src/systemctl.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include <getopt.h>
  25 #include <stdbool.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  29 #include <termios.h>
  30 #include <unistd.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <sys/socket.h>
  33 #include <sys/stat.h>
  34 #include <stddef.h>
  35 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  36
  37 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  38
  39 #include "log.h"
  40 #include "util.h"
  41 #include "macro.h"
  42 #include "set.h"
  43 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  44 #include "special.h"
  45 #include "initreq.h"
  46 #include "strv.h"
  47 #include "dbus-common.h"
  48 #include "cgroup-show.h"
  49 #include "cgroup-util.h"
  50 #include "list.h"
  51 #include "path-lookup.h"
  52 #include "conf-parser.h"
  53 #include "sd-daemon.h"
  54 #include "shutdownd.h"
  55 #include "exit-status.h"
  56 #include "bus-errors.h"
  57 #include "build.h"
  58 #include "unit-name.h"
  59
  60 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
  61 static char **arg_property = NULL;
  62 static bool arg_all = false;
  63 static bool arg_fail = false;
  64 static bool arg_user = false;
  65 static bool arg_global = false;
  66 static bool arg_immediate = false;
  67 static bool arg_no_block = false;
  68 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
  69 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
  70 static bool arg_no_sync = false;
  71 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
  72 static bool arg_no_reload = false;
  73 static bool arg_dry = false;
  74 static bool arg_quiet = false;
  75 static bool arg_full = false;
  76 static bool arg_force = false;
  77 static bool arg_defaults = false;
  78 static bool arg_ask_password = false;
  79 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
  80 static const char *arg_kill_who = NULL;
  81 static const char *arg_kill_mode = NULL;
  82 static int arg_signal = SIGTERM;
  83 static usec_t arg_when = 0;
  84 static enum action {
  85         ACTION_INVALID,
  86         ACTION_SYSTEMCTL,
  87         ACTION_HALT,
  88         ACTION_POWEROFF,
  89         ACTION_REBOOT,
  90         ACTION_KEXEC,
  91         ACTION_EXIT,
  92         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
  93         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
  94         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
  95         ACTION_RUNLEVEL5,
  96         ACTION_RESCUE,
  97         ACTION_EMERGENCY,
  98         ACTION_DEFAULT,
  99         ACTION_RELOAD,
 100         ACTION_REEXEC,
 101         ACTION_RUNLEVEL,
 102         ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN,
 103         _ACTION_MAX
 104 } arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
 105 static enum dot {
 106         DOT_ALL,
 107         DOT_ORDER,
 108         DOT_REQUIRE
 109 } arg_dot = DOT_ALL;
 110
 111 static bool private_bus = false;
 112
 113 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
 114
 115 static bool on_tty(void) {
 116         static int t = -1;
 117
 118         if (_unlikely_(t < 0))
 119                 t = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
 120
 121         return t;
 122 }
 123
 124 static void spawn_ask_password_agent(void) {
 125         pid_t parent, child;
 126
 127         /* We check STDIN here, not STDOUT, since this is about input,
 128          * not output */
 129         if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO))
 130                 return;
 131
 132         if (!arg_ask_password)
 133                 return;
 134
 135         parent = getpid();
 136
 137         /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
 138          * we go away */
 139
 140         if ((child = fork()) < 0)
 141                 return;
 142
 143         if (child == 0) {
 144                 /* In the child */
 145
 146                 const char * const args[] = {
 147                         SYSTEMD_TTY_ASK_PASSWORD_AGENT_BINARY_PATH,
 148                         "--watch",
 149                         NULL
 150                 };
 151
 152                 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
 153                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 154
 155                 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
 156                  * to set the death signal */
 157                 if (getppid() != parent)
 158                         _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 159
 160                 execv(args[0], (char **) args);
 161                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 162         }
 163 }
 164
 165 static const char *ansi_highlight(bool b) {
 166
 167         if (!on_tty())
 168                 return "";
 169
 170         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 171 }
 172
 173 static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
 174
 175         if (!on_tty())
 176                 return "";
 177
 178         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 179 }
 180
 181 static bool error_is_no_service(const DBusError *error) {
 182         assert(error);
 183
 184         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 185                 return false;
 186
 187         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
 188                 return true;
 189
 190         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
 191                 return true;
 192
 193         return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
 194 }
 195
 196 static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
 197         assert(error);
 198
 199         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 200                 return r;
 201
 202         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) ||
 203             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_ONLY_BY_DEPENDENCY) ||
 204             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_ISOLATION) ||
 205             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_TRANSACTION_IS_DESTRUCTIVE))
 206                 return EXIT_NOPERMISSION;
 207
 208         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
 209                 return EXIT_NOTINSTALLED;
 210
 211         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_JOB_TYPE_NOT_APPLICABLE) ||
 212             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED))
 213                 return EXIT_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
 214
 215         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_LOAD_FAILED))
 216                 return EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED;
 217
 218         if (r != 0)
 219                 return r;
 220
 221         return EXIT_FAILURE;
 222 }
 223
 224 static int bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(DBusMessageIter *iter, int type, void *data, bool next) {
 225
 226         assert(iter);
 227         assert(data);
 228
 229         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) != type)
 230                 return -EIO;
 231
 232         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, data);
 233
 234         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(iter) != !next)
 235                 return -EIO;
 236
 237         return 0;
 238 }
 239
 240 static void warn_wall(enum action action) {
 241         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 242                 [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
 243                 [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
 244                 [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
 245                 [ACTION_KEXEC]     = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
 246                 [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
 247                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
 248         };
 249
 250         if (arg_no_wall)
 251                 return;
 252
 253         if (arg_wall) {
 254                 char *p;
 255
 256                 if (!(p = strv_join(arg_wall, " "))) {
 257                         log_error("Failed to join strings.");
 258                         return;
 259                 }
 260
 261                 if (*p) {
 262                         utmp_wall(p, NULL);
 263                         free(p);
 264                         return;
 265                 }
 266
 267                 free(p);
 268         }
 269
 270         if (!table[action])
 271                 return;
 272
 273         utmp_wall(table[action], NULL);
 274 }
 275
 276 struct unit_info {
 277         const char *id;
 278         const char *description;
 279         const char *load_state;
 280         const char *active_state;
 281         const char *sub_state;
 282         const char *following;
 283         const char *unit_path;
 284         uint32_t job_id;
 285         const char *job_type;
 286         const char *job_path;
 287 };
 288
 289 static int compare_unit_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
 290         const char *d1, *d2;
 291         const struct unit_info *u = a, *v = b;
 292
 293         d1 = strrchr(u->id, '.');
 294         d2 = strrchr(v->id, '.');
 295
 296         if (d1 && d2) {
 297                 int r;
 298
 299                 if ((r = strcasecmp(d1, d2)) != 0)
 300                         return r;
 301         }
 302
 303         return strcasecmp(u->id, v->id);
 304 }
 305
 306 static bool output_show_job(const struct unit_info *u) {
 307         const char *dot;
 308
 309         return (!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(u->id, '.')) &&
 310                               streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
 311                 (arg_all || !(streq(u->active_state, "inactive") || u->following[0]) || u->job_id > 0);
 312 }
 313
 314 static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
 315         unsigned active_len, sub_len, job_len, n_shown = 0;
 316         const struct unit_info *u;
 317
 318         active_len = sizeof("ACTIVE")-1;
 319         sub_len = sizeof("SUB")-1;
 320         job_len = sizeof("JOB")-1;
 321
 322         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 323                 if (!output_show_job(u))
 324                         continue;
 325
 326                 active_len = MAX(active_len, strlen(u->active_state));
 327                 sub_len = MAX(sub_len, strlen(u->sub_state));
 328                 if (u->job_id != 0)
 329                         job_len = MAX(job_len, strlen(u->job_type));
 330         }
 331
 332         if (on_tty()) {
 333                 printf("%-25s %-6s %-*s %-*s %-*s", "UNIT", "LOAD",
 334                        active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB", job_len, "JOB");
 335                 if (columns() >= 80+12 || arg_full)
 336                         printf(" %s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
 337                 else
 338                         printf("\n");
 339         }
 340
 341         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 342                 char *e;
 343                 int a = 0, b = 0;
 344                 const char *on_loaded, *off_loaded;
 345                 const char *on_active, *off_active;
 346
 347                 if (!output_show_job(u))
 348                         continue;
 349
 350                 n_shown++;
 351
 352                 if (!streq(u->load_state, "loaded") &&
 353                     !streq(u->load_state, "banned")) {
 354                         on_loaded = ansi_highlight(true);
 355                         off_loaded = ansi_highlight(false);
 356                 } else
 357                         on_loaded = off_loaded = "";
 358
 359                 if (streq(u->active_state, "failed")) {
 360                         on_active = ansi_highlight(true);
 361                         off_active = ansi_highlight(false);
 362                 } else
 363                         on_active = off_active = "";
 364
 365                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(u->id, 25, 33);
 366
 367                 printf("%-25s %s%-6s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s%n",
 368                        e ? e : u->id,
 369                        on_loaded, u->load_state, off_loaded,
 370                        on_active, active_len, u->active_state,
 371                        sub_len, u->sub_state, off_active,
 372                        &a);
 373
 374                 free(e);
 375
 376                 a -= strlen(on_loaded) + strlen(off_loaded);
 377                 a -= strlen(on_active) + strlen(off_active);
 378
 379                 if (u->job_id != 0)
 380                         printf(" %-*s", job_len, u->job_type);
 381                 else
 382                         b = 1 + job_len;
 383
 384                 if (a + b + 1 < columns()) {
 385                         if (u->job_id == 0)
 386                                 printf(" %-*s", job_len, "");
 387
 388                         if (arg_full)
 389                                 printf(" %s", u->description);
 390                         else
 391                                 printf(" %.*s", columns() - a - b - 1, u->description);
 392                 }
 393
 394                 fputs("\n", stdout);
 395         }
 396
 397         if (on_tty()) {
 398                 printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
 399                        "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
 400                        "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n"
 401                        "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n");
 402
 403                 if (arg_all)
 404                         printf("\n%u units listed.\n", n_shown);
 405                 else
 406                         printf("\n%u units listed. Pass --all to see inactive units, too.\n", n_shown);
 407         }
 408 }
 409
 410 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 411         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 412         DBusError error;
 413         int r;
 414         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 415         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
 416         struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
 417
 418         dbus_error_init(&error);
 419
 420         assert(bus);
 421
 422         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 423                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 424                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 425                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 426                               "ListUnits"))) {
 427                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 428                 return -ENOMEM;
 429         }
 430
 431         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 432                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 433                 r = -EIO;
 434                 goto finish;
 435         }
 436
 437         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 438             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 439             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 440                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 441                 r = -EIO;
 442                 goto finish;
 443         }
 444
 445         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 446
 447         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 448                 struct unit_info *u;
 449
 450                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 451                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 452                         r = -EIO;
 453                         goto finish;
 454                 }
 455
 456                 if (c >= n_units) {
 457                         struct unit_info *w;
 458
 459                         n_units = MAX(2*c, 16);
 460                         w = realloc(unit_infos, sizeof(struct unit_info) * n_units);
 461
 462                         if (!w) {
 463                                 log_error("Failed to allocate unit array.");
 464                                 r = -ENOMEM;
 465                                 goto finish;
 466                         }
 467
 468                         unit_infos = w;
 469                 }
 470
 471                 u = unit_infos+c;
 472
 473                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 474
 475                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->id, true) < 0 ||
 476                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->description, true) < 0 ||
 477                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->load_state, true) < 0 ||
 478                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->active_state, true) < 0 ||
 479                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 480                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->following, true) < 0 ||
 481                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->unit_path, true) < 0 ||
 482                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &u->job_id, true) < 0 ||
 483                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->job_type, true) < 0 ||
 484                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->job_path, false) < 0) {
 485                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 486                         r = -EIO;
 487                         goto finish;
 488                 }
 489
 490                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 491                 c++;
 492         }
 493
 494         qsort(unit_infos, c, sizeof(struct unit_info), compare_unit_info);
 495         output_units_list(unit_infos, c);
 496
 497         r = 0;
 498
 499 finish:
 500         if (m)
 501                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 502
 503         if (reply)
 504                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 505
 506         free(unit_infos);
 507
 508         dbus_error_free(&error);
 509
 510         return r;
 511 }
 512
 513 static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 514         static const char * const colors[] = {
 515                 "Requires",              "[color=\"black\"]",
 516                 "RequiresOverridable",   "[color=\"black\"]",
 517                 "Requisite",             "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 518                 "RequisiteOverridable",  "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 519                 "Wants",                 "[color=\"darkgrey\"]",
 520                 "Conflicts",             "[color=\"red\"]",
 521                 "ConflictedBy",          "[color=\"red\"]",
 522                 "After",                 "[color=\"green\"]"
 523         };
 524
 525         const char *c = NULL;
 526         unsigned i;
 527
 528         assert(name);
 529         assert(prop);
 530         assert(iter);
 531
 532         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(colors); i += 2)
 533                 if (streq(colors[i], prop)) {
 534                         c = colors[i+1];
 535                         break;
 536                 }
 537
 538         if (!c)
 539                 return 0;
 540
 541         if (arg_dot != DOT_ALL)
 542                 if ((arg_dot == DOT_ORDER) != streq(prop, "After"))
 543                         return 0;
 544
 545         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
 546
 547         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
 548
 549                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
 550                         DBusMessageIter sub;
 551
 552                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
 553
 554                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 555                                 const char *s;
 556
 557                                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
 558                                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
 559                                 printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" %s;\n", name, s, c);
 560
 561                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 562                         }
 563
 564                         return 0;
 565                 }
 566         }
 567
 568         return 0;
 569 }
 570
 571 static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
 572         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 573         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit";
 574         int r;
 575         DBusError error;
 576         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 577
 578         assert(bus);
 579         assert(path);
 580
 581         dbus_error_init(&error);
 582
 583         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 584                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 585                               path,
 586                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 587                               "GetAll"))) {
 588                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 589                 r = -ENOMEM;
 590                 goto finish;
 591         }
 592
 593         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 594                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
 595                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 596                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 597                 r = -ENOMEM;
 598                 goto finish;
 599         }
 600
 601         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 602                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 603                 r = -EIO;
 604                 goto finish;
 605         }
 606
 607         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 608             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 609             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
 610                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 611                 r = -EIO;
 612                 goto finish;
 613         }
 614
 615         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 616
 617         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 618                 const char *prop;
 619
 620                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
 621                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 622                         r = -EIO;
 623                         goto finish;
 624                 }
 625
 626                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 627
 628                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop, true) < 0) {
 629                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 630                         r = -EIO;
 631                         goto finish;
 632                 }
 633
 634                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
 635                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 636                         r = -EIO;
 637                         goto finish;
 638                 }
 639
 640                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
 641
 642                 if (dot_one_property(name, prop, &sub3)) {
 643                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 644                         r = -EIO;
 645                         goto finish;
 646                 }
 647
 648                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 649         }
 650
 651         r = 0;
 652
 653 finish:
 654         if (m)
 655                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 656
 657         if (reply)
 658                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 659
 660         dbus_error_free(&error);
 661
 662         return r;
 663 }
 664
 665 static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 666         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 667         DBusError error;
 668         int r;
 669         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 670
 671         dbus_error_init(&error);
 672
 673         assert(bus);
 674
 675         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 676                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 677                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 678                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 679                               "ListUnits"))) {
 680                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 681                 return -ENOMEM;
 682         }
 683
 684         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 685                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 686                 r = -EIO;
 687                 goto finish;
 688         }
 689
 690         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 691             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 692             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 693                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 694                 r = -EIO;
 695                 goto finish;
 696         }
 697
 698         printf("digraph systemd {\n");
 699
 700         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 701         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 702                 const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *following, *unit_path;
 703
 704                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 705                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 706                         r = -EIO;
 707                         goto finish;
 708                 }
 709
 710                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 711
 712                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
 713                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
 714                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
 715                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
 716                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 717                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &following, true) < 0 ||
 718                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, true) < 0) {
 719                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 720                         r = -EIO;
 721                         goto finish;
 722                 }
 723
 724                 if ((r = dot_one(bus, id, unit_path)) < 0)
 725                         goto finish;
 726
 727                 /* printf("\t\"%s\";\n", id); */
 728                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 729         }
 730
 731         printf("}\n");
 732
 733         log_info("   Color legend: black     = Requires\n"
 734                  "                 dark blue = Requisite\n"
 735                  "                 dark grey = Wants\n"
 736                  "                 red       = Conflicts\n"
 737                  "                 green     = After\n");
 738
 739         if (isatty(fileno(stdout)))
 740                 log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
 741                            "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");
 742
 743         r = 0;
 744
 745 finish:
 746         if (m)
 747                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 748
 749         if (reply)
 750                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 751
 752         dbus_error_free(&error);
 753
 754         return r;
 755 }
 756
 757 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 758         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 759         DBusError error;
 760         int r;
 761         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 762         unsigned k = 0;
 763
 764         dbus_error_init(&error);
 765
 766         assert(bus);
 767
 768         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 769                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 770                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 771                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 772                               "ListJobs"))) {
 773                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 774                 return -ENOMEM;
 775         }
 776
 777         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 778                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 779                 r = -EIO;
 780                 goto finish;
 781         }
 782
 783         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 784             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 785             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 786                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 787                 r = -EIO;
 788                 goto finish;
 789         }
 790
 791         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 792
 793         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
 794                 printf("%4s %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", "JOB", "UNIT", "TYPE", "STATE");
 795
 796         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 797                 const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
 798                 uint32_t id;
 799                 char *e;
 800
 801                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 802                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 803                         r = -EIO;
 804                         goto finish;
 805                 }
 806
 807                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 808
 809                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id, true) < 0 ||
 810                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0 ||
 811                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) < 0 ||
 812                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, true) < 0 ||
 813                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, true) < 0 ||
 814                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, false) < 0) {
 815                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 816                         r = -EIO;
 817                         goto finish;
 818                 }
 819
 820                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(name, 25, 33);
 821                 printf("%4u %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", id, e ? e : name, type, state);
 822                 free(e);
 823
 824                 k++;
 825
 826                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 827         }
 828
 829         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
 830                 printf("\n%u jobs listed.\n", k);
 831
 832         r = 0;
 833
 834 finish:
 835         if (m)
 836                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 837
 838         if (reply)
 839                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 840
 841         dbus_error_free(&error);
 842
 843         return r;
 844 }
 845
 846 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 847         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 848         DBusError error;
 849         int r;
 850         unsigned i;
 851
 852         dbus_error_init(&error);
 853
 854         assert(bus);
 855         assert(args);
 856
 857         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 858
 859                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 860                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 861                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 862                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 863                                       "LoadUnit"))) {
 864                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 865                         r = -ENOMEM;
 866                         goto finish;
 867                 }
 868
 869                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 870                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
 871                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 872                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 873                         r = -ENOMEM;
 874                         goto finish;
 875                 }
 876
 877                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 878                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 879                         r = -EIO;
 880                         goto finish;
 881                 }
 882
 883                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 884                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 885
 886                 m = reply = NULL;
 887         }
 888
 889         r = 0;
 890
 891 finish:
 892         if (m)
 893                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 894
 895         if (reply)
 896                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 897
 898         dbus_error_free(&error);
 899
 900         return r;
 901 }
 902
 903 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 904         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 905         DBusError error;
 906         int r;
 907         unsigned i;
 908
 909         dbus_error_init(&error);
 910
 911         assert(bus);
 912         assert(args);
 913
 914         if (n <= 1)
 915                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
 916
 917         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 918                 unsigned id;
 919                 const char *path;
 920
 921                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 922                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 923                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 924                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 925                                       "GetJob"))) {
 926                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 927                         r = -ENOMEM;
 928                         goto finish;
 929                 }
 930
 931                 if ((r = safe_atou(args[i], &id)) < 0) {
 932                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
 933                         goto finish;
 934                 }
 935
 936                 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
 937                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 938                                               DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 939                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 940                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 941                         r = -ENOMEM;
 942                         goto finish;
 943                 }
 944
 945                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 946                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 947                         r = -EIO;
 948                         goto finish;
 949                 }
 950
 951                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 952                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 953                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 954                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 955                         r = -EIO;
 956                         goto finish;
 957                 }
 958
 959                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 960                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 961                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 962                                       path,
 963                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
 964                                       "Cancel"))) {
 965                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 966                         r = -ENOMEM;
 967                         goto finish;
 968                 }
 969
 970                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 971                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 972                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 973                         r = -EIO;
 974                         goto finish;
 975                 }
 976
 977                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 978                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 979                 m = reply = NULL;
 980         }
 981
 982         r = 0;
 983
 984 finish:
 985         if (m)
 986                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 987
 988         if (reply)
 989                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 990
 991         dbus_error_free(&error);
 992
 993         return r;
 994 }
 995
 996 static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
 997         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 998         dbus_bool_t b = FALSE;
 999         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1000         const char
1001                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1002                 *property = "NeedDaemonReload",
1003                 *path;
1004
1005         /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a warning only */
1006
1007         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1008                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1009                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1010                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1011                               "GetUnit")))
1012                 goto finish;
1013
1014         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1015                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
1016                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1017                 goto finish;
1018
1019         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
1020                 goto finish;
1021
1022         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
1023                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1024                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1025                 goto finish;
1026
1027         dbus_message_unref(m);
1028         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1029                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1030                               path,
1031                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1032                               "Get")))
1033                 goto finish;
1034
1035         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1036                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1037                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1038                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1039                 goto finish;
1040         }
1041
1042         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1043         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
1044                 goto finish;
1045
1046         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1047             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
1048                 goto finish;
1049
1050         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1051
1052         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN)
1053                 goto finish;
1054
1055         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &b);
1056
1057 finish:
1058         if (m)
1059                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1060
1061         if (reply)
1062                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1063
1064         return b;
1065 }
1066
1067 typedef struct WaitData {
1068         Set *set;
1069         bool failed;
1070 } WaitData;
1071
1072 static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
1073         DBusError error;
1074         WaitData *d = data;
1075
1076         assert(connection);
1077         assert(message);
1078         assert(d);
1079
1080         dbus_error_init(&error);
1081
1082         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
1083                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
1084                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
1085                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
1086
1087         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
1088                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
1089                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
1090
1091         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
1092                 uint32_t id;
1093                 const char *path;
1094                 dbus_bool_t success = true;
1095
1096                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1097                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1098                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1099                                            DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
1100                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1101                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1102                 else {
1103                         char *p;
1104
1105                         if ((p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path)))
1106                                 free(p);
1107
1108                         if (!success)
1109                                 d->failed = true;
1110                 }
1111         }
1112
1113         dbus_error_free(&error);
1114         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
1115 }
1116
1117 static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
1118         DBusError error;
1119
1120         assert(bus);
1121
1122         if (private_bus)
1123                 return 0;
1124
1125         dbus_error_init(&error);
1126         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1127                            "type='signal',"
1128                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1129                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
1130                            "member='JobRemoved',"
1131                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
1132                            &error);
1133
1134         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1135                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1136                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1137                 return -EIO;
1138         }
1139
1140         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the match registrations. */
1141         return 0;
1142 }
1143
1144 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
1145         int r;
1146         WaitData d;
1147
1148         assert(bus);
1149         assert(s);
1150
1151         zero(d);
1152         d.set = s;
1153         d.failed = false;
1154
1155         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
1156                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
1157                 r = -ENOMEM;
1158                 goto finish;
1159         }
1160
1161         while (!set_isempty(s) &&
1162                dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
1163                 ;
1164
1165         if (!arg_quiet && d.failed)
1166                 log_error("Job failed. See system logs and 'systemctl status' for details.");
1167
1168         r = d.failed ? -EIO : 0;
1169
1170 finish:
1171         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
1172
1173         return r;
1174 }
1175
1176 static int start_unit_one(
1177                 DBusConnection *bus,
1178                 const char *method,
1179                 const char *name,
1180                 const char *mode,
1181                 DBusError *error,
1182                 Set *s) {
1183
1184         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1185         const char *path;
1186         int r;
1187
1188         assert(bus);
1189         assert(method);
1190         assert(name);
1191         assert(mode);
1192         assert(error);
1193         assert(arg_no_block || s);
1194
1195         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1196                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1197                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1198                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1199                               method))) {
1200                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1201                 r = -ENOMEM;
1202                 goto finish;
1203         }
1204
1205         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1206                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
1207                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
1208                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1209                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1210                 r = -ENOMEM;
1211                 goto finish;
1212         }
1213
1214         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, error))) {
1215
1216                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(error)) {
1217                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
1218                          * legacy actions. */
1219                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
1220                         goto finish;
1221                 }
1222
1223                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1224                 r = -EIO;
1225                 goto finish;
1226         }
1227
1228         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, error,
1229                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1230                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1231                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1232                 r = -EIO;
1233                 goto finish;
1234         }
1235
1236         if (need_daemon_reload(bus, name))
1237                 log_warning("Unit file of created job changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
1238                             arg_user ? "--user" : "--system");
1239
1240         if (!arg_no_block) {
1241                 char *p;
1242
1243                 if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1244                         log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
1245                         r = -ENOMEM;
1246                         goto finish;
1247                 }
1248
1249                 if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
1250                         free(p);
1251                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
1252                         goto finish;
1253                 }
1254         }
1255
1256         r = 0;
1257
1258 finish:
1259         if (m)
1260                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1261
1262         if (reply)
1263                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1264
1265         return r;
1266 }
1267
1268 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
1269         if (streq(verb, "halt"))
1270                 return ACTION_HALT;
1271         else if (streq(verb, "poweroff"))
1272                 return ACTION_POWEROFF;
1273         else if (streq(verb, "reboot"))
1274                 return ACTION_REBOOT;
1275         else if (streq(verb, "kexec"))
1276                 return ACTION_KEXEC;
1277         else if (streq(verb, "rescue"))
1278                 return ACTION_RESCUE;
1279         else if (streq(verb, "emergency"))
1280                 return ACTION_EMERGENCY;
1281         else if (streq(verb, "default"))
1282                 return ACTION_DEFAULT;
1283         else if (streq(verb, "exit"))
1284                 return ACTION_EXIT;
1285         else
1286                 return ACTION_INVALID;
1287 }
1288
1289 static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1290
1291         static const char * const table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
1292                 [ACTION_HALT] = SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,
1293                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] = SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,
1294                 [ACTION_REBOOT] = SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,
1295                 [ACTION_KEXEC] = SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET,
1296                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
1297                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
1298                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
1299                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
1300                 [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
1301                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
1302                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,
1303                 [ACTION_EXIT] = SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET
1304         };
1305
1306         int r, ret = 0;
1307         unsigned i;
1308         const char *method, *mode, *one_name;
1309         Set *s = NULL;
1310         DBusError error;
1311
1312         dbus_error_init(&error);
1313
1314         assert(bus);
1315
1316         spawn_ask_password_agent();
1317
1318         if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
1319                 method =
1320                         streq(args[0], "stop")                  ? "StopUnit" :
1321                         streq(args[0], "reload")                ? "ReloadUnit" :
1322                         streq(args[0], "restart")               ? "RestartUnit" :
1323                         streq(args[0], "try-restart")           ||
1324                         streq(args[0], "condrestart")           ? "TryRestartUnit" :
1325                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-restart")     ? "ReloadOrRestartUnit" :
1326                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-try-restart") ||
1327                         streq(args[0], "force-reload")          ? "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" :
1328                                                                   "StartUnit";
1329
1330                 mode =
1331                         (streq(args[0], "isolate") ||
1332                          streq(args[0], "rescue")  ||
1333                          streq(args[0], "emergency")) ? "isolate" :
1334                                              arg_fail ? "fail" :
1335                                                         "replace";
1336
1337                 one_name = table[verb_to_action(args[0])];
1338
1339         } else {
1340                 assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(table));
1341                 assert(table[arg_action]);
1342
1343                 method = "StartUnit";
1344
1345                 mode = (arg_action == ACTION_EMERGENCY ||
1346                         arg_action == ACTION_RESCUE ||
1347                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 ||
1348                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 ||
1349                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 ||
1350                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL5) ? "isolate" : "replace";
1351
1352                 one_name = table[arg_action];
1353         }
1354
1355         if (!arg_no_block) {
1356                 if ((ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
1357                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-ret));
1358                         goto finish;
1359                 }
1360
1361                 if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
1362                         log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
1363                         ret = -ENOMEM;
1364                         goto finish;
1365                 }
1366         }
1367
1368         if (one_name) {
1369                 if ((ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s)) <= 0)
1370                         goto finish;
1371         } else {
1372                 for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
1373                         if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, args[i], mode, &error, s)) != 0) {
1374                                 ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(r, &error);
1375                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1376                         }
1377         }
1378
1379         if (!arg_no_block)
1380                 if ((r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s)) < 0) {
1381                         ret = r;
1382                         goto finish;
1383                 }
1384
1385 finish:
1386         if (s)
1387                 set_free_free(s);
1388
1389         dbus_error_free(&error);
1390
1391         return ret;
1392 }
1393
1394 static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1395         int r;
1396
1397         assert(bus);
1398         assert(args);
1399
1400         if (arg_force &&
1401             (streq(args[0], "halt") ||
1402              streq(args[0], "poweroff") ||
1403              streq(args[0], "reboot") ||
1404              streq(args[0], "kexec") ||
1405              streq(args[0], "exit")))
1406                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
1407
1408         r = start_unit(bus, args, n);
1409
1410         if (r >= 0)
1411                 warn_wall(verb_to_action(args[0]));
1412
1413         return r;
1414 }
1415
1416 static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1417         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1418         const char
1419                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1420                 *property = "ActiveState";
1421         int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
1422         DBusError error;
1423         unsigned i;
1424
1425         assert(bus);
1426         assert(args);
1427
1428         dbus_error_init(&error);
1429
1430         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1431                 const char *path = NULL;
1432                 const char *state;
1433                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1434
1435                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1436                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1437                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1438                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1439                                       "GetUnit"))) {
1440                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1441                         r = -ENOMEM;
1442                         goto finish;
1443                 }
1444
1445                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1446                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1447                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1448                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1449                         r = -ENOMEM;
1450                         goto finish;
1451                 }
1452
1453                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1454
1455                         /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
1456                         if (!arg_quiet)
1457                                 puts("unknown");
1458
1459                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1460                         dbus_message_unref(m);
1461                         continue;
1462                 }
1463
1464                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1465                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1466                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1467                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1468                         r = -EIO;
1469                         goto finish;
1470                 }
1471
1472                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1473                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1474                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1475                                       path,
1476                                       "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1477                                       "Get"))) {
1478                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1479                         r = -ENOMEM;
1480                         goto finish;
1481                 }
1482
1483                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1484                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1485                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1486                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1487                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1488                         r = -ENOMEM;
1489                         goto finish;
1490                 }
1491
1492                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1493                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1494                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1495                         r = -EIO;
1496                         goto finish;
1497                 }
1498
1499                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1500                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1501                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1502                         r = -EIO;
1503                         goto finish;
1504                 }
1505
1506                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1507
1508                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1509                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1510                         r = -EIO;
1511                         goto finish;
1512                 }
1513
1514                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
1515
1516                 if (!arg_quiet)
1517                         puts(state);
1518
1519                 if (streq(state, "active") || streq(state, "reloading"))
1520                         r = 0;
1521
1522                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1523                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1524                 m = reply = NULL;
1525         }
1526
1527 finish:
1528         if (m)
1529                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1530
1531         if (reply)
1532                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1533
1534         dbus_error_free(&error);
1535
1536         return r;
1537 }
1538
1539 static int kill_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1540         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1541         int r = 0;
1542         DBusError error;
1543         unsigned i;
1544
1545         assert(bus);
1546         assert(args);
1547
1548         dbus_error_init(&error);
1549
1550         if (!arg_kill_who)
1551                 arg_kill_who = "all";
1552
1553         if (!arg_kill_mode)
1554                 arg_kill_mode = streq(arg_kill_who, "all") ? "control-group" : "process";
1555
1556         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1557
1558                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1559                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1560                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1561                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1562                                       "KillUnit"))) {
1563                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1564                         r = -ENOMEM;
1565                         goto finish;
1566                 }
1567
1568                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1569                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1570                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
1571                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_mode,
1572                                               DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
1573                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1574                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1575                         r = -ENOMEM;
1576                         goto finish;
1577                 }
1578
1579                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1580                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1581                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1582                         r = -EIO;
1583                 }
1584
1585                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1586
1587                 if (reply)
1588                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1589                 m = reply = NULL;
1590         }
1591
1592 finish:
1593         if (m)
1594                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1595
1596         if (reply)
1597                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1598
1599         dbus_error_free(&error);
1600
1601         return r;
1602 }
1603
1604 typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
1605         char *path;
1606         char **argv;
1607
1608         bool ignore;
1609
1610         usec_t start_timestamp;
1611         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1612         pid_t pid;
1613         int code;
1614         int status;
1615
1616         LIST_FIELDS(struct ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1617 } ExecStatusInfo;
1618
1619 static void exec_status_info_free(ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1620         assert(i);
1621
1622         free(i->path);
1623         strv_free(i->argv);
1624         free(i);
1625 }
1626
1627 static int exec_status_info_deserialize(DBusMessageIter *sub, ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1628         uint64_t start_timestamp, exit_timestamp;
1629         DBusMessageIter sub2, sub3;
1630         const char*path;
1631         unsigned n;
1632         uint32_t pid;
1633         int32_t code, status;
1634         dbus_bool_t ignore;
1635
1636         assert(i);
1637         assert(i);
1638
1639         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
1640                 return -EIO;
1641
1642         dbus_message_iter_recurse(sub, &sub2);
1643
1644         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, true) < 0)
1645                 return -EIO;
1646
1647         if (!(i->path = strdup(path)))
1648                 return -ENOMEM;
1649
1650         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1651             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
1652                 return -EIO;
1653
1654         n = 0;
1655         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1656         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1657                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1658                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1659                 n++;
1660         }
1661
1662
1663         if (!(i->argv = new0(char*, n+1)))
1664                 return -ENOMEM;
1665
1666         n = 0;
1667         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1668         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1669                 const char *s;
1670
1671                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1672                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub3, &s);
1673                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1674
1675                 if (!(i->argv[n++] = strdup(s)))
1676                         return -ENOMEM;
1677         }
1678
1679         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2) ||
1680             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &ignore, true) < 0 ||
1681             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &start_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1682             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &exit_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1683             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid, true) < 0 ||
1684             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &code, true) < 0 ||
1685             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &status, false) < 0)
1686                 return -EIO;
1687
1688         i->ignore = ignore;
1689         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) start_timestamp;
1690         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) exit_timestamp;
1691         i->pid = (pid_t) pid;
1692         i->code = code;
1693         i->status = status;
1694
1695         return 0;
1696 }
1697
1698 typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
1699         const char *id;
1700         const char *load_state;
1701         const char *active_state;
1702         const char *sub_state;
1703
1704         const char *description;
1705         const char *following;
1706
1707         const char *path;
1708         const char *default_control_group;
1709
1710         usec_t inactive_exit_timestamp;
1711         usec_t active_enter_timestamp;
1712         usec_t active_exit_timestamp;
1713         usec_t inactive_enter_timestamp;
1714
1715         bool need_daemon_reload;
1716
1717         /* Service */
1718         pid_t main_pid;
1719         pid_t control_pid;
1720         const char *status_text;
1721         bool running:1;
1722 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1723         bool is_sysv:1;
1724 #endif
1725
1726         usec_t start_timestamp;
1727         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1728
1729         int exit_code, exit_status;
1730
1731         /* Socket */
1732         unsigned n_accepted;
1733         unsigned n_connections;
1734         bool accept;
1735
1736         /* Device */
1737         const char *sysfs_path;
1738
1739         /* Mount, Automount */
1740         const char *where;
1741
1742         /* Swap */
1743         const char *what;
1744
1745         LIST_HEAD(ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1746 } UnitStatusInfo;
1747
1748 static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
1749         ExecStatusInfo *p;
1750         const char *on, *off, *ss;
1751         usec_t timestamp;
1752         char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_PRETTY_MAX], *s1;
1753         char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
1754
1755         assert(i);
1756
1757         /* This shows pretty information about a unit. See
1758          * print_property() for a low-level property printer */
1759
1760         printf("%s", strna(i->id));
1761
1762         if (i->description && !streq_ptr(i->id, i->description))
1763                 printf(" - %s", i->description);
1764
1765         printf("\n");
1766
1767         if (i->following)
1768                 printf("\t  Follow: unit currently follows state of %s\n", i->following);
1769
1770         if (streq_ptr(i->load_state, "failed") ||
1771             streq_ptr(i->load_state, "banned")) {
1772                 on = ansi_highlight(true);
1773                 off = ansi_highlight(false);
1774         } else
1775                 on = off = "";
1776
1777         if (i->path)
1778                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->path);
1779         else
1780                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off);
1781
1782         ss = streq_ptr(i->active_state, i->sub_state) ? NULL : i->sub_state;
1783
1784         if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed")) {
1785                 on = ansi_highlight(true);
1786                 off = ansi_highlight(false);
1787         } else if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active") || streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading")) {
1788                 on = ansi_highlight_green(true);
1789                 off = ansi_highlight_green(false);
1790         } else
1791                 on = off = "";
1792
1793         if (ss)
1794                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s (%s)%s",
1795                        on,
1796                        strna(i->active_state),
1797                        ss,
1798                        off);
1799         else
1800                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s%s",
1801                        on,
1802                        strna(i->active_state),
1803                        off);
1804
1805         timestamp = (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active")      ||
1806                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading"))   ? i->active_enter_timestamp :
1807                     (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "inactive")    ||
1808                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed"))      ? i->inactive_enter_timestamp :
1809                     streq_ptr(i->active_state, "activating")    ? i->inactive_exit_timestamp :
1810                                                                   i->active_exit_timestamp;
1811
1812         s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
1813         s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), timestamp);
1814
1815         if (s1)
1816                 printf(" since %s; %s\n", s2, s1);
1817         else if (s2)
1818                 printf(" since %s\n", s2);
1819         else
1820                 printf("\n");
1821
1822         if (i->sysfs_path)
1823                 printf("\t  Device: %s\n", i->sysfs_path);
1824         if (i->where)
1825                 printf("\t   Where: %s\n", i->where);
1826         if (i->what)
1827                 printf("\t    What: %s\n", i->what);
1828
1829         if (i->accept)
1830                 printf("\tAccepted: %u; Connected: %u\n", i->n_accepted, i->n_connections);
1831
1832         LIST_FOREACH(exec, p, i->exec) {
1833                 char *t;
1834
1835                 /* Only show exited processes here */
1836                 if (p->code == 0)
1837                         continue;
1838
1839                 t = strv_join(p->argv, " ");
1840                 printf("\t Process: %u (%s, code=%s, ", p->pid, strna(t), sigchld_code_to_string(p->code));
1841                 free(t);
1842
1843                 if (p->code == CLD_EXITED) {
1844                         const char *c;
1845
1846                         printf("status=%i", p->status);
1847
1848 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1849                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1850 #else
1851                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1852 #endif
1853                                 printf("/%s", c);
1854
1855                 } else
1856                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(p->status));
1857                 printf(")\n");
1858
1859                 if (i->main_pid == p->pid &&
1860                     i->start_timestamp == p->start_timestamp &&
1861                     i->exit_timestamp == p->start_timestamp)
1862                         /* Let's not show this twice */
1863                         i->main_pid = 0;
1864
1865                 if (p->pid == i->control_pid)
1866                         i->control_pid = 0;
1867         }
1868
1869         if (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0) {
1870                 printf("\t");
1871
1872                 if (i->main_pid > 0) {
1873                         printf("Main PID: %u", (unsigned) i->main_pid);
1874
1875                         if (i->running) {
1876                                 char *t = NULL;
1877                                 get_process_name(i->main_pid, &t);
1878                                 if (t) {
1879                                         printf(" (%s)", t);
1880                                         free(t);
1881                                 }
1882                         } else if (i->exit_code > 0) {
1883                                 printf(" (code=%s, ", sigchld_code_to_string(i->exit_code));
1884
1885                                 if (i->exit_code == CLD_EXITED) {
1886                                         const char *c;
1887
1888                                         printf("status=%i", i->exit_status);
1889
1890 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1891                                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1892 #else
1893                                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1894 #endif
1895                                                 printf("/%s", c);
1896
1897                                 } else
1898                                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(i->exit_status));
1899                                 printf(")");
1900                         }
1901                 }
1902
1903                 if (i->main_pid > 0 && i->control_pid > 0)
1904                         printf(";");
1905
1906                 if (i->control_pid > 0) {
1907                         char *t = NULL;
1908
1909                         printf(" Control: %u", (unsigned) i->control_pid);
1910
1911                         get_process_name(i->control_pid, &t);
1912                         if (t) {
1913                                 printf(" (%s)", t);
1914                                 free(t);
1915                         }
1916                 }
1917
1918                 printf("\n");
1919         }
1920
1921         if (i->status_text)
1922                 printf("\t  Status: \"%s\"\n", i->status_text);
1923
1924         if (i->default_control_group) {
1925                 unsigned c;
1926
1927                 printf("\t  CGroup: %s\n", i->default_control_group);
1928
1929                 if ((c = columns()) > 18)
1930                         c -= 18;
1931                 else
1932                         c = 0;
1933
1934                 show_cgroup_by_path(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c);
1935         }
1936
1937         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
1938                 printf("\n%sWarning:%s Unit file changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.\n",
1939                        ansi_highlight(true),
1940                        ansi_highlight(false),
1941                        arg_user ? "--user" : "--system");
1942 }
1943
1944 static int status_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter, UnitStatusInfo *i) {
1945
1946         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
1947
1948         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
1949                 const char *s;
1950
1951                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
1952
1953                 if (s[0]) {
1954                         if (streq(name, "Id"))
1955                                 i->id = s;
1956                         else if (streq(name, "LoadState"))
1957                                 i->load_state = s;
1958                         else if (streq(name, "ActiveState"))
1959                                 i->active_state = s;
1960                         else if (streq(name, "SubState"))
1961                                 i->sub_state = s;
1962                         else if (streq(name, "Description"))
1963                                 i->description = s;
1964                         else if (streq(name, "FragmentPath"))
1965                                 i->path = s;
1966 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1967                         else if (streq(name, "SysVPath")) {
1968                                 i->is_sysv = true;
1969                                 i->path = s;
1970                         }
1971 #endif
1972                         else if (streq(name, "DefaultControlGroup"))
1973                                 i->default_control_group = s;
1974                         else if (streq(name, "StatusText"))
1975                                 i->status_text = s;
1976                         else if (streq(name, "SysFSPath"))
1977                                 i->sysfs_path = s;
1978                         else if (streq(name, "Where"))
1979                                 i->where = s;
1980                         else if (streq(name, "What"))
1981                                 i->what = s;
1982                         else if (streq(name, "Following"))
1983                                 i->following = s;
1984                 }
1985
1986                 break;
1987         }
1988
1989         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
1990                 dbus_bool_t b;
1991
1992                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
1993
1994                 if (streq(name, "Accept"))
1995                         i->accept = b;
1996                 else if (streq(name, "NeedDaemonReload"))
1997                         i->need_daemon_reload = b;
1998
1999                 break;
2000         }
2001
2002         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
2003                 uint32_t u;
2004
2005                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2006
2007                 if (streq(name, "MainPID")) {
2008                         if (u > 0) {
2009                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2010                                 i->running = true;
2011                         }
2012                 } else if (streq(name, "ControlPID"))
2013                         i->control_pid = (pid_t) u;
2014                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainPID")) {
2015                         if (u > 0)
2016                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2017                 } else if (streq(name, "NAccepted"))
2018                         i->n_accepted = u;
2019                 else if (streq(name, "NConnections"))
2020                         i->n_connections = u;
2021
2022                 break;
2023         }
2024
2025         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
2026                 int32_t j;
2027
2028                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &j);
2029
2030                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainCode"))
2031                         i->exit_code = (int) j;
2032                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainStatus"))
2033                         i->exit_status = (int) j;
2034
2035                 break;
2036         }
2037
2038         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
2039                 uint64_t u;
2040
2041                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2042
2043                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainStartTimestamp"))
2044                         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2045                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainExitTimestamp"))
2046                         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2047                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveEnterTimestamp"))
2048                         i->active_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2049                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveEnterTimestamp"))
2050                         i->inactive_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2051                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveExitTimestamp"))
2052                         i->inactive_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2053                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveExitTimestamp"))
2054                         i->active_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2055
2056                 break;
2057         }
2058
2059         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
2060
2061                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT &&
2062                     startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2063                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2064
2065                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2066                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2067                                 ExecStatusInfo *info;
2068                                 int r;
2069
2070                                 if (!(info = new0(ExecStatusInfo, 1)))
2071                                         return -ENOMEM;
2072
2073                                 if ((r = exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, info)) < 0) {
2074                                         free(info);
2075                                         return r;
2076                                 }
2077
2078                                 LIST_PREPEND(ExecStatusInfo, exec, i->exec, info);
2079
2080                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2081                         }
2082                 }
2083
2084                 break;
2085         }
2086         }
2087
2088         return 0;
2089 }
2090
2091 static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
2092         assert(name);
2093         assert(iter);
2094
2095         /* This is a low-level property printer, see
2096          * print_status_info() for the nicer output */
2097
2098         if (arg_property && !strv_find(arg_property, name))
2099                 return 0;
2100
2101         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
2102
2103         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
2104                 const char *s;
2105                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
2106
2107                 if (arg_all || s[0])
2108                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
2109
2110                 return 0;
2111         }
2112
2113         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
2114                 dbus_bool_t b;
2115                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
2116                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, yes_no(b));
2117
2118                 return 0;
2119         }
2120
2121         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
2122                 uint64_t u;
2123                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2124
2125                 /* Yes, heuristics! But we can change this check
2126                  * should it turn out to not be sufficient */
2127
2128                 if (strstr(name, "Timestamp")) {
2129                         char timestamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *t;
2130
2131                         if ((t = format_timestamp(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), u)) || arg_all)
2132                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, strempty(t));
2133                 } else if (strstr(name, "USec")) {
2134                         char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
2135
2136                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), u));
2137                 } else
2138                         printf("%s=%llu\n", name, (unsigned long long) u);
2139
2140                 return 0;
2141         }
2142
2143         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
2144                 uint32_t u;
2145                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2146
2147                 if (strstr(name, "UMask") || strstr(name, "Mode"))
2148                         printf("%s=%04o\n", name, u);
2149                 else
2150                         printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
2151
2152                 return 0;
2153         }
2154
2155         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
2156                 int32_t i;
2157                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &i);
2158
2159                 printf("%s=%i\n", name, (int) i);
2160                 return 0;
2161         }
2162
2163         case DBUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
2164                 double d;
2165                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &d);
2166
2167                 printf("%s=%g\n", name, d);
2168                 return 0;
2169         }
2170
2171         case DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT: {
2172                 DBusMessageIter sub;
2173                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2174
2175                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_UINT32 && streq(name, "Job")) {
2176                         uint32_t u;
2177
2178                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
2179
2180                         if (u)
2181                                 printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
2182                         else if (arg_all)
2183                                 printf("%s=\n", name);
2184
2185                         return 0;
2186                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "Unit")) {
2187                         const char *s;
2188
2189                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2190
2191                         if (arg_all || s[0])
2192                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
2193
2194                         return 0;
2195                 }
2196
2197                 break;
2198         }
2199
2200         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
2201
2202                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
2203                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2204                         bool space = false;
2205
2206                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2207                         if (arg_all ||
2208                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2209                                 printf("%s=", name);
2210
2211                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2212                                         const char *s;
2213
2214                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
2215                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2216                                         printf("%s%s", space ? " " : "", s);
2217
2218                                         space = true;
2219                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2220                                 }
2221
2222                                 puts("");
2223                         }
2224
2225                         return 0;
2226
2227                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE) {
2228                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2229
2230                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2231                         if (arg_all ||
2232                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2233                                 printf("%s=", name);
2234
2235                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2236                                         uint8_t u;
2237
2238                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE);
2239                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
2240                                         printf("%02x", u);
2241
2242                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2243                                 }
2244
2245                                 puts("");
2246                         }
2247
2248                         return 0;
2249
2250                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Paths")) {
2251                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2252
2253                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2254                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2255                                 const char *type, *path;
2256
2257                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2258
2259                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) >= 0 &&
2260                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, false) >= 0)
2261                                         printf("%s=%s\n", type, path);
2262
2263                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2264                         }
2265
2266                         return 0;
2267
2268                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Timers")) {
2269                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2270
2271                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2272                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2273                                 const char *base;
2274                                 uint64_t value, next_elapse;
2275
2276                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2277
2278                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &base, true) >= 0 &&
2279                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &value, true) >= 0 &&
2280                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &next_elapse, false) >= 0) {
2281                                         char timespan1[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], timespan2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
2282
2283                                         printf("%s={ value=%s ; next_elapse=%s }\n",
2284                                                base,
2285                                                format_timespan(timespan1, sizeof(timespan1), value),
2286                                                format_timespan(timespan2, sizeof(timespan2), next_elapse));
2287                                 }
2288
2289                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2290                         }
2291
2292                         return 0;
2293
2294                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2295                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2296
2297                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2298                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2299                                 ExecStatusInfo info;
2300
2301                                 zero(info);
2302                                 if (exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, &info) >= 0) {
2303                                         char timestamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], timestamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
2304                                         char *t;
2305
2306                                         t = strv_join(info.argv, " ");
2307
2308                                         printf("%s={ path=%s ; argv[]=%s ; ignore=%s ; start_time=[%s] ; stop_time=[%s] ; pid=%u ; code=%s ; status=%i%s%s }\n",
2309                                                name,
2310                                                strna(info.path),
2311                                                strna(t),
2312                                                yes_no(info.ignore),
2313                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp1, sizeof(timestamp1), info.start_timestamp)),
2314                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp2, sizeof(timestamp2), info.exit_timestamp)),
2315                                                (unsigned) info. pid,
2316                                                sigchld_code_to_string(info.code),
2317                                                info.status,
2318                                                info.code == CLD_EXITED ? "" : "/",
2319                                                strempty(info.code == CLD_EXITED ? NULL : signal_to_string(info.status)));
2320
2321                                         free(t);
2322                                 }
2323
2324                                 free(info.path);
2325                                 strv_free(info.argv);
2326
2327                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2328                         }
2329
2330                         return 0;
2331                 }
2332
2333                 break;
2334         }
2335
2336         if (arg_all)
2337                 printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
2338
2339         return 0;
2340 }
2341
2342 static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
2343         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2344         const char *interface = "";
2345         int r;
2346         DBusError error;
2347         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
2348         UnitStatusInfo info;
2349         ExecStatusInfo *p;
2350
2351         assert(bus);
2352         assert(path);
2353         assert(new_line);
2354
2355         zero(info);
2356         dbus_error_init(&error);
2357
2358         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2359                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2360                               path,
2361                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2362                               "GetAll"))) {
2363                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2364                 r = -ENOMEM;
2365                 goto finish;
2366         }
2367
2368         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2369                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2370                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2371                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2372                 r = -ENOMEM;
2373                 goto finish;
2374         }
2375
2376         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2377                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2378                 r = -EIO;
2379                 goto finish;
2380         }
2381
2382         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2383             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
2384             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
2385                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2386                 r = -EIO;
2387                 goto finish;
2388         }
2389
2390         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2391
2392         if (*new_line)
2393                 printf("\n");
2394
2395         *new_line = true;
2396
2397         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2398                 const char *name;
2399
2400                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
2401                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2402                         r = -EIO;
2403                         goto finish;
2404                 }
2405
2406                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2407
2408                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0) {
2409                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2410                         r = -EIO;
2411                         goto finish;
2412                 }
2413
2414                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2415                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2416                         r = -EIO;
2417                         goto finish;
2418                 }
2419
2420                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
2421
2422                 if (show_properties)
2423                         r = print_property(name, &sub3);
2424                 else
2425                         r = status_property(name, &sub3, &info);
2426
2427                 if (r < 0) {
2428                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2429                         r = -EIO;
2430                         goto finish;
2431                 }
2432
2433                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2434         }
2435
2436         r = 0;
2437
2438         if (!show_properties)
2439                 print_status_info(&info);
2440
2441         if (!streq_ptr(info.active_state, "active") &&
2442             !streq_ptr(info.active_state, "reloading") &&
2443             streq(verb, "status"))
2444                 /* According to LSB: "program not running" */
2445                 r = 3;
2446
2447         while ((p = info.exec)) {
2448                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecStatusInfo, exec, info.exec, p);
2449                 exec_status_info_free(p);
2450         }
2451
2452 finish:
2453         if (m)
2454                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2455
2456         if (reply)
2457                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2458
2459         dbus_error_free(&error);
2460
2461         return r;
2462 }
2463
2464 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2465         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2466         int r, ret = 0;
2467         DBusError error;
2468         unsigned i;
2469         bool show_properties, new_line = false;
2470
2471         assert(bus);
2472         assert(args);
2473
2474         dbus_error_init(&error);
2475
2476         show_properties = !streq(args[0], "status");
2477
2478         if (show_properties && n <= 1) {
2479                 /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
2480                  * itself */
2481
2482                 ret = show_one(args[0], bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line);
2483                 goto finish;
2484         }
2485
2486         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2487                 const char *path = NULL;
2488                 uint32_t id;
2489
2490                 if (safe_atou32(args[i], &id) < 0) {
2491
2492                         /* Interpret as unit name */
2493
2494                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2495                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2496                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2497                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2498                                               "LoadUnit"))) {
2499                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2500                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2501                                 goto finish;
2502                         }
2503
2504                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2505                                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2506                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2507                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2508                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2509                                 goto finish;
2510                         }
2511
2512                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2513
2514                                 if (!dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) {
2515                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2516                                         ret = -EIO;
2517                                         goto finish;
2518                                 }
2519
2520                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
2521
2522                                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2523                                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2524                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2525                                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2526                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2527                                                       "GetUnit"))) {
2528                                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2529                                         ret = -ENOMEM;
2530                                         goto finish;
2531                                 }
2532
2533                                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2534                                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2535                                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2536                                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2537                                         ret = -ENOMEM;
2538                                         goto finish;
2539                                 }
2540
2541                                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2542                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2543
2544                                         if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
2545                                                 ret = 4; /* According to LSB: "program or service status is unknown" */
2546                                         else
2547                                                 ret = -EIO;
2548                                         goto finish;
2549                                 }
2550                         }
2551
2552                 } else if (show_properties) {
2553
2554                         /* Interpret as job id */
2555
2556                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2557                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2558                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2559                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2560                                               "GetJob"))) {
2561                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2562                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2563                                 goto finish;
2564                         }
2565
2566                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2567                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2568                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2569                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2570                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2571                                 goto finish;
2572                         }
2573
2574                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2575                                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2576                                 ret = -EIO;
2577                                 goto finish;
2578                         }
2579                 } else {
2580
2581                         /* Interpret as PID */
2582
2583                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2584                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2585                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2586                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2587                                               "GetUnitByPID"))) {
2588                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2589                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2590                                 goto finish;
2591                         }
2592
2593                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2594                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2595                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2596                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2597                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2598                                 goto finish;
2599                         }
2600
2601                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2602                                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2603                                 ret = -EIO;
2604                                 goto finish;
2605                         }
2606                 }
2607
2608                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2609                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2610                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2611                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2612                         ret = -EIO;
2613                         goto finish;
2614                 }
2615
2616                 if ((r = show_one(args[0], bus, path, show_properties, &new_line)) != 0)
2617                         ret = r;
2618
2619                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2620                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2621                 m = reply = NULL;
2622         }
2623
2624 finish:
2625         if (m)
2626                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2627
2628         if (reply)
2629                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2630
2631         dbus_error_free(&error);
2632
2633         return ret;
2634 }
2635
2636 static DBusHandlerResult monitor_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
2637         DBusError error;
2638         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2639
2640         assert(connection);
2641         assert(message);
2642
2643         dbus_error_init(&error);
2644
2645         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
2646                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
2647                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
2648                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
2649
2650         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
2651                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
2652                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
2653
2654         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitNew") ||
2655                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitRemoved")) {
2656                 const char *id, *path;
2657
2658                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2659                                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id,
2660                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2661                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2662                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2663                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "UnitNew"))
2664                         printf("Unit %s added.\n", id);
2665                 else
2666                         printf("Unit %s removed.\n", id);
2667
2668         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobNew") ||
2669                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
2670                 uint32_t id;
2671                 const char *path;
2672
2673                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2674                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2675                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2676                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2677                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2678                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "JobNew"))
2679                         printf("Job %u added.\n", id);
2680                 else
2681                         printf("Job %u removed.\n", id);
2682
2683
2684         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "PropertiesChanged")) {
2685
2686                 const char *path, *interface, *property = "Id";
2687                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2688
2689                 path = dbus_message_get_path(message);
2690
2691                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2692                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2693                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2694                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2695                         goto finish;
2696                 }
2697
2698                 if (!streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job") &&
2699                     !streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit"))
2700                         goto finish;
2701
2702                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2703                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2704                               path,
2705                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2706                               "Get"))) {
2707                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2708                         goto oom;
2709                 }
2710
2711                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2712                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2713                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
2714                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2715                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2716                         goto finish;
2717                 }
2718
2719                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection, m, -1, &error))) {
2720                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2721                         goto finish;
2722                 }
2723
2724                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2725                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2726                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2727                         goto finish;
2728                 }
2729
2730                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2731
2732                 if (streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit")) {
2733                         const char *id;
2734
2735                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
2736                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2737                                 goto finish;
2738                         }
2739
2740                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2741                         printf("Unit %s changed.\n", id);
2742                 } else {
2743                         uint32_t id;
2744
2745                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_UINT32)  {
2746                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2747                                 goto finish;
2748                         }
2749
2750                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2751                         printf("Job %u changed.\n", id);
2752                 }
2753         }
2754
2755 finish:
2756         if (m)
2757                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2758
2759         if (reply)
2760                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2761
2762         dbus_error_free(&error);
2763         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
2764
2765 oom:
2766         if (m)
2767                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2768
2769         if (reply)
2770                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2771
2772         dbus_error_free(&error);
2773         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
2774 }
2775
2776 static int monitor(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2777         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2778         DBusError error;
2779         int r;
2780
2781         dbus_error_init(&error);
2782
2783         if (!private_bus) {
2784                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2785                                    "type='signal',"
2786                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2787                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
2788                                    "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
2789                                    &error);
2790
2791                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2792                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2793                         r = -EIO;
2794                         goto finish;
2795                 }
2796
2797                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2798                                    "type='signal',"
2799                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2800                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',"
2801                                    "member='PropertiesChanged'",
2802                                    &error);
2803
2804                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2805                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2806                         r = -EIO;
2807                         goto finish;
2808                 }
2809         }
2810
2811         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, monitor_filter, NULL, NULL)) {
2812                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
2813                 r = -ENOMEM;
2814                 goto finish;
2815         }
2816
2817         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2818                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2819                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2820                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2821                               "Subscribe"))) {
2822                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2823                 r = -ENOMEM;
2824                 goto finish;
2825         }
2826
2827         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2828                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2829                 r = -EIO;
2830                 goto finish;
2831         }
2832
2833         while (dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
2834                 ;
2835
2836         r = 0;
2837
2838 finish:
2839
2840         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter or the matches. */
2841
2842         if (m)
2843                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2844
2845         if (reply)
2846                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2847
2848         dbus_error_free(&error);
2849
2850         return r;
2851 }
2852
2853 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2854         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2855         DBusError error;
2856         int r;
2857         const char *text;
2858
2859         dbus_error_init(&error);
2860
2861         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2862                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2863                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2864                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2865                               "Dump"))) {
2866                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2867                 return -ENOMEM;
2868         }
2869
2870         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2871                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2872                 r = -EIO;
2873                 goto finish;
2874         }
2875
2876         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2877                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
2878                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2879                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2880                 r = -EIO;
2881                 goto finish;
2882         }
2883
2884         fputs(text, stdout);
2885
2886         r = 0;
2887
2888 finish:
2889         if (m)
2890                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2891
2892         if (reply)
2893                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2894
2895         dbus_error_free(&error);
2896
2897         return r;
2898 }
2899
2900 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2901         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2902         DBusError error;
2903         int r;
2904         const char *name = "", *path, *id;
2905         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
2906         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2907         const char
2908                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
2909                 *property = "Id";
2910
2911         dbus_error_init(&error);
2912
2913         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2914                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2915                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2916                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2917                               "CreateSnapshot"))) {
2918                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2919                 return -ENOMEM;
2920         }
2921
2922         if (n > 1)
2923                 name = args[1];
2924
2925         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2926                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
2927                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
2928                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2929                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2930                 r = -ENOMEM;
2931                 goto finish;
2932         }
2933
2934         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2935                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2936                 r = -EIO;
2937                 goto finish;
2938         }
2939
2940         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2941                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2942                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2943                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2944                 r = -EIO;
2945                 goto finish;
2946         }
2947
2948         dbus_message_unref(m);
2949         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2950                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2951                               path,
2952                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2953                               "Get"))) {
2954                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2955                 return -ENOMEM;
2956         }
2957
2958         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2959                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2960                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
2961                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2962                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2963                 r = -ENOMEM;
2964                 goto finish;
2965         }
2966
2967         dbus_message_unref(reply);
2968         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2969                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2970                 r = -EIO;
2971                 goto finish;
2972         }
2973
2974         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2975             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2976                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2977                 r = -EIO;
2978                 goto finish;
2979         }
2980
2981         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2982
2983         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
2984                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2985                 r = -EIO;
2986                 goto finish;
2987         }
2988
2989         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2990
2991         if (!arg_quiet)
2992                 puts(id);
2993         r = 0;
2994
2995 finish:
2996         if (m)
2997                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2998
2999         if (reply)
3000                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3001
3002         dbus_error_free(&error);
3003
3004         return r;
3005 }
3006
3007 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3008         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3009         int r;
3010         DBusError error;
3011         unsigned i;
3012
3013         assert(bus);
3014         assert(args);
3015
3016         dbus_error_init(&error);
3017
3018         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
3019                 const char *path = NULL;
3020
3021                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3022                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3023                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3024                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3025                                       "GetUnit"))) {
3026                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3027                         r = -ENOMEM;
3028                         goto finish;
3029                 }
3030
3031                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3032                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
3033                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3034                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3035                         r = -ENOMEM;
3036                         goto finish;
3037                 }
3038
3039                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3040                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3041                         r = -EIO;
3042                         goto finish;
3043                 }
3044
3045                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3046                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
3047                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3048                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3049                         r = -EIO;
3050                         goto finish;
3051                 }
3052
3053                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3054                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3055                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3056                                       path,
3057                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
3058                                       "Remove"))) {
3059                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3060                         r = -ENOMEM;
3061                         goto finish;
3062                 }
3063
3064                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3065                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3066                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3067                         r = -EIO;
3068                         goto finish;
3069                 }
3070
3071                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3072                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3073                 m = reply = NULL;
3074         }
3075
3076         r = 0;
3077
3078 finish:
3079         if (m)
3080                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3081
3082         if (reply)
3083                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3084
3085         dbus_error_free(&error);
3086
3087         return r;
3088 }
3089
3090 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3091         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3092         DBusError error;
3093         int r;
3094         const char *method;
3095
3096         dbus_error_init(&error);
3097
3098         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
3099                 method = "Reload";
3100         else if (arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC)
3101                 method = "Reexecute";
3102         else {
3103                 assert(arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL);
3104
3105                 method =
3106                         streq(args[0], "clear-jobs")    ||
3107                         streq(args[0], "cancel")        ? "ClearJobs" :
3108                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reexec") ? "Reexecute" :
3109                         streq(args[0], "reset-failed")  ? "ResetFailed" :
3110                         streq(args[0], "halt")          ? "Halt" :
3111                         streq(args[0], "poweroff")      ? "PowerOff" :
3112                         streq(args[0], "reboot")        ? "Reboot" :
3113                         streq(args[0], "kexec")         ? "KExec" :
3114                         streq(args[0], "exit")          ? "Exit" :
3115                                     /* "daemon-reload" */ "Reload";
3116         }
3117
3118         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3119                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3120                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3121                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3122                               method))) {
3123                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3124                 return -ENOMEM;
3125         }
3126
3127         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3128
3129                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
3130                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
3131                          * legacy actions. */
3132                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
3133                         goto finish;
3134                 }
3135
3136                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3137                 r = -EIO;
3138                 goto finish;
3139         }
3140
3141         r = 0;
3142
3143 finish:
3144         if (m)
3145                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3146
3147         if (reply)
3148                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3149
3150         dbus_error_free(&error);
3151
3152         return r;
3153 }
3154
3155 static int reset_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3156         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3157         unsigned i;
3158         int r;
3159         DBusError error;
3160
3161         assert(bus);
3162         dbus_error_init(&error);
3163
3164         if (n <= 1)
3165                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
3166
3167         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
3168
3169                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3170                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3171                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3172                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3173                                       "ResetFailedUnit"))) {
3174                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3175                         r = -ENOMEM;
3176                         goto finish;
3177                 }
3178
3179                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3180                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, args + i,
3181                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3182                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3183                         r = -ENOMEM;
3184                         goto finish;
3185                 }
3186
3187                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3188                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3189                         r = -EIO;
3190                         goto finish;
3191                 }
3192
3193                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3194                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3195                 m = reply = NULL;
3196         }
3197
3198         r = 0;
3199
3200 finish:
3201         if (m)
3202                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3203
3204         if (reply)
3205                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3206
3207         dbus_error_free(&error);
3208
3209         return r;
3210 }
3211
3212 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3213         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3214         DBusError error;
3215         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
3216         int r;
3217         const char
3218                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3219                 *property = "Environment";
3220
3221         dbus_error_init(&error);
3222
3223         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3224                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3225                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3226                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
3227                               "Get"))) {
3228                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3229                 return -ENOMEM;
3230         }
3231
3232         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3233                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
3234                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
3235                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3236                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3237                 r = -ENOMEM;
3238                 goto finish;
3239         }
3240
3241         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3242                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3243                 r = -EIO;
3244                 goto finish;
3245         }
3246
3247         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
3248             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
3249                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3250                 r = -EIO;
3251                 goto finish;
3252         }
3253
3254         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
3255
3256         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
3257             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
3258                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3259                 r = -EIO;
3260                 goto finish;
3261         }
3262
3263         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
3264
3265         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
3266                 const char *text;
3267
3268                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
3269                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3270                         r = -EIO;
3271                         goto finish;
3272                 }
3273
3274                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub2, &text);
3275                 printf("%s\n", text);
3276
3277                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2);
3278         }
3279
3280         r = 0;
3281
3282 finish:
3283         if (m)
3284                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3285
3286         if (reply)
3287                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3288
3289         dbus_error_free(&error);
3290
3291         return r;
3292 }
3293
3294 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3295         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3296         DBusError error;
3297         int r;
3298         const char *method;
3299         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
3300         unsigned i;
3301
3302         dbus_error_init(&error);
3303
3304         method = streq(args[0], "set-environment")
3305                 ? "SetEnvironment"
3306                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
3307
3308         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3309                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3310                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3311                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3312                               method))) {
3313
3314                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3315                 return -ENOMEM;
3316         }
3317
3318         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
3319
3320         if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
3321                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3322                 r = -ENOMEM;
3323                 goto finish;
3324         }
3325
3326         for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
3327                 if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i])) {
3328                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3329                         r = -ENOMEM;
3330                         goto finish;
3331                 }
3332
3333         if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
3334                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3335                 r = -ENOMEM;
3336                 goto finish;
3337         }
3338
3339         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3340                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3341                 r = -EIO;
3342                 goto finish;
3343         }
3344
3345         r = 0;
3346
3347 finish:
3348         if (m)
3349                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3350
3351         if (reply)
3352                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3353
3354         dbus_error_free(&error);
3355
3356         return r;
3357 }
3358
3359 typedef struct {
3360         char *name;
3361         char *path;
3362
3363         char **aliases;
3364         char **wanted_by;
3365 } InstallInfo;
3366
3367 static Hashmap *will_install = NULL, *have_installed = NULL;
3368 static Set *remove_symlinks_to = NULL;
3369 static unsigned n_symlinks = 0;
3370
3371 static void install_info_free(InstallInfo *i) {
3372         assert(i);
3373
3374         free(i->name);
3375         free(i->path);
3376         strv_free(i->aliases);
3377         strv_free(i->wanted_by);
3378         free(i);
3379 }
3380
3381 static void install_info_hashmap_free(Hashmap *m) {
3382         InstallInfo *i;
3383
3384         while ((i = hashmap_steal_first(m)))
3385                 install_info_free(i);
3386
3387         hashmap_free(m);
3388 }
3389
3390 static int install_info_add(const char *name) {
3391         InstallInfo *i;
3392         int r;
3393
3394         assert(will_install);
3395
3396         if (!unit_name_is_valid_no_type(name, true)) {
3397                 log_warning("Unit name %s is not a valid unit name.", name);
3398                 return -EINVAL;
3399         }
3400
3401         if (hashmap_get(have_installed, name) ||
3402             hashmap_get(will_install, name))
3403                 return 0;
3404
3405         if (!(i = new0(InstallInfo, 1))) {
3406                 r = -ENOMEM;
3407                 goto fail;
3408         }
3409
3410         if (!(i->name = strdup(name))) {
3411                 r = -ENOMEM;
3412                 goto fail;
3413         }
3414
3415         if ((r = hashmap_put(will_install, i->name, i)) < 0)
3416                 goto fail;
3417
3418         return 0;
3419
3420 fail:
3421         if (i)
3422                 install_info_free(i);
3423
3424         return r;
3425 }
3426
3427 static int config_parse_also(
3428                 const char *filename,
3429                 unsigned line,
3430                 const char *section,
3431                 const char *lvalue,
3432                 const char *rvalue,
3433                 void *data,
3434                 void *userdata) {
3435
3436         char *w;
3437         size_t l;
3438         char *state;
3439
3440         assert(filename);
3441         assert(lvalue);
3442         assert(rvalue);
3443
3444         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
3445                 char *n;
3446                 int r;
3447
3448                 if (!(n = strndup(w, l)))
3449                         return -ENOMEM;
3450
3451                 if ((r = install_info_add(n)) < 0) {
3452                         log_warning("Cannot install unit %s: %s", n, strerror(-r));
3453                         free(n);
3454                         return r;
3455                 }
3456
3457                 free(n);
3458         }
3459
3460         return 0;
3461 }
3462
3463 static int mark_symlink_for_removal(const char *p) {
3464         char *n;
3465         int r;
3466
3467         assert(p);
3468         assert(path_is_absolute(p));
3469
3470         if (!remove_symlinks_to)
3471                 return 0;
3472
3473         if (!(n = strdup(p)))
3474                 return -ENOMEM;
3475
3476         path_kill_slashes(n);
3477
3478         if ((r = set_put(remove_symlinks_to, n)) < 0) {
3479                 free(n);
3480                 return r == -EEXIST ? 0 : r;
3481         }
3482
3483         return 0;
3484 }
3485
3486 static int remove_marked_symlinks_fd(int fd, const char *config_path, const char *root, bool *deleted) {
3487         int r = 0;
3488         DIR *d;
3489         struct dirent *de;
3490
3491         assert(fd >= 0);
3492         assert(root);
3493         assert(deleted);
3494
3495         if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3496                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3497                 return -errno;
3498         }
3499
3500         rewinddir(d);
3501
3502         while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3503                 bool is_dir = false, is_link = false;
3504
3505                 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3506                         continue;
3507
3508                 if (de->d_type == DT_LNK)
3509                         is_link = true;
3510                 else if (de->d_type == DT_DIR)
3511                         is_dir = true;
3512                 else if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3513                         struct stat st;
3514
3515                         if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3516                                 log_error("Failed to stat %s/%s: %m", root, de->d_name);
3517
3518                                 if (r == 0)
3519                                         r = -errno;
3520                                 continue;
3521                         }
3522
3523                         is_link = S_ISLNK(st.st_mode);
3524                         is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3525                 } else
3526                         continue;
3527
3528                 if (is_dir) {
3529                         int nfd, q;
3530                         char *p;
3531
3532                         if ((nfd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW)) < 0) {
3533                                 log_error("Failed to open %s/%s: %m", root, de->d_name);
3534
3535                                 if (r == 0)
3536                                         r = -errno;
3537                                 continue;
3538                         }
3539
3540                         if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", root, de->d_name) < 0) {
3541                                 log_error("Failed to allocate directory string.");
3542                                 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3543                                 r = -ENOMEM;
3544                                 break;
3545                         }
3546
3547                         /* This will close nfd, regardless whether it succeeds or not */
3548                         q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(nfd, config_path, p, deleted);
3549                         free(p);
3550
3551                         if (r == 0)
3552                                 r = q;
3553
3554                 } else if (is_link) {
3555                         char *p, *dest, *c;
3556                         int q;
3557
3558                         if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", root, de->d_name) < 0) {
3559                                 log_error("Failed to allocate symlink string.");
3560                                 r = -ENOMEM;
3561                                 break;
3562                         }
3563
3564                         if ((q = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &dest)) < 0) {
3565                                 log_error("Cannot read symlink %s: %s", p, strerror(-q));
3566                                 free(p);
3567
3568                                 if (r == 0)
3569                                         r = q;
3570                                 continue;
3571                         }
3572
3573                         if ((c = canonicalize_file_name(dest))) {
3574                                 /* This might fail if the destination
3575                                  * is already removed */
3576
3577                                 free(dest);
3578                                 dest = c;
3579                         }
3580
3581                         path_kill_slashes(dest);
3582                         if (set_get(remove_symlinks_to, dest)) {
3583
3584                                 if (!arg_quiet)
3585                                         log_info("rm '%s'", p);
3586
3587                                 if (unlink(p) < 0) {
3588                                         log_error("Cannot unlink symlink %s: %m", p);
3589
3590                                         if (r == 0)
3591                                                 r = -errno;
3592                                 } else {
3593                                         rmdir_parents(p, config_path);
3594                                         path_kill_slashes(p);
3595
3596                                         if (!set_get(remove_symlinks_to, p)) {
3597
3598                                                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(p)) < 0) {
3599                                                         if (r == 0)
3600                                                                 r = q;
3601                                                 } else
3602                                                         *deleted = true;
3603                                         }
3604                                 }
3605                         }
3606
3607                         free(p);
3608                         free(dest);
3609                 }
3610         }
3611
3612         closedir(d);
3613
3614         return r;
3615 }
3616
3617 static int remove_marked_symlinks(const char *config_path) {
3618         int fd, r = 0;
3619         bool deleted;
3620
3621         assert(config_path);
3622
3623         if (set_size(remove_symlinks_to) <= 0)
3624                 return 0;
3625
3626         if ((fd = open(config_path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW)) < 0)
3627                 return -errno;
3628
3629         do {
3630                 int q, cfd;
3631                 deleted = false;
3632
3633                 if ((cfd = dup(fd)) < 0) {
3634                         r = -errno;
3635                         break;
3636                 }
3637
3638                 /* This takes possession of cfd and closes it */
3639                 if ((q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(cfd, config_path, config_path, &deleted)) < 0) {
3640                         if (r == 0)
3641                                 r = q;
3642                 }
3643         } while (deleted);
3644
3645         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3646
3647         return r;
3648 }
3649
3650 static int create_symlink(const char *verb, const char *old_path, const char *new_path) {
3651         int r;
3652
3653         assert(old_path);
3654         assert(new_path);
3655         assert(verb);
3656
3657         if (streq(verb, "enable")) {
3658                 char *dest;
3659
3660                 mkdir_parents(new_path, 0755);
3661
3662                 if (symlink(old_path, new_path) >= 0) {
3663
3664                         if (!arg_quiet)
3665                                 log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", old_path, new_path);
3666
3667                         return 0;
3668                 }
3669
3670                 if (errno != EEXIST) {
3671                         log_error("Cannot link %s to %s: %m", old_path, new_path);
3672                         return -errno;
3673                 }
3674
3675                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3676
3677                         if (errno == EINVAL) {
3678                                 log_error("Cannot link %s to %s, file exists already and is not a symlink.", old_path, new_path);
3679                                 return -EEXIST;
3680                         }
3681
3682                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3683                         return r;
3684                 }
3685
3686                 if (streq(dest, old_path)) {
3687                         free(dest);
3688                         return 0;
3689                 }
3690
3691                 if (!arg_force) {
3692                         log_error("Cannot link %s to %s, symlink exists already and points to %s.", old_path, new_path, dest);
3693                         free(dest);
3694                         return -EEXIST;
3695                 }
3696
3697                 free(dest);
3698                 unlink(new_path);
3699
3700                 if (!arg_quiet)
3701                         log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", old_path, new_path);
3702
3703                 if (symlink(old_path, new_path) >= 0)
3704                         return 0;
3705
3706                 log_error("Cannot link %s to %s: %m", old_path, new_path);
3707                 return -errno;
3708
3709         } else if (streq(verb, "disable")) {
3710                 char *dest;
3711
3712                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(old_path)) < 0)
3713                         return r;
3714
3715                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3716                         if (errno == ENOENT)
3717                                 return 0;
3718
3719                         if (errno == EINVAL) {
3720                                 log_warning("File %s not a symlink, ignoring.", old_path);
3721                                 return 0;
3722                         }
3723
3724                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3725                         return r;
3726                 }
3727
3728                 if (!streq(dest, old_path)) {
3729                         log_warning("File %s not a symlink to %s but points to %s, ignoring.", new_path, old_path, dest);
3730                         free(dest);
3731                         return 0;
3732                 }
3733
3734                 free(dest);
3735
3736                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(new_path)) < 0)
3737                         return r;
3738
3739                 if (!arg_quiet)
3740                         log_info("rm '%s'", new_path);
3741
3742                 if (unlink(new_path) >= 0)
3743                         return 0;
3744
3745                 log_error("Cannot unlink %s: %m", new_path);
3746                 return -errno;
3747
3748         } else if (streq(verb, "is-enabled")) {
3749                 char *dest;
3750
3751                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3752
3753                         if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EINVAL)
3754                                 return 0;
3755
3756                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3757                         return r;
3758                 }
3759
3760                 if (streq(dest, old_path)) {
3761                         free(dest);
3762                         return 1;
3763                 }
3764
3765                 return 0;
3766         }
3767
3768         assert_not_reached("Unknown action.");
3769 }
3770
3771 static int install_info_symlink_alias(const char *verb, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3772         char **s;
3773         char *alias_path = NULL;
3774         int r;
3775
3776         assert(verb);
3777         assert(i);
3778         assert(config_path);
3779
3780         STRV_FOREACH(s, i->aliases) {
3781
3782                 free(alias_path);
3783                 if (!(alias_path = path_make_absolute(*s, config_path))) {
3784                         log_error("Out of memory");
3785                         r = -ENOMEM;
3786                         goto finish;
3787                 }
3788
3789                 if ((r = create_symlink(verb, i->path, alias_path)) != 0)
3790                         goto finish;
3791
3792                 if (streq(verb, "disable"))
3793                         rmdir_parents(alias_path, config_path);
3794         }
3795         r = 0;
3796
3797 finish:
3798         free(alias_path);
3799
3800         return r;
3801 }
3802
3803 static int install_info_symlink_wants(const char *verb, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3804         char **s;
3805         char *alias_path = NULL;
3806         int r;
3807
3808         assert(verb);
3809         assert(i);
3810         assert(config_path);
3811
3812         STRV_FOREACH(s, i->wanted_by) {
3813                 if (!unit_name_is_valid_no_type(*s, true)) {
3814                         log_error("Invalid name %s.", *s);
3815                         r = -EINVAL;
3816                         goto finish;
3817                 }
3818
3819                 free(alias_path);
3820                 alias_path = NULL;
3821
3822                 if (asprintf(&alias_path, "%s/%s.wants/%s", config_path, *s, i->name) < 0) {
3823                         log_error("Out of memory");
3824                         r = -ENOMEM;
3825                         goto finish;
3826                 }
3827
3828                 if ((r = create_symlink(verb, i->path, alias_path)) != 0)
3829                         goto finish;
3830
3831                 if (streq(verb, "disable"))
3832                         rmdir_parents(alias_path, config_path);
3833         }
3834
3835         r = 0;
3836
3837 finish:
3838         free(alias_path);
3839
3840         return r;
3841 }
3842
3843 static int install_info_apply(const char *verb, LookupPaths *paths, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3844
3845         const ConfigItem items[] = {
3846                 { "Alias",    config_parse_strv, &i->aliases,   "Install" },
3847                 { "WantedBy", config_parse_strv, &i->wanted_by, "Install" },
3848                 { "Also",     config_parse_also, NULL,          "Install" },
3849
3850                 { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }
3851         };
3852
3853         char **p;
3854         char *filename = NULL;
3855         FILE *f = NULL;
3856         int r;
3857
3858         assert(paths);
3859         assert(i);
3860
3861         STRV_FOREACH(p, paths->unit_path) {
3862                 int fd;
3863
3864                 if (!(filename = path_make_absolute(i->name, *p))) {
3865                         log_error("Out of memory");
3866                         return -ENOMEM;
3867                 }
3868
3869                 /* Ensure that we don't follow symlinks */
3870                 if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOCTTY)) >= 0)
3871                         if ((f = fdopen(fd, "re")))
3872                                 break;
3873
3874                 if (errno == ELOOP) {
3875                         log_error("Refusing to operate on symlinks, please pass unit names or absolute paths to unit files.");
3876                         free(filename);
3877                         return -errno;
3878                 }
3879
3880                 if (errno != ENOENT) {
3881                         log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", filename);
3882                         free(filename);
3883                         return -errno;
3884                 }
3885
3886                 free(filename);
3887                 filename = NULL;
3888         }
3889
3890         if (!f) {
3891 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA) && defined (HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT)
3892
3893                 if (endswith(i->name, ".service")) {
3894                         char *sysv;
3895                         bool exists;
3896
3897                         if (asprintf(&sysv, SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH "/%s", i->name) < 0) {
3898                                 log_error("Out of memory");
3899                                 return -ENOMEM;
3900                         }
3901
3902                         sysv[strlen(sysv) - sizeof(".service") + 1] = 0;
3903                         exists = access(sysv, F_OK) >= 0;
3904
3905                         if (exists) {
3906                                 pid_t pid;
3907                                 siginfo_t status;
3908
3909                                 const char *argv[] = {
3910                                         "/sbin/chkconfig",
3911                                         NULL,
3912                                         NULL,
3913                                         NULL
3914                                 };
3915
3916                                 log_info("%s is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.", i->name);
3917
3918                                 argv[1] = file_name_from_path(sysv);
3919                                 argv[2] =
3920                                         streq(verb, "enable") ? "on" :
3921                                         streq(verb, "disable") ? "off" : NULL;
3922
3923                                 log_info("Executing %s %s %s", argv[0], argv[1], strempty(argv[2]));
3924
3925                                 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3926                                         log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3927                                         free(sysv);
3928                                         return -errno;
3929                                 } else if (pid == 0) {
3930                                         execv(argv[0], (char**) argv);
3931                                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3932                                 }
3933
3934                                 free(sysv);
3935
3936                                 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
3937                                         return r;
3938
3939                                 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3940                                         if (status.si_status == 0 && (streq(verb, "enable") || streq(verb, "disable")))
3941                                                 n_symlinks ++;
3942
3943                                         return status.si_status == 0 ? 0 : -EINVAL;
3944                                 } else
3945                                         return -EPROTO;
3946                         }
3947
3948                         free(sysv);
3949                 }
3950
3951 #endif
3952
3953                 log_error("Couldn't find %s.", i->name);
3954                 return -ENOENT;
3955         }
3956
3957         i->path = filename;
3958
3959         if ((r = config_parse(filename, f, NULL, items, true, i)) < 0) {
3960                 fclose(f);
3961                 return r;
3962         }
3963
3964         n_symlinks += strv_length(i->aliases);
3965         n_symlinks += strv_length(i->wanted_by);
3966
3967         fclose(f);
3968
3969         if ((r = install_info_symlink_alias(verb, i, config_path)) != 0)
3970                 return r;
3971
3972         if ((r = install_info_symlink_wants(verb, i, config_path)) != 0)
3973                 return r;
3974
3975         if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(filename)) < 0)
3976                 return r;
3977
3978         if ((r = remove_marked_symlinks(config_path)) < 0)
3979                 return r;
3980
3981         return 0;
3982 }
3983
3984 static char *get_config_path(void) {
3985
3986         if (arg_user && arg_global)
3987                 return strdup(USER_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH);
3988
3989         if (arg_user) {
3990                 char *p;
3991
3992                 if (user_config_home(&p) < 0)
3993                         return NULL;
3994
3995                 return p;
3996         }
3997
3998         return strdup(SYSTEM_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH);
3999 }
4000
4001 static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
4002         DBusError error;
4003         int r;
4004         LookupPaths paths;
4005         char *config_path = NULL;
4006         unsigned j;
4007         InstallInfo *i;
4008         const char *verb = args[0];
4009
4010         dbus_error_init(&error);
4011
4012         zero(paths);
4013         if ((r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, arg_user ? MANAGER_USER : MANAGER_SYSTEM)) < 0) {
4014                 log_error("Failed to determine lookup paths: %s", strerror(-r));
4015                 goto finish;
4016         }
4017
4018         if (!(config_path = get_config_path())) {
4019                 log_error("Failed to determine config path");
4020                 r = -ENOMEM;
4021                 goto finish;
4022         }
4023
4024         will_install = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4025         have_installed = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4026
4027         if (!will_install || !have_installed) {
4028                 log_error("Failed to allocate unit sets.");
4029                 r = -ENOMEM;
4030                 goto finish;
4031         }
4032
4033         if (!arg_defaults && streq(verb, "disable"))
4034                 if (!(remove_symlinks_to = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
4035                         log_error("Failed to allocate symlink sets.");
4036                         r = -ENOMEM;
4037                         goto finish;
4038                 }
4039
4040         for (j = 1; j < n; j++)
4041                 if ((r = install_info_add(args[j])) < 0) {
4042                         log_warning("Cannot install unit %s: %s", args[j], strerror(-r));
4043                         goto finish;
4044                 }
4045
4046         while ((i = hashmap_first(will_install))) {
4047                 int q;
4048
4049                 assert_se(hashmap_move_one(have_installed, will_install, i->name) == 0);
4050
4051                 if ((q = install_info_apply(verb, &paths, i, config_path)) != 0) {
4052
4053                         if (q < 0) {
4054                                 if (r == 0)
4055                                         r = q;
4056                                 goto finish;
4057                         }
4058
4059                         /* In test mode and found something */
4060                         r = 1;
4061                         break;
4062                 }
4063         }
4064
4065         if (streq(verb, "is-enabled"))
4066                 r = r > 0 ? 0 : -ENOENT;
4067         else {
4068                 if (n_symlinks <= 0)
4069                         log_warning("Unit files contain no applicable installation information. Ignoring.");
4070
4071                 if (bus &&
4072                     /* Don't try to reload anything if the user asked us to not do this */
4073                     !arg_no_reload &&
4074                     /* Don't try to reload anything when updating a unit globally */
4075                     !arg_global &&
4076                     /* Don't try to reload anything if we are called for system changes but the system wasn't booted with systemd */
4077                     (arg_user || sd_booted() > 0) &&
4078                     /* Don't try to reload anything if we are running in a chroot environment */
4079                     (arg_user || running_in_chroot() <= 0) ) {
4080                         int q;
4081
4082                         if ((q = daemon_reload(bus, args, n)) < 0)
4083                                 r = q;
4084                 }
4085         }
4086
4087 finish:
4088         install_info_hashmap_free(will_install);
4089         install_info_hashmap_free(have_installed);
4090
4091         set_free_free(remove_symlinks_to);
4092
4093         lookup_paths_free(&paths);
4094
4095         free(config_path);
4096
4097         return r;
4098 }
4099
4100 static int systemctl_help(void) {
4101
4102         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
4103                "Send control commands to or query the systemd manager.\n\n"
4104                "  -h --help           Show this help\n"
4105                "     --version        Show package version\n"
4106                "  -t --type=TYPE      List only units of a particular type\n"
4107                "  -p --property=NAME  Show only properties by this name\n"
4108                "  -a --all            Show all units/properties, including dead/empty ones\n"
4109                "     --full           Don't ellipsize unit names on output\n"
4110                "     --fail           When queueing a new job, fail if conflicting jobs are\n"
4111                "                      pending\n"
4112                "  -q --quiet          Suppress output\n"
4113                "     --no-block       Do not wait until operation finished\n"
4114                "     --no-pager       Do not pipe output into a pager.\n"
4115                "     --system         Connect to system manager\n"
4116                "     --user           Connect to user service manager\n"
4117                "     --order          When generating graph for dot, show only order\n"
4118                "     --require        When generating graph for dot, show only requirement\n"
4119                "     --no-wall        Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4120                "     --global         Enable/disable unit files globally\n"
4121                "     --no-reload      When enabling/disabling unit files, don't reload daemon\n"
4122                "                      configuration\n"
4123                "     --no-ask-password\n"
4124                "                      Do not ask for system passwords\n"
4125                "     --kill-mode=MODE How to send signal\n"
4126                "     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to\n"
4127                "  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send\n"
4128                "  -f --force          When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks\n"
4129                "                      When shutting down, execute action immediately\n"
4130                "     --defaults       When disabling unit files, remove default symlinks only\n\n"
4131                "Commands:\n"
4132                "  list-units                      List units\n"
4133                "  start [NAME...]                 Start (activate) one or more units\n"
4134                "  stop [NAME...]                  Stop (deactivate) one or more units\n"
4135                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
4136                "  restart [NAME...]               Start or restart one or more units\n"
4137                "  try-restart [NAME...]           Restart one or more units if active\n"
4138                "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
4139                "                                  otherwise start or restart\n"
4140                "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
4141                "                                  otherwise restart if active\n"
4142                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
4143                "  kill [NAME...]                  Send signal to processes of a unit\n"
4144                "  is-active [NAME...]             Check whether units are active\n"
4145                "  status [NAME...|PID...]         Show runtime status of one or more units\n"
4146                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more\n"
4147                "                                  units/jobs or the manager\n"
4148                "  reset-failed [NAME...]          Reset failed state for all, one, or more\n"
4149                "                                  units\n"
4150                "  enable [NAME...]                Enable one or more unit files\n"
4151                "  disable [NAME...]               Disable one or more unit files\n"
4152                "  is-enabled [NAME...]            Check whether unit files are enabled\n"
4153                "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n"
4154                "  list-jobs                       List jobs\n"
4155                "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel all, one, or more jobs\n"
4156                "  monitor                         Monitor unit/job changes\n"
4157                "  dump                            Dump server status\n"
4158                "  dot                             Dump dependency graph for dot(1)\n"
4159                "  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot\n"
4160                "  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots\n"
4161                "  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration\n"
4162                "  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager\n"
4163                "  show-environment                Dump environment\n"
4164                "  set-environment [NAME=VALUE...] Set one or more environment variables\n"
4165                "  unset-environment [NAME...]     Unset one or more environment variables\n"
4166                "  default                         Enter system default mode\n"
4167                "  rescue                          Enter system rescue mode\n"
4168                "  emergency                       Enter system emergency mode\n"
4169                "  halt                            Shut down and halt the system\n"
4170                "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
4171                "  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system\n"
4172                "  kexec                           Shut down and reboot the system with kexec\n"
4173                "  exit                            Ask for user instance termination\n",
4174                program_invocation_short_name);
4175
4176         return 0;
4177 }
4178
4179 static int halt_help(void) {
4180
4181         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
4182                "%s the system.\n\n"
4183                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4184                "     --halt      Halt the machine\n"
4185                "  -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine\n"
4186                "     --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
4187                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4188                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
4189                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
4190                "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4191                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
4192                program_invocation_short_name,
4193                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
4194                arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "Power off" :
4195                                                "Halt");
4196
4197         return 0;
4198 }
4199
4200 static int shutdown_help(void) {
4201
4202         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [TIME] [WALL...]\n\n"
4203                "Shut down the system.\n\n"
4204                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4205                "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
4206                "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
4207                "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
4208                "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overriden by --halt\n"
4209                "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
4210                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4211                "  -c             Cancel a pending shutdown\n",
4212                program_invocation_short_name);
4213
4214         return 0;
4215 }
4216
4217 static int telinit_help(void) {
4218
4219         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}\n\n"
4220                "Send control commands to the init daemon.\n\n"
4221                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4222                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
4223                "Commands:\n"
4224                "  0              Power-off the machine\n"
4225                "  6              Reboot the machine\n"
4226                "  2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit\n"
4227                "  1, s, S        Enter rescue mode\n"
4228                "  q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration\n"
4229                "  u, U           Reexecute init daemon\n",
4230                program_invocation_short_name);
4231
4232         return 0;
4233 }
4234
4235 static int runlevel_help(void) {
4236
4237         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
4238                "Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.\n\n"
4239                "     --help      Show this help\n",
4240                program_invocation_short_name);
4241
4242         return 0;
4243 }
4244
4245 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4246
4247         enum {
4248                 ARG_FAIL = 0x100,
4249                 ARG_VERSION,
4250                 ARG_USER,
4251                 ARG_SYSTEM,
4252                 ARG_GLOBAL,
4253                 ARG_NO_BLOCK,
4254                 ARG_NO_PAGER,
4255                 ARG_NO_WALL,
4256                 ARG_ORDER,
4257                 ARG_REQUIRE,
4258                 ARG_FULL,
4259                 ARG_NO_RELOAD,
4260                 ARG_DEFAULTS,
4261                 ARG_KILL_MODE,
4262                 ARG_KILL_WHO,
4263                 ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD
4264         };
4265
4266         static const struct option options[] = {
4267                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, 'h'           },
4268                 { "version",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION   },
4269                 { "type",      required_argument, NULL, 't'           },
4270                 { "property",  required_argument, NULL, 'p'           },
4271                 { "all",       no_argument,       NULL, 'a'           },
4272                 { "full",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FULL      },
4273                 { "fail",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAIL      },
4274                 { "user",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER      },
4275                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM    },
4276                 { "global",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL    },
4277                 { "no-block",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK  },
4278                 { "no-pager",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER  },
4279                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL   },
4280                 { "quiet",     no_argument,       NULL, 'q'           },
4281                 { "order",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ORDER     },
4282                 { "require",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REQUIRE   },
4283                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'           },
4284                 { "no-reload", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD },
4285                 { "defaults",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DEFAULTS  },
4286                 { "kill-mode", required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_MODE },
4287                 { "kill-who",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_WHO  },
4288                 { "signal",    required_argument, NULL, 's'           },
4289                 { "no-ask-password", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
4290                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0             }
4291         };
4292
4293         int c;
4294
4295         assert(argc >= 0);
4296         assert(argv);
4297
4298         /* Only when running as systemctl we ask for passwords */
4299         arg_ask_password = true;
4300
4301         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aqfs:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4302
4303                 switch (c) {
4304
4305                 case 'h':
4306                         systemctl_help();
4307                         return 0;
4308
4309                 case ARG_VERSION:
4310                         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
4311                         puts(DISTRIBUTION);
4312                         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
4313                         return 0;
4314
4315                 case 't':
4316                         arg_type = optarg;
4317                         break;
4318
4319                 case 'p': {
4320                         char **l;
4321
4322                         if (!(l = strv_append(arg_property, optarg)))
4323                                 return -ENOMEM;
4324
4325                         strv_free(arg_property);
4326                         arg_property = l;
4327
4328                         /* If the user asked for a particular
4329                          * property, show it to him, even if it is
4330                          * empty. */
4331                         arg_all = true;
4332                         break;
4333                 }
4334
4335                 case 'a':
4336                         arg_all = true;
4337                         break;
4338
4339                 case ARG_FAIL:
4340                         arg_fail = true;
4341                         break;
4342
4343                 case ARG_USER:
4344                         arg_user = true;
4345                         break;
4346
4347                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
4348                         arg_user = false;
4349                         break;
4350
4351                 case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
4352                         arg_no_block = true;
4353                         break;
4354
4355                 case ARG_NO_PAGER:
4356                         arg_no_pager = true;
4357                         break;
4358
4359                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4360                         arg_no_wall = true;
4361                         break;
4362
4363                 case ARG_ORDER:
4364                         arg_dot = DOT_ORDER;
4365                         break;
4366
4367                 case ARG_REQUIRE:
4368                         arg_dot = DOT_REQUIRE;
4369                         break;
4370
4371                 case ARG_FULL:
4372                         arg_full = true;
4373                         break;
4374
4375                 case 'q':
4376                         arg_quiet = true;
4377                         break;
4378
4379                 case 'f':
4380                         arg_force = true;
4381                         break;
4382
4383                 case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
4384                         arg_no_reload = true;
4385                         break;
4386
4387                 case ARG_GLOBAL:
4388                         arg_global = true;
4389                         arg_user = true;
4390                         break;
4391
4392                 case ARG_DEFAULTS:
4393                         arg_defaults = true;
4394                         break;
4395
4396                 case ARG_KILL_WHO:
4397                         arg_kill_who = optarg;
4398                         break;
4399
4400                 case ARG_KILL_MODE:
4401                         arg_kill_mode = optarg;
4402                         break;
4403
4404                 case 's':
4405                         if ((arg_signal = signal_from_string_try_harder(optarg)) < 0) {
4406                                 log_error("Failed to parse signal string %s.", optarg);
4407                                 return -EINVAL;
4408                         }
4409                         break;
4410
4411                 case ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD:
4412                         arg_ask_password = false;
4413                         break;
4414
4415                 case '?':
4416                         return -EINVAL;
4417
4418                 default:
4419                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4420                         return -EINVAL;
4421                 }
4422         }
4423
4424         return 1;
4425 }
4426
4427 static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4428
4429         enum {
4430                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4431                 ARG_HALT,
4432                 ARG_REBOOT,
4433                 ARG_NO_WALL
4434         };
4435
4436         static const struct option options[] = {
4437                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4438                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HALT    },
4439                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'         },
4440                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REBOOT  },
4441                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
4442                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
4443                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
4444                 { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
4445                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4446                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4447         };
4448
4449         int c, runlevel;
4450
4451         assert(argc >= 0);
4452         assert(argv);
4453
4454         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
4455                 if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
4456                         arg_immediate = true;
4457
4458         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4459                 switch (c) {
4460
4461                 case ARG_HELP:
4462                         halt_help();
4463                         return 0;
4464
4465                 case ARG_HALT:
4466                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4467                         break;
4468
4469                 case 'p':
4470                         if (arg_action != ACTION_REBOOT)
4471                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4472                         break;
4473
4474                 case ARG_REBOOT:
4475                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4476                         break;
4477
4478                 case 'f':
4479                         arg_immediate = true;
4480                         break;
4481
4482                 case 'w':
4483                         arg_dry = true;
4484                         break;
4485
4486                 case 'd':
4487                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
4488                         break;
4489
4490                 case 'n':
4491                         arg_no_sync = true;
4492                         break;
4493
4494                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4495                         arg_no_wall = true;
4496                         break;
4497
4498                 case 'i':
4499                 case 'h':
4500                         /* Compatibility nops */
4501                         break;
4502
4503                 case '?':
4504                         return -EINVAL;
4505
4506                 default:
4507                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4508                         return -EINVAL;
4509                 }
4510         }
4511
4512         if (optind < argc) {
4513                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4514                 return -EINVAL;
4515         }
4516
4517         return 1;
4518 }
4519
4520 static int parse_time_spec(const char *t, usec_t *_u) {
4521         assert(t);
4522         assert(_u);
4523
4524         if (streq(t, "now"))
4525                 *_u = 0;
4526         else if (t[0] == '+') {
4527                 uint64_t u;
4528
4529                 if (safe_atou64(t + 1, &u) < 0)
4530                         return -EINVAL;
4531
4532                 *_u = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE * u;
4533         } else {
4534                 char *e = NULL;
4535                 long hour, minute;
4536                 struct tm tm;
4537                 time_t s;
4538                 usec_t n;
4539
4540                 errno = 0;
4541                 hour = strtol(t, &e, 10);
4542                 if (errno != 0 || *e != ':' || hour < 0 || hour > 23)
4543                         return -EINVAL;
4544
4545                 minute = strtol(e+1, &e, 10);
4546                 if (errno != 0 || *e != 0 || minute < 0 || minute > 59)
4547                         return -EINVAL;
4548
4549                 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
4550                 s = (time_t) (n / USEC_PER_SEC);
4551
4552                 zero(tm);
4553                 assert_se(localtime_r(&s, &tm));
4554
4555                 tm.tm_hour = (int) hour;
4556                 tm.tm_min = (int) minute;
4557                 tm.tm_sec = 0;
4558
4559                 assert_se(s = mktime(&tm));
4560
4561                 *_u = (usec_t) s * USEC_PER_SEC;
4562
4563                 while (*_u <= n)
4564                         *_u += USEC_PER_DAY;
4565         }
4566
4567         return 0;
4568 }
4569
4570 static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4571
4572         enum {
4573                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4574                 ARG_NO_WALL
4575         };
4576
4577         static const struct option options[] = {
4578                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4579                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, 'H'         },
4580                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'P'         },
4581                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'r'         },
4582                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4583                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4584         };
4585
4586         int c, r;
4587
4588         assert(argc >= 0);
4589         assert(argv);
4590
4591         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkt:afFc", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4592                 switch (c) {
4593
4594                 case ARG_HELP:
4595                         shutdown_help();
4596                         return 0;
4597
4598                 case 'H':
4599                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4600                         break;
4601
4602                 case 'P':
4603                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4604                         break;
4605
4606                 case 'r':
4607                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4608                         break;
4609
4610                 case 'h':
4611                         if (arg_action != ACTION_HALT)
4612                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4613                         break;
4614
4615                 case 'k':
4616                         arg_dry = true;
4617                         break;
4618
4619                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4620                         arg_no_wall = true;
4621                         break;
4622
4623                 case 't':
4624                 case 'a':
4625                         /* Compatibility nops */
4626                         break;
4627
4628                 case 'c':
4629                         arg_action = ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN;
4630                         break;
4631
4632                 case '?':
4633                         return -EINVAL;
4634
4635                 default:
4636                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4637                         return -EINVAL;
4638                 }
4639         }
4640
4641         if (argc > optind) {
4642                 if ((r = parse_time_spec(argv[optind], &arg_when)) < 0) {
4643                         log_error("Failed to parse time specification: %s", argv[optind]);
4644                         return r;
4645                 }
4646         } else
4647                 arg_when = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE;
4648
4649         /* We skip the time argument */
4650         if (argc > optind + 1)
4651                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
4652
4653         optind = argc;
4654
4655         return 1;
4656 }
4657
4658 static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4659
4660         enum {
4661                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4662                 ARG_NO_WALL
4663         };
4664
4665         static const struct option options[] = {
4666                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4667                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4668                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4669         };
4670
4671         static const struct {
4672                 char from;
4673                 enum action to;
4674         } table[] = {
4675                 { '0', ACTION_POWEROFF },
4676                 { '6', ACTION_REBOOT },
4677                 { '1', ACTION_RESCUE },
4678                 { '2', ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 },
4679                 { '3', ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 },
4680                 { '4', ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 },
4681                 { '5', ACTION_RUNLEVEL5 },
4682                 { 's', ACTION_RESCUE },
4683                 { 'S', ACTION_RESCUE },
4684                 { 'q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4685                 { 'Q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4686                 { 'u', ACTION_REEXEC },
4687                 { 'U', ACTION_REEXEC }
4688         };
4689
4690         unsigned i;
4691         int c;
4692
4693         assert(argc >= 0);
4694         assert(argv);
4695
4696         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4697                 switch (c) {
4698
4699                 case ARG_HELP:
4700                         telinit_help();
4701                         return 0;
4702
4703                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4704                         arg_no_wall = true;
4705                         break;
4706
4707                 case '?':
4708                         return -EINVAL;
4709
4710                 default:
4711                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4712                         return -EINVAL;
4713                 }
4714         }
4715
4716         if (optind >= argc) {
4717                 telinit_help();
4718                 return -EINVAL;
4719         }
4720
4721         if (optind + 1 < argc) {
4722                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4723                 return -EINVAL;
4724         }
4725
4726         if (strlen(argv[optind]) != 1) {
4727                 log_error("Expected single character argument.");
4728                 return -EINVAL;
4729         }
4730
4731         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
4732                 if (table[i].from == argv[optind][0])
4733                         break;
4734
4735         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
4736                 log_error("Unknown command %s.", argv[optind]);
4737                 return -EINVAL;
4738         }
4739
4740         arg_action = table[i].to;
4741
4742         optind ++;
4743
4744         return 1;
4745 }
4746
4747 static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4748
4749         enum {
4750                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4751         };
4752
4753         static const struct option options[] = {
4754                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4755                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4756         };
4757
4758         int c;
4759
4760         assert(argc >= 0);
4761         assert(argv);
4762
4763         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4764                 switch (c) {
4765
4766                 case ARG_HELP:
4767                         runlevel_help();
4768                         return 0;
4769
4770                 case '?':
4771                         return -EINVAL;
4772
4773                 default:
4774                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4775                         return -EINVAL;
4776                 }
4777         }
4778
4779         if (optind < argc) {
4780                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4781                 return -EINVAL;
4782         }
4783
4784         return 1;
4785 }
4786
4787 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4788         assert(argc >= 0);
4789         assert(argv);
4790
4791         if (program_invocation_short_name) {
4792
4793                 if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "halt")) {
4794                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4795                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4796                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "poweroff")) {
4797                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4798                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4799                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "reboot")) {
4800                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4801                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4802                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "shutdown")) {
4803                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4804                         return shutdown_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4805                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
4806
4807                         if (sd_booted() > 0) {
4808                                 arg_action = ACTION_INVALID;
4809                                 return telinit_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4810                         } else {
4811                                 /* Hmm, so some other init system is
4812                                  * running, we need to forward this
4813                                  * request to it. For now we simply
4814                                  * guess that it is Upstart. */
4815
4816                                 execv("/lib/upstart/telinit", argv);
4817
4818                                 log_error("Couldn't find an alternative telinit implementation to spawn.");
4819                                 return -EIO;
4820                         }
4821
4822                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "runlevel")) {
4823                         arg_action = ACTION_RUNLEVEL;
4824                         return runlevel_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4825                 }
4826         }
4827
4828         arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
4829         return systemctl_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4830 }
4831
4832 static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
4833
4834         static const char table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
4835                 [ACTION_HALT] =      '0',
4836                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] =  '0',
4837                 [ACTION_REBOOT] =    '6',
4838                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = '2',
4839                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = '3',
4840                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = '4',
4841                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = '5',
4842                 [ACTION_RESCUE] =    '1'
4843         };
4844
4845         assert(arg_action < _ACTION_MAX);
4846
4847         return table[arg_action];
4848 }
4849
4850 static int talk_upstart(void) {
4851         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
4852         DBusError error;
4853         int previous, rl, r;
4854         char
4855                 env1_buf[] = "RUNLEVEL=X",
4856                 env2_buf[] = "PREVLEVEL=X";
4857         char *env1 = env1_buf, *env2 = env2_buf;
4858         const char *emit = "runlevel";
4859         dbus_bool_t b_false = FALSE;
4860         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
4861         DBusConnection *bus;
4862
4863         dbus_error_init(&error);
4864
4865         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
4866                 return 0;
4867
4868         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&previous, NULL) < 0)
4869                 previous = 'N';
4870
4871         if (!(bus = dbus_connection_open_private("unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart", &error))) {
4872                 if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_SERVER)) {
4873                         r = 0;
4874                         goto finish;
4875                 }
4876
4877                 log_error("Failed to connect to Upstart bus: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
4878                 r = -EIO;
4879                 goto finish;
4880         }
4881
4882         if ((r = bus_check_peercred(bus)) < 0) {
4883                 log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
4884                 goto finish;
4885         }
4886
4887         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
4888                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart",
4889                               "/com/ubuntu/Upstart",
4890                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6",
4891                               "EmitEvent"))) {
4892
4893                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
4894                 r = -ENOMEM;
4895                 goto finish;
4896         }
4897
4898         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
4899
4900         env1_buf[sizeof(env1_buf)-2] = rl;
4901         env2_buf[sizeof(env2_buf)-2] = previous;
4902
4903         if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &emit) ||
4904             !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub) ||
4905             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env1) ||
4906             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env2) ||
4907             !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub) ||
4908             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b_false)) {
4909                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
4910                 r = -ENOMEM;
4911                 goto finish;
4912         }
4913
4914         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
4915
4916                 if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
4917                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
4918                         goto finish;
4919                 }
4920
4921                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
4922                 r = -EIO;
4923                 goto finish;
4924         }
4925
4926         r = 0;
4927
4928 finish:
4929         if (m)
4930                 dbus_message_unref(m);
4931
4932         if (reply)
4933                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
4934
4935         if (bus) {
4936                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
4937                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
4938                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
4939         }
4940
4941         dbus_error_free(&error);
4942
4943         return r;
4944 }
4945
4946 static int talk_initctl(void) {
4947         struct init_request request;
4948         int r, fd;
4949         char rl;
4950
4951         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
4952                 return 0;
4953
4954         zero(request);
4955         request.magic = INIT_MAGIC;
4956         request.sleeptime = 0;
4957         request.cmd = INIT_CMD_RUNLVL;
4958         request.runlevel = rl;
4959
4960         if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) {
4961
4962                 if (errno == ENOENT)
4963                         return 0;
4964
4965                 log_error("Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
4966                 return -errno;
4967         }
4968
4969         errno = 0;
4970         r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false) != sizeof(request);
4971         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4972
4973         if (r < 0) {
4974                 log_error("Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
4975                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4976         }
4977
4978         return 1;
4979 }
4980
4981 static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError *error) {
4982
4983         static const struct {
4984                 const char* verb;
4985                 const enum {
4986                         MORE,
4987                         LESS,
4988                         EQUAL
4989                 } argc_cmp;
4990                 const int argc;
4991                 int (* const dispatch)(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
4992         } verbs[] = {
4993                 { "list-units",            LESS,  1, list_units        },
4994                 { "list-jobs",             EQUAL, 1, list_jobs         },
4995                 { "clear-jobs",            EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
4996                 { "load",                  MORE,  2, load_unit         },
4997                 { "cancel",                MORE,  2, cancel_job        },
4998                 { "start",                 MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4999                 { "stop",                  MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5000                 { "reload",                MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5001                 { "restart",               MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5002                 { "try-restart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5003                 { "reload-or-restart",     MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5004                 { "reload-or-try-restart", MORE,  2, start_unit        },
5005                 { "force-reload",          MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with SysV */
5006                 { "condrestart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with RH */
5007                 { "isolate",               EQUAL, 2, start_unit        },
5008                 { "kill",                  MORE,  2, kill_unit         },
5009                 { "is-active",             MORE,  2, check_unit        },
5010                 { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit        },
5011                 { "show",                  MORE,  1, show              },
5012                 { "status",                MORE,  2, show              },
5013                 { "monitor",               EQUAL, 1, monitor           },
5014                 { "dump",                  EQUAL, 1, dump              },
5015                 { "dot",                   EQUAL, 1, dot               },
5016                 { "snapshot",              LESS,  2, snapshot          },
5017                 { "delete",                MORE,  2, delete_snapshot   },
5018                 { "daemon-reload",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5019                 { "daemon-reexec",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5020                 { "show-environment",      EQUAL, 1, show_enviroment   },
5021                 { "set-environment",       MORE,  2, set_environment   },
5022                 { "unset-environment",     MORE,  2, set_environment   },
5023                 { "halt",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5024                 { "poweroff",              EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5025                 { "reboot",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5026                 { "kexec",                 EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5027                 { "default",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5028                 { "rescue",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5029                 { "emergency",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5030                 { "exit",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5031                 { "reset-failed",          MORE,  1, reset_failed      },
5032                 { "enable",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
5033                 { "disable",               MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
5034                 { "is-enabled",            MORE,  2, enable_unit       }
5035         };
5036
5037         int left;
5038         unsigned i;
5039
5040         assert(argc >= 0);
5041         assert(argv);
5042         assert(error);
5043
5044         left = argc - optind;
5045
5046         if (left <= 0)
5047                 /* Special rule: no arguments means "list-units" */
5048                 i = 0;
5049         else {
5050                 if (streq(argv[optind], "help")) {
5051                         systemctl_help();
5052                         return 0;
5053                 }
5054
5055                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(verbs); i++)
5056                         if (streq(argv[optind], verbs[i].verb))
5057                                 break;
5058
5059                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
5060                         log_error("Unknown operation %s", argv[optind]);
5061                         return -EINVAL;
5062                 }
5063         }
5064
5065         switch (verbs[i].argc_cmp) {
5066
5067         case EQUAL:
5068                 if (left != verbs[i].argc) {
5069                         log_error("Invalid number of arguments.");
5070                         return -EINVAL;
5071                 }
5072
5073                 break;
5074
5075         case MORE:
5076                 if (left < verbs[i].argc) {
5077                         log_error("Too few arguments.");
5078                         return -EINVAL;
5079                 }
5080
5081                 break;
5082
5083         case LESS:
5084                 if (left > verbs[i].argc) {
5085                         log_error("Too many arguments.");
5086                         return -EINVAL;
5087                 }
5088
5089                 break;
5090
5091         default:
5092                 assert_not_reached("Unknown comparison operator.");
5093         }
5094
5095         /* Require a bus connection for all operations but
5096          * enable/disable */
5097         if (!streq(verbs[i].verb, "enable") &&
5098             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "disable") &&
5099             !bus) {
5100                 log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", error->message);
5101                 return -EIO;
5102         }
5103
5104         return verbs[i].dispatch(bus, argv + optind, left);
5105 }
5106
5107 static int send_shutdownd(usec_t t, char mode, bool warn, const char *message) {
5108         int fd = -1;
5109         struct msghdr msghdr;
5110         struct iovec iovec;
5111         union sockaddr_union sockaddr;
5112         struct shutdownd_command c;
5113
5114         zero(c);
5115         c.elapse = t;
5116         c.mode = mode;
5117         c.warn_wall = warn;
5118
5119         if (message)
5120                 strncpy(c.wall_message, message, sizeof(c.wall_message));
5121
5122         if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
5123                 return -errno;
5124
5125         zero(sockaddr);
5126         sockaddr.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
5127         sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] = 0;
5128         strncpy(sockaddr.un.sun_path+1, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/shutdownd", sizeof(sockaddr.un.sun_path)-1);
5129
5130         zero(iovec);
5131         iovec.iov_base = (char*) &c;
5132         iovec.iov_len = sizeof(c);
5133
5134         zero(msghdr);
5135         msghdr.msg_name = &sockaddr;
5136         msghdr.msg_namelen = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + sizeof("/org/freedesktop/systemd1/shutdownd") - 1;
5137
5138         msghdr.msg_iov = &iovec;
5139         msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
5140
5141         if (sendmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0) {
5142                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5143                 return -errno;
5144         }
5145
5146         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5147         return 0;
5148 }
5149
5150 static int reload_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5151
5152         if (bus) {
5153                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5154                 if (daemon_reload(bus, NULL, 0) > 0)
5155                         return 0;
5156         }
5157
5158         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
5159         assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
5160
5161         if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0) {
5162                 log_error("kill() failed: %m");
5163                 return -errno;
5164         }
5165
5166         return 0;
5167 }
5168
5169 static int start_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5170
5171         if (bus) {
5172                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5173                 if (start_unit(bus, NULL, 0) >= 0)
5174                         goto done;
5175         }
5176
5177         /* Hmm, talking to systemd via D-Bus didn't work. Then
5178          * let's try to talk to Upstart via D-Bus. */
5179         if (talk_upstart() > 0)
5180                 goto done;
5181
5182         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try
5183          * /dev/initctl */
5184         if (talk_initctl() > 0)
5185                 goto done;
5186
5187         log_error("Failed to talk to init daemon.");
5188         return -EIO;
5189
5190 done:
5191         warn_wall(arg_action);
5192         return 0;
5193 }
5194
5195 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
5196         int r;
5197
5198         if (geteuid() != 0) {
5199                 log_error("Must be root.");
5200                 return -EPERM;
5201         }
5202
5203         if (arg_when > 0) {
5204                 char *m;
5205                 char date[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
5206
5207                 m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
5208                 r = send_shutdownd(arg_when,
5209                                    arg_action == ACTION_HALT     ? 'H' :
5210                                    arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? 'P' :
5211                                                                    'r',
5212                                    !arg_no_wall,
5213                                    m);
5214                 free(m);
5215
5216                 if (r < 0)
5217                         log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, proceeding with immediate shutdown: %s", strerror(-r));
5218                 else {
5219                         log_info("Shutdown scheduled for %s, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.",
5220                                  format_timestamp(date, sizeof(date), arg_when));
5221                         return 0;
5222                 }
5223         }
5224
5225         if (!arg_dry && !arg_immediate)
5226                 return start_with_fallback(bus);
5227
5228         if (!arg_no_wtmp) {
5229                 if (sd_booted() > 0)
5230                         log_debug("Not writing utmp record, assuming that systemd-update-utmp is used.");
5231                 else if ((r = utmp_put_shutdown(0)) < 0)
5232                         log_warning("Failed to write utmp record: %s", strerror(-r));
5233         }
5234
5235         if (!arg_no_sync)
5236                 sync();
5237
5238         if (arg_dry)
5239                 return 0;
5240
5241         /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
5242          * point on... */
5243         reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
5244
5245         switch (arg_action) {
5246
5247         case ACTION_HALT:
5248                 log_info("Halting.");
5249                 reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
5250                 break;
5251
5252         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5253                 log_info("Powering off.");
5254                 reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
5255                 break;
5256
5257         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5258                 log_info("Rebooting.");
5259                 reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
5260                 break;
5261
5262         default:
5263                 assert_not_reached("Unknown halt action.");
5264         }
5265
5266         /* We should never reach this. */
5267         return -ENOSYS;
5268 }
5269
5270 static int runlevel_main(void) {
5271         int r, runlevel, previous;
5272
5273         if ((r = utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, &previous)) < 0) {
5274                 printf("unknown\n");
5275                 return r;
5276         }
5277
5278         printf("%c %c\n",
5279                previous <= 0 ? 'N' : previous,
5280                runlevel <= 0 ? 'N' : runlevel);
5281
5282         return 0;
5283 }
5284
5285 static void pager_open(void) {
5286         pid_t pid;
5287         int fd[2];
5288         const char *pager = getenv("PAGER");
5289
5290         if (!on_tty() || arg_no_pager)
5291                 return;
5292         if (!pager)
5293                 pager = "less";
5294         else if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
5295                 return;
5296
5297         if (pipe(fd) < 0)
5298                 return;
5299         pid = fork();
5300         if (pid < 0) {
5301                 close(fd[0]);
5302                 close(fd[1]);
5303                 return;
5304         }
5305
5306         /* Return in the child */
5307         if (!pid) {
5308                 dup2(fd[1], 1);
5309                 close(fd[0]);
5310                 close(fd[1]);
5311                 return;
5312         }
5313
5314         /* The original process turns into the PAGER */
5315         dup2(fd[0], 0);
5316         close(fd[0]);
5317         close(fd[1]);
5318
5319         setenv("LESS", "FRSX", 0);
5320         execlp(pager, pager, NULL);
5321         execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", pager, NULL);
5322
5323         log_error("unable to execute pager '%s'", pager);
5324         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5325 }
5326
5327 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
5328         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
5329         DBusConnection *bus = NULL;
5330         DBusError error;
5331
5332         dbus_error_init(&error);
5333
5334         log_parse_environment();
5335         log_open();
5336
5337         if ((r = parse_argv(argc, argv)) < 0)
5338                 goto finish;
5339         else if (r == 0) {
5340                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
5341                 goto finish;
5342         }
5343
5344         pager_open();
5345
5346         /* /sbin/runlevel doesn't need to communicate via D-Bus, so
5347          * let's shortcut this */
5348         if (arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL) {
5349                 r = runlevel_main();
5350                 retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5351                 goto finish;
5352         }
5353
5354         bus_connect(arg_user ? DBUS_BUS_SESSION : DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &bus, &private_bus, &error);
5355
5356         switch (arg_action) {
5357
5358         case ACTION_SYSTEMCTL:
5359                 r = systemctl_main(bus, argc, argv, &error);
5360                 break;
5361
5362         case ACTION_HALT:
5363         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5364         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5365                 r = halt_main(bus);
5366                 break;
5367
5368         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL2:
5369         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL3:
5370         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL4:
5371         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL5:
5372         case ACTION_RESCUE:
5373         case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
5374         case ACTION_DEFAULT:
5375                 r = start_with_fallback(bus);
5376                 break;
5377
5378         case ACTION_RELOAD:
5379         case ACTION_REEXEC:
5380                 r = reload_with_fallback(bus);
5381                 break;
5382
5383         case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN:
5384                 r = send_shutdownd(0, 0, false, NULL);
5385                 break;
5386
5387         case ACTION_INVALID:
5388         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
5389         default:
5390                 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
5391         }
5392
5393         retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5394
5395 finish:
5396
5397         if (bus) {
5398                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
5399                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
5400                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
5401         }
5402
5403         dbus_error_free(&error);
5404
5405         dbus_shutdown();
5406
5407         strv_free(arg_property);
5408
5409         return retval;
5410 }