src/systemctl.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include <getopt.h>
  25 #include <stdbool.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  29 #include <termios.h>
  30 #include <unistd.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <sys/socket.h>
  33 #include <sys/stat.h>
  34 #include <stddef.h>
  35 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  36
  37 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  38
  39 #include "log.h"
  40 #include "util.h"
  41 #include "macro.h"
  42 #include "set.h"
  43 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  44 #include "special.h"
  45 #include "initreq.h"
  46 #include "strv.h"
  47 #include "dbus-common.h"
  48 #include "cgroup-show.h"
  49 #include "cgroup-util.h"
  50 #include "list.h"
  51 #include "path-lookup.h"
  52 #include "conf-parser.h"
  53 #include "sd-daemon.h"
  54 #include "shutdownd.h"
  55 #include "exit-status.h"
  56 #include "bus-errors.h"
  57 #include "build.h"
  58 #include "unit-name.h"
  59
  60 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
  61 static char **arg_property = NULL;
  62 static bool arg_all = false;
  63 static bool arg_fail = false;
  64 static bool arg_user = false;
  65 static bool arg_global = false;
  66 static bool arg_immediate = false;
  67 static bool arg_no_block = false;
  68 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
  69 static bool arg_no_sync = false;
  70 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
  71 static bool arg_no_reload = false;
  72 static bool arg_dry = false;
  73 static bool arg_quiet = false;
  74 static bool arg_full = false;
  75 static bool arg_force = false;
  76 static bool arg_defaults = false;
  77 static bool arg_ask_password = false;
  78 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
  79 static const char *arg_kill_who = NULL;
  80 static const char *arg_kill_mode = NULL;
  81 static int arg_signal = SIGTERM;
  82 static usec_t arg_when = 0;
  83 static enum action {
  84         ACTION_INVALID,
  85         ACTION_SYSTEMCTL,
  86         ACTION_HALT,
  87         ACTION_POWEROFF,
  88         ACTION_REBOOT,
  89         ACTION_KEXEC,
  90         ACTION_EXIT,
  91         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
  92         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
  93         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
  94         ACTION_RUNLEVEL5,
  95         ACTION_RESCUE,
  96         ACTION_EMERGENCY,
  97         ACTION_DEFAULT,
  98         ACTION_RELOAD,
  99         ACTION_REEXEC,
 100         ACTION_RUNLEVEL,
 101         ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN,
 102         _ACTION_MAX
 103 } arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
 104 static enum dot {
 105         DOT_ALL,
 106         DOT_ORDER,
 107         DOT_REQUIRE
 108 } arg_dot = DOT_ALL;
 109
 110 static bool private_bus = false;
 111
 112 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
 113
 114 static bool on_tty(void) {
 115         static int t = -1;
 116
 117         if (_unlikely_(t < 0))
 118                 t = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
 119
 120         return t;
 121 }
 122
 123 static void spawn_ask_password_agent(void) {
 124         pid_t parent, child;
 125
 126         /* We check STDIN here, not STDOUT, since this is about input,
 127          * not output */
 128         if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO))
 129                 return;
 130
 131         if (!arg_ask_password)
 132                 return;
 133
 134         parent = getpid();
 135
 136         /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
 137          * we go away */
 138
 139         if ((child = fork()) < 0)
 140                 return;
 141
 142         if (child == 0) {
 143                 /* In the child */
 144
 145                 const char * const args[] = {
 146                         SYSTEMD_TTY_ASK_PASSWORD_AGENT_BINARY_PATH,
 147                         "--watch",
 148                         NULL
 149                 };
 150
 151                 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
 152                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 153
 154                 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
 155                  * to set the death signal */
 156                 if (getppid() != parent)
 157                         _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 158
 159                 execv(args[0], (char **) args);
 160                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 161         }
 162 }
 163
 164 static const char *ansi_highlight(bool b) {
 165
 166         if (!on_tty())
 167                 return "";
 168
 169         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 170 }
 171
 172 static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
 173
 174         if (!on_tty())
 175                 return "";
 176
 177         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 178 }
 179
 180 static bool error_is_no_service(const DBusError *error) {
 181         assert(error);
 182
 183         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 184                 return false;
 185
 186         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
 187                 return true;
 188
 189         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
 190                 return true;
 191
 192         return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
 193 }
 194
 195 static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
 196         assert(error);
 197
 198         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 199                 return r;
 200
 201         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) ||
 202             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_ONLY_BY_DEPENDENCY) ||
 203             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_ISOLATION) ||
 204             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_TRANSACTION_IS_DESTRUCTIVE))
 205                 return EXIT_NOPERMISSION;
 206
 207         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
 208                 return EXIT_NOTINSTALLED;
 209
 210         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_JOB_TYPE_NOT_APPLICABLE) ||
 211             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED))
 212                 return EXIT_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
 213
 214         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_LOAD_FAILED))
 215                 return EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED;
 216
 217         if (r != 0)
 218                 return r;
 219
 220         return EXIT_FAILURE;
 221 }
 222
 223 static int bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(DBusMessageIter *iter, int type, void *data, bool next) {
 224
 225         assert(iter);
 226         assert(data);
 227
 228         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) != type)
 229                 return -EIO;
 230
 231         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, data);
 232
 233         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(iter) != !next)
 234                 return -EIO;
 235
 236         return 0;
 237 }
 238
 239 static void warn_wall(enum action action) {
 240         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 241                 [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
 242                 [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
 243                 [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
 244                 [ACTION_KEXEC]     = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
 245                 [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
 246                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
 247         };
 248
 249         if (arg_no_wall)
 250                 return;
 251
 252         if (arg_wall) {
 253                 char *p;
 254
 255                 if (!(p = strv_join(arg_wall, " "))) {
 256                         log_error("Failed to join strings.");
 257                         return;
 258                 }
 259
 260                 if (*p) {
 261                         utmp_wall(p, NULL);
 262                         free(p);
 263                         return;
 264                 }
 265
 266                 free(p);
 267         }
 268
 269         if (!table[action])
 270                 return;
 271
 272         utmp_wall(table[action], NULL);
 273 }
 274
 275 struct unit_info {
 276         const char *id;
 277         const char *description;
 278         const char *load_state;
 279         const char *active_state;
 280         const char *sub_state;
 281         const char *following;
 282         const char *unit_path;
 283         uint32_t job_id;
 284         const char *job_type;
 285         const char *job_path;
 286 };
 287
 288 static int compare_unit_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
 289         const char *d1, *d2;
 290         const struct unit_info *u = a, *v = b;
 291
 292         d1 = strrchr(u->id, '.');
 293         d2 = strrchr(v->id, '.');
 294
 295         if (d1 && d2) {
 296                 int r;
 297
 298                 if ((r = strcasecmp(d1, d2)) != 0)
 299                         return r;
 300         }
 301
 302         return strcasecmp(u->id, v->id);
 303 }
 304
 305 static bool output_show_job(const struct unit_info *u) {
 306         const char *dot;
 307
 308         return (!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(u->id, '.')) &&
 309                               streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
 310                 (arg_all || !(streq(u->active_state, "inactive") || u->following[0]) || u->job_id > 0);
 311 }
 312
 313 static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
 314         unsigned active_len, sub_len, job_len, n_shown = 0;
 315         const struct unit_info *u;
 316
 317         active_len = sizeof("ACTIVE")-1;
 318         sub_len = sizeof("SUB")-1;
 319         job_len = sizeof("JOB")-1;
 320
 321         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 322                 if (!output_show_job(u))
 323                         continue;
 324
 325                 active_len = MAX(active_len, strlen(u->active_state));
 326                 sub_len = MAX(sub_len, strlen(u->sub_state));
 327                 if (u->job_id != 0)
 328                         job_len = MAX(job_len, strlen(u->job_type));
 329         }
 330
 331         if (on_tty()) {
 332                 printf("%-25s %-6s %-*s %-*s %-*s", "UNIT", "LOAD",
 333                        active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB", job_len, "JOB");
 334                 if (columns() >= 80+12 || arg_full)
 335                         printf(" %s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
 336                 else
 337                         printf("\n");
 338         }
 339
 340         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 341                 char *e;
 342                 int a = 0, b = 0;
 343                 const char *on_loaded, *off_loaded;
 344                 const char *on_active, *off_active;
 345
 346                 if (!output_show_job(u))
 347                         continue;
 348
 349                 n_shown++;
 350
 351                 if (!streq(u->load_state, "loaded") &&
 352                     !streq(u->load_state, "banned")) {
 353                         on_loaded = ansi_highlight(true);
 354                         off_loaded = ansi_highlight(false);
 355                 } else
 356                         on_loaded = off_loaded = "";
 357
 358                 if (streq(u->active_state, "failed")) {
 359                         on_active = ansi_highlight(true);
 360                         off_active = ansi_highlight(false);
 361                 } else
 362                         on_active = off_active = "";
 363
 364                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(u->id, 25, 33);
 365
 366                 printf("%-25s %s%-6s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s%n",
 367                        e ? e : u->id,
 368                        on_loaded, u->load_state, off_loaded,
 369                        on_active, active_len, u->active_state,
 370                        sub_len, u->sub_state, off_active,
 371                        &a);
 372
 373                 free(e);
 374
 375                 a -= strlen(on_loaded) + strlen(off_loaded);
 376                 a -= strlen(on_active) + strlen(off_active);
 377
 378                 if (u->job_id != 0)
 379                         printf(" %-*s", job_len, u->job_type);
 380                 else
 381                         b = 1 + job_len;
 382
 383                 if (a + b + 1 < columns()) {
 384                         if (u->job_id == 0)
 385                                 printf(" %-*s", job_len, "");
 386
 387                         if (arg_full)
 388                                 printf(" %s", u->description);
 389                         else
 390                                 printf(" %.*s", columns() - a - b - 1, u->description);
 391                 }
 392
 393                 fputs("\n", stdout);
 394         }
 395
 396         if (on_tty()) {
 397                 printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
 398                        "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
 399                        "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n"
 400                        "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n");
 401
 402                 if (arg_all)
 403                         printf("\n%u units listed.\n", n_shown);
 404                 else
 405                         printf("\n%u units listed. Pass --all to see inactive units, too.\n", n_shown);
 406         }
 407 }
 408
 409 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 410         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 411         DBusError error;
 412         int r;
 413         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 414         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
 415         struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
 416
 417         dbus_error_init(&error);
 418
 419         assert(bus);
 420
 421         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 422                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 423                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 424                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 425                               "ListUnits"))) {
 426                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 427                 return -ENOMEM;
 428         }
 429
 430         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 431                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 432                 r = -EIO;
 433                 goto finish;
 434         }
 435
 436         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 437             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 438             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 439                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 440                 r = -EIO;
 441                 goto finish;
 442         }
 443
 444         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 445
 446         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 447                 struct unit_info *u;
 448
 449                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 450                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 451                         r = -EIO;
 452                         goto finish;
 453                 }
 454
 455                 if (c >= n_units) {
 456                         struct unit_info *w;
 457
 458                         n_units = MAX(2*c, 16);
 459                         w = realloc(unit_infos, sizeof(struct unit_info) * n_units);
 460
 461                         if (!w) {
 462                                 log_error("Failed to allocate unit array.");
 463                                 r = -ENOMEM;
 464                                 goto finish;
 465                         }
 466
 467                         unit_infos = w;
 468                 }
 469
 470                 u = unit_infos+c;
 471
 472                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 473
 474                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->id, true) < 0 ||
 475                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->description, true) < 0 ||
 476                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->load_state, true) < 0 ||
 477                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->active_state, true) < 0 ||
 478                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 479                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->following, true) < 0 ||
 480                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->unit_path, true) < 0 ||
 481                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &u->job_id, true) < 0 ||
 482                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->job_type, true) < 0 ||
 483                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->job_path, false) < 0) {
 484                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 485                         r = -EIO;
 486                         goto finish;
 487                 }
 488
 489                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 490                 c++;
 491         }
 492
 493         qsort(unit_infos, c, sizeof(struct unit_info), compare_unit_info);
 494         output_units_list(unit_infos, c);
 495
 496         r = 0;
 497
 498 finish:
 499         if (m)
 500                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 501
 502         if (reply)
 503                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 504
 505         free(unit_infos);
 506
 507         dbus_error_free(&error);
 508
 509         return r;
 510 }
 511
 512 static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 513         static const char * const colors[] = {
 514                 "Requires",              "[color=\"black\"]",
 515                 "RequiresOverridable",   "[color=\"black\"]",
 516                 "Requisite",             "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 517                 "RequisiteOverridable",  "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 518                 "Wants",                 "[color=\"darkgrey\"]",
 519                 "Conflicts",             "[color=\"red\"]",
 520                 "ConflictedBy",          "[color=\"red\"]",
 521                 "After",                 "[color=\"green\"]"
 522         };
 523
 524         const char *c = NULL;
 525         unsigned i;
 526
 527         assert(name);
 528         assert(prop);
 529         assert(iter);
 530
 531         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(colors); i += 2)
 532                 if (streq(colors[i], prop)) {
 533                         c = colors[i+1];
 534                         break;
 535                 }
 536
 537         if (!c)
 538                 return 0;
 539
 540         if (arg_dot != DOT_ALL)
 541                 if ((arg_dot == DOT_ORDER) != streq(prop, "After"))
 542                         return 0;
 543
 544         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
 545
 546         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
 547
 548                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
 549                         DBusMessageIter sub;
 550
 551                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
 552
 553                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 554                                 const char *s;
 555
 556                                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
 557                                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
 558                                 printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" %s;\n", name, s, c);
 559
 560                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 561                         }
 562
 563                         return 0;
 564                 }
 565         }
 566
 567         return 0;
 568 }
 569
 570 static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
 571         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 572         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit";
 573         int r;
 574         DBusError error;
 575         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 576
 577         assert(bus);
 578         assert(path);
 579
 580         dbus_error_init(&error);
 581
 582         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 583                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 584                               path,
 585                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 586                               "GetAll"))) {
 587                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 588                 r = -ENOMEM;
 589                 goto finish;
 590         }
 591
 592         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 593                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
 594                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 595                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 596                 r = -ENOMEM;
 597                 goto finish;
 598         }
 599
 600         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 601                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 602                 r = -EIO;
 603                 goto finish;
 604         }
 605
 606         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 607             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 608             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
 609                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 610                 r = -EIO;
 611                 goto finish;
 612         }
 613
 614         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 615
 616         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 617                 const char *prop;
 618
 619                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
 620                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 621                         r = -EIO;
 622                         goto finish;
 623                 }
 624
 625                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 626
 627                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop, true) < 0) {
 628                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 629                         r = -EIO;
 630                         goto finish;
 631                 }
 632
 633                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
 634                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 635                         r = -EIO;
 636                         goto finish;
 637                 }
 638
 639                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
 640
 641                 if (dot_one_property(name, prop, &sub3)) {
 642                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 643                         r = -EIO;
 644                         goto finish;
 645                 }
 646
 647                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 648         }
 649
 650         r = 0;
 651
 652 finish:
 653         if (m)
 654                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 655
 656         if (reply)
 657                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 658
 659         dbus_error_free(&error);
 660
 661         return r;
 662 }
 663
 664 static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 665         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 666         DBusError error;
 667         int r;
 668         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 669
 670         dbus_error_init(&error);
 671
 672         assert(bus);
 673
 674         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 675                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 676                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 677                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 678                               "ListUnits"))) {
 679                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 680                 return -ENOMEM;
 681         }
 682
 683         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 684                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 685                 r = -EIO;
 686                 goto finish;
 687         }
 688
 689         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 690             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 691             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 692                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 693                 r = -EIO;
 694                 goto finish;
 695         }
 696
 697         printf("digraph systemd {\n");
 698
 699         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 700         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 701                 const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *following, *unit_path;
 702
 703                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 704                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 705                         r = -EIO;
 706                         goto finish;
 707                 }
 708
 709                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 710
 711                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
 712                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
 713                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
 714                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
 715                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 716                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &following, true) < 0 ||
 717                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, true) < 0) {
 718                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 719                         r = -EIO;
 720                         goto finish;
 721                 }
 722
 723                 if ((r = dot_one(bus, id, unit_path)) < 0)
 724                         goto finish;
 725
 726                 /* printf("\t\"%s\";\n", id); */
 727                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 728         }
 729
 730         printf("}\n");
 731
 732         log_info("   Color legend: black     = Requires\n"
 733                  "                 dark blue = Requisite\n"
 734                  "                 dark grey = Wants\n"
 735                  "                 red       = Conflicts\n"
 736                  "                 green     = After\n");
 737
 738         if (isatty(fileno(stdout)))
 739                 log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
 740                            "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");
 741
 742         r = 0;
 743
 744 finish:
 745         if (m)
 746                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 747
 748         if (reply)
 749                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 750
 751         dbus_error_free(&error);
 752
 753         return r;
 754 }
 755
 756 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 757         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 758         DBusError error;
 759         int r;
 760         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 761         unsigned k = 0;
 762
 763         dbus_error_init(&error);
 764
 765         assert(bus);
 766
 767         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 768                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 769                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 770                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 771                               "ListJobs"))) {
 772                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 773                 return -ENOMEM;
 774         }
 775
 776         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 777                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 778                 r = -EIO;
 779                 goto finish;
 780         }
 781
 782         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 783             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 784             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 785                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 786                 r = -EIO;
 787                 goto finish;
 788         }
 789
 790         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 791
 792         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
 793                 printf("%4s %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", "JOB", "UNIT", "TYPE", "STATE");
 794
 795         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 796                 const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
 797                 uint32_t id;
 798                 char *e;
 799
 800                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 801                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 802                         r = -EIO;
 803                         goto finish;
 804                 }
 805
 806                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 807
 808                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id, true) < 0 ||
 809                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0 ||
 810                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) < 0 ||
 811                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, true) < 0 ||
 812                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, true) < 0 ||
 813                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, false) < 0) {
 814                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 815                         r = -EIO;
 816                         goto finish;
 817                 }
 818
 819                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(name, 25, 33);
 820                 printf("%4u %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", id, e ? e : name, type, state);
 821                 free(e);
 822
 823                 k++;
 824
 825                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 826         }
 827
 828         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
 829                 printf("\n%u jobs listed.\n", k);
 830
 831         r = 0;
 832
 833 finish:
 834         if (m)
 835                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 836
 837         if (reply)
 838                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 839
 840         dbus_error_free(&error);
 841
 842         return r;
 843 }
 844
 845 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 846         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 847         DBusError error;
 848         int r;
 849         unsigned i;
 850
 851         dbus_error_init(&error);
 852
 853         assert(bus);
 854         assert(args);
 855
 856         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 857
 858                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 859                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 860                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 861                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 862                                       "LoadUnit"))) {
 863                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 864                         r = -ENOMEM;
 865                         goto finish;
 866                 }
 867
 868                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 869                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
 870                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 871                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 872                         r = -ENOMEM;
 873                         goto finish;
 874                 }
 875
 876                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 877                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 878                         r = -EIO;
 879                         goto finish;
 880                 }
 881
 882                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 883                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 884
 885                 m = reply = NULL;
 886         }
 887
 888         r = 0;
 889
 890 finish:
 891         if (m)
 892                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 893
 894         if (reply)
 895                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 896
 897         dbus_error_free(&error);
 898
 899         return r;
 900 }
 901
 902 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 903         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 904         DBusError error;
 905         int r;
 906         unsigned i;
 907
 908         dbus_error_init(&error);
 909
 910         assert(bus);
 911         assert(args);
 912
 913         if (n <= 1)
 914                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
 915
 916         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 917                 unsigned id;
 918                 const char *path;
 919
 920                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 921                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 922                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 923                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 924                                       "GetJob"))) {
 925                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 926                         r = -ENOMEM;
 927                         goto finish;
 928                 }
 929
 930                 if ((r = safe_atou(args[i], &id)) < 0) {
 931                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
 932                         goto finish;
 933                 }
 934
 935                 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
 936                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 937                                               DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 938                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 939                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 940                         r = -ENOMEM;
 941                         goto finish;
 942                 }
 943
 944                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 945                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 946                         r = -EIO;
 947                         goto finish;
 948                 }
 949
 950                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 951                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 952                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 953                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 954                         r = -EIO;
 955                         goto finish;
 956                 }
 957
 958                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 959                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 960                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 961                                       path,
 962                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
 963                                       "Cancel"))) {
 964                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 965                         r = -ENOMEM;
 966                         goto finish;
 967                 }
 968
 969                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 970                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 971                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
 972                         r = -EIO;
 973                         goto finish;
 974                 }
 975
 976                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 977                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 978                 m = reply = NULL;
 979         }
 980
 981         r = 0;
 982
 983 finish:
 984         if (m)
 985                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 986
 987         if (reply)
 988                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 989
 990         dbus_error_free(&error);
 991
 992         return r;
 993 }
 994
 995 static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
 996         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 997         dbus_bool_t b = FALSE;
 998         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
 999         const char
1000                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1001                 *property = "NeedDaemonReload",
1002                 *path;
1003
1004         /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a warning only */
1005
1006         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1007                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1008                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1009                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1010                               "GetUnit")))
1011                 goto finish;
1012
1013         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1014                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
1015                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1016                 goto finish;
1017
1018         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
1019                 goto finish;
1020
1021         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
1022                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1023                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1024                 goto finish;
1025
1026         dbus_message_unref(m);
1027         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1028                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1029                               path,
1030                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1031                               "Get")))
1032                 goto finish;
1033
1034         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1035                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1036                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1037                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1038                 goto finish;
1039         }
1040
1041         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1042         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
1043                 goto finish;
1044
1045         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1046             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
1047                 goto finish;
1048
1049         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1050
1051         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN)
1052                 goto finish;
1053
1054         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &b);
1055
1056 finish:
1057         if (m)
1058                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1059
1060         if (reply)
1061                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1062
1063         return b;
1064 }
1065
1066 typedef struct WaitData {
1067         Set *set;
1068         bool failed;
1069 } WaitData;
1070
1071 static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
1072         DBusError error;
1073         WaitData *d = data;
1074
1075         assert(connection);
1076         assert(message);
1077         assert(d);
1078
1079         dbus_error_init(&error);
1080
1081         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
1082                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
1083                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
1084                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
1085
1086         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
1087                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
1088                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
1089
1090         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
1091                 uint32_t id;
1092                 const char *path;
1093                 dbus_bool_t success = true;
1094
1095                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1096                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1097                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1098                                            DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
1099                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1100                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1101                 else {
1102                         char *p;
1103
1104                         if ((p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path)))
1105                                 free(p);
1106
1107                         if (!success)
1108                                 d->failed = true;
1109                 }
1110         }
1111
1112         dbus_error_free(&error);
1113         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
1114 }
1115
1116 static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
1117         DBusError error;
1118
1119         assert(bus);
1120
1121         if (private_bus)
1122                 return 0;
1123
1124         dbus_error_init(&error);
1125         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1126                            "type='signal',"
1127                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1128                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
1129                            "member='JobRemoved',"
1130                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
1131                            &error);
1132
1133         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1134                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1135                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1136                 return -EIO;
1137         }
1138
1139         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the match registrations. */
1140         return 0;
1141 }
1142
1143 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
1144         int r;
1145         WaitData d;
1146
1147         assert(bus);
1148         assert(s);
1149
1150         zero(d);
1151         d.set = s;
1152         d.failed = false;
1153
1154         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
1155                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
1156                 r = -ENOMEM;
1157                 goto finish;
1158         }
1159
1160         while (!set_isempty(s) &&
1161                dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
1162                 ;
1163
1164         if (!arg_quiet && d.failed)
1165                 log_error("Job failed. See system logs and 'systemctl status' for details.");
1166
1167         r = d.failed ? -EIO : 0;
1168
1169 finish:
1170         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
1171
1172         return r;
1173 }
1174
1175 static int start_unit_one(
1176                 DBusConnection *bus,
1177                 const char *method,
1178                 const char *name,
1179                 const char *mode,
1180                 DBusError *error,
1181                 Set *s) {
1182
1183         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1184         const char *path;
1185         int r;
1186
1187         assert(bus);
1188         assert(method);
1189         assert(name);
1190         assert(mode);
1191         assert(error);
1192         assert(arg_no_block || s);
1193
1194         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1195                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1196                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1197                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1198                               method))) {
1199                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1200                 r = -ENOMEM;
1201                 goto finish;
1202         }
1203
1204         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1205                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
1206                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
1207                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1208                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1209                 r = -ENOMEM;
1210                 goto finish;
1211         }
1212
1213         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, error))) {
1214
1215                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(error)) {
1216                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
1217                          * legacy actions. */
1218                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
1219                         goto finish;
1220                 }
1221
1222                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1223                 r = -EIO;
1224                 goto finish;
1225         }
1226
1227         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, error,
1228                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1229                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1230                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1231                 r = -EIO;
1232                 goto finish;
1233         }
1234
1235         if (need_daemon_reload(bus, name))
1236                 log_warning("Unit file of created job changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
1237                             arg_user ? "--user" : "--system");
1238
1239         if (!arg_no_block) {
1240                 char *p;
1241
1242                 if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1243                         log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
1244                         r = -ENOMEM;
1245                         goto finish;
1246                 }
1247
1248                 if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
1249                         free(p);
1250                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
1251                         goto finish;
1252                 }
1253         }
1254
1255         r = 0;
1256
1257 finish:
1258         if (m)
1259                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1260
1261         if (reply)
1262                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1263
1264         return r;
1265 }
1266
1267 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
1268         if (streq(verb, "halt"))
1269                 return ACTION_HALT;
1270         else if (streq(verb, "poweroff"))
1271                 return ACTION_POWEROFF;
1272         else if (streq(verb, "reboot"))
1273                 return ACTION_REBOOT;
1274         else if (streq(verb, "kexec"))
1275                 return ACTION_KEXEC;
1276         else if (streq(verb, "rescue"))
1277                 return ACTION_RESCUE;
1278         else if (streq(verb, "emergency"))
1279                 return ACTION_EMERGENCY;
1280         else if (streq(verb, "default"))
1281                 return ACTION_DEFAULT;
1282         else if (streq(verb, "exit"))
1283                 return ACTION_EXIT;
1284         else
1285                 return ACTION_INVALID;
1286 }
1287
1288 static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1289
1290         static const char * const table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
1291                 [ACTION_HALT] = SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,
1292                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] = SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,
1293                 [ACTION_REBOOT] = SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,
1294                 [ACTION_KEXEC] = SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET,
1295                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
1296                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
1297                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
1298                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
1299                 [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
1300                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
1301                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,
1302                 [ACTION_EXIT] = SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET
1303         };
1304
1305         int r, ret = 0;
1306         unsigned i;
1307         const char *method, *mode, *one_name;
1308         Set *s = NULL;
1309         DBusError error;
1310
1311         dbus_error_init(&error);
1312
1313         assert(bus);
1314
1315         spawn_ask_password_agent();
1316
1317         if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
1318                 method =
1319                         streq(args[0], "stop")                  ? "StopUnit" :
1320                         streq(args[0], "reload")                ? "ReloadUnit" :
1321                         streq(args[0], "restart")               ? "RestartUnit" :
1322                         streq(args[0], "try-restart")           ||
1323                         streq(args[0], "condrestart")           ? "TryRestartUnit" :
1324                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-restart")     ? "ReloadOrRestartUnit" :
1325                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-try-restart") ||
1326                         streq(args[0], "force-reload")          ? "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" :
1327                                                                   "StartUnit";
1328
1329                 mode =
1330                         (streq(args[0], "isolate") ||
1331                          streq(args[0], "rescue")  ||
1332                          streq(args[0], "emergency")) ? "isolate" :
1333                                              arg_fail ? "fail" :
1334                                                         "replace";
1335
1336                 one_name = table[verb_to_action(args[0])];
1337
1338         } else {
1339                 assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(table));
1340                 assert(table[arg_action]);
1341
1342                 method = "StartUnit";
1343
1344                 mode = (arg_action == ACTION_EMERGENCY ||
1345                         arg_action == ACTION_RESCUE ||
1346                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 ||
1347                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 ||
1348                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 ||
1349                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL5) ? "isolate" : "replace";
1350
1351                 one_name = table[arg_action];
1352         }
1353
1354         if (!arg_no_block) {
1355                 if ((ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
1356                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-ret));
1357                         goto finish;
1358                 }
1359
1360                 if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
1361                         log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
1362                         ret = -ENOMEM;
1363                         goto finish;
1364                 }
1365         }
1366
1367         if (one_name) {
1368                 if ((ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s)) <= 0)
1369                         goto finish;
1370         } else {
1371                 for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
1372                         if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, args[i], mode, &error, s)) != 0) {
1373                                 ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(r, &error);
1374                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1375                         }
1376         }
1377
1378         if (!arg_no_block)
1379                 if ((r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s)) < 0) {
1380                         ret = r;
1381                         goto finish;
1382                 }
1383
1384 finish:
1385         if (s)
1386                 set_free_free(s);
1387
1388         dbus_error_free(&error);
1389
1390         return ret;
1391 }
1392
1393 static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1394         int r;
1395
1396         assert(bus);
1397         assert(args);
1398
1399         if (arg_force &&
1400             (streq(args[0], "halt") ||
1401              streq(args[0], "poweroff") ||
1402              streq(args[0], "reboot") ||
1403              streq(args[0], "kexec") ||
1404              streq(args[0], "exit")))
1405                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
1406
1407         r = start_unit(bus, args, n);
1408
1409         if (r >= 0)
1410                 warn_wall(verb_to_action(args[0]));
1411
1412         return r;
1413 }
1414
1415 static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1416         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1417         const char
1418                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1419                 *property = "ActiveState";
1420         int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
1421         DBusError error;
1422         unsigned i;
1423
1424         assert(bus);
1425         assert(args);
1426
1427         dbus_error_init(&error);
1428
1429         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1430                 const char *path = NULL;
1431                 const char *state;
1432                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1433
1434                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1435                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1436                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1437                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1438                                       "GetUnit"))) {
1439                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1440                         r = -ENOMEM;
1441                         goto finish;
1442                 }
1443
1444                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1445                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1446                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1447                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1448                         r = -ENOMEM;
1449                         goto finish;
1450                 }
1451
1452                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1453
1454                         /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
1455                         if (!arg_quiet)
1456                                 puts("unknown");
1457
1458                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1459                         dbus_message_unref(m);
1460                         continue;
1461                 }
1462
1463                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1464                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1465                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1466                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1467                         r = -EIO;
1468                         goto finish;
1469                 }
1470
1471                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1472                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1473                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1474                                       path,
1475                                       "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1476                                       "Get"))) {
1477                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1478                         r = -ENOMEM;
1479                         goto finish;
1480                 }
1481
1482                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1483                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1484                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1485                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1486                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1487                         r = -ENOMEM;
1488                         goto finish;
1489                 }
1490
1491                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1492                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1493                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1494                         r = -EIO;
1495                         goto finish;
1496                 }
1497
1498                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1499                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1500                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1501                         r = -EIO;
1502                         goto finish;
1503                 }
1504
1505                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1506
1507                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1508                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1509                         r = -EIO;
1510                         goto finish;
1511                 }
1512
1513                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
1514
1515                 if (!arg_quiet)
1516                         puts(state);
1517
1518                 if (streq(state, "active") || streq(state, "reloading"))
1519                         r = 0;
1520
1521                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1522                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1523                 m = reply = NULL;
1524         }
1525
1526 finish:
1527         if (m)
1528                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1529
1530         if (reply)
1531                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1532
1533         dbus_error_free(&error);
1534
1535         return r;
1536 }
1537
1538 static int kill_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1539         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1540         int r = 0;
1541         DBusError error;
1542         unsigned i;
1543
1544         assert(bus);
1545         assert(args);
1546
1547         dbus_error_init(&error);
1548
1549         if (!arg_kill_who)
1550                 arg_kill_who = "all";
1551
1552         if (!arg_kill_mode)
1553                 arg_kill_mode = streq(arg_kill_who, "all") ? "control-group" : "process";
1554
1555         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1556
1557                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1558                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1559                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1560                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1561                                       "KillUnit"))) {
1562                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1563                         r = -ENOMEM;
1564                         goto finish;
1565                 }
1566
1567                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1568                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1569                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
1570                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_mode,
1571                                               DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
1572                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1573                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1574                         r = -ENOMEM;
1575                         goto finish;
1576                 }
1577
1578                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1579                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1580                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1581                         r = -EIO;
1582                 }
1583
1584                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1585
1586                 if (reply)
1587                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1588                 m = reply = NULL;
1589         }
1590
1591 finish:
1592         if (m)
1593                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1594
1595         if (reply)
1596                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1597
1598         dbus_error_free(&error);
1599
1600         return r;
1601 }
1602
1603 typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
1604         char *path;
1605         char **argv;
1606
1607         bool ignore;
1608
1609         usec_t start_timestamp;
1610         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1611         pid_t pid;
1612         int code;
1613         int status;
1614
1615         LIST_FIELDS(struct ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1616 } ExecStatusInfo;
1617
1618 static void exec_status_info_free(ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1619         assert(i);
1620
1621         free(i->path);
1622         strv_free(i->argv);
1623         free(i);
1624 }
1625
1626 static int exec_status_info_deserialize(DBusMessageIter *sub, ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1627         uint64_t start_timestamp, exit_timestamp;
1628         DBusMessageIter sub2, sub3;
1629         const char*path;
1630         unsigned n;
1631         uint32_t pid;
1632         int32_t code, status;
1633         dbus_bool_t ignore;
1634
1635         assert(i);
1636         assert(i);
1637
1638         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
1639                 return -EIO;
1640
1641         dbus_message_iter_recurse(sub, &sub2);
1642
1643         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, true) < 0)
1644                 return -EIO;
1645
1646         if (!(i->path = strdup(path)))
1647                 return -ENOMEM;
1648
1649         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1650             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
1651                 return -EIO;
1652
1653         n = 0;
1654         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1655         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1656                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1657                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1658                 n++;
1659         }
1660
1661
1662         if (!(i->argv = new0(char*, n+1)))
1663                 return -ENOMEM;
1664
1665         n = 0;
1666         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1667         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1668                 const char *s;
1669
1670                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1671                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub3, &s);
1672                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1673
1674                 if (!(i->argv[n++] = strdup(s)))
1675                         return -ENOMEM;
1676         }
1677
1678         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2) ||
1679             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &ignore, true) < 0 ||
1680             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &start_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1681             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &exit_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1682             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid, true) < 0 ||
1683             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &code, true) < 0 ||
1684             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &status, false) < 0)
1685                 return -EIO;
1686
1687         i->ignore = ignore;
1688         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) start_timestamp;
1689         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) exit_timestamp;
1690         i->pid = (pid_t) pid;
1691         i->code = code;
1692         i->status = status;
1693
1694         return 0;
1695 }
1696
1697 typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
1698         const char *id;
1699         const char *load_state;
1700         const char *active_state;
1701         const char *sub_state;
1702
1703         const char *description;
1704         const char *following;
1705
1706         const char *path;
1707         const char *default_control_group;
1708
1709         usec_t inactive_exit_timestamp;
1710         usec_t active_enter_timestamp;
1711         usec_t active_exit_timestamp;
1712         usec_t inactive_enter_timestamp;
1713
1714         bool need_daemon_reload;
1715
1716         /* Service */
1717         pid_t main_pid;
1718         pid_t control_pid;
1719         const char *status_text;
1720         bool running:1;
1721 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1722         bool is_sysv:1;
1723 #endif
1724
1725         usec_t start_timestamp;
1726         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1727
1728         int exit_code, exit_status;
1729
1730         /* Socket */
1731         unsigned n_accepted;
1732         unsigned n_connections;
1733         bool accept;
1734
1735         /* Device */
1736         const char *sysfs_path;
1737
1738         /* Mount, Automount */
1739         const char *where;
1740
1741         /* Swap */
1742         const char *what;
1743
1744         LIST_HEAD(ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1745 } UnitStatusInfo;
1746
1747 static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
1748         ExecStatusInfo *p;
1749         const char *on, *off, *ss;
1750         usec_t timestamp;
1751         char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_PRETTY_MAX], *s1;
1752         char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
1753
1754         assert(i);
1755
1756         /* This shows pretty information about a unit. See
1757          * print_property() for a low-level property printer */
1758
1759         printf("%s", strna(i->id));
1760
1761         if (i->description && !streq_ptr(i->id, i->description))
1762                 printf(" - %s", i->description);
1763
1764         printf("\n");
1765
1766         if (i->following)
1767                 printf("\t  Follow: unit currently follows state of %s\n", i->following);
1768
1769         if (streq_ptr(i->load_state, "failed") ||
1770             streq_ptr(i->load_state, "banned")) {
1771                 on = ansi_highlight(true);
1772                 off = ansi_highlight(false);
1773         } else
1774                 on = off = "";
1775
1776         if (i->path)
1777                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->path);
1778         else
1779                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off);
1780
1781         ss = streq_ptr(i->active_state, i->sub_state) ? NULL : i->sub_state;
1782
1783         if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed")) {
1784                 on = ansi_highlight(true);
1785                 off = ansi_highlight(false);
1786         } else if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active") || streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading")) {
1787                 on = ansi_highlight_green(true);
1788                 off = ansi_highlight_green(false);
1789         } else
1790                 on = off = "";
1791
1792         if (ss)
1793                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s (%s)%s",
1794                        on,
1795                        strna(i->active_state),
1796                        ss,
1797                        off);
1798         else
1799                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s%s",
1800                        on,
1801                        strna(i->active_state),
1802                        off);
1803
1804         timestamp = (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active")      ||
1805                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading"))   ? i->active_enter_timestamp :
1806                     (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "inactive")    ||
1807                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed"))      ? i->inactive_enter_timestamp :
1808                     streq_ptr(i->active_state, "activating")    ? i->inactive_exit_timestamp :
1809                                                                   i->active_exit_timestamp;
1810
1811         s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
1812         s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), timestamp);
1813
1814         if (s1)
1815                 printf(" since %s; %s\n", s2, s1);
1816         else if (s2)
1817                 printf(" since %s\n", s2);
1818         else
1819                 printf("\n");
1820
1821         if (i->sysfs_path)
1822                 printf("\t  Device: %s\n", i->sysfs_path);
1823         if (i->where)
1824                 printf("\t   Where: %s\n", i->where);
1825         if (i->what)
1826                 printf("\t    What: %s\n", i->what);
1827
1828         if (i->accept)
1829                 printf("\tAccepted: %u; Connected: %u\n", i->n_accepted, i->n_connections);
1830
1831         LIST_FOREACH(exec, p, i->exec) {
1832                 char *t;
1833
1834                 /* Only show exited processes here */
1835                 if (p->code == 0)
1836                         continue;
1837
1838                 t = strv_join(p->argv, " ");
1839                 printf("\t Process: %u (%s, code=%s, ", p->pid, strna(t), sigchld_code_to_string(p->code));
1840                 free(t);
1841
1842                 if (p->code == CLD_EXITED) {
1843                         const char *c;
1844
1845                         printf("status=%i", p->status);
1846
1847 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1848                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1849 #else
1850                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1851 #endif
1852                                 printf("/%s", c);
1853
1854                 } else
1855                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(p->status));
1856                 printf(")\n");
1857
1858                 if (i->main_pid == p->pid &&
1859                     i->start_timestamp == p->start_timestamp &&
1860                     i->exit_timestamp == p->start_timestamp)
1861                         /* Let's not show this twice */
1862                         i->main_pid = 0;
1863
1864                 if (p->pid == i->control_pid)
1865                         i->control_pid = 0;
1866         }
1867
1868         if (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0) {
1869                 printf("\t");
1870
1871                 if (i->main_pid > 0) {
1872                         printf("Main PID: %u", (unsigned) i->main_pid);
1873
1874                         if (i->running) {
1875                                 char *t = NULL;
1876                                 get_process_name(i->main_pid, &t);
1877                                 if (t) {
1878                                         printf(" (%s)", t);
1879                                         free(t);
1880                                 }
1881                         } else if (i->exit_code > 0) {
1882                                 printf(" (code=%s, ", sigchld_code_to_string(i->exit_code));
1883
1884                                 if (i->exit_code == CLD_EXITED) {
1885                                         const char *c;
1886
1887                                         printf("status=%i", i->exit_status);
1888
1889 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1890                                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, i->is_sysv ? EXIT_STATUS_LSB : EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1891 #else
1892                                         if ((c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD)))
1893 #endif
1894                                                 printf("/%s", c);
1895
1896                                 } else
1897                                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(i->exit_status));
1898                                 printf(")");
1899                         }
1900                 }
1901
1902                 if (i->main_pid > 0 && i->control_pid > 0)
1903                         printf(";");
1904
1905                 if (i->control_pid > 0) {
1906                         char *t = NULL;
1907
1908                         printf(" Control: %u", (unsigned) i->control_pid);
1909
1910                         get_process_name(i->control_pid, &t);
1911                         if (t) {
1912                                 printf(" (%s)", t);
1913                                 free(t);
1914                         }
1915                 }
1916
1917                 printf("\n");
1918         }
1919
1920         if (i->status_text)
1921                 printf("\t  Status: \"%s\"\n", i->status_text);
1922
1923         if (i->default_control_group) {
1924                 unsigned c;
1925
1926                 printf("\t  CGroup: %s\n", i->default_control_group);
1927
1928                 if ((c = columns()) > 18)
1929                         c -= 18;
1930                 else
1931                         c = 0;
1932
1933                 show_cgroup_by_path(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c);
1934         }
1935
1936         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
1937                 printf("\n%sWarning:%s Unit file changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.\n",
1938                        ansi_highlight(true),
1939                        ansi_highlight(false),
1940                        arg_user ? "--user" : "--system");
1941 }
1942
1943 static int status_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter, UnitStatusInfo *i) {
1944
1945         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
1946
1947         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
1948                 const char *s;
1949
1950                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
1951
1952                 if (s[0]) {
1953                         if (streq(name, "Id"))
1954                                 i->id = s;
1955                         else if (streq(name, "LoadState"))
1956                                 i->load_state = s;
1957                         else if (streq(name, "ActiveState"))
1958                                 i->active_state = s;
1959                         else if (streq(name, "SubState"))
1960                                 i->sub_state = s;
1961                         else if (streq(name, "Description"))
1962                                 i->description = s;
1963                         else if (streq(name, "FragmentPath"))
1964                                 i->path = s;
1965 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1966                         else if (streq(name, "SysVPath")) {
1967                                 i->is_sysv = true;
1968                                 i->path = s;
1969                         }
1970 #endif
1971                         else if (streq(name, "DefaultControlGroup"))
1972                                 i->default_control_group = s;
1973                         else if (streq(name, "StatusText"))
1974                                 i->status_text = s;
1975                         else if (streq(name, "SysFSPath"))
1976                                 i->sysfs_path = s;
1977                         else if (streq(name, "Where"))
1978                                 i->where = s;
1979                         else if (streq(name, "What"))
1980                                 i->what = s;
1981                         else if (streq(name, "Following"))
1982                                 i->following = s;
1983                 }
1984
1985                 break;
1986         }
1987
1988         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
1989                 dbus_bool_t b;
1990
1991                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
1992
1993                 if (streq(name, "Accept"))
1994                         i->accept = b;
1995                 else if (streq(name, "NeedDaemonReload"))
1996                         i->need_daemon_reload = b;
1997
1998                 break;
1999         }
2000
2001         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
2002                 uint32_t u;
2003
2004                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2005
2006                 if (streq(name, "MainPID")) {
2007                         if (u > 0) {
2008                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2009                                 i->running = true;
2010                         }
2011                 } else if (streq(name, "ControlPID"))
2012                         i->control_pid = (pid_t) u;
2013                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainPID")) {
2014                         if (u > 0)
2015                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2016                 } else if (streq(name, "NAccepted"))
2017                         i->n_accepted = u;
2018                 else if (streq(name, "NConnections"))
2019                         i->n_connections = u;
2020
2021                 break;
2022         }
2023
2024         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
2025                 int32_t j;
2026
2027                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &j);
2028
2029                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainCode"))
2030                         i->exit_code = (int) j;
2031                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainStatus"))
2032                         i->exit_status = (int) j;
2033
2034                 break;
2035         }
2036
2037         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
2038                 uint64_t u;
2039
2040                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2041
2042                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainStartTimestamp"))
2043                         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2044                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainExitTimestamp"))
2045                         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2046                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveEnterTimestamp"))
2047                         i->active_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2048                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveEnterTimestamp"))
2049                         i->inactive_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2050                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveExitTimestamp"))
2051                         i->inactive_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2052                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveExitTimestamp"))
2053                         i->active_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2054
2055                 break;
2056         }
2057
2058         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
2059
2060                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT &&
2061                     startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2062                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2063
2064                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2065                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2066                                 ExecStatusInfo *info;
2067                                 int r;
2068
2069                                 if (!(info = new0(ExecStatusInfo, 1)))
2070                                         return -ENOMEM;
2071
2072                                 if ((r = exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, info)) < 0) {
2073                                         free(info);
2074                                         return r;
2075                                 }
2076
2077                                 LIST_PREPEND(ExecStatusInfo, exec, i->exec, info);
2078
2079                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2080                         }
2081                 }
2082
2083                 break;
2084         }
2085         }
2086
2087         return 0;
2088 }
2089
2090 static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
2091         assert(name);
2092         assert(iter);
2093
2094         /* This is a low-level property printer, see
2095          * print_status_info() for the nicer output */
2096
2097         if (arg_property && !strv_find(arg_property, name))
2098                 return 0;
2099
2100         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
2101
2102         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
2103                 const char *s;
2104                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
2105
2106                 if (arg_all || s[0])
2107                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
2108
2109                 return 0;
2110         }
2111
2112         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
2113                 dbus_bool_t b;
2114                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
2115                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, yes_no(b));
2116
2117                 return 0;
2118         }
2119
2120         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
2121                 uint64_t u;
2122                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2123
2124                 /* Yes, heuristics! But we can change this check
2125                  * should it turn out to not be sufficient */
2126
2127                 if (strstr(name, "Timestamp")) {
2128                         char timestamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *t;
2129
2130                         if ((t = format_timestamp(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), u)) || arg_all)
2131                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, strempty(t));
2132                 } else if (strstr(name, "USec")) {
2133                         char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
2134
2135                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), u));
2136                 } else
2137                         printf("%s=%llu\n", name, (unsigned long long) u);
2138
2139                 return 0;
2140         }
2141
2142         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
2143                 uint32_t u;
2144                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2145
2146                 if (strstr(name, "UMask") || strstr(name, "Mode"))
2147                         printf("%s=%04o\n", name, u);
2148                 else
2149                         printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
2150
2151                 return 0;
2152         }
2153
2154         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
2155                 int32_t i;
2156                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &i);
2157
2158                 printf("%s=%i\n", name, (int) i);
2159                 return 0;
2160         }
2161
2162         case DBUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
2163                 double d;
2164                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &d);
2165
2166                 printf("%s=%g\n", name, d);
2167                 return 0;
2168         }
2169
2170         case DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT: {
2171                 DBusMessageIter sub;
2172                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2173
2174                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_UINT32 && streq(name, "Job")) {
2175                         uint32_t u;
2176
2177                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
2178
2179                         if (u)
2180                                 printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
2181                         else if (arg_all)
2182                                 printf("%s=\n", name);
2183
2184                         return 0;
2185                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "Unit")) {
2186                         const char *s;
2187
2188                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2189
2190                         if (arg_all || s[0])
2191                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
2192
2193                         return 0;
2194                 }
2195
2196                 break;
2197         }
2198
2199         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
2200
2201                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
2202                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2203                         bool space = false;
2204
2205                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2206                         if (arg_all ||
2207                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2208                                 printf("%s=", name);
2209
2210                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2211                                         const char *s;
2212
2213                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
2214                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2215                                         printf("%s%s", space ? " " : "", s);
2216
2217                                         space = true;
2218                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2219                                 }
2220
2221                                 puts("");
2222                         }
2223
2224                         return 0;
2225
2226                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE) {
2227                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2228
2229                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2230                         if (arg_all ||
2231                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2232                                 printf("%s=", name);
2233
2234                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2235                                         uint8_t u;
2236
2237                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE);
2238                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
2239                                         printf("%02x", u);
2240
2241                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2242                                 }
2243
2244                                 puts("");
2245                         }
2246
2247                         return 0;
2248
2249                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Paths")) {
2250                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2251
2252                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2253                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2254                                 const char *type, *path;
2255
2256                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2257
2258                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) >= 0 &&
2259                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, false) >= 0)
2260                                         printf("%s=%s\n", type, path);
2261
2262                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2263                         }
2264
2265                         return 0;
2266
2267                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Timers")) {
2268                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2269
2270                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2271                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2272                                 const char *base;
2273                                 uint64_t value, next_elapse;
2274
2275                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2276
2277                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &base, true) >= 0 &&
2278                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &value, true) >= 0 &&
2279                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &next_elapse, false) >= 0) {
2280                                         char timespan1[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], timespan2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
2281
2282                                         printf("%s={ value=%s ; next_elapse=%s }\n",
2283                                                base,
2284                                                format_timespan(timespan1, sizeof(timespan1), value),
2285                                                format_timespan(timespan2, sizeof(timespan2), next_elapse));
2286                                 }
2287
2288                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2289                         }
2290
2291                         return 0;
2292
2293                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2294                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2295
2296                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2297                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2298                                 ExecStatusInfo info;
2299
2300                                 zero(info);
2301                                 if (exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, &info) >= 0) {
2302                                         char timestamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], timestamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
2303                                         char *t;
2304
2305                                         t = strv_join(info.argv, " ");
2306
2307                                         printf("%s={ path=%s ; argv[]=%s ; ignore=%s ; start_time=[%s] ; stop_time=[%s] ; pid=%u ; code=%s ; status=%i%s%s }\n",
2308                                                name,
2309                                                strna(info.path),
2310                                                strna(t),
2311                                                yes_no(info.ignore),
2312                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp1, sizeof(timestamp1), info.start_timestamp)),
2313                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp2, sizeof(timestamp2), info.exit_timestamp)),
2314                                                (unsigned) info. pid,
2315                                                sigchld_code_to_string(info.code),
2316                                                info.status,
2317                                                info.code == CLD_EXITED ? "" : "/",
2318                                                strempty(info.code == CLD_EXITED ? NULL : signal_to_string(info.status)));
2319
2320                                         free(t);
2321                                 }
2322
2323                                 free(info.path);
2324                                 strv_free(info.argv);
2325
2326                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2327                         }
2328
2329                         return 0;
2330                 }
2331
2332                 break;
2333         }
2334
2335         if (arg_all)
2336                 printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
2337
2338         return 0;
2339 }
2340
2341 static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
2342         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2343         const char *interface = "";
2344         int r;
2345         DBusError error;
2346         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
2347         UnitStatusInfo info;
2348         ExecStatusInfo *p;
2349
2350         assert(bus);
2351         assert(path);
2352         assert(new_line);
2353
2354         zero(info);
2355         dbus_error_init(&error);
2356
2357         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2358                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2359                               path,
2360                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2361                               "GetAll"))) {
2362                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2363                 r = -ENOMEM;
2364                 goto finish;
2365         }
2366
2367         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2368                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2369                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2370                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2371                 r = -ENOMEM;
2372                 goto finish;
2373         }
2374
2375         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2376                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2377                 r = -EIO;
2378                 goto finish;
2379         }
2380
2381         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2382             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
2383             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
2384                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2385                 r = -EIO;
2386                 goto finish;
2387         }
2388
2389         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2390
2391         if (*new_line)
2392                 printf("\n");
2393
2394         *new_line = true;
2395
2396         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2397                 const char *name;
2398
2399                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
2400                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2401                         r = -EIO;
2402                         goto finish;
2403                 }
2404
2405                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2406
2407                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0) {
2408                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2409                         r = -EIO;
2410                         goto finish;
2411                 }
2412
2413                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2414                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2415                         r = -EIO;
2416                         goto finish;
2417                 }
2418
2419                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
2420
2421                 if (show_properties)
2422                         r = print_property(name, &sub3);
2423                 else
2424                         r = status_property(name, &sub3, &info);
2425
2426                 if (r < 0) {
2427                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2428                         r = -EIO;
2429                         goto finish;
2430                 }
2431
2432                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2433         }
2434
2435         r = 0;
2436
2437         if (!show_properties)
2438                 print_status_info(&info);
2439
2440         if (!streq_ptr(info.active_state, "active") &&
2441             !streq_ptr(info.active_state, "reloading") &&
2442             streq(verb, "status"))
2443                 /* According to LSB: "program not running" */
2444                 r = 3;
2445
2446         while ((p = info.exec)) {
2447                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecStatusInfo, exec, info.exec, p);
2448                 exec_status_info_free(p);
2449         }
2450
2451 finish:
2452         if (m)
2453                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2454
2455         if (reply)
2456                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2457
2458         dbus_error_free(&error);
2459
2460         return r;
2461 }
2462
2463 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2464         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2465         int r, ret = 0;
2466         DBusError error;
2467         unsigned i;
2468         bool show_properties, new_line = false;
2469
2470         assert(bus);
2471         assert(args);
2472
2473         dbus_error_init(&error);
2474
2475         show_properties = !streq(args[0], "status");
2476
2477         if (show_properties && n <= 1) {
2478                 /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
2479                  * itself */
2480
2481                 ret = show_one(args[0], bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line);
2482                 goto finish;
2483         }
2484
2485         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2486                 const char *path = NULL;
2487                 uint32_t id;
2488
2489                 if (safe_atou32(args[i], &id) < 0) {
2490
2491                         /* Interpret as unit name */
2492
2493                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2494                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2495                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2496                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2497                                               "LoadUnit"))) {
2498                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2499                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2500                                 goto finish;
2501                         }
2502
2503                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2504                                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2505                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2506                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2507                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2508                                 goto finish;
2509                         }
2510
2511                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2512
2513                                 if (!dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) {
2514                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2515                                         ret = -EIO;
2516                                         goto finish;
2517                                 }
2518
2519                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
2520
2521                                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2522                                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2523                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2524                                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2525                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2526                                                       "GetUnit"))) {
2527                                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2528                                         ret = -ENOMEM;
2529                                         goto finish;
2530                                 }
2531
2532                                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2533                                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2534                                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2535                                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2536                                         ret = -ENOMEM;
2537                                         goto finish;
2538                                 }
2539
2540                                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2541                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2542
2543                                         if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
2544                                                 ret = 4; /* According to LSB: "program or service status is unknown" */
2545                                         else
2546                                                 ret = -EIO;
2547                                         goto finish;
2548                                 }
2549                         }
2550
2551                 } else if (show_properties) {
2552
2553                         /* Interpret as job id */
2554
2555                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2556                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2557                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2558                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2559                                               "GetJob"))) {
2560                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2561                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2562                                 goto finish;
2563                         }
2564
2565                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2566                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2567                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2568                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2569                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2570                                 goto finish;
2571                         }
2572
2573                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2574                                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2575                                 ret = -EIO;
2576                                 goto finish;
2577                         }
2578                 } else {
2579
2580                         /* Interpret as PID */
2581
2582                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2583                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2584                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2585                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2586                                               "GetUnitByPID"))) {
2587                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2588                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2589                                 goto finish;
2590                         }
2591
2592                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2593                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2594                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2595                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2596                                 ret = -ENOMEM;
2597                                 goto finish;
2598                         }
2599
2600                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2601                                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2602                                 ret = -EIO;
2603                                 goto finish;
2604                         }
2605                 }
2606
2607                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2608                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2609                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2610                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2611                         ret = -EIO;
2612                         goto finish;
2613                 }
2614
2615                 if ((r = show_one(args[0], bus, path, show_properties, &new_line)) != 0)
2616                         ret = r;
2617
2618                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2619                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2620                 m = reply = NULL;
2621         }
2622
2623 finish:
2624         if (m)
2625                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2626
2627         if (reply)
2628                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2629
2630         dbus_error_free(&error);
2631
2632         return ret;
2633 }
2634
2635 static DBusHandlerResult monitor_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
2636         DBusError error;
2637         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2638
2639         assert(connection);
2640         assert(message);
2641
2642         dbus_error_init(&error);
2643
2644         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
2645                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
2646                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
2647                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
2648
2649         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
2650                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
2651                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
2652
2653         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitNew") ||
2654                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitRemoved")) {
2655                 const char *id, *path;
2656
2657                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2658                                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id,
2659                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2660                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2661                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2662                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "UnitNew"))
2663                         printf("Unit %s added.\n", id);
2664                 else
2665                         printf("Unit %s removed.\n", id);
2666
2667         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobNew") ||
2668                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
2669                 uint32_t id;
2670                 const char *path;
2671
2672                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2673                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2674                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2675                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2676                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2677                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "JobNew"))
2678                         printf("Job %u added.\n", id);
2679                 else
2680                         printf("Job %u removed.\n", id);
2681
2682
2683         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "PropertiesChanged")) {
2684
2685                 const char *path, *interface, *property = "Id";
2686                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2687
2688                 path = dbus_message_get_path(message);
2689
2690                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2691                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2692                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2693                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2694                         goto finish;
2695                 }
2696
2697                 if (!streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job") &&
2698                     !streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit"))
2699                         goto finish;
2700
2701                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2702                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2703                               path,
2704                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2705                               "Get"))) {
2706                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2707                         goto oom;
2708                 }
2709
2710                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2711                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2712                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
2713                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2714                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2715                         goto finish;
2716                 }
2717
2718                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection, m, -1, &error))) {
2719                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2720                         goto finish;
2721                 }
2722
2723                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2724                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2725                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2726                         goto finish;
2727                 }
2728
2729                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2730
2731                 if (streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit")) {
2732                         const char *id;
2733
2734                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
2735                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2736                                 goto finish;
2737                         }
2738
2739                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2740                         printf("Unit %s changed.\n", id);
2741                 } else {
2742                         uint32_t id;
2743
2744                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_UINT32)  {
2745                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2746                                 goto finish;
2747                         }
2748
2749                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2750                         printf("Job %u changed.\n", id);
2751                 }
2752         }
2753
2754 finish:
2755         if (m)
2756                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2757
2758         if (reply)
2759                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2760
2761         dbus_error_free(&error);
2762         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
2763
2764 oom:
2765         if (m)
2766                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2767
2768         if (reply)
2769                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2770
2771         dbus_error_free(&error);
2772         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
2773 }
2774
2775 static int monitor(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2776         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2777         DBusError error;
2778         int r;
2779
2780         dbus_error_init(&error);
2781
2782         if (!private_bus) {
2783                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2784                                    "type='signal',"
2785                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2786                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
2787                                    "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
2788                                    &error);
2789
2790                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2791                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2792                         r = -EIO;
2793                         goto finish;
2794                 }
2795
2796                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2797                                    "type='signal',"
2798                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2799                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',"
2800                                    "member='PropertiesChanged'",
2801                                    &error);
2802
2803                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2804                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2805                         r = -EIO;
2806                         goto finish;
2807                 }
2808         }
2809
2810         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, monitor_filter, NULL, NULL)) {
2811                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
2812                 r = -ENOMEM;
2813                 goto finish;
2814         }
2815
2816         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2817                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2818                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2819                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2820                               "Subscribe"))) {
2821                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2822                 r = -ENOMEM;
2823                 goto finish;
2824         }
2825
2826         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2827                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2828                 r = -EIO;
2829                 goto finish;
2830         }
2831
2832         while (dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
2833                 ;
2834
2835         r = 0;
2836
2837 finish:
2838
2839         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter or the matches. */
2840
2841         if (m)
2842                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2843
2844         if (reply)
2845                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2846
2847         dbus_error_free(&error);
2848
2849         return r;
2850 }
2851
2852 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2853         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2854         DBusError error;
2855         int r;
2856         const char *text;
2857
2858         dbus_error_init(&error);
2859
2860         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2861                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2862                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2863                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2864                               "Dump"))) {
2865                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2866                 return -ENOMEM;
2867         }
2868
2869         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2870                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2871                 r = -EIO;
2872                 goto finish;
2873         }
2874
2875         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2876                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
2877                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2878                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2879                 r = -EIO;
2880                 goto finish;
2881         }
2882
2883         fputs(text, stdout);
2884
2885         r = 0;
2886
2887 finish:
2888         if (m)
2889                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2890
2891         if (reply)
2892                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2893
2894         dbus_error_free(&error);
2895
2896         return r;
2897 }
2898
2899 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2900         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2901         DBusError error;
2902         int r;
2903         const char *name = "", *path, *id;
2904         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
2905         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2906         const char
2907                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
2908                 *property = "Id";
2909
2910         dbus_error_init(&error);
2911
2912         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2913                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2914                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2915                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2916                               "CreateSnapshot"))) {
2917                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2918                 return -ENOMEM;
2919         }
2920
2921         if (n > 1)
2922                 name = args[1];
2923
2924         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2925                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
2926                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
2927                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2928                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2929                 r = -ENOMEM;
2930                 goto finish;
2931         }
2932
2933         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2934                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2935                 r = -EIO;
2936                 goto finish;
2937         }
2938
2939         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2940                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2941                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2942                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2943                 r = -EIO;
2944                 goto finish;
2945         }
2946
2947         dbus_message_unref(m);
2948         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2949                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2950                               path,
2951                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2952                               "Get"))) {
2953                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2954                 return -ENOMEM;
2955         }
2956
2957         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2958                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2959                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
2960                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2961                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2962                 r = -ENOMEM;
2963                 goto finish;
2964         }
2965
2966         dbus_message_unref(reply);
2967         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2968                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2969                 r = -EIO;
2970                 goto finish;
2971         }
2972
2973         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2974             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2975                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2976                 r = -EIO;
2977                 goto finish;
2978         }
2979
2980         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2981
2982         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
2983                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2984                 r = -EIO;
2985                 goto finish;
2986         }
2987
2988         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2989
2990         if (!arg_quiet)
2991                 puts(id);
2992         r = 0;
2993
2994 finish:
2995         if (m)
2996                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2997
2998         if (reply)
2999                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3000
3001         dbus_error_free(&error);
3002
3003         return r;
3004 }
3005
3006 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3007         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3008         int r;
3009         DBusError error;
3010         unsigned i;
3011
3012         assert(bus);
3013         assert(args);
3014
3015         dbus_error_init(&error);
3016
3017         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
3018                 const char *path = NULL;
3019
3020                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3021                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3022                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3023                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3024                                       "GetUnit"))) {
3025                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3026                         r = -ENOMEM;
3027                         goto finish;
3028                 }
3029
3030                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3031                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
3032                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3033                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3034                         r = -ENOMEM;
3035                         goto finish;
3036                 }
3037
3038                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3039                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3040                         r = -EIO;
3041                         goto finish;
3042                 }
3043
3044                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3045                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
3046                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3047                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3048                         r = -EIO;
3049                         goto finish;
3050                 }
3051
3052                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3053                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3054                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3055                                       path,
3056                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
3057                                       "Remove"))) {
3058                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3059                         r = -ENOMEM;
3060                         goto finish;
3061                 }
3062
3063                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3064                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3065                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3066                         r = -EIO;
3067                         goto finish;
3068                 }
3069
3070                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3071                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3072                 m = reply = NULL;
3073         }
3074
3075         r = 0;
3076
3077 finish:
3078         if (m)
3079                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3080
3081         if (reply)
3082                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3083
3084         dbus_error_free(&error);
3085
3086         return r;
3087 }
3088
3089 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3090         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3091         DBusError error;
3092         int r;
3093         const char *method;
3094
3095         dbus_error_init(&error);
3096
3097         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
3098                 method = "Reload";
3099         else if (arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC)
3100                 method = "Reexecute";
3101         else {
3102                 assert(arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL);
3103
3104                 method =
3105                         streq(args[0], "clear-jobs")    ||
3106                         streq(args[0], "cancel")        ? "ClearJobs" :
3107                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reexec") ? "Reexecute" :
3108                         streq(args[0], "reset-failed")  ? "ResetFailed" :
3109                         streq(args[0], "halt")          ? "Halt" :
3110                         streq(args[0], "poweroff")      ? "PowerOff" :
3111                         streq(args[0], "reboot")        ? "Reboot" :
3112                         streq(args[0], "kexec")         ? "KExec" :
3113                         streq(args[0], "exit")          ? "Exit" :
3114                                     /* "daemon-reload" */ "Reload";
3115         }
3116
3117         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3118                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3119                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3120                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3121                               method))) {
3122                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3123                 return -ENOMEM;
3124         }
3125
3126         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3127
3128                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
3129                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
3130                          * legacy actions. */
3131                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
3132                         goto finish;
3133                 }
3134
3135                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3136                 r = -EIO;
3137                 goto finish;
3138         }
3139
3140         r = 0;
3141
3142 finish:
3143         if (m)
3144                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3145
3146         if (reply)
3147                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3148
3149         dbus_error_free(&error);
3150
3151         return r;
3152 }
3153
3154 static int reset_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3155         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3156         unsigned i;
3157         int r;
3158         DBusError error;
3159
3160         assert(bus);
3161         dbus_error_init(&error);
3162
3163         if (n <= 1)
3164                 return daemon_reload(bus, args, n);
3165
3166         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
3167
3168                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3169                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3170                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3171                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3172                                       "ResetFailedUnit"))) {
3173                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3174                         r = -ENOMEM;
3175                         goto finish;
3176                 }
3177
3178                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3179                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, args + i,
3180                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3181                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3182                         r = -ENOMEM;
3183                         goto finish;
3184                 }
3185
3186                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3187                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3188                         r = -EIO;
3189                         goto finish;
3190                 }
3191
3192                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3193                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3194                 m = reply = NULL;
3195         }
3196
3197         r = 0;
3198
3199 finish:
3200         if (m)
3201                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3202
3203         if (reply)
3204                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3205
3206         dbus_error_free(&error);
3207
3208         return r;
3209 }
3210
3211 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3212         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3213         DBusError error;
3214         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
3215         int r;
3216         const char
3217                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3218                 *property = "Environment";
3219
3220         dbus_error_init(&error);
3221
3222         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3223                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3224                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3225                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
3226                               "Get"))) {
3227                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3228                 return -ENOMEM;
3229         }
3230
3231         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
3232                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
3233                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
3234                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3235                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3236                 r = -ENOMEM;
3237                 goto finish;
3238         }
3239
3240         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3241                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3242                 r = -EIO;
3243                 goto finish;
3244         }
3245
3246         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
3247             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
3248                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3249                 r = -EIO;
3250                 goto finish;
3251         }
3252
3253         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
3254
3255         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
3256             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
3257                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3258                 r = -EIO;
3259                 goto finish;
3260         }
3261
3262         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
3263
3264         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
3265                 const char *text;
3266
3267                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
3268                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3269                         r = -EIO;
3270                         goto finish;
3271                 }
3272
3273                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub2, &text);
3274                 printf("%s\n", text);
3275
3276                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2);
3277         }
3278
3279         r = 0;
3280
3281 finish:
3282         if (m)
3283                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3284
3285         if (reply)
3286                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3287
3288         dbus_error_free(&error);
3289
3290         return r;
3291 }
3292
3293 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
3294         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3295         DBusError error;
3296         int r;
3297         const char *method;
3298         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
3299         unsigned i;
3300
3301         dbus_error_init(&error);
3302
3303         method = streq(args[0], "set-environment")
3304                 ? "SetEnvironment"
3305                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
3306
3307         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3308                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3309                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3310                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3311                               method))) {
3312
3313                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3314                 return -ENOMEM;
3315         }
3316
3317         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
3318
3319         if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
3320                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3321                 r = -ENOMEM;
3322                 goto finish;
3323         }
3324
3325         for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
3326                 if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i])) {
3327                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3328                         r = -ENOMEM;
3329                         goto finish;
3330                 }
3331
3332         if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
3333                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3334                 r = -ENOMEM;
3335                 goto finish;
3336         }
3337
3338         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3339                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3340                 r = -EIO;
3341                 goto finish;
3342         }
3343
3344         r = 0;
3345
3346 finish:
3347         if (m)
3348                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3349
3350         if (reply)
3351                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3352
3353         dbus_error_free(&error);
3354
3355         return r;
3356 }
3357
3358 typedef struct {
3359         char *name;
3360         char *path;
3361
3362         char **aliases;
3363         char **wanted_by;
3364 } InstallInfo;
3365
3366 static Hashmap *will_install = NULL, *have_installed = NULL;
3367 static Set *remove_symlinks_to = NULL;
3368 static unsigned n_symlinks = 0;
3369
3370 static void install_info_free(InstallInfo *i) {
3371         assert(i);
3372
3373         free(i->name);
3374         free(i->path);
3375         strv_free(i->aliases);
3376         strv_free(i->wanted_by);
3377         free(i);
3378 }
3379
3380 static void install_info_hashmap_free(Hashmap *m) {
3381         InstallInfo *i;
3382
3383         while ((i = hashmap_steal_first(m)))
3384                 install_info_free(i);
3385
3386         hashmap_free(m);
3387 }
3388
3389 static int install_info_add(const char *name) {
3390         InstallInfo *i;
3391         int r;
3392
3393         assert(will_install);
3394
3395         if (!unit_name_is_valid_no_type(name, true)) {
3396                 log_warning("Unit name %s is not a valid unit name.", name);
3397                 return -EINVAL;
3398         }
3399
3400         if (hashmap_get(have_installed, name) ||
3401             hashmap_get(will_install, name))
3402                 return 0;
3403
3404         if (!(i = new0(InstallInfo, 1))) {
3405                 r = -ENOMEM;
3406                 goto fail;
3407         }
3408
3409         if (!(i->name = strdup(name))) {
3410                 r = -ENOMEM;
3411                 goto fail;
3412         }
3413
3414         if ((r = hashmap_put(will_install, i->name, i)) < 0)
3415                 goto fail;
3416
3417         return 0;
3418
3419 fail:
3420         if (i)
3421                 install_info_free(i);
3422
3423         return r;
3424 }
3425
3426 static int config_parse_also(
3427                 const char *filename,
3428                 unsigned line,
3429                 const char *section,
3430                 const char *lvalue,
3431                 const char *rvalue,
3432                 void *data,
3433                 void *userdata) {
3434
3435         char *w;
3436         size_t l;
3437         char *state;
3438
3439         assert(filename);
3440         assert(lvalue);
3441         assert(rvalue);
3442
3443         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
3444                 char *n;
3445                 int r;
3446
3447                 if (!(n = strndup(w, l)))
3448                         return -ENOMEM;
3449
3450                 if ((r = install_info_add(n)) < 0) {
3451                         log_warning("Cannot install unit %s: %s", n, strerror(-r));
3452                         free(n);
3453                         return r;
3454                 }
3455
3456                 free(n);
3457         }
3458
3459         return 0;
3460 }
3461
3462 static int mark_symlink_for_removal(const char *p) {
3463         char *n;
3464         int r;
3465
3466         assert(p);
3467         assert(path_is_absolute(p));
3468
3469         if (!remove_symlinks_to)
3470                 return 0;
3471
3472         if (!(n = strdup(p)))
3473                 return -ENOMEM;
3474
3475         path_kill_slashes(n);
3476
3477         if ((r = set_put(remove_symlinks_to, n)) < 0) {
3478                 free(n);
3479                 return r == -EEXIST ? 0 : r;
3480         }
3481
3482         return 0;
3483 }
3484
3485 static int remove_marked_symlinks_fd(int fd, const char *config_path, const char *root, bool *deleted) {
3486         int r = 0;
3487         DIR *d;
3488         struct dirent *de;
3489
3490         assert(fd >= 0);
3491         assert(root);
3492         assert(deleted);
3493
3494         if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3495                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3496                 return -errno;
3497         }
3498
3499         rewinddir(d);
3500
3501         while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3502                 bool is_dir = false, is_link = false;
3503
3504                 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3505                         continue;
3506
3507                 if (de->d_type == DT_LNK)
3508                         is_link = true;
3509                 else if (de->d_type == DT_DIR)
3510                         is_dir = true;
3511                 else if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3512                         struct stat st;
3513
3514                         if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3515                                 log_error("Failed to stat %s/%s: %m", root, de->d_name);
3516
3517                                 if (r == 0)
3518                                         r = -errno;
3519                                 continue;
3520                         }
3521
3522                         is_link = S_ISLNK(st.st_mode);
3523                         is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3524                 } else
3525                         continue;
3526
3527                 if (is_dir) {
3528                         int nfd, q;
3529                         char *p;
3530
3531                         if ((nfd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW)) < 0) {
3532                                 log_error("Failed to open %s/%s: %m", root, de->d_name);
3533
3534                                 if (r == 0)
3535                                         r = -errno;
3536                                 continue;
3537                         }
3538
3539                         if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", root, de->d_name) < 0) {
3540                                 log_error("Failed to allocate directory string.");
3541                                 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3542                                 r = -ENOMEM;
3543                                 break;
3544                         }
3545
3546                         /* This will close nfd, regardless whether it succeeds or not */
3547                         q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(nfd, config_path, p, deleted);
3548                         free(p);
3549
3550                         if (r == 0)
3551                                 r = q;
3552
3553                 } else if (is_link) {
3554                         char *p, *dest, *c;
3555                         int q;
3556
3557                         if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", root, de->d_name) < 0) {
3558                                 log_error("Failed to allocate symlink string.");
3559                                 r = -ENOMEM;
3560                                 break;
3561                         }
3562
3563                         if ((q = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &dest)) < 0) {
3564                                 log_error("Cannot read symlink %s: %s", p, strerror(-q));
3565                                 free(p);
3566
3567                                 if (r == 0)
3568                                         r = q;
3569                                 continue;
3570                         }
3571
3572                         if ((c = canonicalize_file_name(dest))) {
3573                                 /* This might fail if the destination
3574                                  * is already removed */
3575
3576                                 free(dest);
3577                                 dest = c;
3578                         }
3579
3580                         path_kill_slashes(dest);
3581                         if (set_get(remove_symlinks_to, dest)) {
3582
3583                                 if (!arg_quiet)
3584                                         log_info("rm '%s'", p);
3585
3586                                 if (unlink(p) < 0) {
3587                                         log_error("Cannot unlink symlink %s: %m", p);
3588
3589                                         if (r == 0)
3590                                                 r = -errno;
3591                                 } else {
3592                                         rmdir_parents(p, config_path);
3593                                         path_kill_slashes(p);
3594
3595                                         if (!set_get(remove_symlinks_to, p)) {
3596
3597                                                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(p)) < 0) {
3598                                                         if (r == 0)
3599                                                                 r = q;
3600                                                 } else
3601                                                         *deleted = true;
3602                                         }
3603                                 }
3604                         }
3605
3606                         free(p);
3607                         free(dest);
3608                 }
3609         }
3610
3611         closedir(d);
3612
3613         return r;
3614 }
3615
3616 static int remove_marked_symlinks(const char *config_path) {
3617         int fd, r = 0;
3618         bool deleted;
3619
3620         assert(config_path);
3621
3622         if (set_size(remove_symlinks_to) <= 0)
3623                 return 0;
3624
3625         if ((fd = open(config_path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW)) < 0)
3626                 return -errno;
3627
3628         do {
3629                 int q, cfd;
3630                 deleted = false;
3631
3632                 if ((cfd = dup(fd)) < 0) {
3633                         r = -errno;
3634                         break;
3635                 }
3636
3637                 /* This takes possession of cfd and closes it */
3638                 if ((q = remove_marked_symlinks_fd(cfd, config_path, config_path, &deleted)) < 0) {
3639                         if (r == 0)
3640                                 r = q;
3641                 }
3642         } while (deleted);
3643
3644         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3645
3646         return r;
3647 }
3648
3649 static int create_symlink(const char *verb, const char *old_path, const char *new_path) {
3650         int r;
3651
3652         assert(old_path);
3653         assert(new_path);
3654         assert(verb);
3655
3656         if (streq(verb, "enable")) {
3657                 char *dest;
3658
3659                 mkdir_parents(new_path, 0755);
3660
3661                 if (symlink(old_path, new_path) >= 0) {
3662
3663                         if (!arg_quiet)
3664                                 log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", old_path, new_path);
3665
3666                         return 0;
3667                 }
3668
3669                 if (errno != EEXIST) {
3670                         log_error("Cannot link %s to %s: %m", old_path, new_path);
3671                         return -errno;
3672                 }
3673
3674                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3675
3676                         if (errno == EINVAL) {
3677                                 log_error("Cannot link %s to %s, file exists already and is not a symlink.", old_path, new_path);
3678                                 return -EEXIST;
3679                         }
3680
3681                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3682                         return r;
3683                 }
3684
3685                 if (streq(dest, old_path)) {
3686                         free(dest);
3687                         return 0;
3688                 }
3689
3690                 if (!arg_force) {
3691                         log_error("Cannot link %s to %s, symlink exists already and points to %s.", old_path, new_path, dest);
3692                         free(dest);
3693                         return -EEXIST;
3694                 }
3695
3696                 free(dest);
3697                 unlink(new_path);
3698
3699                 if (!arg_quiet)
3700                         log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", old_path, new_path);
3701
3702                 if (symlink(old_path, new_path) >= 0)
3703                         return 0;
3704
3705                 log_error("Cannot link %s to %s: %m", old_path, new_path);
3706                 return -errno;
3707
3708         } else if (streq(verb, "disable")) {
3709                 char *dest;
3710
3711                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(old_path)) < 0)
3712                         return r;
3713
3714                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3715                         if (errno == ENOENT)
3716                                 return 0;
3717
3718                         if (errno == EINVAL) {
3719                                 log_warning("File %s not a symlink, ignoring.", old_path);
3720                                 return 0;
3721                         }
3722
3723                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3724                         return r;
3725                 }
3726
3727                 if (!streq(dest, old_path)) {
3728                         log_warning("File %s not a symlink to %s but points to %s, ignoring.", new_path, old_path, dest);
3729                         free(dest);
3730                         return 0;
3731                 }
3732
3733                 free(dest);
3734
3735                 if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(new_path)) < 0)
3736                         return r;
3737
3738                 if (!arg_quiet)
3739                         log_info("rm '%s'", new_path);
3740
3741                 if (unlink(new_path) >= 0)
3742                         return 0;
3743
3744                 log_error("Cannot unlink %s: %m", new_path);
3745                 return -errno;
3746
3747         } else if (streq(verb, "is-enabled")) {
3748                 char *dest;
3749
3750                 if ((r = readlink_and_make_absolute(new_path, &dest)) < 0) {
3751
3752                         if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EINVAL)
3753                                 return 0;
3754
3755                         log_error("readlink() failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3756                         return r;
3757                 }
3758
3759                 if (streq(dest, old_path)) {
3760                         free(dest);
3761                         return 1;
3762                 }
3763
3764                 return 0;
3765         }
3766
3767         assert_not_reached("Unknown action.");
3768 }
3769
3770 static int install_info_symlink_alias(const char *verb, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3771         char **s;
3772         char *alias_path = NULL;
3773         int r;
3774
3775         assert(verb);
3776         assert(i);
3777         assert(config_path);
3778
3779         STRV_FOREACH(s, i->aliases) {
3780
3781                 free(alias_path);
3782                 if (!(alias_path = path_make_absolute(*s, config_path))) {
3783                         log_error("Out of memory");
3784                         r = -ENOMEM;
3785                         goto finish;
3786                 }
3787
3788                 if ((r = create_symlink(verb, i->path, alias_path)) != 0)
3789                         goto finish;
3790
3791                 if (streq(verb, "disable"))
3792                         rmdir_parents(alias_path, config_path);
3793         }
3794         r = 0;
3795
3796 finish:
3797         free(alias_path);
3798
3799         return r;
3800 }
3801
3802 static int install_info_symlink_wants(const char *verb, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3803         char **s;
3804         char *alias_path = NULL;
3805         int r;
3806
3807         assert(verb);
3808         assert(i);
3809         assert(config_path);
3810
3811         STRV_FOREACH(s, i->wanted_by) {
3812                 if (!unit_name_is_valid_no_type(*s, true)) {
3813                         log_error("Invalid name %s.", *s);
3814                         r = -EINVAL;
3815                         goto finish;
3816                 }
3817
3818                 free(alias_path);
3819                 alias_path = NULL;
3820
3821                 if (asprintf(&alias_path, "%s/%s.wants/%s", config_path, *s, i->name) < 0) {
3822                         log_error("Out of memory");
3823                         r = -ENOMEM;
3824                         goto finish;
3825                 }
3826
3827                 if ((r = create_symlink(verb, i->path, alias_path)) != 0)
3828                         goto finish;
3829
3830                 if (streq(verb, "disable"))
3831                         rmdir_parents(alias_path, config_path);
3832         }
3833
3834         r = 0;
3835
3836 finish:
3837         free(alias_path);
3838
3839         return r;
3840 }
3841
3842 static int install_info_apply(const char *verb, LookupPaths *paths, InstallInfo *i, const char *config_path) {
3843
3844         const ConfigItem items[] = {
3845                 { "Alias",    config_parse_strv, &i->aliases,   "Install" },
3846                 { "WantedBy", config_parse_strv, &i->wanted_by, "Install" },
3847                 { "Also",     config_parse_also, NULL,          "Install" },
3848
3849                 { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }
3850         };
3851
3852         char **p;
3853         char *filename = NULL;
3854         FILE *f = NULL;
3855         int r;
3856
3857         assert(paths);
3858         assert(i);
3859
3860         STRV_FOREACH(p, paths->unit_path) {
3861                 int fd;
3862
3863                 if (!(filename = path_make_absolute(i->name, *p))) {
3864                         log_error("Out of memory");
3865                         return -ENOMEM;
3866                 }
3867
3868                 /* Ensure that we don't follow symlinks */
3869                 if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOCTTY)) >= 0)
3870                         if ((f = fdopen(fd, "re")))
3871                                 break;
3872
3873                 if (errno == ELOOP) {
3874                         log_error("Refusing to operate on symlinks, please pass unit names or absolute paths to unit files.");
3875                         free(filename);
3876                         return -errno;
3877                 }
3878
3879                 if (errno != ENOENT) {
3880                         log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", filename);
3881                         free(filename);
3882                         return -errno;
3883                 }
3884
3885                 free(filename);
3886                 filename = NULL;
3887         }
3888
3889         if (!f) {
3890 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA) && defined (HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT)
3891
3892                 if (endswith(i->name, ".service")) {
3893                         char *sysv;
3894                         bool exists;
3895
3896                         if (asprintf(&sysv, SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH "/%s", i->name) < 0) {
3897                                 log_error("Out of memory");
3898                                 return -ENOMEM;
3899                         }
3900
3901                         sysv[strlen(sysv) - sizeof(".service") + 1] = 0;
3902                         exists = access(sysv, F_OK) >= 0;
3903
3904                         if (exists) {
3905                                 pid_t pid;
3906                                 siginfo_t status;
3907
3908                                 const char *argv[] = {
3909                                         "/sbin/chkconfig",
3910                                         NULL,
3911                                         NULL,
3912                                         NULL
3913                                 };
3914
3915                                 log_info("%s is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.", i->name);
3916
3917                                 argv[1] = file_name_from_path(sysv);
3918                                 argv[2] =
3919                                         streq(verb, "enable") ? "on" :
3920                                         streq(verb, "disable") ? "off" : NULL;
3921
3922                                 log_info("Executing %s %s %s", argv[0], argv[1], strempty(argv[2]));
3923
3924                                 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3925                                         log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3926                                         free(sysv);
3927                                         return -errno;
3928                                 } else if (pid == 0) {
3929                                         execv(argv[0], (char**) argv);
3930                                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3931                                 }
3932
3933                                 free(sysv);
3934
3935                                 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
3936                                         return r;
3937
3938                                 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3939                                         if (status.si_status == 0 && (streq(verb, "enable") || streq(verb, "disable")))
3940                                                 n_symlinks ++;
3941
3942                                         return status.si_status == 0 ? 0 : -EINVAL;
3943                                 } else
3944                                         return -EPROTO;
3945                         }
3946
3947                         free(sysv);
3948                 }
3949
3950 #endif
3951
3952                 log_error("Couldn't find %s.", i->name);
3953                 return -ENOENT;
3954         }
3955
3956         i->path = filename;
3957
3958         if ((r = config_parse(filename, f, NULL, items, true, i)) < 0) {
3959                 fclose(f);
3960                 return r;
3961         }
3962
3963         n_symlinks += strv_length(i->aliases);
3964         n_symlinks += strv_length(i->wanted_by);
3965
3966         fclose(f);
3967
3968         if ((r = install_info_symlink_alias(verb, i, config_path)) != 0)
3969                 return r;
3970
3971         if ((r = install_info_symlink_wants(verb, i, config_path)) != 0)
3972                 return r;
3973
3974         if ((r = mark_symlink_for_removal(filename)) < 0)
3975                 return r;
3976
3977         if ((r = remove_marked_symlinks(config_path)) < 0)
3978                 return r;
3979
3980         return 0;
3981 }
3982
3983 static char *get_config_path(void) {
3984
3985         if (arg_user && arg_global)
3986                 return strdup(USER_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH);
3987
3988         if (arg_user) {
3989                 char *p;
3990
3991                 if (user_config_home(&p) < 0)
3992                         return NULL;
3993
3994                 return p;
3995         }
3996
3997         return strdup(SYSTEM_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH);
3998 }
3999
4000 static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
4001         DBusError error;
4002         int r;
4003         LookupPaths paths;
4004         char *config_path = NULL;
4005         unsigned j;
4006         InstallInfo *i;
4007         const char *verb = args[0];
4008
4009         dbus_error_init(&error);
4010
4011         zero(paths);
4012         if ((r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, arg_user ? MANAGER_USER : MANAGER_SYSTEM)) < 0) {
4013                 log_error("Failed to determine lookup paths: %s", strerror(-r));
4014                 goto finish;
4015         }
4016
4017         if (!(config_path = get_config_path())) {
4018                 log_error("Failed to determine config path");
4019                 r = -ENOMEM;
4020                 goto finish;
4021         }
4022
4023         will_install = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4024         have_installed = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4025
4026         if (!will_install || !have_installed) {
4027                 log_error("Failed to allocate unit sets.");
4028                 r = -ENOMEM;
4029                 goto finish;
4030         }
4031
4032         if (!arg_defaults && streq(verb, "disable"))
4033                 if (!(remove_symlinks_to = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
4034                         log_error("Failed to allocate symlink sets.");
4035                         r = -ENOMEM;
4036                         goto finish;
4037                 }
4038
4039         for (j = 1; j < n; j++)
4040                 if ((r = install_info_add(args[j])) < 0) {
4041                         log_warning("Cannot install unit %s: %s", args[j], strerror(-r));
4042                         goto finish;
4043                 }
4044
4045         while ((i = hashmap_first(will_install))) {
4046                 int q;
4047
4048                 assert_se(hashmap_move_one(have_installed, will_install, i->name) == 0);
4049
4050                 if ((q = install_info_apply(verb, &paths, i, config_path)) != 0) {
4051
4052                         if (q < 0) {
4053                                 if (r == 0)
4054                                         r = q;
4055                                 goto finish;
4056                         }
4057
4058                         /* In test mode and found something */
4059                         r = 1;
4060                         break;
4061                 }
4062         }
4063
4064         if (streq(verb, "is-enabled"))
4065                 r = r > 0 ? 0 : -ENOENT;
4066         else {
4067                 if (n_symlinks <= 0)
4068                         log_warning("Unit files contain no applicable installation information. Ignoring.");
4069
4070                 if (bus &&
4071                     /* Don't try to reload anything if the user asked us to not do this */
4072                     !arg_no_reload &&
4073                     /* Don't try to reload anything when updating a unit globally */
4074                     !arg_global &&
4075                     /* Don't try to reload anything if we are called for system changes but the system wasn't booted with systemd */
4076                     (arg_user || sd_booted() > 0) &&
4077                     /* Don't try to reload anything if we are running in a chroot environment */
4078                     (arg_user || running_in_chroot() <= 0) ) {
4079                         int q;
4080
4081                         if ((q = daemon_reload(bus, args, n)) < 0)
4082                                 r = q;
4083                 }
4084         }
4085
4086 finish:
4087         install_info_hashmap_free(will_install);
4088         install_info_hashmap_free(have_installed);
4089
4090         set_free_free(remove_symlinks_to);
4091
4092         lookup_paths_free(&paths);
4093
4094         free(config_path);
4095
4096         return r;
4097 }
4098
4099 static int systemctl_help(void) {
4100
4101         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
4102                "Send control commands to or query the systemd manager.\n\n"
4103                "  -h --help           Show this help\n"
4104                "     --version        Show package version\n"
4105                "  -t --type=TYPE      List only units of a particular type\n"
4106                "  -p --property=NAME  Show only properties by this name\n"
4107                "  -a --all            Show all units/properties, including dead/empty ones\n"
4108                "     --full           Don't ellipsize unit names on output\n"
4109                "     --fail           When queueing a new job, fail if conflicting jobs are\n"
4110                "                      pending\n"
4111                "  -q --quiet          Suppress output\n"
4112                "     --no-block       Do not wait until operation finished\n"
4113                "     --system         Connect to system manager\n"
4114                "     --user           Connect to user service manager\n"
4115                "     --order          When generating graph for dot, show only order\n"
4116                "     --require        When generating graph for dot, show only requirement\n"
4117                "     --no-wall        Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4118                "     --global         Enable/disable unit files globally\n"
4119                "     --no-reload      When enabling/disabling unit files, don't reload daemon\n"
4120                "                      configuration\n"
4121                "     --no-ask-password\n"
4122                "                      Do not ask for system passwords\n"
4123                "     --kill-mode=MODE How to send signal\n"
4124                "     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to\n"
4125                "  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send\n"
4126                "  -f --force          When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks\n"
4127                "                      When shutting down, execute action immediately\n"
4128                "     --defaults       When disabling unit files, remove default symlinks only\n\n"
4129                "Commands:\n"
4130                "  list-units                      List units\n"
4131                "  start [NAME...]                 Start (activate) one or more units\n"
4132                "  stop [NAME...]                  Stop (deactivate) one or more units\n"
4133                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
4134                "  restart [NAME...]               Start or restart one or more units\n"
4135                "  try-restart [NAME...]           Restart one or more units if active\n"
4136                "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
4137                "                                  otherwise start or restart\n"
4138                "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
4139                "                                  otherwise restart if active\n"
4140                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
4141                "  kill [NAME...]                  Send signal to processes of a unit\n"
4142                "  is-active [NAME...]             Check whether units are active\n"
4143                "  status [NAME...|PID...]         Show runtime status of one or more units\n"
4144                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more\n"
4145                "                                  units/jobs or the manager\n"
4146                "  reset-failed [NAME...]          Reset failed state for all, one, or more\n"
4147                "                                  units\n"
4148                "  enable [NAME...]                Enable one or more unit files\n"
4149                "  disable [NAME...]               Disable one or more unit files\n"
4150                "  is-enabled [NAME...]            Check whether unit files are enabled\n"
4151                "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n"
4152                "  list-jobs                       List jobs\n"
4153                "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel all, one, or more jobs\n"
4154                "  monitor                         Monitor unit/job changes\n"
4155                "  dump                            Dump server status\n"
4156                "  dot                             Dump dependency graph for dot(1)\n"
4157                "  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot\n"
4158                "  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots\n"
4159                "  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration\n"
4160                "  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager\n"
4161                "  show-environment                Dump environment\n"
4162                "  set-environment [NAME=VALUE...] Set one or more environment variables\n"
4163                "  unset-environment [NAME...]     Unset one or more environment variables\n"
4164                "  default                         Enter system default mode\n"
4165                "  rescue                          Enter system rescue mode\n"
4166                "  emergency                       Enter system emergency mode\n"
4167                "  halt                            Shut down and halt the system\n"
4168                "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
4169                "  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system\n"
4170                "  kexec                           Shut down and reboot the system with kexec\n"
4171                "  exit                            Ask for user instance termination\n",
4172                program_invocation_short_name);
4173
4174         return 0;
4175 }
4176
4177 static int halt_help(void) {
4178
4179         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
4180                "%s the system.\n\n"
4181                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4182                "     --halt      Halt the machine\n"
4183                "  -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine\n"
4184                "     --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
4185                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4186                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
4187                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
4188                "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4189                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
4190                program_invocation_short_name,
4191                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
4192                arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "Power off" :
4193                                                "Halt");
4194
4195         return 0;
4196 }
4197
4198 static int shutdown_help(void) {
4199
4200         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [TIME] [WALL...]\n\n"
4201                "Shut down the system.\n\n"
4202                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4203                "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
4204                "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
4205                "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
4206                "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overriden by --halt\n"
4207                "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
4208                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4209                "  -c             Cancel a pending shutdown\n",
4210                program_invocation_short_name);
4211
4212         return 0;
4213 }
4214
4215 static int telinit_help(void) {
4216
4217         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}\n\n"
4218                "Send control commands to the init daemon.\n\n"
4219                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4220                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
4221                "Commands:\n"
4222                "  0              Power-off the machine\n"
4223                "  6              Reboot the machine\n"
4224                "  2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit\n"
4225                "  1, s, S        Enter rescue mode\n"
4226                "  q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration\n"
4227                "  u, U           Reexecute init daemon\n",
4228                program_invocation_short_name);
4229
4230         return 0;
4231 }
4232
4233 static int runlevel_help(void) {
4234
4235         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
4236                "Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.\n\n"
4237                "     --help      Show this help\n",
4238                program_invocation_short_name);
4239
4240         return 0;
4241 }
4242
4243 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4244
4245         enum {
4246                 ARG_FAIL = 0x100,
4247                 ARG_VERSION,
4248                 ARG_USER,
4249                 ARG_SYSTEM,
4250                 ARG_GLOBAL,
4251                 ARG_NO_BLOCK,
4252                 ARG_NO_WALL,
4253                 ARG_ORDER,
4254                 ARG_REQUIRE,
4255                 ARG_FULL,
4256                 ARG_NO_RELOAD,
4257                 ARG_DEFAULTS,
4258                 ARG_KILL_MODE,
4259                 ARG_KILL_WHO,
4260                 ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD
4261         };
4262
4263         static const struct option options[] = {
4264                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, 'h'           },
4265                 { "version",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION   },
4266                 { "type",      required_argument, NULL, 't'           },
4267                 { "property",  required_argument, NULL, 'p'           },
4268                 { "all",       no_argument,       NULL, 'a'           },
4269                 { "full",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FULL      },
4270                 { "fail",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAIL      },
4271                 { "user",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER      },
4272                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM    },
4273                 { "global",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL    },
4274                 { "no-block",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK  },
4275                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL   },
4276                 { "quiet",     no_argument,       NULL, 'q'           },
4277                 { "order",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ORDER     },
4278                 { "require",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REQUIRE   },
4279                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'           },
4280                 { "no-reload", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD },
4281                 { "defaults",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DEFAULTS  },
4282                 { "kill-mode", required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_MODE },
4283                 { "kill-who",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_WHO  },
4284                 { "signal",    required_argument, NULL, 's'           },
4285                 { "no-ask-password", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
4286                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0             }
4287         };
4288
4289         int c;
4290
4291         assert(argc >= 0);
4292         assert(argv);
4293
4294         /* Only when running as systemctl we ask for passwords */
4295         arg_ask_password = true;
4296
4297         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aqfs:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4298
4299                 switch (c) {
4300
4301                 case 'h':
4302                         systemctl_help();
4303                         return 0;
4304
4305                 case ARG_VERSION:
4306                         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
4307                         puts(DISTRIBUTION);
4308                         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
4309                         return 0;
4310
4311                 case 't':
4312                         arg_type = optarg;
4313                         break;
4314
4315                 case 'p': {
4316                         char **l;
4317
4318                         if (!(l = strv_append(arg_property, optarg)))
4319                                 return -ENOMEM;
4320
4321                         strv_free(arg_property);
4322                         arg_property = l;
4323
4324                         /* If the user asked for a particular
4325                          * property, show it to him, even if it is
4326                          * empty. */
4327                         arg_all = true;
4328                         break;
4329                 }
4330
4331                 case 'a':
4332                         arg_all = true;
4333                         break;
4334
4335                 case ARG_FAIL:
4336                         arg_fail = true;
4337                         break;
4338
4339                 case ARG_USER:
4340                         arg_user = true;
4341                         break;
4342
4343                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
4344                         arg_user = false;
4345                         break;
4346
4347                 case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
4348                         arg_no_block = true;
4349                         break;
4350
4351                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4352                         arg_no_wall = true;
4353                         break;
4354
4355                 case ARG_ORDER:
4356                         arg_dot = DOT_ORDER;
4357                         break;
4358
4359                 case ARG_REQUIRE:
4360                         arg_dot = DOT_REQUIRE;
4361                         break;
4362
4363                 case ARG_FULL:
4364                         arg_full = true;
4365                         break;
4366
4367                 case 'q':
4368                         arg_quiet = true;
4369                         break;
4370
4371                 case 'f':
4372                         arg_force = true;
4373                         break;
4374
4375                 case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
4376                         arg_no_reload = true;
4377                         break;
4378
4379                 case ARG_GLOBAL:
4380                         arg_global = true;
4381                         arg_user = true;
4382                         break;
4383
4384                 case ARG_DEFAULTS:
4385                         arg_defaults = true;
4386                         break;
4387
4388                 case ARG_KILL_WHO:
4389                         arg_kill_who = optarg;
4390                         break;
4391
4392                 case ARG_KILL_MODE:
4393                         arg_kill_mode = optarg;
4394                         break;
4395
4396                 case 's':
4397                         if ((arg_signal = signal_from_string_try_harder(optarg)) < 0) {
4398                                 log_error("Failed to parse signal string %s.", optarg);
4399                                 return -EINVAL;
4400                         }
4401                         break;
4402
4403                 case ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD:
4404                         arg_ask_password = false;
4405                         break;
4406
4407                 case '?':
4408                         return -EINVAL;
4409
4410                 default:
4411                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4412                         return -EINVAL;
4413                 }
4414         }
4415
4416         return 1;
4417 }
4418
4419 static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4420
4421         enum {
4422                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4423                 ARG_HALT,
4424                 ARG_REBOOT,
4425                 ARG_NO_WALL
4426         };
4427
4428         static const struct option options[] = {
4429                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4430                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HALT    },
4431                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'         },
4432                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REBOOT  },
4433                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
4434                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
4435                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
4436                 { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
4437                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4438                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4439         };
4440
4441         int c, runlevel;
4442
4443         assert(argc >= 0);
4444         assert(argv);
4445
4446         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
4447                 if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
4448                         arg_immediate = true;
4449
4450         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4451                 switch (c) {
4452
4453                 case ARG_HELP:
4454                         halt_help();
4455                         return 0;
4456
4457                 case ARG_HALT:
4458                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4459                         break;
4460
4461                 case 'p':
4462                         if (arg_action != ACTION_REBOOT)
4463                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4464                         break;
4465
4466                 case ARG_REBOOT:
4467                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4468                         break;
4469
4470                 case 'f':
4471                         arg_immediate = true;
4472                         break;
4473
4474                 case 'w':
4475                         arg_dry = true;
4476                         break;
4477
4478                 case 'd':
4479                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
4480                         break;
4481
4482                 case 'n':
4483                         arg_no_sync = true;
4484                         break;
4485
4486                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4487                         arg_no_wall = true;
4488                         break;
4489
4490                 case 'i':
4491                 case 'h':
4492                         /* Compatibility nops */
4493                         break;
4494
4495                 case '?':
4496                         return -EINVAL;
4497
4498                 default:
4499                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4500                         return -EINVAL;
4501                 }
4502         }
4503
4504         if (optind < argc) {
4505                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4506                 return -EINVAL;
4507         }
4508
4509         return 1;
4510 }
4511
4512 static int parse_time_spec(const char *t, usec_t *_u) {
4513         assert(t);
4514         assert(_u);
4515
4516         if (streq(t, "now"))
4517                 *_u = 0;
4518         else if (t[0] == '+') {
4519                 uint64_t u;
4520
4521                 if (safe_atou64(t + 1, &u) < 0)
4522                         return -EINVAL;
4523
4524                 *_u = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE * u;
4525         } else {
4526                 char *e = NULL;
4527                 long hour, minute;
4528                 struct tm tm;
4529                 time_t s;
4530                 usec_t n;
4531
4532                 errno = 0;
4533                 hour = strtol(t, &e, 10);
4534                 if (errno != 0 || *e != ':' || hour < 0 || hour > 23)
4535                         return -EINVAL;
4536
4537                 minute = strtol(e+1, &e, 10);
4538                 if (errno != 0 || *e != 0 || minute < 0 || minute > 59)
4539                         return -EINVAL;
4540
4541                 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
4542                 s = (time_t) (n / USEC_PER_SEC);
4543
4544                 zero(tm);
4545                 assert_se(localtime_r(&s, &tm));
4546
4547                 tm.tm_hour = (int) hour;
4548                 tm.tm_min = (int) minute;
4549                 tm.tm_sec = 0;
4550
4551                 assert_se(s = mktime(&tm));
4552
4553                 *_u = (usec_t) s * USEC_PER_SEC;
4554
4555                 while (*_u <= n)
4556                         *_u += USEC_PER_DAY;
4557         }
4558
4559         return 0;
4560 }
4561
4562 static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4563
4564         enum {
4565                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4566                 ARG_NO_WALL
4567         };
4568
4569         static const struct option options[] = {
4570                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4571                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, 'H'         },
4572                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'P'         },
4573                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'r'         },
4574                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4575                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4576         };
4577
4578         int c, r;
4579
4580         assert(argc >= 0);
4581         assert(argv);
4582
4583         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkt:afFc", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4584                 switch (c) {
4585
4586                 case ARG_HELP:
4587                         shutdown_help();
4588                         return 0;
4589
4590                 case 'H':
4591                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4592                         break;
4593
4594                 case 'P':
4595                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4596                         break;
4597
4598                 case 'r':
4599                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4600                         break;
4601
4602                 case 'h':
4603                         if (arg_action != ACTION_HALT)
4604                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4605                         break;
4606
4607                 case 'k':
4608                         arg_dry = true;
4609                         break;
4610
4611                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4612                         arg_no_wall = true;
4613                         break;
4614
4615                 case 't':
4616                 case 'a':
4617                         /* Compatibility nops */
4618                         break;
4619
4620                 case 'c':
4621                         arg_action = ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN;
4622                         break;
4623
4624                 case '?':
4625                         return -EINVAL;
4626
4627                 default:
4628                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4629                         return -EINVAL;
4630                 }
4631         }
4632
4633         if (argc > optind) {
4634                 if ((r = parse_time_spec(argv[optind], &arg_when)) < 0) {
4635                         log_error("Failed to parse time specification: %s", argv[optind]);
4636                         return r;
4637                 }
4638         } else
4639                 arg_when = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE;
4640
4641         /* We skip the time argument */
4642         if (argc > optind + 1)
4643                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
4644
4645         optind = argc;
4646
4647         return 1;
4648 }
4649
4650 static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4651
4652         enum {
4653                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4654                 ARG_NO_WALL
4655         };
4656
4657         static const struct option options[] = {
4658                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4659                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4660                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4661         };
4662
4663         static const struct {
4664                 char from;
4665                 enum action to;
4666         } table[] = {
4667                 { '0', ACTION_POWEROFF },
4668                 { '6', ACTION_REBOOT },
4669                 { '1', ACTION_RESCUE },
4670                 { '2', ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 },
4671                 { '3', ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 },
4672                 { '4', ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 },
4673                 { '5', ACTION_RUNLEVEL5 },
4674                 { 's', ACTION_RESCUE },
4675                 { 'S', ACTION_RESCUE },
4676                 { 'q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4677                 { 'Q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4678                 { 'u', ACTION_REEXEC },
4679                 { 'U', ACTION_REEXEC }
4680         };
4681
4682         unsigned i;
4683         int c;
4684
4685         assert(argc >= 0);
4686         assert(argv);
4687
4688         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4689                 switch (c) {
4690
4691                 case ARG_HELP:
4692                         telinit_help();
4693                         return 0;
4694
4695                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4696                         arg_no_wall = true;
4697                         break;
4698
4699                 case '?':
4700                         return -EINVAL;
4701
4702                 default:
4703                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4704                         return -EINVAL;
4705                 }
4706         }
4707
4708         if (optind >= argc) {
4709                 telinit_help();
4710                 return -EINVAL;
4711         }
4712
4713         if (optind + 1 < argc) {
4714                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4715                 return -EINVAL;
4716         }
4717
4718         if (strlen(argv[optind]) != 1) {
4719                 log_error("Expected single character argument.");
4720                 return -EINVAL;
4721         }
4722
4723         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
4724                 if (table[i].from == argv[optind][0])
4725                         break;
4726
4727         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
4728                 log_error("Unknown command %s.", argv[optind]);
4729                 return -EINVAL;
4730         }
4731
4732         arg_action = table[i].to;
4733
4734         optind ++;
4735
4736         return 1;
4737 }
4738
4739 static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4740
4741         enum {
4742                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4743         };
4744
4745         static const struct option options[] = {
4746                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4747                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4748         };
4749
4750         int c;
4751
4752         assert(argc >= 0);
4753         assert(argv);
4754
4755         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4756                 switch (c) {
4757
4758                 case ARG_HELP:
4759                         runlevel_help();
4760                         return 0;
4761
4762                 case '?':
4763                         return -EINVAL;
4764
4765                 default:
4766                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
4767                         return -EINVAL;
4768                 }
4769         }
4770
4771         if (optind < argc) {
4772                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4773                 return -EINVAL;
4774         }
4775
4776         return 1;
4777 }
4778
4779 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4780         assert(argc >= 0);
4781         assert(argv);
4782
4783         if (program_invocation_short_name) {
4784
4785                 if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "halt")) {
4786                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4787                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4788                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "poweroff")) {
4789                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4790                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4791                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "reboot")) {
4792                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4793                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4794                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "shutdown")) {
4795                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4796                         return shutdown_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4797                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
4798
4799                         if (sd_booted() > 0) {
4800                                 arg_action = ACTION_INVALID;
4801                                 return telinit_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4802                         } else {
4803                                 /* Hmm, so some other init system is
4804                                  * running, we need to forward this
4805                                  * request to it. For now we simply
4806                                  * guess that it is Upstart. */
4807
4808                                 execv("/lib/upstart/telinit", argv);
4809
4810                                 log_error("Couldn't find an alternative telinit implementation to spawn.");
4811                                 return -EIO;
4812                         }
4813
4814                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "runlevel")) {
4815                         arg_action = ACTION_RUNLEVEL;
4816                         return runlevel_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4817                 }
4818         }
4819
4820         arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
4821         return systemctl_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4822 }
4823
4824 static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
4825
4826         static const char table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
4827                 [ACTION_HALT] =      '0',
4828                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] =  '0',
4829                 [ACTION_REBOOT] =    '6',
4830                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = '2',
4831                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = '3',
4832                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = '4',
4833                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = '5',
4834                 [ACTION_RESCUE] =    '1'
4835         };
4836
4837         assert(arg_action < _ACTION_MAX);
4838
4839         return table[arg_action];
4840 }
4841
4842 static int talk_upstart(void) {
4843         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
4844         DBusError error;
4845         int previous, rl, r;
4846         char
4847                 env1_buf[] = "RUNLEVEL=X",
4848                 env2_buf[] = "PREVLEVEL=X";
4849         char *env1 = env1_buf, *env2 = env2_buf;
4850         const char *emit = "runlevel";
4851         dbus_bool_t b_false = FALSE;
4852         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
4853         DBusConnection *bus;
4854
4855         dbus_error_init(&error);
4856
4857         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
4858                 return 0;
4859
4860         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&previous, NULL) < 0)
4861                 previous = 'N';
4862
4863         if (!(bus = dbus_connection_open_private("unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart", &error))) {
4864                 if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_SERVER)) {
4865                         r = 0;
4866                         goto finish;
4867                 }
4868
4869                 log_error("Failed to connect to Upstart bus: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
4870                 r = -EIO;
4871                 goto finish;
4872         }
4873
4874         if ((r = bus_check_peercred(bus)) < 0) {
4875                 log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
4876                 goto finish;
4877         }
4878
4879         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
4880                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart",
4881                               "/com/ubuntu/Upstart",
4882                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6",
4883                               "EmitEvent"))) {
4884
4885                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
4886                 r = -ENOMEM;
4887                 goto finish;
4888         }
4889
4890         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
4891
4892         env1_buf[sizeof(env1_buf)-2] = rl;
4893         env2_buf[sizeof(env2_buf)-2] = previous;
4894
4895         if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &emit) ||
4896             !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub) ||
4897             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env1) ||
4898             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env2) ||
4899             !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub) ||
4900             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b_false)) {
4901                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
4902                 r = -ENOMEM;
4903                 goto finish;
4904         }
4905
4906         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
4907
4908                 if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
4909                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
4910                         goto finish;
4911                 }
4912
4913                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
4914                 r = -EIO;
4915                 goto finish;
4916         }
4917
4918         r = 0;
4919
4920 finish:
4921         if (m)
4922                 dbus_message_unref(m);
4923
4924         if (reply)
4925                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
4926
4927         if (bus) {
4928                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
4929                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
4930                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
4931         }
4932
4933         dbus_error_free(&error);
4934
4935         return r;
4936 }
4937
4938 static int talk_initctl(void) {
4939         struct init_request request;
4940         int r, fd;
4941         char rl;
4942
4943         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
4944                 return 0;
4945
4946         zero(request);
4947         request.magic = INIT_MAGIC;
4948         request.sleeptime = 0;
4949         request.cmd = INIT_CMD_RUNLVL;
4950         request.runlevel = rl;
4951
4952         if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) {
4953
4954                 if (errno == ENOENT)
4955                         return 0;
4956
4957                 log_error("Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
4958                 return -errno;
4959         }
4960
4961         errno = 0;
4962         r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false) != sizeof(request);
4963         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4964
4965         if (r < 0) {
4966                 log_error("Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
4967                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4968         }
4969
4970         return 1;
4971 }
4972
4973 static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError *error) {
4974
4975         static const struct {
4976                 const char* verb;
4977                 const enum {
4978                         MORE,
4979                         LESS,
4980                         EQUAL
4981                 } argc_cmp;
4982                 const int argc;
4983                 int (* const dispatch)(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
4984         } verbs[] = {
4985                 { "list-units",            LESS,  1, list_units        },
4986                 { "list-jobs",             EQUAL, 1, list_jobs         },
4987                 { "clear-jobs",            EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
4988                 { "load",                  MORE,  2, load_unit         },
4989                 { "cancel",                MORE,  2, cancel_job        },
4990                 { "start",                 MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4991                 { "stop",                  MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4992                 { "reload",                MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4993                 { "restart",               MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4994                 { "try-restart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4995                 { "reload-or-restart",     MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4996                 { "reload-or-try-restart", MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4997                 { "force-reload",          MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with SysV */
4998                 { "condrestart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with RH */
4999                 { "isolate",               EQUAL, 2, start_unit        },
5000                 { "kill",                  MORE,  2, kill_unit         },
5001                 { "is-active",             MORE,  2, check_unit        },
5002                 { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit        },
5003                 { "show",                  MORE,  1, show              },
5004                 { "status",                MORE,  2, show              },
5005                 { "monitor",               EQUAL, 1, monitor           },
5006                 { "dump",                  EQUAL, 1, dump              },
5007                 { "dot",                   EQUAL, 1, dot               },
5008                 { "snapshot",              LESS,  2, snapshot          },
5009                 { "delete",                MORE,  2, delete_snapshot   },
5010                 { "daemon-reload",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5011                 { "daemon-reexec",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
5012                 { "show-environment",      EQUAL, 1, show_enviroment   },
5013                 { "set-environment",       MORE,  2, set_environment   },
5014                 { "unset-environment",     MORE,  2, set_environment   },
5015                 { "halt",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5016                 { "poweroff",              EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5017                 { "reboot",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5018                 { "kexec",                 EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5019                 { "default",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5020                 { "rescue",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5021                 { "emergency",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5022                 { "exit",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
5023                 { "reset-failed",          MORE,  1, reset_failed      },
5024                 { "enable",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
5025                 { "disable",               MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
5026                 { "is-enabled",            MORE,  2, enable_unit       }
5027         };
5028
5029         int left;
5030         unsigned i;
5031
5032         assert(argc >= 0);
5033         assert(argv);
5034         assert(error);
5035
5036         left = argc - optind;
5037
5038         if (left <= 0)
5039                 /* Special rule: no arguments means "list-units" */
5040                 i = 0;
5041         else {
5042                 if (streq(argv[optind], "help")) {
5043                         systemctl_help();
5044                         return 0;
5045                 }
5046
5047                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(verbs); i++)
5048                         if (streq(argv[optind], verbs[i].verb))
5049                                 break;
5050
5051                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
5052                         log_error("Unknown operation %s", argv[optind]);
5053                         return -EINVAL;
5054                 }
5055         }
5056
5057         switch (verbs[i].argc_cmp) {
5058
5059         case EQUAL:
5060                 if (left != verbs[i].argc) {
5061                         log_error("Invalid number of arguments.");
5062                         return -EINVAL;
5063                 }
5064
5065                 break;
5066
5067         case MORE:
5068                 if (left < verbs[i].argc) {
5069                         log_error("Too few arguments.");
5070                         return -EINVAL;
5071                 }
5072
5073                 break;
5074
5075         case LESS:
5076                 if (left > verbs[i].argc) {
5077                         log_error("Too many arguments.");
5078                         return -EINVAL;
5079                 }
5080
5081                 break;
5082
5083         default:
5084                 assert_not_reached("Unknown comparison operator.");
5085         }
5086
5087         /* Require a bus connection for all operations but
5088          * enable/disable */
5089         if (!streq(verbs[i].verb, "enable") &&
5090             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "disable") &&
5091             !bus) {
5092                 log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", error->message);
5093                 return -EIO;
5094         }
5095
5096         return verbs[i].dispatch(bus, argv + optind, left);
5097 }
5098
5099 static int send_shutdownd(usec_t t, char mode, bool warn, const char *message) {
5100         int fd = -1;
5101         struct msghdr msghdr;
5102         struct iovec iovec;
5103         union sockaddr_union sockaddr;
5104         struct shutdownd_command c;
5105
5106         zero(c);
5107         c.elapse = t;
5108         c.mode = mode;
5109         c.warn_wall = warn;
5110
5111         if (message)
5112                 strncpy(c.wall_message, message, sizeof(c.wall_message));
5113
5114         if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0)
5115                 return -errno;
5116
5117         zero(sockaddr);
5118         sockaddr.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
5119         sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] = 0;
5120         strncpy(sockaddr.un.sun_path+1, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/shutdownd", sizeof(sockaddr.un.sun_path)-1);
5121
5122         zero(iovec);
5123         iovec.iov_base = (char*) &c;
5124         iovec.iov_len = sizeof(c);
5125
5126         zero(msghdr);
5127         msghdr.msg_name = &sockaddr;
5128         msghdr.msg_namelen = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + sizeof("/org/freedesktop/systemd1/shutdownd") - 1;
5129
5130         msghdr.msg_iov = &iovec;
5131         msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
5132
5133         if (sendmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0) {
5134                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5135                 return -errno;
5136         }
5137
5138         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5139         return 0;
5140 }
5141
5142 static int reload_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5143
5144         if (bus) {
5145                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5146                 if (daemon_reload(bus, NULL, 0) > 0)
5147                         return 0;
5148         }
5149
5150         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
5151         assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
5152
5153         if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0) {
5154                 log_error("kill() failed: %m");
5155                 return -errno;
5156         }
5157
5158         return 0;
5159 }
5160
5161 static int start_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5162
5163         if (bus) {
5164                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5165                 if (start_unit(bus, NULL, 0) >= 0)
5166                         goto done;
5167         }
5168
5169         /* Hmm, talking to systemd via D-Bus didn't work. Then
5170          * let's try to talk to Upstart via D-Bus. */
5171         if (talk_upstart() > 0)
5172                 goto done;
5173
5174         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try
5175          * /dev/initctl */
5176         if (talk_initctl() > 0)
5177                 goto done;
5178
5179         log_error("Failed to talk to init daemon.");
5180         return -EIO;
5181
5182 done:
5183         warn_wall(arg_action);
5184         return 0;
5185 }
5186
5187 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
5188         int r;
5189
5190         if (geteuid() != 0) {
5191                 log_error("Must be root.");
5192                 return -EPERM;
5193         }
5194
5195         if (arg_when > 0) {
5196                 char *m;
5197                 char date[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
5198
5199                 m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
5200                 r = send_shutdownd(arg_when,
5201                                    arg_action == ACTION_HALT     ? 'H' :
5202                                    arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? 'P' :
5203                                                                    'r',
5204                                    !arg_no_wall,
5205                                    m);
5206                 free(m);
5207
5208                 if (r < 0)
5209                         log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, proceeding with immediate shutdown: %s", strerror(-r));
5210                 else {
5211                         log_info("Shutdown scheduled for %s, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.",
5212                                  format_timestamp(date, sizeof(date), arg_when));
5213                         return 0;
5214                 }
5215         }
5216
5217         if (!arg_dry && !arg_immediate)
5218                 return start_with_fallback(bus);
5219
5220         if (!arg_no_wtmp) {
5221                 if (sd_booted() > 0)
5222                         log_debug("Not writing utmp record, assuming that systemd-update-utmp is used.");
5223                 else if ((r = utmp_put_shutdown(0)) < 0)
5224                         log_warning("Failed to write utmp record: %s", strerror(-r));
5225         }
5226
5227         if (!arg_no_sync)
5228                 sync();
5229
5230         if (arg_dry)
5231                 return 0;
5232
5233         /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
5234          * point on... */
5235         reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
5236
5237         switch (arg_action) {
5238
5239         case ACTION_HALT:
5240                 log_info("Halting.");
5241                 reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
5242                 break;
5243
5244         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5245                 log_info("Powering off.");
5246                 reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
5247                 break;
5248
5249         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5250                 log_info("Rebooting.");
5251                 reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
5252                 break;
5253
5254         default:
5255                 assert_not_reached("Unknown halt action.");
5256         }
5257
5258         /* We should never reach this. */
5259         return -ENOSYS;
5260 }
5261
5262 static int runlevel_main(void) {
5263         int r, runlevel, previous;
5264
5265         if ((r = utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, &previous)) < 0) {
5266                 printf("unknown\n");
5267                 return r;
5268         }
5269
5270         printf("%c %c\n",
5271                previous <= 0 ? 'N' : previous,
5272                runlevel <= 0 ? 'N' : runlevel);
5273
5274         return 0;
5275 }
5276
5277 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
5278         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
5279         DBusConnection *bus = NULL;
5280         DBusError error;
5281
5282         dbus_error_init(&error);
5283
5284         log_parse_environment();
5285         log_open();
5286
5287         if ((r = parse_argv(argc, argv)) < 0)
5288                 goto finish;
5289         else if (r == 0) {
5290                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
5291                 goto finish;
5292         }
5293
5294         /* /sbin/runlevel doesn't need to communicate via D-Bus, so
5295          * let's shortcut this */
5296         if (arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL) {
5297                 r = runlevel_main();
5298                 retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5299                 goto finish;
5300         }
5301
5302         bus_connect(arg_user ? DBUS_BUS_SESSION : DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &bus, &private_bus, &error);
5303
5304         switch (arg_action) {
5305
5306         case ACTION_SYSTEMCTL:
5307                 r = systemctl_main(bus, argc, argv, &error);
5308                 break;
5309
5310         case ACTION_HALT:
5311         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5312         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5313                 r = halt_main(bus);
5314                 break;
5315
5316         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL2:
5317         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL3:
5318         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL4:
5319         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL5:
5320         case ACTION_RESCUE:
5321         case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
5322         case ACTION_DEFAULT:
5323                 r = start_with_fallback(bus);
5324                 break;
5325
5326         case ACTION_RELOAD:
5327         case ACTION_REEXEC:
5328                 r = reload_with_fallback(bus);
5329                 break;
5330
5331         case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN:
5332                 r = send_shutdownd(0, 0, false, NULL);
5333                 break;
5334
5335         case ACTION_INVALID:
5336         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
5337         default:
5338                 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
5339         }
5340
5341         retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5342
5343 finish:
5344
5345         if (bus) {
5346                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
5347                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
5348                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
5349         }
5350
5351         dbus_error_free(&error);
5352
5353         dbus_shutdown();
5354
5355         strv_free(arg_property);
5356
5357         return retval;
5358 }