src/systemctl.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include <getopt.h>
  25 #include <stdbool.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  29 #include <termios.h>
  30 #include <unistd.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <sys/socket.h>
  33 #include <sys/stat.h>
  34 #include <stddef.h>
  35 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  36
  37 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  38
  39 #include "log.h"
  40 #include "util.h"
  41 #include "macro.h"
  42 #include "set.h"
  43 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  44 #include "special.h"
  45 #include "initreq.h"
  46 #include "strv.h"
  47 #include "dbus-common.h"
  48 #include "cgroup-show.h"
  49 #include "cgroup-util.h"
  50 #include "list.h"
  51 #include "path-lookup.h"
  52 #include "conf-parser.h"
  53 #include "sd-daemon.h"
  54 #include "shutdownd.h"
  55 #include "exit-status.h"
  56 #include "bus-errors.h"
  57 #include "build.h"
  58 #include "unit-name.h"
  59
  60 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
  61 static char **arg_property = NULL;
  62 static bool arg_all = false;
  63 static bool arg_fail = false;
  64 static bool arg_user = false;
  65 static bool arg_global = false;
  66 static bool arg_immediate = false;
  67 static bool arg_no_block = false;
  68 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
  69 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
  70 static bool arg_no_sync = false;
  71 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
  72 static bool arg_no_reload = false;
  73 static bool arg_dry = false;
  74 static bool arg_quiet = false;
  75 static bool arg_full = false;
  76 static bool arg_force = false;
  77 static bool arg_defaults = false;
  78 static bool arg_ask_password = false;
  79 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
  80 static const char *arg_kill_who = NULL;
  81 static const char *arg_kill_mode = NULL;
  82 static int arg_signal = SIGTERM;
  83 static usec_t arg_when = 0;
  84 static enum action {
  85         ACTION_INVALID,
  86         ACTION_SYSTEMCTL,
  87         ACTION_HALT,
  88         ACTION_POWEROFF,
  89         ACTION_REBOOT,
  90         ACTION_KEXEC,
  91         ACTION_EXIT,
  92         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
  93         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
  94         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
  95         ACTION_RUNLEVEL5,
  96         ACTION_RESCUE,
  97         ACTION_EMERGENCY,
  98         ACTION_DEFAULT,
  99         ACTION_RELOAD,
 100         ACTION_REEXEC,
 101         ACTION_RUNLEVEL,
 102         ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN,
 103         _ACTION_MAX
 104 } arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
 105 static enum dot {
 106         DOT_ALL,
 107         DOT_ORDER,
 108         DOT_REQUIRE
 109 } arg_dot = DOT_ALL;
 110
 111 static bool private_bus = false;
 112
 113 static pid_t pager_pid = 0;
 114
 115 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
 116 static void pager_open(void);
 117
 118 static bool on_tty(void) {
 119         static int t = -1;
 120
 121         /* Note that this is invoked relatively early, before we start
 122          * the pager. That means the value we return reflects whether
 123          * we originally were started on a tty, not if we currently
 124          * are. But this is intended, since we want color, and so on
 125          * when run in our own pager. */
 126
 127         if (_unlikely_(t < 0))
 128                 t = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
 129
 130         return t;
 131 }
 132
 133 static void spawn_ask_password_agent(void) {
 134         pid_t parent, child;
 135
 136         /* We check STDIN here, not STDOUT, since this is about input,
 137          * not output */
 138         if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO))
 139                 return;
 140
 141         if (!arg_ask_password)
 142                 return;
 143
 144         parent = getpid();
 145
 146         /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
 147          * we go away */
 148
 149         if ((child = fork()) < 0)
 150                 return;
 151
 152         if (child == 0) {
 153                 /* In the child */
 154                 const char * const args[] = {
 155                         SYSTEMD_TTY_ASK_PASSWORD_AGENT_BINARY_PATH,
 156                         "--watch",
 157                         NULL
 158                 };
 159
 160                 int fd;
 161
 162                 /* Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
 163                 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
 164                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 165
 166                 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
 167                  * to set the death signal */
 168                 if (getppid() != parent)
 169                         _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 170
 171                 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
 172                 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
 173
 174                 /* Detach from stdin/stdout/stderr. and reopen
 175                  * /dev/tty for them. This is important to ensure that
 176                  * when systemctl is started via popen() or a similar
 177                  * call that expects to read EOF we actually do
 178                  * generate EOF and not delay this indefinitely by
 179                  * because we keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
 180                 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {
 181                         log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
 182                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 183                 }
 184
 185                 close(STDIN_FILENO);
 186                 close(STDOUT_FILENO);
 187                 close(STDERR_FILENO);
 188
 189                 dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
 190                 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
 191                 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
 192
 193                 if (fd > 2)
 194                         close(fd);
 195
 196                 execv(args[0], (char **) args);
 197                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 198         }
 199 }
 200
 201 static const char *ansi_highlight(bool b) {
 202
 203         if (!on_tty())
 204                 return "";
 205
 206         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 207 }
 208
 209 static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
 210
 211         if (!on_tty())
 212                 return "";
 213
 214         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 215 }
 216
 217 static bool error_is_no_service(const DBusError *error) {
 218         assert(error);
 219
 220         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 221                 return false;
 222
 223         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
 224                 return true;
 225
 226         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
 227                 return true;
 228
 229         return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
 230 }
 231
 232 static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
 233         assert(error);
 234
 235         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 236                 return r;
 237
 238         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) ||
 239             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_ONLY_BY_DEPENDENCY) ||
 240             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_ISOLATION) ||
 241             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_TRANSACTION_IS_DESTRUCTIVE))
 242                 return EXIT_NOPERMISSION;
 243
 244         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
 245                 return EXIT_NOTINSTALLED;
 246
 247         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_JOB_TYPE_NOT_APPLICABLE) ||
 248             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED))
 249                 return EXIT_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
 250
 251         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_LOAD_FAILED))
 252                 return EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED;
 253
 254         if (r != 0)
 255                 return r;
 256
 257         return EXIT_FAILURE;
 258 }
 259
 260 static int bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(DBusMessageIter *iter, int type, void *data, bool next) {
 261
 262         assert(iter);
 263         assert(data);
 264
 265         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) != type)
 266                 return -EIO;
 267
 268         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, data);
 269
 270         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(iter) != !next)
 271                 return -EIO;
 272
 273         return 0;
 274 }
 275
 276 static void warn_wall(enum action action) {
 277         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 278                 [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
 279                 [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
 280                 [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
 281                 [ACTION_KEXEC]     = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
 282                 [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
 283                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
 284         };
 285
 286         if (arg_no_wall)
 287                 return;
 288
 289         if (arg_wall) {
 290                 char *p;
 291
 292                 if (!(p = strv_join(arg_wall, " "))) {
 293                         log_error("Failed to join strings.");
 294                         return;
 295                 }
 296
 297                 if (*p) {
 298                         utmp_wall(p, NULL);
 299                         free(p);
 300                         return;
 301                 }
 302
 303                 free(p);
 304         }
 305
 306         if (!table[action])
 307                 return;
 308
 309         utmp_wall(table[action], NULL);
 310 }
 311
 312 struct unit_info {
 313         const char *id;
 314         const char *description;
 315         const char *load_state;
 316         const char *active_state;
 317         const char *sub_state;
 318         const char *following;
 319         const char *unit_path;
 320         uint32_t job_id;
 321         const char *job_type;
 322         const char *job_path;
 323 };
 324
 325 static int compare_unit_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
 326         const char *d1, *d2;
 327         const struct unit_info *u = a, *v = b;
 328
 329         d1 = strrchr(u->id, '.');
 330         d2 = strrchr(v->id, '.');
 331
 332         if (d1 && d2) {
 333                 int r;
 334
 335                 if ((r = strcasecmp(d1, d2)) != 0)
 336                         return r;
 337         }
 338
 339         return strcasecmp(u->id, v->id);
 340 }
 341
 342 static bool output_show_job(const struct unit_info *u) {
 343         const char *dot;
 344
 345         return (!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(u->id, '.')) &&
 346                               streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
 347                 (arg_all || !(streq(u->active_state, "inactive") || u->following[0]) || u->job_id > 0);
 348 }
 349
 350 static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
 351         unsigned active_len, sub_len, job_len, n_shown = 0;
 352         const struct unit_info *u;
 353
 354         active_len = sizeof("ACTIVE")-1;
 355         sub_len = sizeof("SUB")-1;
 356         job_len = sizeof("JOB")-1;
 357
 358         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 359                 if (!output_show_job(u))
 360                         continue;
 361
 362                 active_len = MAX(active_len, strlen(u->active_state));
 363                 sub_len = MAX(sub_len, strlen(u->sub_state));
 364                 if (u->job_id != 0)
 365                         job_len = MAX(job_len, strlen(u->job_type));
 366         }
 367
 368         if (on_tty()) {
 369                 printf("%-25s %-6s %-*s %-*s %-*s", "UNIT", "LOAD",
 370                        active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB", job_len, "JOB");
 371                 if (columns() >= 80+12 || arg_full)
 372                         printf(" %s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
 373                 else
 374                         printf("\n");
 375         }
 376
 377         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 378                 char *e;
 379                 int a = 0, b = 0;
 380                 const char *on_loaded, *off_loaded;
 381                 const char *on_active, *off_active;
 382
 383                 if (!output_show_job(u))
 384                         continue;
 385
 386                 n_shown++;
 387
 388                 if (!streq(u->load_state, "loaded") &&
 389                     !streq(u->load_state, "banned")) {
 390                         on_loaded = ansi_highlight(true);
 391                         off_loaded = ansi_highlight(false);
 392                 } else
 393                         on_loaded = off_loaded = "";
 394
 395                 if (streq(u->active_state, "failed")) {
 396                         on_active = ansi_highlight(true);
 397                         off_active = ansi_highlight(false);
 398                 } else
 399                         on_active = off_active = "";
 400
 401                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(u->id, 25, 33);
 402
 403                 printf("%-25s %s%-6s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s%n",
 404                        e ? e : u->id,
 405                        on_loaded, u->load_state, off_loaded,
 406                        on_active, active_len, u->active_state,
 407                        sub_len, u->sub_state, off_active,
 408                        &a);
 409
 410                 free(e);
 411
 412                 a -= strlen(on_loaded) + strlen(off_loaded);
 413                 a -= strlen(on_active) + strlen(off_active);
 414
 415                 if (u->job_id != 0)
 416                         printf(" %-*s", job_len, u->job_type);
 417                 else
 418                         b = 1 + job_len;
 419
 420                 if (a + b + 1 < columns()) {
 421                         if (u->job_id == 0)
 422                                 printf(" %-*s", job_len, "");
 423
 424                         if (arg_full)
 425                                 printf(" %s", u->description);
 426                         else
 427                                 printf(" %.*s", columns() - a - b - 1, u->description);
 428                 }
 429
 430                 fputs("\n", stdout);
 431         }
 432
 433         if (on_tty()) {
 434                 printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
 435                        "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
 436                        "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n"
 437                        "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n");
 438
 439                 if (arg_all)
 440                         printf("\n%u units listed.\n", n_shown);
 441                 else
 442                         printf("\n%u units listed. Pass --all to see inactive units, too.\n", n_shown);
 443         }
 444 }
 445
 446 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 447         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 448         DBusError error;
 449         int r;
 450         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 451         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
 452         struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
 453
 454         dbus_error_init(&error);
 455
 456         assert(bus);
 457
 458         pager_open();
 459
 460         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 461                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 462                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 463                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 464                               "ListUnits"))) {
 465                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 466                 return -ENOMEM;
 467         }
 468
 469         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 470                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 471                 r = -EIO;
 472                 goto finish;
 473         }
 474
 475         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 476             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 477             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 478                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 479                 r = -EIO;
 480                 goto finish;
 481         }
 482
 483         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 484
 485         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 486                 struct unit_info *u;
 487
 488                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 489                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 490                         r = -EIO;
 491                         goto finish;
 492                 }
 493
 494                 if (c >= n_units) {
 495                         struct unit_info *w;
 496
 497                         n_units = MAX(2*c, 16);
 498                         w = realloc(unit_infos, sizeof(struct unit_info) * n_units);
 499
 500                         if (!w) {
 501                                 log_error("Failed to allocate unit array.");
 502                                 r = -ENOMEM;
 503                                 goto finish;
 504                         }
 505
 506                         unit_infos = w;
 507                 }
 508
 509                 u = unit_infos+c;
 510
 511                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 512
 513                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->id, true) < 0 ||
 514                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->description, true) < 0 ||
 515                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->load_state, true) < 0 ||
 516                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->active_state, true) < 0 ||
 517                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 518                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->following, true) < 0 ||
 519                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->unit_path, true) < 0 ||
 520                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &u->job_id, true) < 0 ||
 521                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->job_type, true) < 0 ||
 522                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->job_path, false) < 0) {
 523                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 524                         r = -EIO;
 525                         goto finish;
 526                 }
 527
 528                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 529                 c++;
 530         }
 531
 532         if (c > 0) {
 533                 qsort(unit_infos, c, sizeof(struct unit_info), compare_unit_info);
 534                 output_units_list(unit_infos, c);
 535         }
 536
 537         r = 0;
 538
 539 finish:
 540         if (m)
 541                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 542
 543         if (reply)
 544                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 545
 546         free(unit_infos);
 547
 548         dbus_error_free(&error);
 549
 550         return r;
 551 }
 552
 553 static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 554         static const char * const colors[] = {
 555                 "Requires",              "[color=\"black\"]",
 556                 "RequiresOverridable",   "[color=\"black\"]",
 557                 "Requisite",             "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 558                 "RequisiteOverridable",  "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 559                 "Wants",                 "[color=\"darkgrey\"]",
 560                 "Conflicts",             "[color=\"red\"]",
 561                 "ConflictedBy",          "[color=\"red\"]",
 562                 "After",                 "[color=\"green\"]"
 563         };
 564
 565         const char *c = NULL;
 566         unsigned i;
 567
 568         assert(name);
 569         assert(prop);
 570         assert(iter);
 571
 572         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(colors); i += 2)
 573                 if (streq(colors[i], prop)) {
 574                         c = colors[i+1];
 575                         break;
 576                 }
 577
 578         if (!c)
 579                 return 0;
 580
 581         if (arg_dot != DOT_ALL)
 582                 if ((arg_dot == DOT_ORDER) != streq(prop, "After"))
 583                         return 0;
 584
 585         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
 586
 587         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
 588
 589                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
 590                         DBusMessageIter sub;
 591
 592                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
 593
 594                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 595                                 const char *s;
 596
 597                                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
 598                                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
 599                                 printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" %s;\n", name, s, c);
 600
 601                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 602                         }
 603
 604                         return 0;
 605                 }
 606         }
 607
 608         return 0;
 609 }
 610
 611 static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
 612         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 613         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit";
 614         int r;
 615         DBusError error;
 616         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 617
 618         assert(bus);
 619         assert(path);
 620
 621         dbus_error_init(&error);
 622
 623         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 624                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 625                               path,
 626                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 627                               "GetAll"))) {
 628                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 629                 r = -ENOMEM;
 630                 goto finish;
 631         }
 632
 633         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 634                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
 635                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 636                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 637                 r = -ENOMEM;
 638                 goto finish;
 639         }
 640
 641         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 642                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 643                 r = -EIO;
 644                 goto finish;
 645         }
 646
 647         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 648             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 649             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
 650                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 651                 r = -EIO;
 652                 goto finish;
 653         }
 654
 655         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 656
 657         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 658                 const char *prop;
 659
 660                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
 661                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 662                         r = -EIO;
 663                         goto finish;
 664                 }
 665
 666                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 667
 668                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop, true) < 0) {
 669                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 670                         r = -EIO;
 671                         goto finish;
 672                 }
 673
 674                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
 675                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 676                         r = -EIO;
 677                         goto finish;
 678                 }
 679
 680                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
 681
 682                 if (dot_one_property(name, prop, &sub3)) {
 683                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 684                         r = -EIO;
 685                         goto finish;
 686                 }
 687
 688                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 689         }
 690
 691         r = 0;
 692
 693 finish:
 694         if (m)
 695                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 696
 697         if (reply)
 698                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 699
 700         dbus_error_free(&error);
 701
 702         return r;
 703 }
 704
 705 static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 706         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 707         DBusError error;
 708         int r;
 709         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 710
 711         dbus_error_init(&error);
 712
 713         assert(bus);
 714
 715         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 716                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 717                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 718                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 719                               "ListUnits"))) {
 720                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 721                 return -ENOMEM;
 722         }
 723
 724         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 725                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 726                 r = -EIO;
 727                 goto finish;
 728         }
 729
 730         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 731             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 732             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 733                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 734                 r = -EIO;
 735                 goto finish;
 736         }
 737
 738         printf("digraph systemd {\n");
 739
 740         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 741         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 742                 const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *following, *unit_path;
 743
 744                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 745                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 746                         r = -EIO;
 747                         goto finish;
 748                 }
 749
 750                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 751
 752                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
 753                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
 754                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
 755                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
 756                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 757                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &following, true) < 0 ||
 758                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, true) < 0) {
 759                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 760                         r = -EIO;
 761                         goto finish;
 762                 }
 763
 764                 if ((r = dot_one(bus, id, unit_path)) < 0)
 765                         goto finish;
 766
 767                 /* printf("\t\"%s\";\n", id); */
 768                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 769         }
 770
 771         printf("}\n");
 772
 773         log_info("   Color legend: black     = Requires\n"
 774                  "                 dark blue = Requisite\n"
 775                  "                 dark grey = Wants\n"
 776                  "                 red       = Conflicts\n"
 777                  "                 green     = After\n");
 778
 779         if (isatty(fileno(stdout)))
 780                 log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
 781                            "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");
 782
 783         r = 0;
 784
 785 finish:
 786         if (m)
 787                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 788
 789         if (reply)
 790                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 791
 792         dbus_error_free(&error);
 793
 794         return r;
 795 }
 796
 797 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 798         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 799         DBusError error;
 800         int r;
 801         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 802         unsigned k = 0;
 803
 804         dbus_error_init(&error);
 805
 806         assert(bus);
 807
 808         pager_open();
 809
 810         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 811                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 812                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 813                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 814                               "ListJobs"))) {
 815                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 816                 return -ENOMEM;
 817         }
 818
 819         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 820                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 821                 r = -EIO;
 822                 goto finish;
 823         }
 824
 825         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 826             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 827             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 828                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 829                 r = -EIO;
 830                 goto finish;
 831         }
 832
 833         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 834
 835         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
 836                 printf("%4s %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", "JOB", "UNIT", "TYPE", "STATE");
 837
 838         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 839                 const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
 840                 uint32_t id;
 841                 char *e;
 842
 843                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 844                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 845                         r = -EIO;
 846                         goto finish;
 847                 }
 848
 849                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 850
 851                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id, true) < 0 ||
 852                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0 ||
 853                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) < 0 ||
 854                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, true) < 0 ||
 855                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, true) < 0 ||
 856                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, false) < 0) {
 857                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 858                         r = -EIO;
 859                         goto finish;
 860                 }
 861
 862                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(name, 25, 33);
 863                 printf("%4u %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", id, e ? e : name, type, state);
 864                 free(e);
 865
 866                 k++;
 867
 868                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 869         }
 870
 871         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
 872                 printf("\n%u jobs listed.\n", k);
 873
 874         r = 0;
 875
 876 finish:
 877         if (m)
 878                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 879
 880         if (reply)
 881                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 882
 883         dbus_error_free(&error);
 884
 885         return r;
 886 }
 887
 888 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 889         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 890         DBusError error;
 891         int r;
 892         unsigned i;
 893
 894         dbus_error_init(&error);
 895
 896         assert(bus);
 897         assert(args);
 898
 899         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 900
 901                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 902                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 903                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 904                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 905                                       "LoadUnit"))) {
 906                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 907                         r = -ENOMEM;
 908                         goto finish;
 909                 }
 910
 911                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 912                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
 913                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 914                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 915                         r = -ENOMEM;
 916                         goto finish;
 917                 }
 918
 919                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 920                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 921                         r = -EIO;
 922                         goto finish;
 923                 }
 924
 925                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 926                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 927
 928                 m = reply = NULL;
 929         }
 930
 931         r = 0;
 932
 933 finish:
 934         if (m)
 935                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 936
 937         if (reply)
 938                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 939
 940         dbus_error_free(&error);
 941
 942         return r;
 943 }
 944
 945 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 946         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 947         DBusError error;
 948         int r;
 949         unsigned i;
 950
 951         dbus_error_init(&error);
 952
 953         assert(bus);
 954         assert(args);
 955
 956         if (n <= 1)
 957                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
 958
 959         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 960                 unsigned id;
 961                 const char *path;
 962
 963                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 964                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 965                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 966                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 967                                       "GetJob"))) {
 968                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 969                         r = -ENOMEM;
 970                         goto finish;
 971                 }
 972
 973                 if ((r = safe_atou(args[i], &id)) < 0) {
 974                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
 975                         goto finish;
 976                 }
 977
 978                 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
 979                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 980                                               DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 981                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 982                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 983                         r = -ENOMEM;
 984                         goto finish;
 985                 }
 986
 987                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 988                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 989                         r = -EIO;
 990                         goto finish;
 991                 }
 992
 993                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 994                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 995                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 996                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 997                         r = -EIO;
 998                         goto finish;
 999                 }
1000
1001                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1002                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1003                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1004                                       path,
1005                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
1006                                       "Cancel"))) {
1007                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1008                         r = -ENOMEM;
1009                         goto finish;
1010                 }
1011
1012                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1013                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1014                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1015                         r = -EIO;
1016                         goto finish;
1017                 }
1018
1019                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1020                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1021                 m = reply = NULL;
1022         }
1023
1024         r = 0;
1025
1026 finish:
1027         if (m)
1028                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1029
1030         if (reply)
1031                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1032
1033         dbus_error_free(&error);
1034
1035         return r;
1036 }
1037
1038 static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
1039         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1040         dbus_bool_t b = FALSE;
1041         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1042         const char
1043                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1044                 *property = "NeedDaemonReload",
1045                 *path;
1046
1047         /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a warning only */
1048
1049         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1050                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1051                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1052                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1053                               "GetUnit")))
1054                 goto finish;
1055
1056         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1057                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
1058                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1059                 goto finish;
1060
1061         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
1062                 goto finish;
1063
1064         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
1065                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1066                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1067                 goto finish;
1068
1069         dbus_message_unref(m);
1070         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1071                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1072                               path,
1073                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1074                               "Get")))
1075                 goto finish;
1076
1077         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1078                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1079                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1080                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1081                 goto finish;
1082         }
1083
1084         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1085         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
1086                 goto finish;
1087
1088         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1089             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
1090                 goto finish;
1091
1092         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1093
1094         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN)
1095                 goto finish;
1096
1097         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &b);
1098
1099 finish:
1100         if (m)
1101                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1102
1103         if (reply)
1104                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1105
1106         return b;
1107 }
1108
1109 typedef struct WaitData {
1110         Set *set;
1111         bool failed;
1112 } WaitData;
1113
1114 static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
1115         DBusError error;
1116         WaitData *d = data;
1117
1118         assert(connection);
1119         assert(message);
1120         assert(d);
1121
1122         dbus_error_init(&error);
1123
1124         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
1125                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
1126                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
1127                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
1128
1129         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
1130                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
1131                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
1132
1133         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
1134                 uint32_t id;
1135                 const char *path;
1136                 dbus_bool_t success = true;
1137
1138                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1139                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1140                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1141                                            DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
1142                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1143                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1144                 else {
1145                         char *p;
1146
1147                         if ((p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path)))
1148                                 free(p);
1149
1150                         if (!success)
1151                                 d->failed = true;
1152                 }
1153         }
1154
1155         dbus_error_free(&error);
1156         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
1157 }
1158
1159 static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
1160         DBusError error;
1161
1162         assert(bus);
1163
1164         if (private_bus)
1165                 return 0;
1166
1167         dbus_error_init(&error);
1168         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1169                            "type='signal',"
1170                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1171                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
1172                            "member='JobRemoved',"
1173                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
1174                            &error);
1175
1176         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1177                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1178                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1179                 return -EIO;
1180         }
1181
1182         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the match registrations. */
1183         return 0;
1184 }
1185
1186 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
1187         int r;
1188         WaitData d;
1189
1190         assert(bus);
1191         assert(s);
1192
1193         zero(d);
1194         d.set = s;
1195         d.failed = false;
1196
1197         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
1198                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
1199                 r = -ENOMEM;
1200                 goto finish;
1201         }
1202
1203         while (!set_isempty(s) &&
1204                dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
1205                 ;
1206
1207         if (!arg_quiet && d.failed)
1208                 log_error("Job failed. See system logs and 'systemctl status' for details.");
1209
1210         r = d.failed ? -EIO : 0;
1211
1212 finish:
1213         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
1214
1215         return r;
1216 }
1217
1218 static int start_unit_one(
1219                 DBusConnection *bus,
1220                 const char *method,
1221                 const char *name,
1222                 const char *mode,
1223                 DBusError *error,
1224                 Set *s) {
1225
1226         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1227         const char *path;
1228         int r;
1229
1230         assert(bus);
1231         assert(method);
1232         assert(name);
1233         assert(mode);
1234         assert(error);
1235         assert(arg_no_block || s);
1236
1237         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1238                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1239                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1240                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1241                               method))) {
1242                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1243                 r = -ENOMEM;
1244                 goto finish;
1245         }
1246
1247         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1248                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
1249                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
1250                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1251                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1252                 r = -ENOMEM;
1253                 goto finish;
1254         }
1255
1256         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, error))) {
1257
1258                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(error)) {
1259                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
1260                          * legacy actions. */
1261                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
1262                         goto finish;
1263                 }
1264
1265                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1266                 r = -EIO;
1267                 goto finish;
1268         }
1269
1270         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, error,
1271                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1272                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1273                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1274                 r = -EIO;
1275                 goto finish;
1276         }
1277
1278         if (need_daemon_reload(bus, name))
1279                 log_warning("Unit file of created job changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
1280                             arg_user ? "--user" : "--system");
1281
1282         if (!arg_no_block) {
1283                 char *p;
1284
1285                 if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1286                         log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
1287                         r = -ENOMEM;
1288                         goto finish;
1289                 }
1290
1291                 if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
1292                         free(p);
1293                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
1294                         goto finish;
1295                 }
1296         }
1297
1298         r = 0;
1299
1300 finish:
1301         if (m)
1302                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1303
1304         if (reply)
1305                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1306
1307         return r;
1308 }
1309
1310 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
1311         if (streq(verb, "halt"))
1312                 return ACTION_HALT;
1313         else if (streq(verb, "poweroff"))
1314                 return ACTION_POWEROFF;
1315         else if (streq(verb, "reboot"))
1316                 return ACTION_REBOOT;
1317         else if (streq(verb, "kexec"))
1318                 return ACTION_KEXEC;
1319         else if (streq(verb, "rescue"))
1320                 return ACTION_RESCUE;
1321         else if (streq(verb, "emergency"))
1322                 return ACTION_EMERGENCY;
1323         else if (streq(verb, "default"))
1324                 return ACTION_DEFAULT;
1325         else if (streq(verb, "exit"))
1326                 return ACTION_EXIT;
1327         else
1328                 return ACTION_INVALID;
1329 }
1330
1331 static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1332
1333         static const char * const table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
1334                 [ACTION_HALT] = SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,
1335                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] = SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,
1336                 [ACTION_REBOOT] = SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,
1337                 [ACTION_KEXEC] = SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET,
1338                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
1339                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
1340                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
1341                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
1342                 [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
1343                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
1344                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,
1345                 [ACTION_EXIT] = SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET
1346         };
1347
1348         int r, ret = 0;
1349         unsigned i;
1350         const char *method, *mode, *one_name;
1351         Set *s = NULL;
1352         DBusError error;
1353
1354         dbus_error_init(&error);
1355
1356         assert(bus);
1357
1358         spawn_ask_password_agent();
1359
1360         if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
1361                 method =
1362                         streq(args[0], "stop")                  ? "StopUnit" :
1363                         streq(args[0], "reload")                ? "ReloadUnit" :
1364                         streq(args[0], "restart")               ? "RestartUnit" :
1365                         streq(args[0], "try-restart")           ||
1366                         streq(args[0], "condrestart")           ? "TryRestartUnit" :
1367                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-restart")     ? "ReloadOrRestartUnit" :
1368                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-try-restart") ||
1369                         streq(args[0], "force-reload")          ? "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" :
1370                                                                   "StartUnit";
1371
1372                 mode =
1373                         (streq(args[0], "isolate") ||
1374                          streq(args[0], "rescue")  ||
1375                          streq(args[0], "emergency")) ? "isolate" :
1376                                              arg_fail ? "fail" :
1377                                                         "replace";
1378
1379                 one_name = table[verb_to_action(args[0])];
1380
1381         } else {
1382                 assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(table));
1383                 assert(table[arg_action]);
1384
1385                 method = "StartUnit";
1386
1387                 mode = (arg_action == ACTION_EMERGENCY ||
1388                         arg_action == ACTION_RESCUE ||
1389                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 ||
1390                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 ||
1391                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 ||
1392                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL5) ? "isolate" : "replace";
1393
1394                 one_name = table[arg_action];
1395         }
1396
1397         if (!arg_no_block) {
1398                 if ((ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
1399                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-ret));
1400                         goto finish;
1401                 }
1402
1403                 if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
1404                         log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
1405                         ret = -ENOMEM;
1406                         goto finish;
1407                 }
1408         }
1409
1410         if (one_name) {
1411                 if ((ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s)) <= 0)
1412                         goto finish;
1413         } else {
1414                 for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
1415                         if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, args[i], mode, &error, s)) != 0) {
1416                                 ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(r, &error);
1417                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1418                         }
1419         }
1420
1421         if (!arg_no_block)
1422                 if ((r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s)) < 0) {
1423                         ret = r;
1424                         goto finish;
1425                 }
1426
1427 finish:
1428         if (s)
1429                 set_free_free(s);
1430
1431         dbus_error_free(&error);
1432
1433         return ret;
1434 }
1435
1436 static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1437         int r;
1438
1439         assert(bus);
1440         assert(args);
1441
1442         if (arg_force &&
1443             (streq(args[0], "halt") ||
1444              streq(args[0], "poweroff") ||
1445              streq(args[0], "reboot") ||
1446              streq(args[0], "kexec") ||
1447              streq(args[0], "exit")))
1448                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
1449
1450         r = start_unit(bus, args, n);
1451
1452         if (r >= 0)
1453                 warn_wall(verb_to_action(args[0]));
1454
1455         return r;
1456 }
1457
1458 static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1459         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1460         const char
1461                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1462                 *property = "ActiveState";
1463         int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
1464         DBusError error;
1465         unsigned i;
1466
1467         assert(bus);
1468         assert(args);
1469
1470         dbus_error_init(&error);
1471
1472         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1473                 const char *path = NULL;
1474                 const char *state;
1475                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1476
1477                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1478                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1479                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1480                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1481                                       "GetUnit"))) {
1482                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1483                         r = -ENOMEM;
1484                         goto finish;
1485                 }
1486
1487                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1488                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1489                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1490                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1491                         r = -ENOMEM;
1492                         goto finish;
1493                 }
1494
1495                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1496
1497                         /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
1498                         if (!arg_quiet)
1499                                 puts("unknown");
1500
1501                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1502                         dbus_message_unref(m);
1503                         continue;
1504                 }
1505
1506                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1507                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1508                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1509                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1510                         r = -EIO;
1511                         goto finish;
1512                 }
1513
1514                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1515                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1516                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1517                                       path,
1518                                       "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1519                                       "Get"))) {
1520                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1521                         r = -ENOMEM;
1522                         goto finish;
1523                 }
1524
1525                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1526                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1527                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1528                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1529                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1530                         r = -ENOMEM;
1531                         goto finish;
1532                 }
1533
1534                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1535                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1536                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1537                         r = -EIO;
1538                         goto finish;
1539                 }
1540
1541                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1542                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1543                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1544                         r = -EIO;
1545                         goto finish;
1546                 }
1547
1548                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1549
1550                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1551                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1552                         r = -EIO;
1553                         goto finish;
1554                 }
1555
1556                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
1557
1558                 if (!arg_quiet)
1559                         puts(state);
1560
1561                 if (streq(state, "active") || streq(state, "reloading"))
1562                         r = 0;
1563
1564                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1565                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1566                 m = reply = NULL;
1567         }
1568
1569 finish:
1570         if (m)
1571                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1572
1573         if (reply)
1574                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1575
1576         dbus_error_free(&error);
1577
1578         return r;
1579 }
1580
1581 static int kill_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1582         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1583         int r = 0;
1584         DBusError error;
1585         unsigned i;
1586
1587         assert(bus);
1588         assert(args);
1589
1590         dbus_error_init(&error);
1591
1592         if (!arg_kill_who)
1593                 arg_kill_who = "all";
1594
1595         if (!arg_kill_mode)
1596                 arg_kill_mode = streq(arg_kill_who, "all") ? "control-group" : "process";
1597
1598         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1599
1600                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1601                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1602                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1603                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1604                                       "KillUnit"))) {
1605                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1606                         r = -ENOMEM;
1607                         goto finish;
1608                 }
1609
1610                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1611                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1612                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
1613                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_mode,
1614                                               DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
1615                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1616                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1617                         r = -ENOMEM;
1618                         goto finish;
1619                 }
1620
1621                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1622                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1623                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1624                         r = -EIO;
1625                 }
1626
1627                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1628
1629                 if (reply)
1630                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1631                 m = reply = NULL;
1632         }
1633
1634 finish:
1635         if (m)
1636                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1637
1638         if (reply)
1639                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1640
1641         dbus_error_free(&error);
1642
1643         return r;
1644 }
1645
1646 typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
1647         char *name;
1648
1649         char *path;
1650         char **argv;
1651
1652         bool ignore;
1653
1654         usec_t start_timestamp;
1655         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1656         pid_t pid;
1657         int code;
1658         int status;
1659
1660         LIST_FIELDS(struct ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1661 } ExecStatusInfo;
1662
1663 static void exec_status_info_free(ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1664         assert(i);
1665
1666         free(i->name);
1667         free(i->path);
1668         strv_free(i->argv);
1669         free(i);
1670 }
1671
1672 static int exec_status_info_deserialize(DBusMessageIter *sub, ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1673         uint64_t start_timestamp, exit_timestamp;
1674         DBusMessageIter sub2, sub3;
1675         const char*path;
1676         unsigned n;
1677         uint32_t pid;
1678         int32_t code, status;
1679         dbus_bool_t ignore;
1680
1681         assert(i);
1682         assert(i);
1683
1684         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
1685                 return -EIO;
1686
1687         dbus_message_iter_recurse(sub, &sub2);
1688
1689         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, true) < 0)
1690                 return -EIO;
1691
1692         if (!(i->path = strdup(path)))
1693                 return -ENOMEM;
1694
1695         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1696             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
1697                 return -EIO;
1698
1699         n = 0;
1700         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1701         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1702                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1703                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1704                 n++;
1705         }
1706
1707
1708         if (!(i->argv = new0(char*, n+1)))
1709                 return -ENOMEM;
1710
1711         n = 0;
1712         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1713         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1714                 const char *s;
1715
1716                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1717                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub3, &s);
1718                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1719
1720                 if (!(i->argv[n++] = strdup(s)))
1721                         return -ENOMEM;
1722         }
1723
1724         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2) ||
1725             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &ignore, true) < 0 ||
1726             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &start_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1727             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &exit_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1728             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid, true) < 0 ||
1729             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &code, true) < 0 ||
1730             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &status, false) < 0)
1731                 return -EIO;
1732
1733         i->ignore = ignore;
1734         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) start_timestamp;
1735         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) exit_timestamp;
1736         i->pid = (pid_t) pid;
1737         i->code = code;
1738         i->status = status;
1739
1740         return 0;
1741 }
1742
1743 typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
1744         const char *id;
1745         const char *load_state;
1746         const char *active_state;
1747         const char *sub_state;
1748
1749         const char *description;
1750         const char *following;
1751
1752         const char *path;
1753         const char *default_control_group;
1754
1755         usec_t inactive_exit_timestamp;
1756         usec_t active_enter_timestamp;
1757         usec_t active_exit_timestamp;
1758         usec_t inactive_enter_timestamp;
1759
1760         bool need_daemon_reload;
1761
1762         /* Service */
1763         pid_t main_pid;
1764         pid_t control_pid;
1765         const char *status_text;
1766         bool running:1;
1767 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1768         bool is_sysv:1;
1769 #endif
1770
1771         usec_t start_timestamp;
1772         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1773
1774         int exit_code, exit_status;
1775
1776         /* Socket */
1777         unsigned n_accepted;
1778         unsigned n_connections;
1779         bool accept;
1780
1781         /* Device */
1782         const char *sysfs_path;
1783
1784         /* Mount, Automount */
1785         const char *where;
1786
1787         /* Swap */
1788         const char *what;
1789
1790         LIST_HEAD(ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1791 } UnitStatusInfo;
1792
1793 static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
1794         ExecStatusInfo *p;
1795         const char *on, *off, *ss;
1796         usec_t timestamp;
1797         char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_PRETTY_MAX], *s1;
1798         char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
1799
1800         assert(i);
1801
1802         /* This shows pretty information about a unit. See
1803          * print_property() for a low-level property printer */
1804
1805         printf("%s", strna(i->id));
1806
1807         if (i->description && !streq_ptr(i->id, i->description))
1808                 printf(" - %s", i->description);
1809
1810         printf("\n");
1811
1812         if (i->following)
1813                 printf("\t  Follow: unit currently follows state of %s\n", i->following);
1814
1815         if (streq_ptr(i->load_state, "failed") ||
1816             streq_ptr(i->load_state, "banned")) {
1817                 on = ansi_highlight(true);
1818                 off = ansi_highlight(false);
1819         } else
1820                 on = off = "";
1821
1822         if (i->path)
1823                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->path);
1824         else
1825                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off);
1826
1827         ss = streq_ptr(i->active_state, i->sub_state) ? NULL : i->sub_state;
1828
1829         if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed")) {
1830                 on = ansi_highlight(true);
1831                 off = ansi_highlight(false);
1832         } else if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active") || streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading")) {
1833                 on = ansi_highlight_green(true);
1834                 off = ansi_highlight_green(false);
1835         } else
1836                 on = off = "";
1837
1838         if (ss)
1839                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s (%s)%s",
1840                        on,
1841                        strna(i->active_state),
1842                        ss,
1843                        off);
1844         else
1845                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s%s",
1846                        on,
1847                        strna(i->active_state),
1848                        off);
1849
1850         timestamp = (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active")      ||
1851                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading"))   ? i->active_enter_timestamp :
1852                     (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "inactive")    ||
1853                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed"))      ? i->inactive_enter_timestamp :
1854                     streq_ptr(i->active_state, "activating")    ? i->inactive_exit_timestamp :
1855                                                                   i->active_exit_timestamp;
1856
1857         s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
1858         s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), timestamp);
1859
1860         if (s1)
1861                 printf(" since %s; %s\n", s2, s1);
1862         else if (s2)
1863                 printf(" since %s\n", s2);
1864         else
1865                 printf("\n");
1866
1867         if (i->sysfs_path)
1868                 printf("\t  Device: %s\n", i->sysfs_path);
1869         if (i->where)
1870                 printf("\t   Where: %s\n", i->where);
1871         if (i->what)
1872                 printf("\t    What: %s\n", i->what);
1873
1874         if (i->accept)
1875                 printf("\tAccepted: %u; Connected: %u\n", i->n_accepted, i->n_connections);
1876
1877         LIST_FOREACH(exec, p, i->exec) {
1878                 char *t;
1879                 bool good;
1880
1881                 /* Only show exited processes here */
1882                 if (p->code == 0)
1883                         continue;
1884
1885                 t = strv_join(p->argv, " ");
1886                 printf("\t Process: %u %s=%s ", p->pid, p->name, strna(t));
1887                 free(t);
1888
1889 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1890                 if (i->is_sysv)
1891                         good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status);
1892                 else
1893 #endif
1894                         good = is_clean_exit(p->code, p->status);
1895
1896                 if (!good) {
1897                         on = ansi_highlight(true);
1898                         off = ansi_highlight(false);
1899                 } else
1900                         on = off = "";
1901
1902                 printf("%s(code=%s, ", on, sigchld_code_to_string(p->code));
1903
1904                 if (p->code == CLD_EXITED) {
1905                         const char *c;
1906
1907                         printf("status=%i", p->status);
1908
1909 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1910                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1911 #else
1912                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1913 #endif
1914                                 printf("/%s", c);
1915
1916                 } else
1917                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(p->status));
1918
1919                 printf(")%s\n", off);
1920
1921                 on = off = NULL;
1922
1923                 if (i->main_pid == p->pid &&
1924                     i->start_timestamp == p->start_timestamp &&
1925                     i->exit_timestamp == p->start_timestamp)
1926                         /* Let's not show this twice */
1927                         i->main_pid = 0;
1928
1929                 if (p->pid == i->control_pid)
1930                         i->control_pid = 0;
1931         }
1932
1933         if (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0) {
1934                 printf("\t");
1935
1936                 if (i->main_pid > 0) {
1937                         printf("Main PID: %u", (unsigned) i->main_pid);
1938
1939                         if (i->running) {
1940                                 char *t = NULL;
1941                                 get_process_name(i->main_pid, &t);
1942                                 if (t) {
1943                                         printf(" (%s)", t);
1944                                         free(t);
1945                                 }
1946                         } else if (i->exit_code > 0) {
1947                                 printf(" (code=%s, ", sigchld_code_to_string(i->exit_code));
1948
1949                                 if (i->exit_code == CLD_EXITED) {
1950                                         const char *c;
1951
1952                                         printf("status=%i", i->exit_status);
1953
1954 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1955                                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1956 #else
1957                                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1958 #endif
1959                                                 printf("/%s", c);
1960
1961                                 } else
1962                                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(i->exit_status));
1963                                 printf(")");
1964                         }
1965                 }
1966
1967                 if (i->main_pid > 0 && i->control_pid > 0)
1968                         printf(";");
1969
1970                 if (i->control_pid > 0) {
1971                         char *t = NULL;
1972
1973                         printf(" Control: %u", (unsigned) i->control_pid);
1974
1975                         get_process_name(i->control_pid, &t);
1976                         if (t) {
1977                                 printf(" (%s)", t);
1978                                 free(t);
1979                         }
1980                 }
1981
1982                 printf("\n");
1983         }
1984
1985         if (i->status_text)
1986                 printf("\t  Status: \"%s\"\n", i->status_text);
1987
1988         if (i->default_control_group) {
1989                 unsigned c;
1990
1991                 printf("\t  CGroup: %s\n", i->default_control_group);
1992
1993                 if ((c = columns()) > 18)
1994                         c -= 18;
1995                 else
1996                         c = 0;
1997
1998                 show_cgroup_by_path(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c);
1999         }
2000
2001         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
2002                 printf("\n%sWarning:%s Unit file changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.\n",
2003                        ansi_highlight(true),
2004                        ansi_highlight(false),
2005                        arg_user ? "--user" : "--system");
2006 }
2007
2008 static int status_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter, UnitStatusInfo *i) {
2009
2010         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
2011
2012         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
2013                 const char *s;
2014
2015                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
2016
2017                 if (s[0]) {
2018                         if (streq(name, "Id"))
2019                                 i->id = s;
2020                         else if (streq(name, "LoadState"))
2021                                 i->load_state = s;
2022                         else if (streq(name, "ActiveState"))
2023                                 i->active_state = s;
2024                         else if (streq(name, "SubState"))
2025                                 i->sub_state = s;
2026                         else if (streq(name, "Description"))
2027                                 i->description = s;
2028                         else if (streq(name, "FragmentPath"))
2029                                 i->path = s;
2030 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
2031                         else if (streq(name, "SysVPath")) {
2032                                 i->is_sysv = true;
2033                                 i->path = s;
2034                         }
2035 #endif
2036                         else if (streq(name, "DefaultControlGroup"))
2037                                 i->default_control_group = s;
2038                         else if (streq(name, "StatusText"))
2039                                 i->status_text = s;
2040                         else if (streq(name, "SysFSPath"))
2041                                 i->sysfs_path = s;
2042                         else if (streq(name, "Where"))
2043                                 i->where = s;
2044                         else if (streq(name, "What"))
2045                                 i->what = s;
2046                         else if (streq(name, "Following"))
2047                                 i->following = s;
2048                 }
2049
2050                 break;
2051         }
2052
2053         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
2054                 dbus_bool_t b;
2055
2056                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
2057
2058                 if (streq(name, "Accept"))
2059                         i->accept = b;
2060                 else if (streq(name, "NeedDaemonReload"))
2061                         i->need_daemon_reload = b;
2062
2063                 break;
2064         }
2065
2066         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
2067                 uint32_t u;
2068
2069                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2070
2071                 if (streq(name, "MainPID")) {
2072                         if (u > 0) {
2073                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2074                                 i->running = true;
2075                         }
2076                 } else if (streq(name, "ControlPID"))
2077                         i->control_pid = (pid_t) u;
2078                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainPID")) {
2079                         if (u > 0)
2080                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2081                 } else if (streq(name, "NAccepted"))
2082                         i->n_accepted = u;
2083                 else if (streq(name, "NConnections"))
2084                         i->n_connections = u;
2085
2086                 break;
2087         }
2088
2089         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
2090                 int32_t j;
2091
2092                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &j);
2093
2094                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainCode"))
2095                         i->exit_code = (int) j;
2096                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainStatus"))
2097                         i->exit_status = (int) j;
2098
2099                 break;
2100         }
2101
2102         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
2103                 uint64_t u;
2104
2105                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2106
2107                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainStartTimestamp"))
2108                         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2109                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainExitTimestamp"))
2110                         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2111                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveEnterTimestamp"))
2112                         i->active_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2113                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveEnterTimestamp"))
2114                         i->inactive_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2115                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveExitTimestamp"))
2116                         i->inactive_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2117                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveExitTimestamp"))
2118                         i->active_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2119
2120                 break;
2121         }
2122
2123         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
2124
2125                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT &&
2126                     startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2127                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2128
2129                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2130                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2131                                 ExecStatusInfo *info;
2132                                 int r;
2133
2134                                 if (!(info = new0(ExecStatusInfo, 1)))
2135                                         return -ENOMEM;
2136
2137                                 if (!(info->name = strdup(name))) {
2138                                         free(info);
2139                                         return -ENOMEM;
2140                                 }
2141
2142                                 if ((r = exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, info)) < 0) {
2143                                         free(info);
2144                                         return r;
2145                                 }
2146
2147                                 LIST_PREPEND(ExecStatusInfo, exec, i->exec, info);
2148
2149                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2150                         }
2151                 }
2152
2153                 break;
2154         }
2155         }
2156
2157         return 0;
2158 }
2159
2160 static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
2161         assert(name);
2162         assert(iter);
2163
2164         /* This is a low-level property printer, see
2165          * print_status_info() for the nicer output */
2166
2167         if (arg_property && !strv_find(arg_property, name))
2168                 return 0;
2169
2170         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
2171
2172         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
2173                 const char *s;
2174                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
2175
2176                 if (arg_all || s[0])
2177                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
2178
2179                 return 0;
2180         }
2181
2182         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
2183                 dbus_bool_t b;
2184                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
2185                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, yes_no(b));
2186
2187                 return 0;
2188         }
2189
2190         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
2191                 uint64_t u;
2192                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2193
2194                 /* Yes, heuristics! But we can change this check
2195                  * should it turn out to not be sufficient */
2196
2197                 if (strstr(name, "Timestamp")) {
2198                         char timestamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *t;
2199
2200                         if ((t = format_timestamp(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), u)) || arg_all)
2201                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, strempty(t));
2202                 } else if (strstr(name, "USec")) {
2203                         char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
2204
2205                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), u));
2206                 } else
2207                         printf("%s=%llu\n", name, (unsigned long long) u);
2208
2209                 return 0;
2210         }
2211
2212         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
2213                 uint32_t u;
2214                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2215
2216                 if (strstr(name, "UMask") || strstr(name, "Mode"))
2217                         printf("%s=%04o\n", name, u);
2218                 else
2219                         printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
2220
2221                 return 0;
2222         }
2223
2224         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
2225                 int32_t i;
2226                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &i);
2227
2228                 printf("%s=%i\n", name, (int) i);
2229                 return 0;
2230         }
2231
2232         case DBUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
2233                 double d;
2234                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &d);
2235
2236                 printf("%s=%g\n", name, d);
2237                 return 0;
2238         }
2239
2240         case DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT: {
2241                 DBusMessageIter sub;
2242                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2243
2244                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_UINT32 && streq(name, "Job")) {
2245                         uint32_t u;
2246
2247                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
2248
2249                         if (u)
2250                                 printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
2251                         else if (arg_all)
2252                                 printf("%s=\n", name);
2253
2254                         return 0;
2255                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "Unit")) {
2256                         const char *s;
2257
2258                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2259
2260                         if (arg_all || s[0])
2261                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
2262
2263                         return 0;
2264                 }
2265
2266                 break;
2267         }
2268
2269         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
2270
2271                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
2272                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2273                         bool space = false;
2274
2275                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2276                         if (arg_all ||
2277                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2278                                 printf("%s=", name);
2279
2280                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2281                                         const char *s;
2282
2283                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
2284                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2285                                         printf("%s%s", space ? " " : "", s);
2286
2287                                         space = true;
2288                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2289                                 }
2290
2291                                 puts("");
2292                         }
2293
2294                         return 0;
2295
2296                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE) {
2297                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2298
2299                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2300                         if (arg_all ||
2301                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2302                                 printf("%s=", name);
2303
2304                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2305                                         uint8_t u;
2306
2307                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE);
2308                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
2309                                         printf("%02x", u);
2310
2311                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2312                                 }
2313
2314                                 puts("");
2315                         }
2316
2317                         return 0;
2318
2319                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Paths")) {
2320                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2321
2322                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2323                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2324                                 const char *type, *path;
2325
2326                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2327
2328                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) >= 0 &&
2329                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, false) >= 0)
2330                                         printf("%s=%s\n", type, path);
2331
2332                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2333                         }
2334
2335                         return 0;
2336
2337                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Timers")) {
2338                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2339
2340                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2341                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2342                                 const char *base;
2343                                 uint64_t value, next_elapse;
2344
2345                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2346
2347                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &base, true) >= 0 &&
2348                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &value, true) >= 0 &&
2349                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &next_elapse, false) >= 0) {
2350                                         char timespan1[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], timespan2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
2351
2352                                         printf("%s={ value=%s ; next_elapse=%s }\n",
2353                                                base,
2354                                                format_timespan(timespan1, sizeof(timespan1), value),
2355                                                format_timespan(timespan2, sizeof(timespan2), next_elapse));
2356                                 }
2357
2358                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2359                         }
2360
2361                         return 0;
2362
2363                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2364                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2365
2366                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2367                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2368                                 ExecStatusInfo info;
2369
2370                                 zero(info);
2371                                 if (exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, &info) >= 0) {
2372                                         char timestamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], timestamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
2373                                         char *t;
2374
2375                                         t = strv_join(info.argv, " ");
2376
2377                                         printf("%s={ path=%s ; argv[]=%s ; ignore=%s ; start_time=[%s] ; stop_time=[%s] ; pid=%u ; code=%s ; status=%i%s%s }\n",
2378                                                name,
2379                                                strna(info.path),
2380                                                strna(t),
2381                                                yes_no(info.ignore),
2382                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp1, sizeof(timestamp1), info.start_timestamp)),
2383                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp2, sizeof(timestamp2), info.exit_timestamp)),
2384                                                (unsigned) info. pid,
2385                                                sigchld_code_to_string(info.code),
2386                                                info.status,
2387                                                info.code == CLD_EXITED ? "" : "/",
2388                                                strempty(info.code == CLD_EXITED ? NULL : signal_to_string(info.status)));
2389
2390                                         free(t);
2391                                 }
2392
2393                                 free(info.path);
2394                                 strv_free(info.argv);
2395
2396                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2397                         }
2398
2399                         return 0;
2400                 }
2401
2402                 break;
2403         }
2404
2405         if (arg_all)
2406                 printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
2407
2408         return 0;
2409 }
2410
2411 static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
2412         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2413         const char *interface = "";
2414         int r;
2415         DBusError error;
2416         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
2417         UnitStatusInfo info;
2418         ExecStatusInfo *p;
2419
2420         assert(bus);
2421         assert(path);
2422         assert(new_line);
2423
2424         zero(info);
2425         dbus_error_init(&error);
2426
2427         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2428                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2429                               path,
2430                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2431                               "GetAll"))) {
2432                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2433                 r = -ENOMEM;
2434                 goto finish;
2435         }
2436
2437         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2438                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2439                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2440                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2441                 r = -ENOMEM;
2442                 goto finish;
2443         }
2444
2445         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2446                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2447                 r = -EIO;
2448                 goto finish;
2449         }
2450
2451         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2452             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
2453             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
2454                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2455                 r = -EIO;
2456                 goto finish;
2457         }
2458
2459         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2460
2461         if (*new_line)
2462                 printf("\n");
2463
2464         *new_line = true;
2465
2466         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2467                 const char *name;
2468
2469                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
2470                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2471                         r = -EIO;
2472                         goto finish;
2473                 }
2474
2475                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2476
2477                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0) {
2478                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2479                         r = -EIO;
2480                         goto finish;
2481                 }
2482
2483                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2484                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2485                         r = -EIO;
2486                         goto finish;
2487                 }
2488
2489                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
2490
2491                 if (show_properties)
2492                         r = print_property(name, &sub3);
2493                 else
2494                         r = status_property(name, &sub3, &info);
2495
2496                 if (r < 0) {
2497                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2498                         r = -EIO;
2499                         goto finish;
2500                 }
2501
2502                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2503         }
2504
2505         r = 0;
2506
2507         if (!show_properties)
2508                 print_status_info(&info);
2509
2510         if (!streq_ptr(info.active_state, "active") &&
2511             !streq_ptr(info.active_state, "reloading") &&
2512             streq(verb, "status"))
2513                 /* According to LSB: "program not running" */
2514                 r = 3;
2515
2516         while ((p = info.exec)) {
2517                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecStatusInfo, exec, info.exec, p);
2518                 exec_status_info_free(p);
2519         }
2520
2521 finish:
2522         if (m)
2523                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2524
2525         if (reply)
2526                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2527
2528         dbus_error_free(&error);
2529
2530         return r;
2531 }
2532
2533 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2534         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2535         int r, ret = 0;
2536         DBusError error;
2537         unsigned i;
2538         bool show_properties, new_line = false;
2539
2540         assert(bus);
2541         assert(args);
2542
2543         dbus_error_init(&error);
2544
2545         show_properties = !streq(args[0], "status");
2546
2547         if (show_properties)
2548                 pager_open();
2549
2550         if (show_properties && n <= 1) {
2551                 /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
2552                  * itself */
2553
2554                 ret = show_one(args[0], bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line);
2555                 goto finish;
2556         }
2557
2558         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2559                 const char *path = NULL;
2560                 uint32_t id;
2561
2562                 if (safe_atou32(args[i], &id) < 0) {
2563
2564                         /* Interpret as unit name */
2565
2566                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2567                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2568                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2569                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2570                                               "LoadUnit"))) {
2571                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2572                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2573                                 goto finish;
2574                         }
2575
2576                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2577                                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2578                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2579                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2580                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2581                                 goto finish;
2582                         }
2583
2584                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2585
2586                                 if (!dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) {
2587                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2588                                         ret = -EIO;
2589                                         goto finish;
2590                                 }
2591
2592                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
2593
2594                                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2595                                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2596                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2597                                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2598                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2599                                                       "GetUnit"))) {
2600                                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2601                                         ret = -ENOMEM;
2602                                         goto finish;
2603                                 }
2604
2605                                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2606                                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2607                                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2608                                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2609                                         ret = -ENOMEM;
2610                                         goto finish;
2611                                 }
2612
2613                                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2614                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2615
2616                                         if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
2617                                                 ret = 4; /* According to LSB: "program or service status is unknown" */
2618                                         else
2619                                                 ret = -EIO;
2620                                         goto finish;
2621                                 }
2622                         }
2623
2624                 } else if (show_properties) {
2625
2626                         /* Interpret as job id */
2627
2628                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2629                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2630                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2631                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2632                                               "GetJob"))) {
2633                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2634                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2635                                 goto finish;
2636                         }
2637
2638                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2639                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2640                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2641                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2642                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2643                                 goto finish;
2644                         }
2645
2646                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2647                                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2648                                 ret = -EIO;
2649                                 goto finish;
2650                         }
2651                 } else {
2652
2653                         /* Interpret as PID */
2654
2655                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2656                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2657                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2658                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2659                                               "GetUnitByPID"))) {
2660                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2661                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2662                                 goto finish;
2663                         }
2664
2665                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2666                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2667                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2668                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2669                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2670                                 goto finish;
2671                         }
2672
2673                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2674                                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2675                                 ret = -EIO;
2676                                 goto finish;
2677                         }
2678                 }
2679
2680                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2681                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2682                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2683                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2684                         ret = -EIO;
2685                         goto finish;
2686                 }
2687
2688                 if ((r = show_one(args[0], bus, path, show_properties, &new_line)) != 0)
2689                         ret = r;
2690
2691                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2692                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2693                 m = reply = NULL;
2694         }
2695
2696 finish:
2697         if (m)
2698                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2699
2700         if (reply)
2701                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2702
2703         dbus_error_free(&error);
2704
2705         return ret;
2706 }
2707
2708 static DBusHandlerResult monitor_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
2709         DBusError error;
2710         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2711
2712         assert(connection);
2713         assert(message);
2714
2715         dbus_error_init(&error);
2716
2717         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
2718                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
2719                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
2720                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
2721
2722         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
2723                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
2724                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
2725
2726         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitNew") ||
2727                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitRemoved")) {
2728                 const char *id, *path;
2729
2730                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2731                                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id,
2732                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2733                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2734                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2735                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "UnitNew"))
2736                         printf("Unit %s added.\n", id);
2737                 else
2738                         printf("Unit %s removed.\n", id);
2739
2740         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobNew") ||
2741                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
2742                 uint32_t id;
2743                 const char *path;
2744
2745                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2746                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2747                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2748                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2749                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2750                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "JobNew"))
2751                         printf("Job %u added.\n", id);
2752                 else
2753                         printf("Job %u removed.\n", id);
2754
2755
2756         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "PropertiesChanged")) {
2757
2758                 const char *path, *interface, *property = "Id";
2759                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2760
2761                 path = dbus_message_get_path(message);
2762
2763                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2764                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2765                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2766                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2767                         goto finish;
2768                 }
2769
2770                 if (!streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job") &&
2771                     !streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit"))
2772                         goto finish;
2773
2774                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2775                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2776                               path,
2777                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2778                               "Get"))) {
2779                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2780                         goto oom;
2781                 }
2782
2783                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2784                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2785                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
2786                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2787                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2788                         goto finish;
2789                 }
2790
2791                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection, m, -1, &error))) {
2792                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2793                         goto finish;
2794                 }
2795
2796                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2797                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2798                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2799                         goto finish;
2800                 }
2801
2802                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2803
2804                 if (streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit")) {
2805                         const char *id;
2806
2807                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
2808                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2809                                 goto finish;
2810                         }
2811
2812                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2813                         printf("Unit %s changed.\n", id);
2814                 } else {
2815                         uint32_t id;
2816
2817                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_UINT32)  {
2818                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2819                                 goto finish;
2820                         }
2821
2822                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2823                         printf("Job %u changed.\n", id);
2824                 }
2825         }
2826
2827 finish:
2828         if (m)
2829                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2830
2831         if (reply)
2832                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2833
2834         dbus_error_free(&error);
2835         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
2836
2837 oom:
2838         if (m)
2839                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2840
2841         if (reply)
2842                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2843
2844         dbus_error_free(&error);
2845         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
2846 }
2847
2848 static int monitor(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2849         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2850         DBusError error;
2851         int r;
2852
2853         dbus_error_init(&error);
2854
2855         if (!private_bus) {
2856                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2857                                    "type='signal',"
2858                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2859                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
2860                                    "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
2861                                    &error);
2862
2863                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2864                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2865                         r = -EIO;
2866                         goto finish;
2867                 }
2868
2869                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2870                                    "type='signal',"
2871                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2872                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',"
2873                                    "member='PropertiesChanged'",
2874                                    &error);
2875
2876                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2877                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2878                         r = -EIO;
2879                         goto finish;
2880                 }
2881         }
2882
2883         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, monitor_filter, NULL, NULL)) {
2884                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
2885                 r = -ENOMEM;
2886                 goto finish;
2887         }
2888
2889         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2890                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2891                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2892                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2893                               "Subscribe"))) {
2894                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2895                 r = -ENOMEM;
2896                 goto finish;
2897         }
2898
2899         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2900                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2901                 r = -EIO;
2902                 goto finish;
2903         }
2904
2905         while (dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
2906                 ;
2907
2908         r = 0;
2909
2910 finish:
2911
2912         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter or the matches. */
2913
2914         if (m)
2915                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2916
2917         if (reply)
2918                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2919
2920         dbus_error_free(&error);
2921
2922         return r;
2923 }
2924
2925 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2926         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2927         DBusError error;
2928         int r;
2929         const char *text;
2930
2931         dbus_error_init(&error);
2932
2933         pager_open();
2934
2935         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2936                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2937                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2938                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2939                               "Dump"))) {
2940                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2941                 return -ENOMEM;
2942         }
2943
2944         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2945                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2946                 r = -EIO;
2947                 goto finish;
2948         }
2949
2950         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2951                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
2952                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2953                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2954                 r = -EIO;
2955                 goto finish;
2956         }
2957
2958         fputs(text, stdout);
2959
2960         r = 0;
2961
2962 finish:
2963         if (m)
2964                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2965
2966         if (reply)
2967                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2968
2969         dbus_error_free(&error);
2970
2971         return r;
2972 }
2973
2974 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2975         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2976         DBusError error;
2977         int r;
2978         const char *name = "", *path, *id;
2979         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
2980         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2981         const char
2982                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
2983                 *property = "Id";
2984
2985         dbus_error_init(&error);
2986
2987         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2988                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2989                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2990                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2991                               "CreateSnapshot"))) {
2992                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2993                 return -ENOMEM;
2994         }
2995
2996         if (n > 1)
2997                 name = args[1];
2998
2999         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3000                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
3001                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
3002                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3003                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3004                 r = -ENOMEM;
3005                 goto finish;
3006         }
3007
3008         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3009                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3010                 r = -EIO;
3011                 goto finish;
3012         }
3013
3014         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3015                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
3016                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3017                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3018                 r = -EIO;
3019                 goto finish;
3020         }
3021
3022         dbus_message_unref(m);
3023         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3024                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3025                               path,
3026                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
3027                               "Get"))) {
3028                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3029                 return -ENOMEM;
3030         }
3031
3032         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3033                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
3034                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
3035                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3036                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3037                 r = -ENOMEM;
3038                 goto finish;
3039         }
3040
3041         dbus_message_unref(reply);
3042         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3043                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3044                 r = -EIO;
3045                 goto finish;
3046         }
3047
3048         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
3049             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
3050                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3051                 r = -EIO;
3052                 goto finish;
3053         }
3054
3055         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
3056
3057         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
3058                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3059                 r = -EIO;
3060                 goto finish;
3061         }
3062
3063         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
3064
3065         if (!arg_quiet)
3066                 puts(id);
3067         r = 0;
3068
3069 finish:
3070         if (m)
3071                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3072
3073         if (reply)
3074                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3075
3076         dbus_error_free(&error);
3077
3078         return r;
3079 }
3080
3081 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3082         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3083         int r;
3084         DBusError error;
3085         unsigned i;
3086
3087         assert(bus);
3088         assert(args);
3089
3090         dbus_error_init(&error);
3091
3092         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
3093                 const char *path = NULL;
3094
3095                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3096                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3097                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3098                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3099                                       "GetUnit"))) {
3100                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3101                         r = -ENOMEM;
3102                         goto finish;
3103                 }
3104
3105                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3106                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
3107                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3108                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3109                         r = -ENOMEM;
3110                         goto finish;
3111                 }
3112
3113                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3114                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3115                         r = -EIO;
3116                         goto finish;
3117                 }
3118
3119                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3120                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
3121                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3122                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3123                         r = -EIO;
3124                         goto finish;
3125                 }
3126
3127                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3128                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3129                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3130                                       path,
3131                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
3132                                       "Remove"))) {
3133                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3134                         r = -ENOMEM;
3135                         goto finish;
3136                 }
3137
3138                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3139                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3140                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3141                         r = -EIO;
3142                         goto finish;
3143                 }
3144
3145                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3146                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3147                 m = reply = NULL;
3148         }
3149
3150         r = 0;
3151
3152 finish:
3153         if (m)
3154                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3155
3156         if (reply)
3157                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3158
3159         dbus_error_free(&error);
3160
3161         return r;
3162 }
3163
3164 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3165         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3166         DBusError error;
3167         int r;
3168         const char *method;
3169
3170         dbus_error_init(&error);
3171
3172         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
3173                 method = "Reload";
3174         else if (arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC)
3175                 method = "Reexecute";
3176         else {
3177                 assert(arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL);
3178
3179                 method =
3180                         streq(args[0], "clear-jobs")    ||
3181                         streq(args[0], "cancel")        ? "ClearJobs" :
3182                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reexec") ? "Reexecute" :
3183                         streq(args[0], "reset-failed")  ? "ResetFailed" :
3184                         streq(args[0], "halt")          ? "Halt" :
3185                         streq(args[0], "poweroff")      ? "PowerOff" :
3186                         streq(args[0], "reboot")        ? "Reboot" :
3187                         streq(args[0], "kexec")         ? "KExec" :
3188                         streq(args[0], "exit")          ? "Exit" :
3189                                     /* "daemon-reload" */ "Reload";
3190         }
3191
3192         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3193                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3194                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3195                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3196                               method))) {
3197                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3198                 return -ENOMEM;
3199         }
3200
3201         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3202
3203                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
3204                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
3205                          * legacy actions. */
3206                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
3207                         goto finish;
3208                 }
3209
3210                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3211                 r = -EIO;
3212                 goto finish;
3213         }
3214
3215         r = 0;
3216
3217 finish:
3218         if (m)
3219                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3220
3221         if (reply)
3222                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3223
3224         dbus_error_free(&error);
3225
3226         return r;
3227 }
3228
3229 static int reset_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3230         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3231         unsigned i;
3232         int r;
3233         DBusError error;
3234
3235         assert(bus);
3236         dbus_error_init(&error);
3237
3238         if (n <= 1)
3239                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
3240
3241         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
3242
3243                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3244                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3245                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3246                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3247                                       "ResetFailedUnit"))) {
3248                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3249                         r = -ENOMEM;
3250                         goto finish;
3251                 }
3252
3253                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3254                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, args + i,
3255                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3256                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3257                         r = -ENOMEM;
3258                         goto finish;
3259                 }
3260
3261                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3262                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3263                         r = -EIO;
3264                         goto finish;
3265                 }
3266
3267                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3268                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3269                 m = reply = NULL;
3270         }
3271
3272         r = 0;
3273
3274 finish:
3275         if (m)
3276                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3277
3278         if (reply)
3279                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3280
3281         dbus_error_free(&error);
3282
3283         return r;
3284 }
3285
3286 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3287         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3288         DBusError error;
3289         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
3290         int r;
3291         const char
3292                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3293                 *property = "Environment";
3294
3295         dbus_error_init(&error);
3296
3297         pager_open();
3298
3299         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3300                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3301                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3302                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
3303                               "Get"))) {
3304                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3305                 return -ENOMEM;
3306         }
3307
3308         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3309                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
3310                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
3311                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3312                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3313                 r = -ENOMEM;
3314                 goto finish;
3315         }
3316
3317         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3318                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3319                 r = -EIO;
3320                 goto finish;
3321         }
3322
3323         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
3324             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
3325                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3326                 r = -EIO;
3327                 goto finish;
3328         }
3329
3330         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
3331
3332         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
3333             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
3334                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3335                 r = -EIO;
3336                 goto finish;
3337         }
3338
3339         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
3340
3341         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
3342                 const char *text;
3343
3344                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
3345                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3346                         r = -EIO;
3347                         goto finish;
3348                 }
3349
3350                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub2, &text);
3351                 printf("%s\n", text);
3352
3353                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2);
3354         }
3355
3356         r = 0;
3357
3358 finish:
3359         if (m)
3360                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3361
3362         if (reply)
3363                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3364
3365         dbus_error_free(&error);
3366
3367         return r;
3368 }
3369
3370 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3371         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3372         DBusError error;
3373         int r;
3374         const char *method;
3375         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
3376         unsigned i;
3377
3378         dbus_error_init(&error);
3379
3380         method = streq(args[0], "set-environment")
3381                 ? "SetEnvironment"
3382                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
3383
3384         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3385                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3386                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3387                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3388                               method))) {
3389
3390                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3391                 return -ENOMEM;
3392         }
3393
3394         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
3395
3396         if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
3397                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3398                 r = -ENOMEM;
3399                 goto finish;
3400         }
3401
3402         for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
3403                 if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i])) {
3404                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3405                         r = -ENOMEM;
3406                         goto finish;
3407                 }
3408
3409         if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
3410                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3411                 r = -ENOMEM;
3412                 goto finish;
3413         }
3414
3415         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3416                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3417                 r = -EIO;
3418                 goto finish;
3419         }
3420
3421         r = 0;
3422
3423 finish:
3424         if (m)
3425                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3426
3427         if (reply)
3428                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3429
3430         dbus_error_free(&error);
3431
3432         return r;
3433 }
3434
3435 typedef struct {
3436         char *name;
3437         char *path;
3438
3439         char **aliases;
3440         char **wanted_by;
3441 } InstallInfo;
3442
3443 static Hashmap *will_install = NULL, *have_installed = NULL;
3444 static Set *remove_symlinks_to = NULL;
3445 static unsigned n_symlinks = 0;
3446
3447 static void install_info_free(InstallInfo *i) {
3448         assert(i);
3449
3450         free(i->name);
3451         free(i->path);
3452         strv_free(i->aliases);
3453         strv_free(i->wanted_by);
3454         free(i);
3455 }
3456
3457 static void install_info_hashmap_free(Hashmap *m) {
3458         InstallInfo *i;
3459
3460         while ((i = hashmap_steal_first(m)))
3461                 install_info_free(i);
3462
3463         hashmap_free(m);
3464 }
3465
3466 static int install_info_add(const char *name) {
3467         InstallInfo *i;
3468         int r;
3469
3470         assert(will_install);
3471
3472         if (!unit_name_is_valid_no_type(name, true)) {
3473                 log_warning("Unit name %s is not a valid unit name.", name);
3474                 return -EINVAL;
3475         }
3476
3477         if (hashmap_get(have_installed, name) ||
3478             hashmap_get(will_install, name))
3479                 return 0;
3480
3481         if (!(i = new0(InstallInfo, 1))) {
3482                 r = -ENOMEM;
3483                 goto fail;
3484         }
3485
3486         if (!(i->name = strdup(name))) {
3487                 r = -ENOMEM;
3488                 goto fail;
3489         }
3490
3491         if ((r = hashmap_put(will_install, i->name, i)) < 0)
3492                 goto fail;
3493
3494         return 0;
3495
3496 fail:
3497         if (i)
3498                 install_info_free(i);
3499
3500         return r;
3501 }
3502
3503 static int config_parse_also(
3504                 const char *filename,
3505                 unsigned line,
3506                 const char *section,
3507                 const char *lvalue,
3508                 const char *rvalue,
3509                 void *data,
3510                 void *userdata) {
3511
3512         char *w;
3513         size_t l;
3514         char *state;
3515
3516         assert(filename);
3517         assert(lvalue);
3518         assert(rvalue);
3519
3520         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
3521                 char *n;
3522                 int r;
3523
3524                 if (!(n = strndup(w, l)))
3525                         return -ENOMEM;
3526
3527                 if ((r = install_info_add(n)) < 0) {
3528                         log_warning("Cannot install unit %s: %s", n, strerror(-r));
3529                         free(n);
3530                         return r;
3531                 }
3532
3533                 free(n);
3534         }
3535
3536         return 0;
3537 }
3538
3539 static int mark_symlink_for_removal(const char *p) {
3540         char *n;
3541         int r;
3542
3543         assert(p);
3544         assert(path_is_absolute(p));
3545
3546         if (!remove_symlinks_to)
3547                 return 0;
3548
3549         if (!(n = strdup(p)))
3550                 return -ENOMEM;
3551
3552         path_kill_slashes(n);
3553
3554         if ((r = set_put(remove_symlinks_to, n)) < 0) {
3555                 free(n);
3556                 return r == -EEXIST ? 0 : r;
3557         }
3558
3559         return 0;
3560 }
3561
3562 static int remove_marked_symlinks_fd(int fd, const char *config_path, const char *root, bool *deleted) {
3563         int r = 0;
3564         DIR *d;
3565         struct dirent *de;
3566
3567         assert(fd >= 0);
3568         assert(root);
3569         assert(deleted);
3570
3571         if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3572                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3573                 return -errno;
3574         }
3575
3576         rewinddir(d);
3577
3578         while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3579                 bool is_dir = false, is_link = false;
3580
3581                 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3582                         continue;
3583
3584                 if (de->d_type == DT_LNK)
3585                         is_link = true;
3586                 else if (de->d_type == DT_DIR)
3587                         is_dir = true;
3588                 else if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3589                         struct stat st;
3590
3591                         if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3592                                 log_error("Failed to stat %s/%s: %m", root, de->d_name);
3593
3594                                 if (r == 0)
3595                                         r = -errno;
3596                                 continue;
3597                         }
3598
3599                         is_link = S_ISLNK(st.st_mode);
3600                         is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3601                 } else
3602                         continue;
3603
3604                 if (is_dir) {
3605                         int nfd, q;
3606                         char *p;
3607
3608                         if ((nfd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW)) < 0) {
3609                                 log_error("Failed to open %s/%s: %m", root, de->d_name);
3610
3611                                 if (r == 0)
3612                                         r = -errno;
3613                                 continue;
3614                         }
3615
3616                         if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", root, de->d_name) < 0) {
3617                                 log_error("Failed to allocate directory string.");
3618                                 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3619                                 r = -ENOMEM;
3620                                 break;
3621                         }
3622
3623                         /* This will close nfd, regardless whether it succeeds or not */
3624                         q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(nfd, config_path, p, deleted);
3625                         free(p);
3626
3627                         if (r == 0)
3628                                 r = q;
3629
3630                 } else if (is_link) {
3631                         char *p, *dest, *c;
3632                         int q;
3633
3634                         if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", root, de->d_name) < 0) {
3635                                 log_error("Failed to allocate symlink string.");
3636                                 r = -ENOMEM;
3637                                 break;
3638                         }
3639
3640                         if ((q = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &dest)) < 0) {
3641                                 log_error("Cannot read symlink %s: %s", p, strerror(-q));
3642                                 free(p);
3643
3644                                 if (r == 0)
3645                                         r = q;
3646                                 continue;
3647                         }
3648
3649                         if ((c = canonicalize_file_name(dest))) {
3650                                 /* This might fail if the destination
3651                                  * is already removed */
3652
3653                                 free(dest);
3654                                 dest = c;
3655                         }
3656
3657                         path_kill_slashes(dest);
3658                         if (set_get(remove_symlinks_to, dest)) {
3659
3660                                 if (!arg_quiet)
3661                                         log_info("rm '%s'", p);
3662
3663                                 if (unlink(p) < 0) {
3664                                         log_error("Cannot unlink symlink %s: %m", p);
3665
3666                                         if (r == 0)
3667                                                 r = -errno;
3668                                 } else {
3669                                         rmdir_parents(p, config_path);
3670                                         path_kill_slashes(p);
3671
3672                                         if (!set_get(remove_symlinks_to, p)) {
3673
3674                                                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(p)) < 0) {
3675                                                         if (r == 0)
3676                                                                 r = q;
3677                                                 } else
3678                                                         *deleted = true;
3679                                         }
3680                                 }
3681                         }
3682
3683                         free(p);
3684                         free(dest);
3685                 }
3686         }
3687
3688         closedir(d);
3689
3690         return r;
3691 }
3692
3693 static int remove_marked_symlinks(const char *config_path) {
3694         int fd, r = 0;
3695         bool deleted;
3696
3697         assert(config_path);
3698
3699         if (set_size(remove_symlinks_to) <= 0)
3700                 return 0;
3701
3702         if ((fd = open(config_path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW)) < 0)
3703                 return -errno;
3704
3705         do {
3706                 int q, cfd;
3707                 deleted = false;
3708
3709                 if ((cfd = dup(fd)) < 0) {
3710                         r = -errno;
3711                         break;
3712                 }
3713
3714                 /* This takes possession of cfd and closes it */
3715                 if ((q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(cfd, config_path, config_path, &deleted)) < 0) {
3716                         if (r == 0)
3717                                 r = q;
3718                 }
3719         } while (deleted);
3720
3721         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3722
3723         return r;
3724 }
3725
3726 static int create_symlink(const char *verb, const char *old_path, const char *new_path) {
3727         int r;
3728
3729         assert(old_path);
3730         assert(new_path);
3731         assert(verb);
3732
3733         if (streq(verb, "enable")) {
3734                 char *dest;
3735
3736                 mkdir_parents(new_path, 0755);
3737
3738                 if (symlink(old_path, new_path) >= 0) {
3739
3740                         if (!arg_quiet)
3741                                 log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", old_path, new_path);
3742
3743                         return 0;
3744                 }
3745
3746                 if (errno != EEXIST) {
3747                         log_error("Cannot link %s to %s: %m", old_path, new_path);
3748                         return -errno;
3749                 }
3750
3751                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3752
3753                         if (errno == EINVAL) {
3754                                 log_error("Cannot link %s to %s, file exists already and is not a symlink.", old_path, new_path);
3755                                 return -EEXIST;
3756                         }
3757
3758                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3759                         return r;
3760                 }
3761
3762                 if (streq(dest, old_path)) {
3763                         free(dest);
3764                         return 0;
3765                 }
3766
3767                 if (!arg_force) {
3768                         log_error("Cannot link %s to %s, symlink exists already and points to %s.", old_path, new_path, dest);
3769                         free(dest);
3770                         return -EEXIST;
3771                 }
3772
3773                 free(dest);
3774                 unlink(new_path);
3775
3776                 if (!arg_quiet)
3777                         log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", old_path, new_path);
3778
3779                 if (symlink(old_path, new_path) >= 0)
3780                         return 0;
3781
3782                 log_error("Cannot link %s to %s: %m", old_path, new_path);
3783                 return -errno;
3784
3785         } else if (streq(verb, "disable")) {
3786                 char *dest;
3787
3788                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(old_path)) < 0)
3789                         return r;
3790
3791                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3792                         if (errno == ENOENT)
3793                                 return 0;
3794
3795                         if (errno == EINVAL) {
3796                                 log_warning("File %s not a symlink, ignoring.", old_path);
3797                                 return 0;
3798                         }
3799
3800                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3801                         return r;
3802                 }
3803
3804                 if (!streq(dest, old_path)) {
3805                         log_warning("File %s not a symlink to %s but points to %s, ignoring.", new_path, old_path, dest);
3806                         free(dest);
3807                         return 0;
3808                 }
3809
3810                 free(dest);
3811
3812                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(new_path)) < 0)
3813                         return r;
3814
3815                 if (!arg_quiet)
3816                         log_info("rm '%s'", new_path);
3817
3818                 if (unlink(new_path) >= 0)
3819                         return 0;
3820
3821                 log_error("Cannot unlink %s: %m", new_path);
3822                 return -errno;
3823
3824         } else if (streq(verb, "is-enabled")) {
3825                 char *dest;
3826
3827                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3828
3829                         if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EINVAL)
3830                                 return 0;
3831
3832                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3833                         return r;
3834                 }
3835
3836                 if (streq(dest, old_path)) {
3837                         free(dest);
3838                         return 1;
3839                 }
3840
3841                 return 0;
3842         }
3843
3844         assert_not_reached("Unknown action.");
3845 }
3846
3847 static int install_info_symlink_alias(const char *verb, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3848         char **s;
3849         char *alias_path = NULL;
3850         int r;
3851
3852         assert(verb);
3853         assert(i);
3854         assert(config_path);
3855
3856         STRV_FOREACH(s, i->aliases) {
3857
3858                 free(alias_path);
3859                 if (!(alias_path = path_make_absolute(*s, config_path))) {
3860                         log_error("Out of memory");
3861                         r = -ENOMEM;
3862                         goto finish;
3863                 }
3864
3865                 if ((r = create_symlink(verb, i->path, alias_path)) != 0)
3866                         goto finish;
3867
3868                 if (streq(verb, "disable"))
3869                         rmdir_parents(alias_path, config_path);
3870         }
3871         r = 0;
3872
3873 finish:
3874         free(alias_path);
3875
3876         return r;
3877 }
3878
3879 static int install_info_symlink_wants(const char *verb, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3880         char **s;
3881         char *alias_path = NULL;
3882         int r;
3883
3884         assert(verb);
3885         assert(i);
3886         assert(config_path);
3887
3888         STRV_FOREACH(s, i->wanted_by) {
3889                 if (!unit_name_is_valid_no_type(*s, true)) {
3890                         log_error("Invalid name %s.", *s);
3891                         r = -EINVAL;
3892                         goto finish;
3893                 }
3894
3895                 free(alias_path);
3896                 alias_path = NULL;
3897
3898                 if (asprintf(&alias_path, "%s/%s.wants/%s", config_path, *s, i->name) < 0) {
3899                         log_error("Out of memory");
3900                         r = -ENOMEM;
3901                         goto finish;
3902                 }
3903
3904                 if ((r = create_symlink(verb, i->path, alias_path)) != 0)
3905                         goto finish;
3906
3907                 if (streq(verb, "disable"))
3908                         rmdir_parents(alias_path, config_path);
3909         }
3910
3911         r = 0;
3912
3913 finish:
3914         free(alias_path);
3915
3916         return r;
3917 }
3918
3919 static int install_info_apply(const char *verb, LookupPaths *paths, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3920
3921         const ConfigItem items[] = {
3922                 { "Alias",    config_parse_strv, &i->aliases,   "Install" },
3923                 { "WantedBy", config_parse_strv, &i->wanted_by, "Install" },
3924                 { "Also",     config_parse_also, NULL,          "Install" },
3925
3926                 { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }
3927         };
3928
3929         char **p;
3930         char *filename = NULL;
3931         FILE *f = NULL;
3932         int r;
3933
3934         assert(paths);
3935         assert(i);
3936
3937         STRV_FOREACH(p, paths->unit_path) {
3938                 int fd;
3939
3940                 if (!(filename = path_make_absolute(i->name, *p))) {
3941                         log_error("Out of memory");
3942                         return -ENOMEM;
3943                 }
3944
3945                 /* Ensure that we don't follow symlinks */
3946                 if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOCTTY)) >= 0)
3947                         if ((f = fdopen(fd, "re")))
3948                                 break;
3949
3950                 if (errno == ELOOP) {
3951                         log_error("Refusing to operate on symlinks, please pass unit names or absolute paths to unit files.");
3952                         free(filename);
3953                         return -errno;
3954                 }
3955
3956                 if (errno != ENOENT) {
3957                         log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", filename);
3958                         free(filename);
3959                         return -errno;
3960                 }
3961
3962                 free(filename);
3963                 filename = NULL;
3964         }
3965
3966         if (!f) {
3967 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA) && defined (HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT)
3968
3969                 if (endswith(i->name, ".service")) {
3970                         char *sysv;
3971                         bool exists;
3972
3973                         if (asprintf(&sysv, SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH "/%s", i->name) < 0) {
3974                                 log_error("Out of memory");
3975                                 return -ENOMEM;
3976                         }
3977
3978                         sysv[strlen(sysv) - sizeof(".service") + 1] = 0;
3979                         exists = access(sysv, F_OK) >= 0;
3980
3981                         if (exists) {
3982                                 pid_t pid;
3983                                 siginfo_t status;
3984
3985                                 const char *argv[] = {
3986                                         "/sbin/chkconfig",
3987                                         NULL,
3988                                         NULL,
3989                                         NULL
3990                                 };
3991
3992                                 log_info("%s is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.", i->name);
3993
3994                                 argv[1] = file_name_from_path(sysv);
3995                                 argv[2] =
3996                                         streq(verb, "enable") ? "on" :
3997                                         streq(verb, "disable") ? "off" : NULL;
3998
3999                                 log_info("Executing %s %s %s", argv[0], argv[1], strempty(argv[2]));
4000
4001                                 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4002                                         log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4003                                         free(sysv);
4004                                         return -errno;
4005                                 } else if (pid == 0) {
4006                                         execv(argv[0], (char**) argv);
4007                                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4008                                 }
4009
4010                                 free(sysv);
4011
4012                                 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
4013                                         return r;
4014
4015                                 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
4016                                         if (status.si_status == 0 && (streq(verb, "enable") || streq(verb, "disable")))
4017                                                 n_symlinks ++;
4018
4019                                         return status.si_status == 0 ? 0 : -EINVAL;
4020                                 } else
4021                                         return -EPROTO;
4022                         }
4023
4024                         free(sysv);
4025                 }
4026
4027 #endif
4028
4029                 log_error("Couldn't find %s.", i->name);
4030                 return -ENOENT;
4031         }
4032
4033         i->path = filename;
4034
4035         if ((r = config_parse(filename, f, NULL, items, true, i)) < 0) {
4036                 fclose(f);
4037                 return r;
4038         }
4039
4040         n_symlinks += strv_length(i->aliases);
4041         n_symlinks += strv_length(i->wanted_by);
4042
4043         fclose(f);
4044
4045         if ((r = install_info_symlink_alias(verb, i, config_path)) != 0)
4046                 return r;
4047
4048         if ((r = install_info_symlink_wants(verb, i, config_path)) != 0)
4049                 return r;
4050
4051         if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(filename)) < 0)
4052                 return r;
4053
4054         if ((r = remove_marked_symlinks(config_path)) < 0)
4055                 return r;
4056
4057         return 0;
4058 }
4059
4060 static char *get_config_path(void) {
4061
4062         if (arg_user && arg_global)
4063                 return strdup(USER_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH);
4064
4065         if (arg_user) {
4066                 char *p;
4067
4068                 if (user_config_home(&p) < 0)
4069                         return NULL;
4070
4071                 return p;
4072         }
4073
4074         return strdup(SYSTEM_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH);
4075 }
4076
4077 static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
4078         DBusError error;
4079         int r;
4080         LookupPaths paths;
4081         char *config_path = NULL;
4082         unsigned j;
4083         InstallInfo *i;
4084         const char *verb = args[0];
4085
4086         dbus_error_init(&error);
4087
4088         zero(paths);
4089         if ((r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, arg_user ? MANAGER_USER : MANAGER_SYSTEM)) < 0) {
4090                 log_error("Failed to determine lookup paths: %s", strerror(-r));
4091                 goto finish;
4092         }
4093
4094         if (!(config_path = get_config_path())) {
4095                 log_error("Failed to determine config path");
4096                 r = -ENOMEM;
4097                 goto finish;
4098         }
4099
4100         will_install = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4101         have_installed = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4102
4103         if (!will_install || !have_installed) {
4104                 log_error("Failed to allocate unit sets.");
4105                 r = -ENOMEM;
4106                 goto finish;
4107         }
4108
4109         if (!arg_defaults && streq(verb, "disable"))
4110                 if (!(remove_symlinks_to = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
4111                         log_error("Failed to allocate symlink sets.");
4112                         r = -ENOMEM;
4113                         goto finish;
4114                 }
4115
4116         for (j = 1; j < n; j++)
4117                 if ((r = install_info_add(args[j])) < 0) {
4118                         log_warning("Cannot install unit %s: %s", args[j], strerror(-r));
4119                         goto finish;
4120                 }
4121
4122         while ((i = hashmap_first(will_install))) {
4123                 int q;
4124
4125                 assert_se(hashmap_move_one(have_installed, will_install, i->name) == 0);
4126
4127                 if ((q = install_info_apply(verb, &paths, i, config_path)) != 0) {
4128
4129                         if (q < 0) {
4130                                 if (r == 0)
4131                                         r = q;
4132                                 goto finish;
4133                         }
4134
4135                         /* In test mode and found something */
4136                         r = 1;
4137                         break;
4138                 }
4139         }
4140
4141         if (streq(verb, "is-enabled"))
4142                 r = r > 0 ? 0 : -ENOENT;
4143         else {
4144                 if (n_symlinks <= 0)
4145                         log_warning("Unit files contain no applicable installation information. Ignoring.");
4146
4147                 if (bus &&
4148                     /* Don't try to reload anything if the user asked us to not do this */
4149                     !arg_no_reload &&
4150                     /* Don't try to reload anything when updating a unit globally */
4151                     !arg_global &&
4152                     /* Don't try to reload anything if we are called for system changes but the system wasn't booted with systemd */
4153                     (arg_user || sd_booted() > 0) &&
4154                     /* Don't try to reload anything if we are running in a chroot environment */
4155                     (arg_user || running_in_chroot() <= 0) ) {
4156                         int q;
4157
4158                         if ((q = daemon_reload(bus, args, n)) < 0)
4159                                 r = q;
4160                 }
4161         }
4162
4163 finish:
4164         install_info_hashmap_free(will_install);
4165         install_info_hashmap_free(have_installed);
4166
4167         set_free_free(remove_symlinks_to);
4168
4169         lookup_paths_free(&paths);
4170
4171         free(config_path);
4172
4173         return r;
4174 }
4175
4176 static int systemctl_help(void) {
4177
4178         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
4179                "Send control commands to or query the systemd manager.\n\n"
4180                "  -h --help           Show this help\n"
4181                "     --version        Show package version\n"
4182                "  -t --type=TYPE      List only units of a particular type\n"
4183                "  -p --property=NAME  Show only properties by this name\n"
4184                "  -a --all            Show all units/properties, including dead/empty ones\n"
4185                "     --full           Don't ellipsize unit names on output\n"
4186                "     --fail           When queueing a new job, fail if conflicting jobs are\n"
4187                "                      pending\n"
4188                "  -q --quiet          Suppress output\n"
4189                "     --no-block       Do not wait until operation finished\n"
4190                "     --no-pager       Do not pipe output into a pager.\n"
4191                "     --system         Connect to system manager\n"
4192                "     --user           Connect to user service manager\n"
4193                "     --order          When generating graph for dot, show only order\n"
4194                "     --require        When generating graph for dot, show only requirement\n"
4195                "     --no-wall        Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4196                "     --global         Enable/disable unit files globally\n"
4197                "     --no-reload      When enabling/disabling unit files, don't reload daemon\n"
4198                "                      configuration\n"
4199                "     --no-ask-password\n"
4200                "                      Do not ask for system passwords\n"
4201                "     --kill-mode=MODE How to send signal\n"
4202                "     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to\n"
4203                "  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send\n"
4204                "  -f --force          When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks\n"
4205                "                      When shutting down, execute action immediately\n"
4206                "     --defaults       When disabling unit files, remove default symlinks only\n\n"
4207                "Commands:\n"
4208                "  list-units                      List units\n"
4209                "  start [NAME...]                 Start (activate) one or more units\n"
4210                "  stop [NAME...]                  Stop (deactivate) one or more units\n"
4211                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
4212                "  restart [NAME...]               Start or restart one or more units\n"
4213                "  try-restart [NAME...]           Restart one or more units if active\n"
4214                "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
4215                "                                  otherwise start or restart\n"
4216                "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
4217                "                                  otherwise restart if active\n"
4218                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
4219                "  kill [NAME...]                  Send signal to processes of a unit\n"
4220                "  is-active [NAME...]             Check whether units are active\n"
4221                "  status [NAME...|PID...]         Show runtime status of one or more units\n"
4222                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more\n"
4223                "                                  units/jobs or the manager\n"
4224                "  reset-failed [NAME...]          Reset failed state for all, one, or more\n"
4225                "                                  units\n"
4226                "  enable [NAME...]                Enable one or more unit files\n"
4227                "  disable [NAME...]               Disable one or more unit files\n"
4228                "  is-enabled [NAME...]            Check whether unit files are enabled\n"
4229                "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n"
4230                "  list-jobs                       List jobs\n"
4231                "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel all, one, or more jobs\n"
4232                "  monitor                         Monitor unit/job changes\n"
4233                "  dump                            Dump server status\n"
4234                "  dot                             Dump dependency graph for dot(1)\n"
4235                "  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot\n"
4236                "  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots\n"
4237                "  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration\n"
4238                "  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager\n"
4239                "  show-environment                Dump environment\n"
4240                "  set-environment [NAME=VALUE...] Set one or more environment variables\n"
4241                "  unset-environment [NAME...]     Unset one or more environment variables\n"
4242                "  default                         Enter system default mode\n"
4243                "  rescue                          Enter system rescue mode\n"
4244                "  emergency                       Enter system emergency mode\n"
4245                "  halt                            Shut down and halt the system\n"
4246                "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
4247                "  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system\n"
4248                "  kexec                           Shut down and reboot the system with kexec\n"
4249                "  exit                            Ask for user instance termination\n",
4250                program_invocation_short_name);
4251
4252         return 0;
4253 }
4254
4255 static int halt_help(void) {
4256
4257         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
4258                "%s the system.\n\n"
4259                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4260                "     --halt      Halt the machine\n"
4261                "  -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine\n"
4262                "     --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
4263                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4264                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
4265                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
4266                "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4267                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
4268                program_invocation_short_name,
4269                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
4270                arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "Power off" :
4271                                                "Halt");
4272
4273         return 0;
4274 }
4275
4276 static int shutdown_help(void) {
4277
4278         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [TIME] [WALL...]\n\n"
4279                "Shut down the system.\n\n"
4280                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4281                "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
4282                "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
4283                "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
4284                "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overriden by --halt\n"
4285                "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
4286                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4287                "  -c             Cancel a pending shutdown\n",
4288                program_invocation_short_name);
4289
4290         return 0;
4291 }
4292
4293 static int telinit_help(void) {
4294
4295         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}\n\n"
4296                "Send control commands to the init daemon.\n\n"
4297                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4298                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
4299                "Commands:\n"
4300                "  0              Power-off the machine\n"
4301                "  6              Reboot the machine\n"
4302                "  2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit\n"
4303                "  1, s, S        Enter rescue mode\n"
4304                "  q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration\n"
4305                "  u, U           Reexecute init daemon\n",
4306                program_invocation_short_name);
4307
4308         return 0;
4309 }
4310
4311 static int runlevel_help(void) {
4312
4313         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
4314                "Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.\n\n"
4315                "     --help      Show this help\n",
4316                program_invocation_short_name);
4317
4318         return 0;
4319 }
4320
4321 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4322
4323         enum {
4324                 ARG_FAIL = 0x100,
4325                 ARG_VERSION,
4326                 ARG_USER,
4327                 ARG_SYSTEM,
4328                 ARG_GLOBAL,
4329                 ARG_NO_BLOCK,
4330                 ARG_NO_PAGER,
4331                 ARG_NO_WALL,
4332                 ARG_ORDER,
4333                 ARG_REQUIRE,
4334                 ARG_FULL,
4335                 ARG_NO_RELOAD,
4336                 ARG_DEFAULTS,
4337                 ARG_KILL_MODE,
4338                 ARG_KILL_WHO,
4339                 ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD
4340         };
4341
4342         static const struct option options[] = {
4343                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, 'h'           },
4344                 { "version",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION   },
4345                 { "type",      required_argument, NULL, 't'           },
4346                 { "property",  required_argument, NULL, 'p'           },
4347                 { "all",       no_argument,       NULL, 'a'           },
4348                 { "full",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FULL      },
4349                 { "fail",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAIL      },
4350                 { "user",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER      },
4351                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM    },
4352                 { "global",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL    },
4353                 { "no-block",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK  },
4354                 { "no-pager",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER  },
4355                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL   },
4356                 { "quiet",     no_argument,       NULL, 'q'           },
4357                 { "order",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ORDER     },
4358                 { "require",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REQUIRE   },
4359                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'           },
4360                 { "no-reload", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD },
4361                 { "defaults",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DEFAULTS  },
4362                 { "kill-mode", required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_MODE },
4363                 { "kill-who",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_WHO  },
4364                 { "signal",    required_argument, NULL, 's'           },
4365                 { "no-ask-password", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
4366                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0             }
4367         };
4368
4369         int c;
4370
4371         assert(argc >= 0);
4372         assert(argv);
4373
4374         /* Only when running as systemctl we ask for passwords */
4375         arg_ask_password = true;
4376
4377         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aqfs:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4378
4379                 switch (c) {
4380
4381                 case 'h':
4382                         systemctl_help();
4383                         return 0;
4384
4385                 case ARG_VERSION:
4386                         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
4387                         puts(DISTRIBUTION);
4388                         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
4389                         return 0;
4390
4391                 case 't':
4392                         arg_type = optarg;
4393                         break;
4394
4395                 case 'p': {
4396                         char **l;
4397
4398                         if (!(l = strv_append(arg_property, optarg)))
4399                                 return -ENOMEM;
4400
4401                         strv_free(arg_property);
4402                         arg_property = l;
4403
4404                         /* If the user asked for a particular
4405                          * property, show it to him, even if it is
4406                          * empty. */
4407                         arg_all = true;
4408                         break;
4409                 }
4410
4411                 case 'a':
4412                         arg_all = true;
4413                         break;
4414
4415                 case ARG_FAIL:
4416                         arg_fail = true;
4417                         break;
4418
4419                 case ARG_USER:
4420                         arg_user = true;
4421                         break;
4422
4423                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
4424                         arg_user = false;
4425                         break;
4426
4427                 case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
4428                         arg_no_block = true;
4429                         break;
4430
4431                 case ARG_NO_PAGER:
4432                         arg_no_pager = true;
4433                         break;
4434
4435                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4436                         arg_no_wall = true;
4437                         break;
4438
4439                 case ARG_ORDER:
4440                         arg_dot = DOT_ORDER;
4441                         break;
4442
4443                 case ARG_REQUIRE:
4444                         arg_dot = DOT_REQUIRE;
4445                         break;
4446
4447                 case ARG_FULL:
4448                         arg_full = true;
4449                         break;
4450
4451                 case 'q':
4452                         arg_quiet = true;
4453                         break;
4454
4455                 case 'f':
4456                         arg_force = true;
4457                         break;
4458
4459                 case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
4460                         arg_no_reload = true;
4461                         break;
4462
4463                 case ARG_GLOBAL:
4464                         arg_global = true;
4465                         arg_user = true;
4466                         break;
4467
4468                 case ARG_DEFAULTS:
4469                         arg_defaults = true;
4470                         break;
4471
4472                 case ARG_KILL_WHO:
4473                         arg_kill_who = optarg;
4474                         break;
4475
4476                 case ARG_KILL_MODE:
4477                         arg_kill_mode = optarg;
4478                         break;
4479
4480                 case 's':
4481                         if ((arg_signal = signal_from_string_try_harder(optarg)) < 0) {
4482                                 log_error("Failed to parse signal string %s.", optarg);
4483                                 return -EINVAL;
4484                         }
4485                         break;
4486
4487                 case ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD:
4488                         arg_ask_password = false;
4489                         break;
4490
4491                 case '?':
4492                         return -EINVAL;
4493
4494                 default:
4495                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4496                         return -EINVAL;
4497                 }
4498         }
4499
4500         return 1;
4501 }
4502
4503 static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4504
4505         enum {
4506                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4507                 ARG_HALT,
4508                 ARG_REBOOT,
4509                 ARG_NO_WALL
4510         };
4511
4512         static const struct option options[] = {
4513                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4514                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HALT    },
4515                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'         },
4516                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REBOOT  },
4517                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
4518                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
4519                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
4520                 { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
4521                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4522                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4523         };
4524
4525         int c, runlevel;
4526
4527         assert(argc >= 0);
4528         assert(argv);
4529
4530         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
4531                 if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
4532                         arg_immediate = true;
4533
4534         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4535                 switch (c) {
4536
4537                 case ARG_HELP:
4538                         halt_help();
4539                         return 0;
4540
4541                 case ARG_HALT:
4542                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4543                         break;
4544
4545                 case 'p':
4546                         if (arg_action != ACTION_REBOOT)
4547                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4548                         break;
4549
4550                 case ARG_REBOOT:
4551                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4552                         break;
4553
4554                 case 'f':
4555                         arg_immediate = true;
4556                         break;
4557
4558                 case 'w':
4559                         arg_dry = true;
4560                         break;
4561
4562                 case 'd':
4563                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
4564                         break;
4565
4566                 case 'n':
4567                         arg_no_sync = true;
4568                         break;
4569
4570                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4571                         arg_no_wall = true;
4572                         break;
4573
4574                 case 'i':
4575                 case 'h':
4576                         /* Compatibility nops */
4577                         break;
4578
4579                 case '?':
4580                         return -EINVAL;
4581
4582                 default:
4583                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4584                         return -EINVAL;
4585                 }
4586         }
4587
4588         if (optind < argc) {
4589                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4590                 return -EINVAL;
4591         }
4592
4593         return 1;
4594 }
4595
4596 static int parse_time_spec(const char *t, usec_t *_u) {
4597         assert(t);
4598         assert(_u);
4599
4600         if (streq(t, "now"))
4601                 *_u = 0;
4602         else if (t[0] == '+') {
4603                 uint64_t u;
4604
4605                 if (safe_atou64(t + 1, &u) < 0)
4606                         return -EINVAL;
4607
4608                 *_u = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE * u;
4609         } else {
4610                 char *e = NULL;
4611                 long hour, minute;
4612                 struct tm tm;
4613                 time_t s;
4614                 usec_t n;
4615
4616                 errno = 0;
4617                 hour = strtol(t, &e, 10);
4618                 if (errno != 0 || *e != ':' || hour < 0 || hour > 23)
4619                         return -EINVAL;
4620
4621                 minute = strtol(e+1, &e, 10);
4622                 if (errno != 0 || *e != 0 || minute < 0 || minute > 59)
4623                         return -EINVAL;
4624
4625                 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
4626                 s = (time_t) (n / USEC_PER_SEC);
4627
4628                 zero(tm);
4629                 assert_se(localtime_r(&s, &tm));
4630
4631                 tm.tm_hour = (int) hour;
4632                 tm.tm_min = (int) minute;
4633                 tm.tm_sec = 0;
4634
4635                 assert_se(s = mktime(&tm));
4636
4637                 *_u = (usec_t) s * USEC_PER_SEC;
4638
4639                 while (*_u <= n)
4640                         *_u += USEC_PER_DAY;
4641         }
4642
4643         return 0;
4644 }
4645
4646 static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4647
4648         enum {
4649                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4650                 ARG_NO_WALL
4651         };
4652
4653         static const struct option options[] = {
4654                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4655                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, 'H'         },
4656                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'P'         },
4657                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'r'         },
4658                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4659                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4660         };
4661
4662         int c, r;
4663
4664         assert(argc >= 0);
4665         assert(argv);
4666
4667         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkt:afFc", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4668                 switch (c) {
4669
4670                 case ARG_HELP:
4671                         shutdown_help();
4672                         return 0;
4673
4674                 case 'H':
4675                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4676                         break;
4677
4678                 case 'P':
4679                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4680                         break;
4681
4682                 case 'r':
4683                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4684                         break;
4685
4686                 case 'h':
4687                         if (arg_action != ACTION_HALT)
4688                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4689                         break;
4690
4691                 case 'k':
4692                         arg_dry = true;
4693                         break;
4694
4695                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4696                         arg_no_wall = true;
4697                         break;
4698
4699                 case 't':
4700                 case 'a':
4701                         /* Compatibility nops */
4702                         break;
4703
4704                 case 'c':
4705                         arg_action = ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN;
4706                         break;
4707
4708                 case '?':
4709                         return -EINVAL;
4710
4711                 default:
4712                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4713                         return -EINVAL;
4714                 }
4715         }
4716
4717         if (argc > optind) {
4718                 if ((r = parse_time_spec(argv[optind], &arg_when)) < 0) {
4719                         log_error("Failed to parse time specification: %s", argv[optind]);
4720                         return r;
4721                 }
4722         } else
4723                 arg_when = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE;
4724
4725         /* We skip the time argument */
4726         if (argc > optind + 1)
4727                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
4728
4729         optind = argc;
4730
4731         return 1;
4732 }
4733
4734 static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4735
4736         enum {
4737                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4738                 ARG_NO_WALL
4739         };
4740
4741         static const struct option options[] = {
4742                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4743                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4744                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4745         };
4746
4747         static const struct {
4748                 char from;
4749                 enum action to;
4750         } table[] = {
4751                 { '0', ACTION_POWEROFF },
4752                 { '6', ACTION_REBOOT },
4753                 { '1', ACTION_RESCUE },
4754                 { '2', ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 },
4755                 { '3', ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 },
4756                 { '4', ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 },
4757                 { '5', ACTION_RUNLEVEL5 },
4758                 { 's', ACTION_RESCUE },
4759                 { 'S', ACTION_RESCUE },
4760                 { 'q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4761                 { 'Q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4762                 { 'u', ACTION_REEXEC },
4763                 { 'U', ACTION_REEXEC }
4764         };
4765
4766         unsigned i;
4767         int c;
4768
4769         assert(argc >= 0);
4770         assert(argv);
4771
4772         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4773                 switch (c) {
4774
4775                 case ARG_HELP:
4776                         telinit_help();
4777                         return 0;
4778
4779                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4780                         arg_no_wall = true;
4781                         break;
4782
4783                 case '?':
4784                         return -EINVAL;
4785
4786                 default:
4787                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4788                         return -EINVAL;
4789                 }
4790         }
4791
4792         if (optind >= argc) {
4793                 telinit_help();
4794                 return -EINVAL;
4795         }
4796
4797         if (optind + 1 < argc) {
4798                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4799                 return -EINVAL;
4800         }
4801
4802         if (strlen(argv[optind]) != 1) {
4803                 log_error("Expected single character argument.");
4804                 return -EINVAL;
4805         }
4806
4807         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
4808                 if (table[i].from == argv[optind][0])
4809                         break;
4810
4811         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
4812                 log_error("Unknown command %s.", argv[optind]);
4813                 return -EINVAL;
4814         }
4815
4816         arg_action = table[i].to;
4817
4818         optind ++;
4819
4820         return 1;
4821 }
4822
4823 static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4824
4825         enum {
4826                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4827         };
4828
4829         static const struct option options[] = {
4830                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4831                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4832         };
4833
4834         int c;
4835
4836         assert(argc >= 0);
4837         assert(argv);
4838
4839         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4840                 switch (c) {
4841
4842                 case ARG_HELP:
4843                         runlevel_help();
4844                         return 0;
4845
4846                 case '?':
4847                         return -EINVAL;
4848
4849                 default:
4850                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4851                         return -EINVAL;
4852                 }
4853         }
4854
4855         if (optind < argc) {
4856                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4857                 return -EINVAL;
4858         }
4859
4860         return 1;
4861 }
4862
4863 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4864         assert(argc >= 0);
4865         assert(argv);
4866
4867         if (program_invocation_short_name) {
4868
4869                 if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "halt")) {
4870                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4871                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4872                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "poweroff")) {
4873                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4874                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4875                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "reboot")) {
4876                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4877                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4878                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "shutdown")) {
4879                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4880                         return shutdown_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4881                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
4882
4883                         if (sd_booted() > 0) {
4884                                 arg_action = ACTION_INVALID;
4885                                 return telinit_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4886                         } else {
4887                                 /* Hmm, so some other init system is
4888                                  * running, we need to forward this
4889                                  * request to it. For now we simply
4890                                  * guess that it is Upstart. */
4891
4892                                 execv("/lib/upstart/telinit", argv);
4893
4894                                 log_error("Couldn't find an alternative telinit implementation to spawn.");
4895                                 return -EIO;
4896                         }
4897
4898                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "runlevel")) {
4899                         arg_action = ACTION_RUNLEVEL;
4900                         return runlevel_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4901                 }
4902         }
4903
4904         arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
4905         return systemctl_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4906 }
4907
4908 static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
4909
4910         static const char table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
4911                 [ACTION_HALT] =      '0',
4912                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] =  '0',
4913                 [ACTION_REBOOT] =    '6',
4914                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = '2',
4915                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = '3',
4916                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = '4',
4917                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = '5',
4918                 [ACTION_RESCUE] =    '1'
4919         };
4920
4921         assert(arg_action < _ACTION_MAX);
4922
4923         return table[arg_action];
4924 }
4925
4926 static int talk_upstart(void) {
4927         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
4928         DBusError error;
4929         int previous, rl, r;
4930         char
4931                 env1_buf[] = "RUNLEVEL=X",
4932                 env2_buf[] = "PREVLEVEL=X";
4933         char *env1 = env1_buf, *env2 = env2_buf;
4934         const char *emit = "runlevel";
4935         dbus_bool_t b_false = FALSE;
4936         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
4937         DBusConnection *bus;
4938
4939         dbus_error_init(&error);
4940
4941         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
4942                 return 0;
4943
4944         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&previous, NULL) < 0)
4945                 previous = 'N';
4946
4947         if (!(bus = dbus_connection_open_private("unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart", &error))) {
4948                 if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_SERVER)) {
4949                         r = 0;
4950                         goto finish;
4951                 }
4952
4953                 log_error("Failed to connect to Upstart bus: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
4954                 r = -EIO;
4955                 goto finish;
4956         }
4957
4958         if ((r = bus_check_peercred(bus)) < 0) {
4959                 log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
4960                 goto finish;
4961         }
4962
4963         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
4964                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart",
4965                               "/com/ubuntu/Upstart",
4966                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6",
4967                               "EmitEvent"))) {
4968
4969                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
4970                 r = -ENOMEM;
4971                 goto finish;
4972         }
4973
4974         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
4975
4976         env1_buf[sizeof(env1_buf)-2] = rl;
4977         env2_buf[sizeof(env2_buf)-2] = previous;
4978
4979         if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &emit) ||
4980             !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub) ||
4981             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env1) ||
4982             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env2) ||
4983             !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub) ||
4984             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b_false)) {
4985                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
4986                 r = -ENOMEM;
4987                 goto finish;
4988         }
4989
4990         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
4991
4992                 if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
4993                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
4994                         goto finish;
4995                 }
4996
4997                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
4998                 r = -EIO;
4999                 goto finish;
5000         }
5001
5002         r = 0;
5003
5004 finish:
5005         if (m)
5006                 dbus_message_unref(m);
5007
5008         if (reply)
5009                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
5010
5011         if (bus) {
5012                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
5013                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
5014                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
5015         }
5016
5017         dbus_error_free(&error);
5018
5019         return r;
5020 }
5021
5022 static int talk_initctl(void) {
5023         struct init_request request;
5024         int r, fd;
5025         char rl;
5026
5027         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
5028                 return 0;
5029
5030         zero(request);
5031         request.magic = INIT_MAGIC;
5032         request.sleeptime = 0;
5033         request.cmd = INIT_CMD_RUNLVL;
5034         request.runlevel = rl;
5035
5036         if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) {
5037
5038                 if (errno == ENOENT)
5039                         return 0;
5040
5041                 log_error("Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
5042                 return -errno;
5043         }
5044
5045         errno = 0;
5046         r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false) != sizeof(request);
5047         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5048
5049         if (r < 0) {
5050                 log_error("Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
5051                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
5052         }
5053
5054         return 1;
5055 }
5056
5057 static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError *error) {
5058
5059         static const struct {
5060                 const char* verb;
5061                 const enum {
5062                         MORE,
5063                         LESS,
5064                         EQUAL
5065                 } argc_cmp;
5066                 const int argc;
5067                 int (* const dispatch)(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
5068         } verbs[] = {
5069                 { "list-units",            LESS,  1, list_units        },
5070                 { "list-jobs",             EQUAL, 1, list_jobs         },
5071                 { "clear-jobs",            EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5072                 { "load",                  MORE,  2, load_unit         },
5073                 { "cancel",                MORE,  2, cancel_job        },
5074                 { "start",                 MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5075                 { "stop",                  MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5076                 { "reload",                MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5077                 { "restart",               MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5078                 { "try-restart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5079                 { "reload-or-restart",     MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5080                 { "reload-or-try-restart", MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5081                 { "force-reload",          MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with SysV */
5082                 { "condrestart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with RH */
5083                 { "isolate",               EQUAL, 2, start_unit        },
5084                 { "kill",                  MORE,  2, kill_unit         },
5085                 { "is-active",             MORE,  2, check_unit        },
5086                 { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit        },
5087                 { "show",                  MORE,  1, show              },
5088                 { "status",                MORE,  2, show              },
5089                 { "monitor",               EQUAL, 1, monitor           },
5090                 { "dump",                  EQUAL, 1, dump              },
5091                 { "dot",                   EQUAL, 1, dot               },
5092                 { "snapshot",              LESS,  2, snapshot          },
5093                 { "delete",                MORE,  2, delete_snapshot   },
5094                 { "daemon-reload",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5095                 { "daemon-reexec",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5096                 { "show-environment",      EQUAL, 1, show_enviroment   },
5097                 { "set-environment",       MORE,  2, set_environment   },
5098                 { "unset-environment",     MORE,  2, set_environment   },
5099                 { "halt",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5100                 { "poweroff",              EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5101                 { "reboot",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5102                 { "kexec",                 EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5103                 { "default",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5104                 { "rescue",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5105                 { "emergency",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5106                 { "exit",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5107                 { "reset-failed",          MORE,  1, reset_failed      },
5108                 { "enable",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
5109                 { "disable",               MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
5110                 { "is-enabled",            MORE,  2, enable_unit       }
5111         };
5112
5113         int left;
5114         unsigned i;
5115
5116         assert(argc >= 0);
5117         assert(argv);
5118         assert(error);
5119
5120         left = argc - optind;
5121
5122         if (left <= 0)
5123                 /* Special rule: no arguments means "list-units" */
5124                 i = 0;
5125         else {
5126                 if (streq(argv[optind], "help")) {
5127                         systemctl_help();
5128                         return 0;
5129                 }
5130
5131                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(verbs); i++)
5132                         if (streq(argv[optind], verbs[i].verb))
5133                                 break;
5134
5135                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
5136                         log_error("Unknown operation %s", argv[optind]);
5137                         return -EINVAL;
5138                 }
5139         }
5140
5141         switch (verbs[i].argc_cmp) {
5142
5143         case EQUAL:
5144                 if (left != verbs[i].argc) {
5145                         log_error("Invalid number of arguments.");
5146                         return -EINVAL;
5147                 }
5148
5149                 break;
5150
5151         case MORE:
5152                 if (left < verbs[i].argc) {
5153                         log_error("Too few arguments.");
5154                         return -EINVAL;
5155                 }
5156
5157                 break;
5158
5159         case LESS:
5160                 if (left > verbs[i].argc) {
5161                         log_error("Too many arguments.");
5162                         return -EINVAL;
5163                 }
5164
5165                 break;
5166
5167         default:
5168                 assert_not_reached("Unknown comparison operator.");
5169         }
5170
5171         /* Require a bus connection for all operations but
5172          * enable/disable */
5173         if (!streq(verbs[i].verb, "enable") &&
5174             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "disable") &&
5175             !bus) {
5176                 log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", error->message);
5177                 return -EIO;
5178         }
5179
5180         return verbs[i].dispatch(bus, argv + optind, left);
5181 }
5182
5183 static int send_shutdownd(usec_t t, char mode, bool warn, const char *message) {
5184         int fd = -1;
5185         struct msghdr msghdr;
5186         struct iovec iovec;
5187         union sockaddr_union sockaddr;
5188         struct shutdownd_command c;
5189
5190         zero(c);
5191         c.elapse = t;
5192         c.mode = mode;
5193         c.warn_wall = warn;
5194
5195         if (message)
5196                 strncpy(c.wall_message, message, sizeof(c.wall_message));
5197
5198         if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
5199                 return -errno;
5200
5201         zero(sockaddr);
5202         sockaddr.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
5203         sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] = 0;
5204         strncpy(sockaddr.un.sun_path+1, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/shutdownd", sizeof(sockaddr.un.sun_path)-1);
5205
5206         zero(iovec);
5207         iovec.iov_base = (char*) &c;
5208         iovec.iov_len = sizeof(c);
5209
5210         zero(msghdr);
5211         msghdr.msg_name = &sockaddr;
5212         msghdr.msg_namelen = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + sizeof("/org/freedesktop/systemd1/shutdownd") - 1;
5213
5214         msghdr.msg_iov = &iovec;
5215         msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
5216
5217         if (sendmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0) {
5218                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5219                 return -errno;
5220         }
5221
5222         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5223         return 0;
5224 }
5225
5226 static int reload_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5227
5228         if (bus) {
5229                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5230                 if (daemon_reload(bus, NULL, 0) > 0)
5231                         return 0;
5232         }
5233
5234         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
5235         assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
5236
5237         if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0) {
5238                 log_error("kill() failed: %m");
5239                 return -errno;
5240         }
5241
5242         return 0;
5243 }
5244
5245 static int start_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5246
5247         if (bus) {
5248                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5249                 if (start_unit(bus, NULL, 0) >= 0)
5250                         goto done;
5251         }
5252
5253         /* Hmm, talking to systemd via D-Bus didn't work. Then
5254          * let's try to talk to Upstart via D-Bus. */
5255         if (talk_upstart() > 0)
5256                 goto done;
5257
5258         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try
5259          * /dev/initctl */
5260         if (talk_initctl() > 0)
5261                 goto done;
5262
5263         log_error("Failed to talk to init daemon.");
5264         return -EIO;
5265
5266 done:
5267         warn_wall(arg_action);
5268         return 0;
5269 }
5270
5271 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
5272         int r;
5273
5274         if (geteuid() != 0) {
5275                 log_error("Must be root.");
5276                 return -EPERM;
5277         }
5278
5279         if (arg_when > 0) {
5280                 char *m;
5281                 char date[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
5282
5283                 m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
5284                 r = send_shutdownd(arg_when,
5285                                    arg_action == ACTION_HALT     ? 'H' :
5286                                    arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? 'P' :
5287                                                                    'r',
5288                                    !arg_no_wall,
5289                                    m);
5290                 free(m);
5291
5292                 if (r < 0)
5293                         log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, proceeding with immediate shutdown: %s", strerror(-r));
5294                 else {
5295                         log_info("Shutdown scheduled for %s, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.",
5296                                  format_timestamp(date, sizeof(date), arg_when));
5297                         return 0;
5298                 }
5299         }
5300
5301         if (!arg_dry && !arg_immediate)
5302                 return start_with_fallback(bus);
5303
5304         if (!arg_no_wtmp) {
5305                 if (sd_booted() > 0)
5306                         log_debug("Not writing utmp record, assuming that systemd-update-utmp is used.");
5307                 else if ((r = utmp_put_shutdown(0)) < 0)
5308                         log_warning("Failed to write utmp record: %s", strerror(-r));
5309         }
5310
5311         if (!arg_no_sync)
5312                 sync();
5313
5314         if (arg_dry)
5315                 return 0;
5316
5317         /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
5318          * point on... */
5319         reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
5320
5321         switch (arg_action) {
5322
5323         case ACTION_HALT:
5324                 log_info("Halting.");
5325                 reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
5326                 break;
5327
5328         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5329                 log_info("Powering off.");
5330                 reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
5331                 break;
5332
5333         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5334                 log_info("Rebooting.");
5335                 reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
5336                 break;
5337
5338         default:
5339                 assert_not_reached("Unknown halt action.");
5340         }
5341
5342         /* We should never reach this. */
5343         return -ENOSYS;
5344 }
5345
5346 static int runlevel_main(void) {
5347         int r, runlevel, previous;
5348
5349         if ((r = utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, &previous)) < 0) {
5350                 printf("unknown\n");
5351                 return r;
5352         }
5353
5354         printf("%c %c\n",
5355                previous <= 0 ? 'N' : previous,
5356                runlevel <= 0 ? 'N' : runlevel);
5357
5358         return 0;
5359 }
5360
5361 static void pager_open(void) {
5362         int fd[2];
5363         const char *pager;
5364
5365         if (pager_pid > 0)
5366                 return;
5367
5368         if (!on_tty() || arg_no_pager)
5369                 return;
5370
5371         if ((pager = getenv("PAGER")))
5372                 if (!*pager || streq(pager, "cat"))
5373                         return;
5374
5375         /* Determine and cache number of columns before we spawn the
5376          * pager so that we get the value from the actual tty */
5377         columns();
5378
5379         if (pipe(fd) < 0) {
5380                 log_error("Failed to create pager pipe: %m");
5381                 return;
5382         }
5383
5384         pager_pid = fork();
5385         if (pager_pid < 0) {
5386                 log_error("Failed to fork pager: %m");
5387                 close_pipe(fd);
5388                 return;
5389         }
5390
5391         /* In the child start the pager */
5392         if (pager_pid == 0) {
5393
5394                 dup2(fd[0], STDIN_FILENO);
5395                 close_pipe(fd);
5396
5397                 setenv("LESS", "FRSX", 0);
5398
5399                 prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM);
5400
5401                 if (pager) {
5402                         execlp(pager, pager, NULL);
5403                         execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", pager, NULL);
5404                 } else {
5405                         /* Debian's alternatives command for pagers is
5406                          * called 'pager'. Note that we do not call
5407                          * sensible-pagers here, since that is just a
5408                          * shell script that implements a logic that
5409                          * is similar to this one anyway, but is
5410                          * Debian-specific. */
5411                         execlp("pager", "pager", NULL);
5412
5413                         execlp("less", "less", NULL);
5414                         execlp("more", "more", NULL);
5415                 }
5416
5417                 log_error("Unable to execute pager: %m");
5418                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5419         }
5420
5421         /* Return in the parent */
5422         if (dup2(fd[1], STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
5423                 log_error("Failed to duplicate pager pipe: %m");
5424
5425         close_pipe(fd);
5426 }
5427
5428 static void pager_close(void) {
5429         siginfo_t dummy;
5430
5431         if (pager_pid <= 0)
5432                 return;
5433
5434         /* Inform pager that we are done */
5435         fclose(stdout);
5436         wait_for_terminate(pager_pid, &dummy);
5437         pager_pid = 0;
5438 }
5439
5440 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
5441         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
5442         DBusConnection *bus = NULL;
5443         DBusError error;
5444
5445         dbus_error_init(&error);
5446
5447         log_parse_environment();
5448         log_open();
5449
5450         if ((r = parse_argv(argc, argv)) < 0)
5451                 goto finish;
5452         else if (r == 0) {
5453                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
5454                 goto finish;
5455         }
5456
5457         /* /sbin/runlevel doesn't need to communicate via D-Bus, so
5458          * let's shortcut this */
5459         if (arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL) {
5460                 r = runlevel_main();
5461                 retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5462                 goto finish;
5463         }
5464
5465         bus_connect(arg_user ? DBUS_BUS_SESSION : DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &bus, &private_bus, &error);
5466
5467         switch (arg_action) {
5468
5469         case ACTION_SYSTEMCTL:
5470                 r = systemctl_main(bus, argc, argv, &error);
5471                 break;
5472
5473         case ACTION_HALT:
5474         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5475         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5476                 r = halt_main(bus);
5477                 break;
5478
5479         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL2:
5480         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL3:
5481         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL4:
5482         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL5:
5483         case ACTION_RESCUE:
5484         case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
5485         case ACTION_DEFAULT:
5486                 r = start_with_fallback(bus);
5487                 break;
5488
5489         case ACTION_RELOAD:
5490         case ACTION_REEXEC:
5491                 r = reload_with_fallback(bus);
5492                 break;
5493
5494         case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN:
5495                 r = send_shutdownd(0, 0, false, NULL);
5496                 break;
5497
5498         case ACTION_INVALID:
5499         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
5500         default:
5501                 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
5502         }
5503
5504         retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5505
5506 finish:
5507
5508         if (bus) {
5509                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
5510                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
5511                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
5512         }
5513
5514         dbus_error_free(&error);
5515
5516         dbus_shutdown();
5517
5518         strv_free(arg_property);
5519
5520         pager_close();
5521
5522         return retval;
5523 }