1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
76 #include "device-nodes.h"
83 char **saved_argv = NULL;
85 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
86 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
88 size_t page_size(void) {
89 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
92 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
95 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
102 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
104 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
115 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
122 pl = strlen(postfix);
125 return (char*) s + sl;
130 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
133 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
136 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
151 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
155 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
158 int close_nointr(int fd) {
164 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
165 * thing to do on Linux.
167 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
168 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
169 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
170 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
172 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
180 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
183 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
186 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
189 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
192 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
194 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
195 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
198 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
209 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
212 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
214 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
220 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
221 unsigned long ul = 0;
228 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
234 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
244 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
245 unsigned long ul = 0;
252 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
258 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
265 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
273 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
275 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
276 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
278 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
281 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
285 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
293 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
295 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
296 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
298 if ((long) (int) l != l)
305 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
307 unsigned long long l;
313 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
315 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
316 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
322 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
330 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
332 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
333 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
346 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
351 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
352 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
358 /* Split a string into words. */
359 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
362 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
364 if (!*current || *c == 0)
367 current += strspn(current, separator);
368 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
371 return (char*) current;
374 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
375 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
376 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
378 bool escaped = false;
380 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
382 if (!*current || *c == 0)
385 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
387 if (*current == '\'') {
390 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
400 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
401 } else if (*current == '\"') {
404 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
414 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
416 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
421 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
428 return (char*) current;
431 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
433 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
446 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
451 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
452 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
456 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
457 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
458 * skip over it manually */
460 p = strrchr(line, ')');
472 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
475 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
480 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
481 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
489 p = "/proc/self/stat";
491 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
497 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
504 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
505 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
506 * skip over it manually */
508 p = strrchr(line, ')');
530 "%*d " /* priority */
532 "%*d " /* num_threads */
533 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
534 "%llu " /* starttime */,
541 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
546 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
552 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
555 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
559 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
566 p = "/proc/self/comm";
568 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
570 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
573 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
574 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
583 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
585 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
591 if (max_length == 0) {
592 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
594 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
596 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
601 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
611 r = new(char, max_length);
617 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
639 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
646 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
647 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
648 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
656 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
660 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
669 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
681 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
686 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
690 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
693 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
698 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
705 p = "/proc/self/status";
707 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
709 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
712 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
721 p = "/proc/self/exe";
723 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
725 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
729 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
736 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
737 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
747 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
752 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
757 if (startswith(l, field)) {
759 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
761 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
763 return parse_uid(l, uid);
770 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
771 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
774 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
775 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
776 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
779 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
787 return strndup(suffix, b);
796 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
799 r = new(char, a+b+1);
804 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
810 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
811 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
814 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
824 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
827 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
833 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
844 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
845 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
852 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
856 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
864 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
871 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
875 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
882 path_kill_slashes(*r);
887 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
890 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
891 struct sigaction sa = {
892 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
893 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
896 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
899 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
900 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
901 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
909 char *strstrip(char *s) {
912 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
913 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
915 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
917 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
918 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
926 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
929 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
931 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
943 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
950 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
956 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
963 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
964 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
967 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
968 return strdup(filename);
970 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
971 return strdup(filename);
973 k = strlen(filename);
974 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
977 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
978 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
983 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
992 /* Skip trailing slashes */
993 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
999 /* Skip last component */
1000 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1003 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1004 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1010 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1013 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1022 if (errno != ENOENT)
1029 char hexchar(int x) {
1030 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1032 return table[x & 15];
1035 int unhexchar(char c) {
1037 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1040 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1041 return c - 'a' + 10;
1043 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1044 return c - 'A' + 10;
1049 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1053 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1057 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1058 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1059 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1066 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1072 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1076 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1079 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1081 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1085 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1092 char octchar(int x) {
1093 return '0' + (x & 7);
1096 int unoctchar(char c) {
1098 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1104 char decchar(int x) {
1105 return '0' + (x % 10);
1108 int undecchar(char c) {
1110 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1116 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1122 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1124 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1128 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1174 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1175 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1176 * g_strescape() does the same */
1177 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1180 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1181 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1192 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1199 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1201 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1203 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1208 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1210 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1253 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1258 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1261 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1262 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1264 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1265 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1269 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1284 /* octal encoding */
1287 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1288 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1289 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1291 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1292 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1296 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1304 /* premature end of string.*/
1309 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1322 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1325 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1328 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1331 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1335 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1336 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1339 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1343 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1345 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1346 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1349 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1350 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1360 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1366 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1367 * with. Can be reversed with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1368 * case the empty string. */
1373 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1377 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1379 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1380 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1382 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1383 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1384 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1386 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1387 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1397 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1402 /* Special case for the empty string */
1406 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1410 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1415 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1416 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1417 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1420 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1432 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1437 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1438 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1439 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1444 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1448 filename[0] == '.' ||
1449 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1450 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1451 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1452 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1453 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1454 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1455 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1456 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1457 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1460 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1463 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1466 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1469 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1474 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1478 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1480 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1482 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1488 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1493 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1497 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1499 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1501 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1507 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1510 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1512 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1519 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1524 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1526 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1531 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1532 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1535 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1536 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1538 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1541 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1542 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1549 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1552 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1555 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1556 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1565 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1568 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1569 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1570 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1579 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1582 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1583 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1590 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1591 static const char table[] =
1601 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1605 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1607 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1613 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1617 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1620 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1623 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1629 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1630 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1632 char line[LINE_MAX];
1637 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1638 new_termios = old_termios;
1640 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1641 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1642 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1644 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1647 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1648 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1649 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1654 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1656 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1662 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1669 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1670 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1673 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1678 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1688 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1698 bool need_nl = true;
1701 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1708 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1712 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1715 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1716 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1727 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1732 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1736 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1737 struct termios termios;
1740 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1744 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1745 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1746 * interfere with that. */
1748 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1749 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1751 /* Switch to text mode */
1753 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1755 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1756 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1758 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1763 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1764 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1765 * else will do that for us */
1767 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1768 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1769 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1770 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1771 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1773 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1774 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1775 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1776 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1777 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1778 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1779 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1780 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1781 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1782 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1783 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1784 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1785 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1787 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1788 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1790 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1794 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1795 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1800 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1803 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1807 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1808 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1813 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1818 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1819 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1820 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1821 * retrying a couple of times.
1823 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1826 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1829 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1836 /* Max 1s in total */
1840 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1849 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1854 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1861 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1862 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1872 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1882 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1888 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1897 int acquire_terminal(
1901 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1904 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1909 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1910 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1911 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1913 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1914 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1915 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1916 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1917 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1918 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1919 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1920 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1922 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1923 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1925 if (!fail && !force) {
1926 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1932 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1940 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1941 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1942 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1946 r = flush_fd(notify);
1951 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1952 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1953 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1954 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1958 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1959 * if we already own the tty. */
1960 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1962 /* First, try to get the tty */
1963 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1966 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1968 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1969 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1970 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1971 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1974 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1983 assert(notify >= 0);
1986 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1988 struct inotify_event *e;
1990 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1993 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1994 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1999 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2009 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2012 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2019 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2024 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2029 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2030 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2032 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2039 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2040 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2041 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2042 * an endless loop. */
2043 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2047 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2049 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2051 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2057 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2060 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2065 int release_terminal(void) {
2067 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2068 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2069 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2071 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2073 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2077 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2078 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2079 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2081 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2084 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2089 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2094 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2095 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2102 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2103 struct sigaction sa = {
2104 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2105 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2111 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2115 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2116 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2123 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2124 struct sigaction sa = {
2125 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2126 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2131 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2135 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2136 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2143 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2149 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2154 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2158 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2161 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2170 while (nbytes > 0) {
2173 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2175 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2178 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2179 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2184 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2188 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2191 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2192 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2193 * via read()/write()
2199 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2210 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2219 while (nbytes > 0) {
2222 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2225 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2228 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2229 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2234 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2238 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2241 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2242 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2243 * via read()/write()
2249 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2260 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2261 static const struct {
2263 unsigned long long factor;
2267 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2268 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2271 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2276 unsigned long long r = 0;
2288 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2299 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2301 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2302 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2303 unsigned long long tmp;
2304 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2306 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2307 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2311 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2314 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2318 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2328 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2333 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2334 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2335 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2338 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2340 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2343 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2348 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2351 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2355 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2358 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2360 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2361 * sysfs or in /dev */
2364 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2365 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2368 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2369 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2378 union dirent_storage buf;
2380 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2387 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2392 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2393 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2410 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2411 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2415 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2419 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2420 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2426 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2429 unsigned random_u(void) {
2430 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2434 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2438 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2445 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2448 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2451 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2452 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2453 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2454 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2455 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2456 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2459 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2461 if (program_invocation_name)
2462 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2464 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2468 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2470 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2474 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2479 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2486 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2487 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2491 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2494 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2496 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2497 return strdup(u.nodename);
2499 return strdup(u.sysname);
2502 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2505 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2507 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2510 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2513 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2514 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2516 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2518 return strdup("root");
2520 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2524 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2528 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2529 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2531 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2537 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2541 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2546 return lookup_uid(uid);
2549 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2556 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2559 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2560 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2565 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2571 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2579 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2583 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2587 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2589 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2596 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2597 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2598 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2599 unsigned long ttynr;
2607 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2609 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2611 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2615 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2616 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2620 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2630 "%*d " /* session */
2635 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2642 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2644 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2649 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2653 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2655 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2661 /* This is an ugly hack */
2662 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2663 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2673 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2674 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2675 * vaguely useful. */
2688 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2690 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2708 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2714 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2715 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2719 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2721 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2726 union dirent_storage buf;
2727 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2731 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2732 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2740 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2743 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2745 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2746 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2747 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2752 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2755 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2756 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2758 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2759 keep_around = false;
2765 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2766 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2769 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2770 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2771 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2772 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2777 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2778 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2782 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2783 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2787 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2789 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2790 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2801 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2804 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2805 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2808 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2813 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2814 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2818 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2819 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2821 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2822 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2823 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2827 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2830 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2836 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2837 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2838 * seriously broken system. */
2839 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2840 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2844 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2847 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2851 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2854 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2855 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2860 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2861 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2868 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2869 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2873 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2874 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2875 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2880 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2883 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2886 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2895 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2896 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2899 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2900 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2903 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2906 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2907 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2908 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2910 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2911 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2914 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2915 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2921 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2924 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2925 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2926 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2928 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2929 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2932 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2933 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2939 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2943 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2946 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2949 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2950 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2960 if (errno != EINVAL)
2967 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2968 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2969 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2970 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2971 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2973 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2977 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2978 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2980 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2983 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2996 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3002 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3010 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3011 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3014 if (!isempty(status)) {
3015 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3016 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3017 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3019 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3022 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3024 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3026 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3032 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3038 va_start(ap, format);
3039 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3045 int status_welcome(void) {
3046 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3049 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3050 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3051 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3054 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3055 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3057 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3058 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3059 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3060 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3063 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3070 const char *e, *word = format;
3075 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3086 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3095 } else if (*e == '$') {
3096 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3112 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3114 k = strappend(r, t);
3128 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3139 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3141 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3143 l = strv_length(argv);
3145 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3148 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3150 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3151 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3156 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3159 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3170 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3179 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3187 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3188 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3198 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3199 struct winsize ws = {};
3201 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3210 unsigned columns(void) {
3214 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3215 return cached_columns;
3218 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3223 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3232 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3233 struct winsize ws = {};
3235 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3244 unsigned lines(void) {
3248 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3249 return cached_lines;
3252 e = getenv("LINES");
3257 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3263 return cached_lines;
3266 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3267 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3273 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3275 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3276 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3278 return cached_on_tty;
3281 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3282 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3284 /* Only works as root */
3285 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3288 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3292 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3293 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3296 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3301 assert(percent <= 100);
3302 assert(new_length >= 3);
3304 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3305 return strndup(s, old_length);
3307 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3311 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3313 if (x > new_length - 3)
3321 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3322 new_length - x - 3);
3327 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3331 unsigned k, len, len2;
3334 assert(percent <= 100);
3335 assert(new_length >= 3);
3337 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3338 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3339 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3341 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3342 return strndup(s, old_length);
3344 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3346 if (x > new_length - 3)
3350 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3353 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3356 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3359 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3362 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3365 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3366 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3369 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3373 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3375 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3377 /* make space for ellipsis */
3378 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3381 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3382 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3387 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3388 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3392 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3396 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3401 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3402 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3405 int touch(const char *path) {
3410 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3411 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3414 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3418 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3422 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3426 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3427 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3428 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3435 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3436 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3441 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3442 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3445 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3457 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3461 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3469 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3473 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3479 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3490 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3502 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3509 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3511 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3515 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3516 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3517 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3518 return status.si_status;
3521 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3524 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3525 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3527 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3531 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3535 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3537 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3538 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3546 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3549 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3552 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3558 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3563 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3566 return null_or_empty(&st);
3569 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3573 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3575 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3581 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3588 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3592 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3594 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3595 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3600 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3601 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3605 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3609 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3610 t = new(char, enc_len);
3614 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3617 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3623 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3626 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3627 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3629 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3630 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3632 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3633 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3635 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3636 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3641 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3644 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3647 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3650 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3653 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3656 return streq(tty, "console");
3659 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3664 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3667 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3670 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3673 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3677 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3683 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3686 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3687 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3689 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3692 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3695 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3696 * /dev/console points to */
3697 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3703 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3706 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3707 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3709 tty = *active = tmp;
3716 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3717 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3721 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3724 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3725 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3730 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3733 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3736 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3739 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3742 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3745 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3746 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3747 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3753 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3756 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3757 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3758 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3761 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3764 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3767 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3770 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3774 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3775 * waits for them to finish. */
3778 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3780 if (errno == ENOENT)
3783 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3790 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3791 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3795 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3800 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3803 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3808 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3809 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3827 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3828 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3831 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3833 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3834 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3839 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3840 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3844 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3849 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3853 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3854 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3855 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3856 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3858 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3860 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3871 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3874 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3877 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3885 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3891 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3892 if (streq(i, needle))
3898 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3899 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3902 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3911 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3913 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3914 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3915 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3921 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3928 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3935 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3945 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3951 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3955 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3962 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3963 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3974 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3979 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3981 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3983 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3986 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3993 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3996 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3998 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4003 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4010 return pollfd.revents;
4013 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4024 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4028 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4032 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4034 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4040 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4053 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4056 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4062 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4065 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4069 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4070 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4075 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4079 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4080 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4081 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4083 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4086 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4087 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4088 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4090 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4095 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4096 "\033[H" /* move home */
4097 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4099 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4104 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4107 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4114 /* Try to deallocate */
4115 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4119 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4120 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4128 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4130 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4135 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4136 "\033[H" /* move home */
4137 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4139 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4144 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4145 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4151 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4155 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4163 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4177 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4179 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4188 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4198 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4200 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4203 unsigned long long ull;
4210 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4214 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4218 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4221 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4222 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4228 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4231 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4240 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4244 display[0] == ':' &&
4245 display[1] >= '0' &&
4249 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4256 if (!display_is_local(display))
4259 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4261 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4265 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4266 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4275 const char **username,
4276 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4278 const char **shell) {
4286 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4287 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4289 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4307 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4311 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4312 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4313 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4314 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4315 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4317 *username = p->pw_name;
4320 p = getpwnam(*username);
4324 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4336 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4341 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4346 return strdup("root");
4350 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4352 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4358 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4363 return strdup("root");
4367 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4369 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4375 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4381 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4382 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4384 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4385 *groupname = "root";
4393 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4398 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4401 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4405 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4413 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4415 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4417 if (getgid() == gid)
4420 if (getegid() == gid)
4423 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4424 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4426 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4428 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4432 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4439 int in_group(const char *name) {
4443 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4450 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4451 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4457 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4459 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4461 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4464 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4466 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4469 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4470 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4475 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4477 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4479 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4481 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4482 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4484 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4485 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4493 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4499 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4502 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4506 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4507 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4508 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4509 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4510 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4511 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4512 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4518 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4520 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4523 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4527 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4528 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4534 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4535 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4536 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4537 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4541 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4542 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4551 union dirent_storage buf;
4554 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4561 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4563 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4567 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4568 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4571 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4582 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4588 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4602 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4607 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4631 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4645 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4646 static __thread int cached = 0;
4648 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4649 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4654 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4661 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4662 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4665 r = access(p, F_OK);
4673 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4674 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4677 r = access(p, F_OK);
4683 /* Get parent dev_t */
4684 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4687 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4693 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4699 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4700 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4703 r = access(p, F_OK);
4707 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4714 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4719 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4723 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4724 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4727 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4728 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4729 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4730 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4731 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4734 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4736 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4737 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4738 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4739 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4740 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4741 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4742 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4745 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4747 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4748 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4749 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4750 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4751 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4752 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4753 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4754 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4755 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4756 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4757 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4758 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4759 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4760 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4761 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4762 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4763 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4764 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4765 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4766 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4767 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4770 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4772 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4773 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4774 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4775 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4777 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4778 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4779 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4780 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4783 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4785 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4786 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4787 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4788 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4789 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4793 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4795 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4796 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4797 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4798 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4799 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4800 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4801 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4802 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4803 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4804 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4805 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4806 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4807 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4808 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4809 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4810 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4811 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4814 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4816 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4817 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4818 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4819 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4820 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4823 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4825 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4842 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4853 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4855 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4861 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4863 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4864 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4867 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4871 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4872 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4874 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4879 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4884 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4888 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4892 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4893 signo = (int) u + offset;
4894 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4900 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4901 bool loaded = false;
4904 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4912 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4930 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4932 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4941 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4948 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4951 static const struct {
4955 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4956 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4957 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4958 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4959 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4963 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4965 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4968 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4969 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4976 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4984 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4997 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4999 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5001 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5003 l == sizeof(value) &&
5004 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5008 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5015 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5017 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5019 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5021 l == sizeof(value) &&
5022 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5026 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5033 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5034 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5036 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5044 parent_pid = getpid();
5046 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5053 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5060 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5061 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5062 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5064 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5065 * to set the death signal */
5066 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5067 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5069 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5070 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5072 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5073 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5075 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5076 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5077 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5078 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5079 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5080 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5081 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5082 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5083 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5085 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5086 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5090 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5093 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5099 /* Count arguments */
5101 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5106 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5108 /* Fill in arguments */
5110 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5111 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5115 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5118 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5119 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5123 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5129 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5130 * to get as close as we can */
5131 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5133 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5134 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5136 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5142 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5143 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5155 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5157 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5159 f = fopen(path, "re");
5167 char line[LINE_MAX];
5170 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5174 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5184 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5185 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5199 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5202 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5205 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5208 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5211 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5214 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5220 bool in_initrd(void) {
5221 static __thread int saved = -1;
5227 /* We make two checks here:
5229 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5230 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5232 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5233 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5234 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5237 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5238 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5239 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5244 void warn_melody(void) {
5245 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5247 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5251 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5253 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5254 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5256 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5257 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5259 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5260 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5262 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5265 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5268 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5270 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5272 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5278 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5285 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5293 /* Take the user specified one */
5304 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5307 h = strdup("/root");
5315 /* Check the database... */
5319 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5321 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5324 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5332 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5346 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5352 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5357 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5358 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5361 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5369 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5370 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5372 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5377 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5378 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5384 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5389 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5392 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5395 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5396 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5399 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5405 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5406 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5407 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5416 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5417 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5420 else if (comparison > 0)
5428 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5430 static int cached_answer = -1;
5432 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5435 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5436 cached_answer = true;
5440 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5442 cached_answer = true;
5446 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5447 cached_answer = true;
5451 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5452 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5453 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5455 cached_answer = true;
5459 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5463 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5464 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5468 return (bool) cached_answer;
5471 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5472 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5474 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5475 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5476 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5477 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5478 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5479 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5481 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5482 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5483 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5484 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5485 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5486 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5487 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5491 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5494 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5497 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5503 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5504 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5517 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5523 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5524 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5532 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5544 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5545 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5550 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5552 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5558 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5560 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5562 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5566 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5571 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5573 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5574 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5575 else if (*i == '\t')
5582 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5585 } else if (*i == '[') {
5586 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5591 state = STATE_OTHER;
5598 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5599 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5602 state = STATE_OTHER;
5604 } else if (*i == 'm')
5605 state = STATE_OTHER;
5627 int on_ac_power(void) {
5628 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5629 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5631 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5637 union dirent_storage buf;
5638 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5643 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5650 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5653 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5655 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5661 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5663 if (errno == ENOENT)
5669 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5673 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5676 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5677 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5679 if (errno == ENOENT)
5685 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5689 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5692 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5693 found_online = true;
5695 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5696 found_offline = true;
5701 return found_online || !found_offline;
5704 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5711 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5714 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5715 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5718 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5728 if (errno != ENOENT)
5735 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5736 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5742 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5745 f = fopen(path, mode);
5754 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5758 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5761 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5762 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5764 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5767 f = fopen(path, mode);
5776 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5780 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5783 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5785 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5789 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5790 d = mkdtemp(template);
5793 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5797 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5803 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5804 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5807 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5811 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5813 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5815 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5819 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5833 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5840 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5847 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5852 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5861 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5871 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5885 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5893 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5897 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5904 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5908 if (*allocated >= need)
5911 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5921 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5927 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5929 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5932 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5933 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5934 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5938 } else if (l == 36) {
5940 /* Formatted UUID */
5942 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5945 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5949 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5950 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5951 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5962 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5967 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5976 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5991 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5995 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6007 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6008 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
6013 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6016 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6019 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
6020 if (l == 23 && memcmp(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
6026 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6029 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6034 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);