap_steal_first(m)))
3471                 install_info_free(i);
3472
3473         hashmap_free(m);
3474 }
3475
3476 static int install_info_add(const char *name) {
3477         InstallInfo *i;
3478         int r;
3479
3480         assert(will_install);
3481
3482         if (!unit_name_is_valid_no_type(name, true)) {
3483                 log_warning("Unit name %s is not a valid unit name.", name);
3484                 return -EINVAL;
3485         }
3486
3487         if (hashmap_get(have_installed, name) ||
3488             hashmap_get(will_install, name))
3489                 return 0;
3490
3491         if (!(i = new0(InstallInfo, 1))) {
3492                 r = -ENOMEM;
3493                 goto fail;
3494         }
3495
3496         if (!(i->name = strdup(name))) {
3497                 r = -ENOMEM;
3498                 goto fail;
3499         }
3500
3501         if ((r = hashmap_put(will_install, i->name, i)) < 0)
3502                 goto fail;
3503
3504         return 0;
3505
3506 fail:
3507         if (i)
3508                 install_info_free(i);
3509
3510         return r;
3511 }
3512
3513 static int config_parse_also(
3514                 const char *filename,
3515                 unsigned line,
3516                 const char *section,
3517                 const char *lvalue,
3518                 const char *rvalue,
3519                 void *data,
3520                 void *userdata) {
3521
3522         char *w;
3523         size_t l;
3524         char *state;
3525
3526         assert(filename);
3527         assert(lvalue);
3528         assert(rvalue);
3529
3530         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
3531                 char *n;
3532                 int r;
3533
3534                 if (!(n = strndup(w, l)))
3535                         return -ENOMEM;
3536
3537                 if ((r = install_info_add(n)) < 0) {
3538                         log_warning("Cannot install unit %s: %s", n, strerror(-r));
3539                         free(n);
3540                         return r;
3541                 }
3542
3543                 free(n);
3544         }
3545
3546         return 0;
3547 }
3548
3549 static int mark_symlink_for_removal(const char *p) {
3550         char *n;
3551         int r;
3552
3553         assert(p);
3554         assert(path_is_absolute(p));
3555
3556         if (!remove_symlinks_to)
3557                 return 0;
3558
3559         if (!(n = strdup(p)))
3560                 return -ENOMEM;
3561
3562         path_kill_slashes(n);
3563
3564         if ((r = set_put(remove_symlinks_to, n)) < 0) {
3565                 free(n);
3566                 return r == -EEXIST ? 0 : r;
3567         }
3568
3569         return 0;
3570 }
3571
3572 static int remove_marked_symlinks_fd(int fd, const char *config_path, const char *root, bool *deleted) {
3573         int r = 0;
3574         DIR *d;
3575         struct dirent *de;
3576
3577         assert(fd >= 0);
3578         assert(root);
3579         assert(deleted);
3580
3581         if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3582                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3583                 return -errno;
3584         }
3585
3586         rewinddir(d);
3587
3588         while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3589                 bool is_dir = false, is_link = false;
3590
3591                 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3592                         continue;
3593
3594                 if (de->d_type == DT_LNK)
3595                         is_link = true;
3596                 else if (de->d_type == DT_DIR)
3597                         is_dir = true;
3598                 else if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3599                         struct stat st;
3600
3601                         if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3602                                 log_error("Failed to stat %s/%s: %m", root, de->d_name);
3603
3604                                 if (r == 0)
3605                                         r = -errno;
3606                                 continue;
3607                         }
3608
3609                         is_link = S_ISLNK(st.st_mode);
3610                         is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3611                 } else
3612                         continue;
3613
3614                 if (is_dir) {
3615                         int nfd, q;
3616                         char *p;
3617
3618                         if ((nfd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW)) < 0) {
3619                                 log_error("Failed to open %s/%s: %m", root, de->d_name);
3620
3621                                 if (r == 0)
3622                                         r = -errno;
3623                                 continue;
3624                         }
3625
3626                         if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", root, de->d_name) < 0) {
3627                                 log_error("Failed to allocate directory string.");
3628                                 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3629                                 r = -ENOMEM;
3630                                 break;
3631                         }
3632
3633                         /* This will close nfd, regardless whether it succeeds or not */
3634                         q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(nfd, config_path, p, deleted);
3635                         free(p);
3636
3637                         if (r == 0)
3638                                 r = q;
3639
3640                 } else if (is_link) {
3641                         char *p, *dest, *c;
3642                         int q;
3643
3644                         if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", root, de->d_name) < 0) {
3645                                 log_error("Failed to allocate symlink string.");
3646                                 r = -ENOMEM;
3647                                 break;
3648                         }
3649
3650                         if ((q = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &dest)) < 0) {
3651                                 log_error("Cannot read symlink %s: %s", p, strerror(-q));
3652                                 free(p);
3653
3654                                 if (r == 0)
3655                                         r = q;
3656                                 continue;
3657                         }
3658
3659                         if ((c = canonicalize_file_name(dest))) {
3660                                 /* This might fail if the destination
3661                                  * is already removed */
3662
3663                                 free(dest);
3664                                 dest = c;
3665                         }
3666
3667                         path_kill_slashes(dest);
3668                         if (set_get(remove_symlinks_to, dest)) {
3669
3670                                 if (!arg_quiet)
3671                                         log_info("rm '%s'", p);
3672
3673                                 if (unlink(p) < 0) {
3674                                         log_error("Cannot unlink symlink %s: %m", p);
3675
3676                                         if (r == 0)
3677                                                 r = -errno;
3678                                 } else {
3679                                         rmdir_parents(p, config_path);
3680                                         path_kill_slashes(p);
3681
3682                                         if (!set_get(remove_symlinks_to, p)) {
3683
3684                                                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(p)) < 0) {
3685                                                         if (r == 0)
3686                                                                 r = q;
3687                                                 } else
3688                                                         *deleted = true;
3689                                         }
3690                                 }
3691                         }
3692
3693                         free(p);
3694                         free(dest);
3695                 }
3696         }
3697
3698         closedir(d);
3699
3700         return r;
3701 }
3702
3703 static int remove_marked_symlinks(const char *config_path) {
3704         int fd, r = 0;
3705         bool deleted;
3706
3707         assert(config_path);
3708
3709         if (set_size(remove_symlinks_to) <= 0)
3710                 return 0;
3711
3712         if ((fd = open(config_path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW)) < 0)
3713                 return -errno;
3714
3715         do {
3716                 int q, cfd;
3717                 deleted = false;
3718
3719                 if ((cfd = dup(fd)) < 0) {
3720                         r = -errno;
3721                         break;
3722                 }
3723
3724                 /* This takes possession of cfd and closes it */
3725                 if ((q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(cfd, config_path, config_path, &deleted)) < 0) {
3726                         if (r == 0)
3727                                 r = q;
3728                 }
3729         } while (deleted);
3730
3731         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3732
3733         return r;
3734 }
3735
3736 static int create_symlink(const char *verb, const char *old_path, const char *new_path) {
3737         int r;
3738
3739         assert(old_path);
3740         assert(new_path);
3741         assert(verb);
3742
3743         if (streq(verb, "enable")) {
3744                 char *dest;
3745
3746                 mkdir_parents(new_path, 0755);
3747
3748                 if (symlink(old_path, new_path) >= 0) {
3749
3750                         if (!arg_quiet)
3751                                 log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", old_path, new_path);
3752
3753                         return 0;
3754                 }
3755
3756                 if (errno != EEXIST) {
3757                         log_error("Cannot link %s to %s: %m", old_path, new_path);
3758                         return -errno;
3759                 }
3760
3761                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3762
3763                         if (errno == EINVAL) {
3764                                 log_error("Cannot link %s to %s, file exists already and is not a symlink.", old_path, new_path);
3765                                 return -EEXIST;
3766                         }
3767
3768                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3769                         return r;
3770                 }
3771
3772                 if (streq(dest, old_path)) {
3773                         free(dest);
3774                         return 0;
3775                 }
3776
3777                 if (!arg_force) {
3778                         log_error("Cannot link %s to %s, symlink exists already and points to %s.", old_path, new_path, dest);
3779                         free(dest);
3780                         return -EEXIST;
3781                 }
3782
3783                 free(dest);
3784                 unlink(new_path);
3785
3786                 if (!arg_quiet)
3787                         log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", old_path, new_path);
3788
3789                 if (symlink(old_path, new_path) >= 0)
3790                         return 0;
3791
3792                 log_error("Cannot link %s to %s: %m", old_path, new_path);
3793                 return -errno;
3794
3795         } else if (streq(verb, "disable")) {
3796                 char *dest;
3797
3798                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(old_path)) < 0)
3799                         return r;
3800
3801                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3802                         if (errno == ENOENT)
3803                                 return 0;
3804
3805                         if (errno == EINVAL) {
3806                                 log_warning("File %s not a symlink, ignoring.", old_path);
3807                                 return 0;
3808                         }
3809
3810                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3811                         return r;
3812                 }
3813
3814                 if (!streq(dest, old_path)) {
3815                         log_warning("File %s not a symlink to %s but points to %s, ignoring.", new_path, old_path, dest);
3816                         free(dest);
3817                         return 0;
3818                 }
3819
3820                 free(dest);
3821
3822                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(new_path)) < 0)
3823                         return r;
3824
3825                 if (!arg_quiet)
3826                         log_info("rm '%s'", new_path);
3827
3828                 if (unlink(new_path) >= 0)
3829                         return 0;
3830
3831                 log_error("Cannot unlink %s: %m", new_path);
3832                 return -errno;
3833
3834         } else if (streq(verb, "is-enabled")) {
3835                 char *dest;
3836
3837                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3838
3839                         if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EINVAL)
3840                                 return 0;
3841
3842                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3843                         return r;
3844                 }
3845
3846                 if (streq(dest, old_path)) {
3847                         free(dest);
3848                         return 1;
3849                 }
3850
3851                 return 0;
3852         }
3853
3854         assert_not_reached("Unknown action.");
3855 }
3856
3857 static int install_info_symlink_alias(const char *verb, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3858         char **s;
3859         char *alias_path = NULL;
3860         int r;
3861
3862         assert(verb);
3863         assert(i);
3864         assert(config_path);
3865
3866         STRV_FOREACH(s, i->aliases) {
3867
3868                 free(alias_path);
3869                 if (!(alias_path = path_make_absolute(*s, config_path))) {
3870                         log_error("Out of memory");
3871                         r = -ENOMEM;
3872                         goto finish;
3873                 }
3874
3875                 if ((r = create_symlink(verb, i->path, alias_path)) != 0)
3876                         goto finish;
3877
3878                 if (streq(verb, "disable"))
3879                         rmdir_parents(alias_path, config_path);
3880         }
3881         r = 0;
3882
3883 finish:
3884         free(alias_path);
3885
3886         return r;
3887 }
3888
3889 static int install_info_symlink_wants(const char *verb, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3890         char **s;
3891         char *alias_path = NULL;
3892         int r;
3893
3894         assert(verb);
3895         assert(i);
3896         assert(config_path);
3897
3898         STRV_FOREACH(s, i->wanted_by) {
3899                 if (!unit_name_is_valid_no_type(*s, true)) {
3900                         log_error("Invalid name %s.", *s);
3901                         r = -EINVAL;
3902                         goto finish;
3903                 }
3904
3905                 free(alias_path);
3906                 alias_path = NULL;
3907
3908                 if (asprintf(&alias_path, "%s/%s.wants/%s", config_path, *s, i->name) < 0) {
3909                         log_error("Out of memory");
3910                         r = -ENOMEM;
3911                         goto finish;
3912                 }
3913
3914                 if ((r = create_symlink(verb, i->path, alias_path)) != 0)
3915                         goto finish;
3916
3917                 if (streq(verb, "disable"))
3918                         rmdir_parents(alias_path, config_path);
3919         }
3920
3921         r = 0;
3922
3923 finish:
3924         free(alias_path);
3925
3926         return r;
3927 }
3928
3929 static int install_info_apply(const char *verb, LookupPaths *paths, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3930
3931         const ConfigItem items[] = {
3932                 { "Alias",    config_parse_strv, &i->aliases,   "Install" },
3933                 { "WantedBy", config_parse_strv, &i->wanted_by, "Install" },
3934                 { "Also",     config_parse_also, NULL,          "Install" },
3935
3936                 { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }
3937         };
3938
3939         char **p;
3940         char *filename = NULL;
3941         FILE *f = NULL;
3942         int r;
3943
3944         assert(paths);
3945         assert(i);
3946
3947         STRV_FOREACH(p, paths->unit_path) {
3948                 int fd;
3949
3950                 if (!(filename = path_make_absolute(i->name, *p))) {
3951                         log_error("Out of memory");
3952                         return -ENOMEM;
3953                 }
3954
3955                 /* Ensure that we don't follow symlinks */
3956                 if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOCTTY)) >= 0)
3957                         if ((f = fdopen(fd, "re")))
3958                                 break;
3959
3960                 if (errno == ELOOP) {
3961                         log_error("Refusing to operate on symlinks, please pass unit names or absolute paths to unit files.");
3962                         free(filename);
3963                         return -errno;
3964                 }
3965
3966                 if (errno != ENOENT) {
3967                         log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", filename);
3968                         free(filename);
3969                         return -errno;
3970                 }
3971
3972                 free(filename);
3973                 filename = NULL;
3974         }
3975
3976         if (!f) {
3977 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA) && defined (HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT)
3978
3979                 if (endswith(i->name, ".service")) {
3980                         char *sysv;
3981                         bool exists;
3982
3983                         if (asprintf(&sysv, SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH "/%s", i->name) < 0) {
3984                                 log_error("Out of memory");
3985                                 return -ENOMEM;
3986                         }
3987
3988                         sysv[strlen(sysv) - sizeof(".service") + 1] = 0;
3989                         exists = access(sysv, F_OK) >= 0;
3990
3991                         if (exists) {
3992                                 pid_t pid;
3993                                 siginfo_t status;
3994
3995                                 const char *argv[] = {
3996                                         "/sbin/chkconfig",
3997                                         NULL,
3998                                         NULL,
3999                                         NULL
4000                                 };
4001
4002                                 log_info("%s is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.", i->name);
4003
4004                                 argv[1] = file_name_from_path(sysv);
4005                                 argv[2] =
4006                                         streq(verb, "enable") ? "on" :
4007                                         streq(verb, "disable") ? "off" : NULL;
4008
4009                                 log_info("Executing %s %s %s", argv[0], argv[1], strempty(argv[2]));
4010
4011                                 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4012                                         log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4013                                         free(sysv);
4014                                         return -errno;
4015                                 } else if (pid == 0) {
4016                                         execv(argv[0], (char**) argv);
4017                                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4018                                 }
4019
4020                                 free(sysv);
4021
4022                                 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
4023                                         return r;
4024
4025                                 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
4026                                         if (status.si_status == 0 && (streq(verb, "enable") || streq(verb, "disable")))
4027                                                 n_symlinks ++;
4028
4029                                         return status.si_status == 0 ? 0 : -EINVAL;
4030                                 } else
4031                                         return -EPROTO;
4032                         }
4033
4034                         free(sysv);
4035                 }
4036
4037 #endif
4038
4039                 log_error("Couldn't find %s.", i->name);
4040                 return -ENOENT;
4041         }
4042
4043         i->path = filename;
4044
4045         if ((r = config_parse(filename, f, NULL, items, true, i)) < 0) {
4046                 fclose(f);
4047                 return r;
4048         }
4049
4050         n_symlinks += strv_length(i->aliases);
4051         n_symlinks += strv_length(i->wanted_by);
4052
4053         fclose(f);
4054
4055         if ((r = install_info_symlink_alias(verb, i, config_path)) != 0)
4056                 return r;
4057
4058         if ((r = install_info_symlink_wants(verb, i, config_path)) != 0)
4059                 return r;
4060
4061         if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(filename)) < 0)
4062                 return r;
4063
4064         if ((r = remove_marked_symlinks(config_path)) < 0)
4065                 return r;
4066
4067         return 0;
4068 }
4069
4070 static char *get_config_path(void) {
4071
4072         if (arg_user && arg_global)
4073                 return strdup(USER_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH);
4074
4075         if (arg_user) {
4076                 char *p;
4077
4078                 if (user_config_home(&p) < 0)
4079                         return NULL;
4080
4081                 return p;
4082         }
4083
4084         return strdup(SYSTEM_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH);
4085 }
4086
4087 static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
4088         DBusError error;
4089         int r;
4090         LookupPaths paths;
4091         char *config_path = NULL;
4092         unsigned j;
4093         InstallInfo *i;
4094         const char *verb = args[0];
4095
4096         dbus_error_init(&error);
4097
4098         zero(paths);
4099         if ((r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, arg_user ? MANAGER_USER : MANAGER_SYSTEM)) < 0) {
4100                 log_error("Failed to determine lookup paths: %s", strerror(-r));
4101                 goto finish;
4102         }
4103
4104         if (!(config_path = get_config_path())) {
4105                 log_error("Failed to determine config path");
4106                 r = -ENOMEM;
4107                 goto finish;
4108         }
4109
4110         will_install = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4111         have_installed = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4112
4113         if (!will_install || !have_installed) {
4114                 log_error("Failed to allocate unit sets.");
4115                 r = -ENOMEM;
4116                 goto finish;
4117         }
4118
4119         if (!arg_defaults && streq(verb, "disable"))
4120                 if (!(remove_symlinks_to = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
4121                         log_error("Failed to allocate symlink sets.");
4122                         r = -ENOMEM;
4123                         goto finish;
4124                 }
4125
4126         for (j = 1; j < n; j++)
4127                 if ((r = install_info_add(args[j])) < 0) {
4128                         log_warning("Cannot install unit %s: %s", args[j], strerror(-r));
4129                         goto finish;
4130                 }
4131
4132         while ((i = hashmap_first(will_install))) {
4133                 int q;
4134
4135                 assert_se(hashmap_move_one(have_installed, will_install, i->name) == 0);
4136
4137                 if ((q = install_info_apply(verb, &paths, i, config_path)) != 0) {
4138
4139                         if (q < 0) {
4140                                 if (r == 0)
4141                                         r = q;
4142                                 goto finish;
4143                         }
4144
4145                         /* In test mode and found something */
4146                         r = 1;
4147                         break;
4148                 }
4149         }
4150
4151         if (streq(verb, "is-enabled"))
4152                 r = r > 0 ? 0 : -ENOENT;
4153         else {
4154                 if (n_symlinks <= 0)
4155                         log_warning("Unit files contain no applicable installation information. Ignoring.");
4156
4157                 if (bus &&
4158                     /* Don't try to reload anything if the user asked us to not do this */
4159                     !arg_no_reload &&
4160                     /* Don't try to reload anything when updating a unit globally */
4161                     !arg_global &&
4162                     /* Don't try to reload anything if we are called for system changes but the system wasn't booted with systemd */
4163                     (arg_user || sd_booted() > 0) &&
4164                     /* Don't try to reload anything if we are running in a chroot environment */
4165                     (arg_user || running_in_chroot() <= 0) ) {
4166                         int q;
4167
4168                         if ((q = daemon_reload(bus, args, n)) < 0)
4169                                 r = q;
4170                 }
4171         }
4172
4173 finish:
4174         install_info_hashmap_free(will_install);
4175         install_info_hashmap_free(have_installed);
4176
4177         set_free_free(remove_symlinks_to);
4178
4179         lookup_paths_free(&paths);
4180
4181         free(config_path);
4182
4183         return r;
4184 }
4185
4186 static int systemctl_help(void) {
4187
4188         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
4189                "Send control commands to or query the systemd manager.\n\n"
4190                "  -h --help           Show this help\n"
4191                "     --version        Show package version\n"
4192                "  -t --type=TYPE      List only units of a particular type\n"
4193                "  -p --property=NAME  Show only properties by this name\n"
4194                "  -a --all            Show all units/properties, including dead/empty ones\n"
4195                "     --failed         Show only failed units\n"
4196                "     --full           Don't ellipsize unit names on output\n"
4197                "     --fail           When queueing a new job, fail if conflicting jobs are\n"
4198                "                      pending\n"
4199                "     --ignore-dependencies\n"
4200                "                      When queueing a new job, ignore all its dependencies\n"
4201                "  -q --quiet          Suppress output\n"
4202                "     --no-block       Do not wait until operation finished\n"
4203                "     --no-pager       Do not pipe output into a pager.\n"
4204                "     --system         Connect to system manager\n"
4205                "     --user           Connect to user service manager\n"
4206                "     --order          When generating graph for dot, show only order\n"
4207                "     --require        When generating graph for dot, show only requirement\n"
4208                "     --no-wall        Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4209                "     --global         Enable/disable unit files globally\n"
4210                "     --no-reload      When enabling/disabling unit files, don't reload daemon\n"
4211                "                      configuration\n"
4212                "     --no-ask-password\n"
4213                "                      Do not ask for system passwords\n"
4214                "     --kill-mode=MODE How to send signal\n"
4215                "     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to\n"
4216                "  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send\n"
4217                "  -f --force          When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks\n"
4218                "                      When shutting down, execute action immediately\n"
4219                "     --defaults       When disabling unit files, remove default symlinks only\n\n"
4220                "Commands:\n"
4221                "  list-units                      List units\n"
4222                "  start [NAME...]                 Start (activate) one or more units\n"
4223                "  stop [NAME...]                  Stop (deactivate) one or more units\n"
4224                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
4225                "  restart [NAME...]               Start or restart one or more units\n"
4226                "  try-restart [NAME...]           Restart one or more units if active\n"
4227                "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
4228                "                                  otherwise start or restart\n"
4229                "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
4230                "                                  otherwise restart if active\n"
4231                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
4232                "  kill [NAME...]                  Send signal to processes of a unit\n"
4233                "  is-active [NAME...]             Check whether units are active\n"
4234                "  status [NAME...|PID...]         Show runtime status of one or more units\n"
4235                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more\n"
4236                "                                  units/jobs or the manager\n"
4237                "  reset-failed [NAME...]          Reset failed state for all, one, or more\n"
4238                "                                  units\n"
4239                "  enable [NAME...]                Enable one or more unit files\n"
4240                "  disable [NAME...]               Disable one or more unit files\n"
4241                "  is-enabled [NAME...]            Check whether unit files are enabled\n"
4242                "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n"
4243                "  list-jobs                       List jobs\n"
4244                "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel all, one, or more jobs\n"
4245                "  monitor                         Monitor unit/job changes\n"
4246                "  dump                            Dump server status\n"
4247                "  dot                             Dump dependency graph for dot(1)\n"
4248                "  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot\n"
4249                "  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots\n"
4250                "  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration\n"
4251                "  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager\n"
4252                "  show-environment                Dump environment\n"
4253                "  set-environment [NAME=VALUE...] Set one or more environment variables\n"
4254                "  unset-environment [NAME...]     Unset one or more environment variables\n"
4255                "  default                         Enter system default mode\n"
4256                "  rescue                          Enter system rescue mode\n"
4257                "  emergency                       Enter system emergency mode\n"
4258                "  halt                            Shut down and halt the system\n"
4259                "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
4260                "  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system\n"
4261                "  kexec                           Shut down and reboot the system with kexec\n"
4262                "  exit                            Ask for user instance termination\n",
4263                program_invocation_short_name);
4264
4265         return 0;
4266 }
4267
4268 static int halt_help(void) {
4269
4270         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
4271                "%s the system.\n\n"
4272                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4273                "     --halt      Halt the machine\n"
4274                "  -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine\n"
4275                "     --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
4276                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4277                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
4278                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
4279                "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4280                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
4281                program_invocation_short_name,
4282                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
4283                arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "Power off" :
4284                                                "Halt");
4285
4286         return 0;
4287 }
4288
4289 static int shutdown_help(void) {
4290
4291         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [TIME] [WALL...]\n\n"
4292                "Shut down the system.\n\n"
4293                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4294                "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
4295                "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
4296                "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
4297                "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overriden by --halt\n"
4298                "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
4299                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4300                "  -c             Cancel a pending shutdown\n",
4301                program_invocation_short_name);
4302
4303         return 0;
4304 }
4305
4306 static int telinit_help(void) {
4307
4308         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}\n\n"
4309                "Send control commands to the init daemon.\n\n"
4310                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4311                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
4312                "Commands:\n"
4313                "  0              Power-off the machine\n"
4314                "  6              Reboot the machine\n"
4315                "  2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit\n"
4316                "  1, s, S        Enter rescue mode\n"
4317                "  q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration\n"
4318                "  u, U           Reexecute init daemon\n",
4319                program_invocation_short_name);
4320
4321         return 0;
4322 }
4323
4324 static int runlevel_help(void) {
4325
4326         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
4327                "Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.\n\n"
4328                "     --help      Show this help\n",
4329                program_invocation_short_name);
4330
4331         return 0;
4332 }
4333
4334 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4335
4336         enum {
4337                 ARG_FAIL = 0x100,
4338                 ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES,
4339                 ARG_VERSION,
4340                 ARG_USER,
4341                 ARG_SYSTEM,
4342                 ARG_GLOBAL,
4343                 ARG_NO_BLOCK,
4344                 ARG_NO_PAGER,
4345                 ARG_NO_WALL,
4346                 ARG_ORDER,
4347                 ARG_REQUIRE,
4348                 ARG_FULL,
4349                 ARG_NO_RELOAD,
4350                 ARG_DEFAULTS,
4351                 ARG_KILL_MODE,
4352                 ARG_KILL_WHO,
4353                 ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD,
4354                 ARG_FAILED
4355         };
4356
4357         static const struct option options[] = {
4358                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, 'h'           },
4359                 { "version",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION   },
4360                 { "type",      required_argument, NULL, 't'           },
4361                 { "property",  required_argument, NULL, 'p'           },
4362                 { "all",       no_argument,       NULL, 'a'           },
4363                 { "failed",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAILED    },
4364                 { "full",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FULL      },
4365                 { "fail",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAIL      },
4366                 { "ignore-dependencies", no_argument, NULL, ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES },
4367                 { "user",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER      },
4368                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM    },
4369                 { "global",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL    },
4370                 { "no-block",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK  },
4371                 { "no-pager",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER  },
4372                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL   },
4373                 { "quiet",     no_argument,       NULL, 'q'           },
4374                 { "order",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ORDER     },
4375                 { "require",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REQUIRE   },
4376                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'           },
4377                 { "no-reload", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD },
4378                 { "defaults",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DEFAULTS  },
4379                 { "kill-mode", required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_MODE },
4380                 { "kill-who",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_WHO  },
4381                 { "signal",    required_argument, NULL, 's'           },
4382                 { "no-ask-password", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
4383                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0             }
4384         };
4385
4386         int c;
4387
4388         assert(argc >= 0);
4389         assert(argv);
4390
4391         /* Only when running as systemctl we ask for passwords */
4392         arg_ask_password = true;
4393
4394         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aqfs:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4395
4396                 switch (c) {
4397
4398                 case 'h':
4399                         systemctl_help();
4400                         return 0;
4401
4402                 case ARG_VERSION:
4403                         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
4404                         puts(DISTRIBUTION);
4405                         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
4406                         return 0;
4407
4408                 case 't':
4409                         arg_type = optarg;
4410                         break;
4411
4412                 case 'p': {
4413                         char **l;
4414
4415                         if (!(l = strv_append(arg_property, optarg)))
4416                                 return -ENOMEM;
4417
4418                         strv_free(arg_property);
4419                         arg_property = l;
4420
4421                         /* If the user asked for a particular
4422                          * property, show it to him, even if it is
4423                          * empty. */
4424                         arg_all = true;
4425                         break;
4426                 }
4427
4428                 case 'a':
4429                         arg_all = true;
4430                         break;
4431
4432                 case ARG_FAIL:
4433                         arg_job_mode = "fail";
4434                         break;
4435
4436                 case ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES:
4437                         arg_job_mode = "ignore-dependencies";
4438                         break;
4439
4440                 case ARG_USER:
4441                         arg_user = true;
4442                         break;
4443
4444                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
4445                         arg_user = false;
4446                         break;
4447
4448                 case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
4449                         arg_no_block = true;
4450                         break;
4451
4452                 case ARG_NO_PAGER:
4453                         arg_no_pager = true;
4454                         break;
4455
4456                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4457                         arg_no_wall = true;
4458                         break;
4459
4460                 case ARG_ORDER:
4461                         arg_dot = DOT_ORDER;
4462                         break;
4463
4464                 case ARG_REQUIRE:
4465                         arg_dot = DOT_REQUIRE;
4466                         break;
4467
4468                 case ARG_FULL:
4469                         arg_full = true;
4470                         break;
4471
4472                 case ARG_FAILED:
4473                         arg_failed = true;
4474                         break;
4475
4476                 case 'q':
4477                         arg_quiet = true;
4478                         break;
4479
4480                 case 'f':
4481                         arg_force = true;
4482                         break;
4483
4484                 case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
4485                         arg_no_reload = true;
4486                         break;
4487
4488                 case ARG_GLOBAL:
4489                         arg_global = true;
4490                         arg_user = true;
4491                         break;
4492
4493                 case ARG_DEFAULTS:
4494                         arg_defaults = true;
4495                         break;
4496
4497                 case ARG_KILL_WHO:
4498                         arg_kill_who = optarg;
4499                         break;
4500
4501                 case ARG_KILL_MODE:
4502                         arg_kill_mode = optarg;
4503                         break;
4504
4505                 case 's':
4506                         if ((arg_signal = signal_from_string_try_harder(optarg)) < 0) {
4507                                 log_error("Failed to parse signal string %s.", optarg);
4508                                 return -EINVAL;
4509                         }
4510                         break;
4511
4512                 case ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD:
4513                         arg_ask_password = false;
4514                         break;
4515
4516                 case '?':
4517                         return -EINVAL;
4518
4519                 default:
4520                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4521                         return -EINVAL;
4522                 }
4523         }
4524
4525         return 1;
4526 }
4527
4528 static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4529
4530         enum {
4531                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4532                 ARG_HALT,
4533                 ARG_REBOOT,
4534                 ARG_NO_WALL
4535         };
4536
4537         static const struct option options[] = {
4538                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4539                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HALT    },
4540                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'         },
4541                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REBOOT  },
4542                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
4543                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
4544                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
4545                 { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
4546                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4547                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4548         };
4549
4550         int c, runlevel;
4551
4552         assert(argc >= 0);
4553         assert(argv);
4554
4555         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
4556                 if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
4557                         arg_immediate = true;
4558
4559         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4560                 switch (c) {
4561
4562                 case ARG_HELP:
4563                         halt_help();
4564                         return 0;
4565
4566                 case ARG_HALT:
4567                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4568                         break;
4569
4570                 case 'p':
4571                         if (arg_action != ACTION_REBOOT)
4572                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4573                         break;
4574
4575                 case ARG_REBOOT:
4576                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4577                         break;
4578
4579                 case 'f':
4580                         arg_immediate = true;
4581                         break;
4582
4583                 case 'w':
4584                         arg_dry = true;
4585                         break;
4586
4587                 case 'd':
4588                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
4589                         break;
4590
4591                 case 'n':
4592                         arg_no_sync = true;
4593                         break;
4594
4595                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4596                         arg_no_wall = true;
4597                         break;
4598
4599                 case 'i':
4600                 case 'h':
4601                         /* Compatibility nops */
4602                         break;
4603
4604                 case '?':
4605                         return -EINVAL;
4606
4607                 default:
4608                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4609                         return -EINVAL;
4610                 }
4611         }
4612
4613         if (optind < argc) {
4614                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4615                 return -EINVAL;
4616         }
4617
4618         return 1;
4619 }
4620
4621 static int parse_time_spec(const char *t, usec_t *_u) {
4622         assert(t);
4623         assert(_u);
4624
4625         if (streq(t, "now"))
4626                 *_u = 0;
4627         else if (t[0] == '+') {
4628                 uint64_t u;
4629
4630                 if (safe_atou64(t + 1, &u) < 0)
4631                         return -EINVAL;
4632
4633                 *_u = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE * u;
4634         } else {
4635                 char *e = NULL;
4636                 long hour, minute;
4637                 struct tm tm;
4638                 time_t s;
4639                 usec_t n;
4640
4641                 errno = 0;
4642                 hour = strtol(t, &e, 10);
4643                 if (errno != 0 || *e != ':' || hour < 0 || hour > 23)
4644                         return -EINVAL;
4645
4646                 minute = strtol(e+1, &e, 10);
4647                 if (errno != 0 || *e != 0 || minute < 0 || minute > 59)
4648                         return -EINVAL;
4649
4650                 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
4651                 s = (time_t) (n / USEC_PER_SEC);
4652
4653                 zero(tm);
4654                 assert_se(localtime_r(&s, &tm));
4655
4656                 tm.tm_hour = (int) hour;
4657                 tm.tm_min = (int) minute;
4658                 tm.tm_sec = 0;
4659
4660                 assert_se(s = mktime(&tm));
4661
4662                 *_u = (usec_t) s * USEC_PER_SEC;
4663
4664                 while (*_u <= n)
4665                         *_u += USEC_PER_DAY;
4666         }
4667
4668         return 0;
4669 }
4670
4671 static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4672
4673         enum {
4674                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4675                 ARG_NO_WALL
4676         };
4677
4678         static const struct option options[] = {
4679                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4680                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, 'H'         },
4681                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'P'         },
4682                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'r'         },
4683                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4684                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4685         };
4686
4687         int c, r;
4688
4689         assert(argc >= 0);
4690         assert(argv);
4691
4692         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkt:afFc", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4693                 switch (c) {
4694
4695                 case ARG_HELP:
4696                         shutdown_help();
4697                         return 0;
4698
4699                 case 'H':
4700                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4701                         break;
4702
4703                 case 'P':
4704                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4705                         break;
4706
4707                 case 'r':
4708                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4709                         break;
4710
4711                 case 'h':
4712                         if (arg_action != ACTION_HALT)
4713                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4714                         break;
4715
4716                 case 'k':
4717                         arg_dry = true;
4718                         break;
4719
4720                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4721                         arg_no_wall = true;
4722                         break;
4723
4724                 case 't':
4725                 case 'a':
4726                         /* Compatibility nops */
4727                         break;
4728
4729                 case 'c':
4730                         arg_action = ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN;
4731                         break;
4732
4733                 case '?':
4734                         return -EINVAL;
4735
4736                 default:
4737                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4738                         return -EINVAL;
4739                 }
4740         }
4741
4742         if (argc > optind) {
4743                 if ((r = parse_time_spec(argv[optind], &arg_when)) < 0) {
4744                         log_error("Failed to parse time specification: %s", argv[optind]);
4745                         return r;
4746                 }
4747         } else
4748                 arg_when = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE;
4749
4750         /* We skip the time argument */
4751         if (argc > optind + 1)
4752                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
4753
4754         optind = argc;
4755
4756         return 1;
4757 }
4758
4759 static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4760
4761         enum {
4762                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4763                 ARG_NO_WALL
4764         };
4765
4766         static const struct option options[] = {
4767                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4768                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4769                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4770         };
4771
4772         static const struct {
4773                 char from;
4774                 enum action to;
4775         } table[] = {
4776                 { '0', ACTION_POWEROFF },
4777                 { '6', ACTION_REBOOT },
4778                 { '1', ACTION_RESCUE },
4779                 { '2', ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 },
4780                 { '3', ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 },
4781                 { '4', ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 },
4782                 { '5', ACTION_RUNLEVEL5 },
4783                 { 's', ACTION_RESCUE },
4784                 { 'S', ACTION_RESCUE },
4785                 { 'q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4786                 { 'Q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4787                 { 'u', ACTION_REEXEC },
4788                 { 'U', ACTION_REEXEC }
4789         };
4790
4791         unsigned i;
4792         int c;
4793
4794         assert(argc >= 0);
4795         assert(argv);
4796
4797         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4798                 switch (c) {
4799
4800                 case ARG_HELP:
4801                         telinit_help();
4802                         return 0;
4803
4804                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4805                         arg_no_wall = true;
4806                         break;
4807
4808                 case '?':
4809                         return -EINVAL;
4810
4811                 default:
4812                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4813                         return -EINVAL;
4814                 }
4815         }
4816
4817         if (optind >= argc) {
4818                 telinit_help();
4819                 return -EINVAL;
4820         }
4821
4822         if (optind + 1 < argc) {
4823                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4824                 return -EINVAL;
4825         }
4826
4827         if (strlen(argv[optind]) != 1) {
4828                 log_error("Expected single character argument.");
4829                 return -EINVAL;
4830         }
4831
4832         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
4833                 if (table[i].from == argv[optind][0])
4834                         break;
4835
4836         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
4837                 log_error("Unknown command %s.", argv[optind]);
4838                 return -EINVAL;
4839         }
4840
4841         arg_action = table[i].to;
4842
4843         optind ++;
4844
4845         return 1;
4846 }
4847
4848 static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4849
4850         enum {
4851                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4852         };
4853
4854         static const struct option options[] = {
4855                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4856                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4857         };
4858
4859         int c;
4860
4861         assert(argc >= 0);
4862         assert(argv);
4863
4864         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4865                 switch (c) {
4866
4867                 case ARG_HELP:
4868                         runlevel_help();
4869                         return 0;
4870
4871                 case '?':
4872                         return -EINVAL;
4873
4874                 default:
4875                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4876                         return -EINVAL;
4877                 }
4878         }
4879
4880         if (optind < argc) {
4881                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4882                 return -EINVAL;
4883         }
4884
4885         return 1;
4886 }
4887
4888 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4889         assert(argc >= 0);
4890         assert(argv);
4891
4892         if (program_invocation_short_name) {
4893
4894                 if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "halt")) {
4895                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4896                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4897                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "poweroff")) {
4898                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4899                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4900                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "reboot")) {
4901                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4902                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4903                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "shutdown")) {
4904                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4905                         return shutdown_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4906                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
4907
4908                         if (sd_booted() > 0) {
4909                                 arg_action = ACTION_INVALID;
4910                                 return telinit_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4911                         } else {
4912                                 /* Hmm, so some other init system is
4913                                  * running, we need to forward this
4914                                  * request to it. For now we simply
4915                                  * guess that it is Upstart. */
4916
4917                                 execv("/lib/upstart/telinit", argv);
4918
4919                                 log_error("Couldn't find an alternative telinit implementation to spawn.");
4920                                 return -EIO;
4921                         }
4922
4923                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "runlevel")) {
4924                         arg_action = ACTION_RUNLEVEL;
4925                         return runlevel_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4926                 }
4927         }
4928
4929         arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
4930         return systemctl_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4931 }
4932
4933 static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
4934
4935         static const char table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
4936                 [ACTION_HALT] =      '0',
4937                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] =  '0',
4938                 [ACTION_REBOOT] =    '6',
4939                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = '2',
4940                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = '3',
4941                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = '4',
4942                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = '5',
4943                 [ACTION_RESCUE] =    '1'
4944         };
4945
4946         assert(arg_action < _ACTION_MAX);
4947
4948         return table[arg_action];
4949 }
4950
4951 static int talk_upstart(void) {
4952         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
4953         DBusError error;
4954         int previous, rl, r;
4955         char
4956                 env1_buf[] = "RUNLEVEL=X",
4957                 env2_buf[] = "PREVLEVEL=X";
4958         char *env1 = env1_buf, *env2 = env2_buf;
4959         const char *emit = "runlevel";
4960         dbus_bool_t b_false = FALSE;
4961         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
4962         DBusConnection *bus;
4963
4964         dbus_error_init(&error);
4965
4966         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
4967                 return 0;
4968
4969         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&previous, NULL) < 0)
4970                 previous = 'N';
4971
4972         if (!(bus = dbus_connection_open_private("unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart", &error))) {
4973                 if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_SERVER)) {
4974                         r = 0;
4975                         goto finish;
4976                 }
4977
4978                 log_error("Failed to connect to Upstart bus: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
4979                 r = -EIO;
4980                 goto finish;
4981         }
4982
4983         if ((r = bus_check_peercred(bus)) < 0) {
4984                 log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
4985                 goto finish;
4986         }
4987
4988         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
4989                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart",
4990                               "/com/ubuntu/Upstart",
4991                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6",
4992                               "EmitEvent"))) {
4993
4994                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
4995                 r = -ENOMEM;
4996                 goto finish;
4997         }
4998
4999         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
5000
5001         env1_buf[sizeof(env1_buf)-2] = rl;
5002         env2_buf[sizeof(env2_buf)-2] = previous;
5003
5004         if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &emit) ||
5005             !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub) ||
5006             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env1) ||
5007             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env2) ||
5008             !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub) ||
5009             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b_false)) {
5010                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
5011                 r = -ENOMEM;
5012                 goto finish;
5013         }
5014
5015         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
5016
5017                 if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
5018                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
5019                         goto finish;
5020                 }
5021
5022                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
5023                 r = -EIO;
5024                 goto finish;
5025         }
5026
5027         r = 0;
5028
5029 finish:
5030         if (m)
5031                 dbus_message_unref(m);
5032
5033         if (reply)
5034                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
5035
5036         if (bus) {
5037                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
5038                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
5039                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
5040         }
5041
5042         dbus_error_free(&error);
5043
5044         return r;
5045 }
5046
5047 static int talk_initctl(void) {
5048         struct init_request request;
5049         int r, fd;
5050         char rl;
5051
5052         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
5053                 return 0;
5054
5055         zero(request);
5056         request.magic = INIT_MAGIC;
5057         request.sleeptime = 0;
5058         request.cmd = INIT_CMD_RUNLVL;
5059         request.runlevel = rl;
5060
5061         if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) {
5062
5063                 if (errno == ENOENT)
5064                         return 0;
5065
5066                 log_error("Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
5067                 return -errno;
5068         }
5069
5070         errno = 0;
5071         r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false) != sizeof(request);
5072         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5073
5074         if (r < 0) {
5075                 log_error("Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
5076                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
5077         }
5078
5079         return 1;
5080 }
5081
5082 static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError *error) {
5083
5084         static const struct {
5085                 const char* verb;
5086                 const enum {
5087                         MORE,
5088                         LESS,
5089                         EQUAL
5090                 } argc_cmp;
5091                 const int argc;
5092                 int (* const dispatch)(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
5093         } verbs[] = {
5094                 { "list-units",            LESS,  1, list_units        },
5095                 { "list-jobs",             EQUAL, 1, list_jobs         },
5096                 { "clear-jobs",            EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5097                 { "load",                  MORE,  2, load_unit         },
5098                 { "cancel",                MORE,  2, cancel_job        },
5099                 { "start",                 MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5100                 { "stop",                  MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5101                 { "reload",                MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5102                 { "restart",               MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5103                 { "try-restart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5104                 { "reload-or-restart",     MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5105                 { "reload-or-try-restart", MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5106                 { "force-reload",          MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with SysV */
5107                 { "condrestart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with RH */
5108                 { "isolate",               EQUAL, 2, start_unit        },
5109                 { "kill",                  MORE,  2, kill_unit         },
5110                 { "is-active",             MORE,  2, check_unit        },
5111                 { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit        },
5112                 { "show",                  MORE,  1, show              },
5113                 { "status",                MORE,  2, show              },
5114                 { "monitor",               EQUAL, 1, monitor           },
5115                 { "dump",                  EQUAL, 1, dump              },
5116                 { "dot",                   EQUAL, 1, dot               },
5117                 { "snapshot",              LESS,  2, snapshot          },
5118                 { "delete",                MORE,  2, delete_snapshot   },
5119                 { "daemon-reload",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5120                 { "daemon-reexec",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5121                 { "show-environment",      EQUAL, 1, show_enviroment   },
5122                 { "set-environment",       MORE,  2, set_environment   },
5123                 { "unset-environment",     MORE,  2, set_environment   },
5124                 { "halt",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5125                 { "poweroff",              EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5126                 { "reboot",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5127                 { "kexec",                 EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5128                 { "default",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5129                 { "rescue",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5130                 { "emergency",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5131                 { "exit",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5132                 { "reset-failed",          MORE,  1, reset_failed      },
5133                 { "enable",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
5134                 { "disable",               MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
5135                 { "is-enabled",            MORE,  2, enable_unit       }
5136         };
5137
5138         int left;
5139         unsigned i;
5140
5141         assert(argc >= 0);
5142         assert(argv);
5143         assert(error);
5144
5145         left = argc - optind;
5146
5147         if (left <= 0)
5148                 /* Special rule: no arguments means "list-units" */
5149                 i = 0;
5150         else {
5151                 if (streq(argv[optind], "help")) {
5152                         systemctl_help();
5153                         return 0;
5154                 }
5155
5156                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(verbs); i++)
5157                         if (streq(argv[optind], verbs[i].verb))
5158                                 break;
5159
5160                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
5161                         log_error("Unknown operation %s", argv[optind]);
5162                         return -EINVAL;
5163                 }
5164         }
5165
5166         switch (verbs[i].argc_cmp) {
5167
5168         case EQUAL:
5169                 if (left != verbs[i].argc) {
5170                         log_error("Invalid number of arguments.");
5171                         return -EINVAL;
5172                 }
5173
5174                 break;
5175
5176         case MORE:
5177                 if (left < verbs[i].argc) {
5178                         log_error("Too few arguments.");
5179                         return -EINVAL;
5180                 }
5181
5182                 break;
5183
5184         case LESS:
5185                 if (left > verbs[i].argc) {
5186                         log_error("Too many arguments.");
5187                         return -EINVAL;
5188                 }
5189
5190                 break;
5191
5192         default:
5193                 assert_not_reached("Unknown comparison operator.");
5194         }
5195
5196         /* Require a bus connection for all operations but
5197          * enable/disable */
5198         if (!streq(verbs[i].verb, "enable") &&
5199             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "disable") &&
5200             !bus) {
5201                 log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", error->message);
5202                 return -EIO;
5203         }
5204
5205         return verbs[i].dispatch(bus, argv + optind, left);
5206 }
5207
5208 static int send_shutdownd(usec_t t, char mode, bool warn, const char *message) {
5209         int fd = -1;
5210         struct msghdr msghdr;
5211         struct iovec iovec;
5212         union sockaddr_union sockaddr;
5213         struct shutdownd_command c;
5214
5215         zero(c);
5216         c.elapse = t;
5217         c.mode = mode;
5218         c.warn_wall = warn;
5219
5220         if (message)
5221                 strncpy(c.wall_message, message, sizeof(c.wall_message));
5222
5223         if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
5224                 return -errno;
5225
5226         zero(sockaddr);
5227         sockaddr.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
5228         sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] = 0;
5229         strncpy(sockaddr.un.sun_path+1, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/shutdownd", sizeof(sockaddr.un.sun_path)-1);
5230
5231         zero(iovec);
5232         iovec.iov_base = (char*) &c;
5233         iovec.iov_len = sizeof(c);
5234
5235         zero(msghdr);
5236         msghdr.msg_name = &sockaddr;
5237         msghdr.msg_namelen = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + sizeof("/org/freedesktop/systemd1/shutdownd") - 1;
5238
5239         msghdr.msg_iov = &iovec;
5240         msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
5241
5242         if (sendmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0) {
5243                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5244                 return -errno;
5245         }
5246
5247         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5248         return 0;
5249 }
5250
5251 static int reload_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5252
5253         if (bus) {
5254                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5255                 if (daemon_reload(bus, NULL, 0) > 0)
5256                         return 0;
5257         }
5258
5259         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
5260         assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
5261
5262         if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0) {
5263                 log_error("kill() failed: %m");
5264                 return -errno;
5265         }
5266
5267         return 0;
5268 }
5269
5270 static int start_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5271
5272         if (bus) {
5273                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5274                 if (start_unit(bus, NULL, 0) >= 0)
5275                         goto done;
5276         }
5277
5278         /* Hmm, talking to systemd via D-Bus didn't work. Then
5279          * let's try to talk to Upstart via D-Bus. */
5280         if (talk_upstart() > 0)
5281                 goto done;
5282
5283         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try
5284          * /dev/initctl */
5285         if (talk_initctl() > 0)
5286                 goto done;
5287
5288         log_error("Failed to talk to init daemon.");
5289         return -EIO;
5290
5291 done:
5292         warn_wall(arg_action);
5293         return 0;
5294 }
5295
5296 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
5297         int r;
5298
5299         if (geteuid() != 0) {
5300                 log_error("Must be root.");
5301                 return -EPERM;
5302         }
5303
5304         if (arg_when > 0) {
5305                 char *m;
5306                 char date[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
5307
5308                 m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
5309                 r = send_shutdownd(arg_when,
5310                                    arg_action == ACTION_HALT     ? 'H' :
5311                                    arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? 'P' :
5312                                                                    'r',
5313                                    !arg_no_wall,
5314                                    m);
5315                 free(m);
5316
5317                 if (r < 0)
5318                         log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, proceeding with immediate shutdown: %s", strerror(-r));
5319                 else {
5320                         log_info("Shutdown scheduled for %s, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.",
5321                                  format_timestamp(date, sizeof(date), arg_when));
5322                         return 0;
5323                 }
5324         }
5325
5326         if (!arg_dry && !arg_immediate)
5327                 return start_with_fallback(bus);
5328
5329         if (!arg_no_wtmp) {
5330                 if (sd_booted() > 0)
5331                         log_debug("Not writing utmp record, assuming that systemd-update-utmp is used.");
5332                 else if ((r = utmp_put_shutdown(0)) < 0)
5333                         log_warning("Failed to write utmp record: %s", strerror(-r));
5334         }
5335
5336         if (!arg_no_sync)
5337                 sync();
5338
5339         if (arg_dry)
5340                 return 0;
5341
5342         /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
5343          * point on... */
5344         reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
5345
5346         switch (arg_action) {
5347
5348         case ACTION_HALT:
5349                 log_info("Halting.");
5350                 reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
5351                 break;
5352
5353         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5354                 log_info("Powering off.");
5355                 reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
5356                 break;
5357
5358         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5359                 log_info("Rebooting.");
5360                 reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
5361                 break;
5362
5363         default:
5364                 assert_not_reached("Unknown halt action.");
5365         }
5366
5367         /* We should never reach this. */
5368         return -ENOSYS;
5369 }
5370
5371 static int runlevel_main(void) {
5372         int r, runlevel, previous;
5373
5374         if ((r = utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, &previous)) < 0) {
5375                 printf("unknown\n");
5376                 return r;
5377         }
5378
5379         printf("%c %c\n",
5380                previous <= 0 ? 'N' : previous,
5381                runlevel <= 0 ? 'N' : runlevel);
5382
5383         return 0;
5384 }
5385
5386 static void pager_open(void) {
5387         int fd[2];
5388         const char *pager;
5389
5390         if (pager_pid > 0)
5391                 return;
5392
5393         if (!on_tty() || arg_no_pager)
5394                 return;
5395
5396         if ((pager = getenv("PAGER")))
5397                 if (!*pager || streq(pager, "cat"))
5398                         return;
5399
5400         /* Determine and cache number of columns before we spawn the
5401          * pager so that we get the value from the actual tty */
5402         columns();
5403
5404         if (pipe(fd) < 0) {
5405                 log_error("Failed to create pager pipe: %m");
5406                 return;
5407         }
5408
5409         pager_pid = fork();
5410         if (pager_pid < 0) {
5411                 log_error("Failed to fork pager: %m");
5412                 close_pipe(fd);
5413                 return;
5414         }
5415
5416         /* In the child start the pager */
5417         if (pager_pid == 0) {
5418
5419                 dup2(fd[0], STDIN_FILENO);
5420                 close_pipe(fd);
5421
5422                 setenv("LESS", "FRSX", 0);
5423
5424                 prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM);
5425
5426                 if (pager) {
5427                         execlp(pager, pager, NULL);
5428                         execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", pager, NULL);
5429                 } else {
5430                         /* Debian's alternatives command for pagers is
5431                          * called 'pager'. Note that we do not call
5432                          * sensible-pagers here, since that is just a
5433                          * shell script that implements a logic that
5434                          * is similar to this one anyway, but is
5435                          * Debian-specific. */
5436                         execlp("pager", "pager", NULL);
5437
5438                         execlp("less", "less", NULL);
5439                         execlp("more", "more", NULL);
5440                 }
5441
5442                 log_error("Unable to execute pager: %m");
5443                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5444         }
5445
5446         /* Return in the parent */
5447         if (dup2(fd[1], STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
5448                 log_error("Failed to duplicate pager pipe: %m");
5449
5450         close_pipe(fd);
5451 }
5452
5453 static void pager_close(void) {
5454         siginfo_t dummy;
5455
5456         if (pager_pid <= 0)
5457                 return;
5458
5459         /* Inform pager that we are done */
5460         fclose(stdout);
5461         wait_for_terminate(pager_pid, &dummy);
5462         pager_pid = 0;
5463 }
5464
5465 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
5466         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
5467         DBusConnection *bus = NULL;
5468         DBusError error;
5469
5470         dbus_error_init(&error);
5471
5472         log_parse_environment();
5473         log_open();
5474
5475         if ((r = parse_argv(argc, argv)) < 0)
5476                 goto finish;
5477         else if (r == 0) {
5478                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
5479                 goto finish;
5480         }
5481
5482         /* /sbin/runlevel doesn't need to communicate via D-Bus, so
5483          * let's shortcut this */
5484         if (arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL) {
5485                 r = runlevel_main();
5486                 retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5487                 goto finish;
5488         }
5489
5490         bus_connect(arg_user ? DBUS_BUS_SESSION : DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &bus, &private_bus, &error);
5491
5492         switch (arg_action) {
5493
5494         case ACTION_SYSTEMCTL:
5495                 r = systemctl_main(bus, argc, argv, &error);
5496                 break;
5497
5498         case ACTION_HALT:
5499         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5500         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5501                 r = halt_main(bus);
5502                 break;
5503
5504         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL2:
5505         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL3:
5506         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL4:
5507         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL5:
5508         case ACTION_RESCUE:
5509         case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
5510         case ACTION_DEFAULT:
5511                 r = start_with_fallback(bus);
5512                 break;
5513
5514         case ACTION_RELOAD:
5515         case ACTION_REEXEC:
5516                 r = reload_with_fallback(bus);
5517                 break;
5518
5519         case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN:
5520                 r = send_shutdownd(0, 0, false, NULL);
5521                 break;
5522
5523         case ACTION_INVALID:
5524         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
5525         default:
5526                 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
5527         }
5528
5529         retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5530
5531 finish:
5532
5533         if (bus) {
5534                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
5535                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
5536                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
5537         }
5538
5539         dbus_error_free(&error);
5540
5541         dbus_shutdown();
5542
5543         strv_free(arg_property);
5544
5545         pager_close();
5546
5547         return retval;
5548 }