1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
32 #include <sys/resource.h>
33 #include <linux/sched.h>
34 #include <sys/types.h>
38 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
40 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
62 #include <sys/xattr.h>
63 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
67 /* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
68 * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
69 * version which is really broken. */
73 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
85 #include "path-util.h"
86 #include "exit-status.h"
90 #include "device-nodes.h"
95 #include "sparse-endian.h"
97 /* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
98 assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
101 char **saved_argv = NULL;
103 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
104 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
106 size_t page_size(void) {
107 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
110 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
113 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
120 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
122 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
133 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
140 pl = strlen(postfix);
143 return (char*) s + sl;
148 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
151 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
154 char* endswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
161 pl = strlen(postfix);
164 return (char*) s + sl;
169 if (strcasecmp(s + sl - pl, postfix) != 0)
172 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
175 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
182 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
183 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
184 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
195 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
202 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
205 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
209 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
210 char * buf_old = buf;
256 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
257 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
258 * g_strescape() does the same */
259 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
261 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
262 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
263 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
269 return buf - buf_old;
272 int close_nointr(int fd) {
279 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
282 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
283 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
284 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
285 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
293 int safe_close(int fd) {
296 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
297 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
298 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
300 * fd = safe_close(fd);
306 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
307 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
308 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
309 * the fd was invalid at all... */
311 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
317 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
320 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
322 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
326 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
337 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
340 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
342 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
348 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
349 unsigned long ul = 0;
356 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
362 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
372 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
373 unsigned long ul = 0;
380 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
386 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
389 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
390 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
393 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
394 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
401 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
409 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
411 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
412 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
414 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
417 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
421 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
429 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
431 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
432 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
434 if ((long) (int) l != l)
441 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
449 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
451 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
452 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
454 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
461 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
469 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
471 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
472 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
474 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
481 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
489 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
491 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
492 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
494 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
501 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
503 unsigned long long l;
509 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
511 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
512 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
518 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
526 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
528 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
529 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
535 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
543 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
544 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
548 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
550 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
552 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
560 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
561 bool escaped = false;
564 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
567 else if (s[n] == '\\')
569 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
573 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
577 /* Split a string into words. */
578 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
584 assert(**state == '\0');
588 current += strspn(current, separator);
594 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
595 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
597 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
598 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
599 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
600 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
604 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
605 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
607 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
608 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
609 /* unfinished escape */
613 *state = current + *l;
615 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
616 *state = current + *l;
622 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
624 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
637 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
641 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
642 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
643 * skip over it manually */
645 p = strrchr(line, ')');
657 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
660 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
665 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
670 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
676 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
679 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
683 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
687 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
691 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
692 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
696 p = strrchr(line, ')');
702 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
705 return (unsigned char) state;
708 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
715 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
717 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
724 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
725 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
733 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
739 if (max_length == 0) {
740 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
742 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
744 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
749 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
759 r = new(char, max_length);
765 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
787 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
794 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
796 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
804 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
808 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
817 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
829 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
834 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
838 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
841 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
846 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
852 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
854 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
857 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
863 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
865 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
870 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
877 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
878 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
882 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
889 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
890 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
900 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
905 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
910 if (startswith(l, field)) {
912 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
914 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
916 return parse_uid(l, uid);
923 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
924 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
927 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
928 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
929 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
932 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
937 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
939 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
942 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
947 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
949 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
952 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
953 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
954 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
957 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
962 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
968 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
969 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
973 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
975 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
985 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
993 return strndup(suffix, b);
1002 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
1005 r = new(char, a+b+1);
1010 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1016 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1017 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1020 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1035 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1042 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1053 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1054 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1057 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1058 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1062 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1066 value = basename(link);
1070 value = strdup(value);
1079 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1080 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1087 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1091 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1099 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1106 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1110 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1117 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1122 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1125 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1126 struct sigaction sa = {
1127 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1128 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1131 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1132 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1135 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1136 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1137 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1138 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1145 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1148 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1151 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1157 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1160 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1161 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1163 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1165 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1166 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1174 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1177 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1179 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1180 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1191 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1198 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1199 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1202 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1203 return strdup(filename);
1205 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1207 return strdup(filename);
1209 k = strlen(filename);
1210 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1214 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1218 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1227 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1228 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1234 /* Skip last component */
1235 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1238 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1239 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1245 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1248 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1257 if (errno != ENOENT)
1264 char hexchar(int x) {
1265 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1267 return table[x & 15];
1270 int unhexchar(char c) {
1272 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1275 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1276 return c - 'a' + 10;
1278 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1279 return c - 'A' + 10;
1284 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1288 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1292 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1293 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1294 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1301 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1307 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1311 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1314 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1316 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1320 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1327 char octchar(int x) {
1328 return '0' + (x & 7);
1331 int unoctchar(char c) {
1333 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1339 char decchar(int x) {
1340 return '0' + (x % 10);
1343 int undecchar(char c) {
1345 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1351 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1357 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1359 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1363 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1364 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1371 static int cunescape_one(const char *p, size_t length, char *ret) {
1378 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 1)
1415 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1420 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1423 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 3)
1426 a = unhexchar(p[1]);
1430 b = unhexchar(p[2]);
1434 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1435 if (a == 0 && b == 0)
1438 *ret = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1451 /* octal encoding */
1454 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 4)
1457 a = unoctchar(p[0]);
1461 b = unoctchar(p[1]);
1465 c = unoctchar(p[2]);
1469 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1470 if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)
1473 /* Don't allow bytes above 255 */
1474 m = (a << 6) | (b << 3) | c;
1490 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1497 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1499 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1501 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1506 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1508 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1512 remaining = s + length - f;
1513 assert(remaining > 0);
1515 if (*f != '\\' || remaining == 1) {
1516 /* a literal literal, or a trailing backslash, copy verbatim */
1521 k = cunescape_one(f + 1, remaining - 1, t);
1523 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1536 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1537 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1540 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1543 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1546 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1550 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1551 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1554 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1558 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1560 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1561 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1564 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1565 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1575 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1580 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1581 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1582 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1587 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1591 filename[0] == '.' ||
1592 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1593 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1594 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1595 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1596 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1597 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1598 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1599 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1600 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1601 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1602 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1603 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1604 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1605 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1608 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1611 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1614 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1617 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1622 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1627 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1629 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1631 if (nflags == flags)
1634 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1640 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1645 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1650 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1652 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1654 if (nflags == flags)
1657 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1663 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1666 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1668 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1675 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1676 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1680 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1682 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1687 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1688 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1691 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1692 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1694 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1697 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1698 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1705 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1708 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1711 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1712 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1721 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1724 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1725 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1726 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1734 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1737 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1738 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1745 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1746 static const char table[] =
1761 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1765 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1769 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1771 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1777 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1781 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1784 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1787 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1793 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1794 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1795 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1800 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1801 new_termios = old_termios;
1803 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1804 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1805 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1807 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1810 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1811 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1812 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1817 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1819 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1825 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1832 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1833 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1838 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1839 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1843 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1853 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1863 bool need_nl = true;
1866 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1873 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1877 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1880 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1881 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1892 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1897 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1901 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1906 char line[LINE_MAX];
1910 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1917 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1922 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1923 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1925 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1944 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1945 struct termios termios;
1948 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1952 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1953 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1954 * interfere with that. */
1956 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1957 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1959 /* Switch to text mode */
1961 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1963 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1964 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1966 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1971 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1972 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1973 * else will do that for us */
1975 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1976 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1977 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1978 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1979 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1981 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1982 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1983 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1984 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1985 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1986 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1987 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1988 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1989 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1990 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1991 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1992 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1993 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1995 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1996 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1998 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2002 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2003 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2008 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2009 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2011 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2015 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2018 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2023 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2024 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2025 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2026 * retrying a couple of times.
2028 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2031 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
2034 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
2041 /* Max 1s in total */
2045 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2063 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2064 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2074 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2084 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2090 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2099 int acquire_terminal(
2103 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2106 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2111 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2112 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2113 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2115 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2116 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2117 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2118 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2119 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2120 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2121 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2122 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2124 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2125 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2127 if (!fail && !force) {
2128 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2134 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2142 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2143 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2144 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2148 r = flush_fd(notify);
2153 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2154 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2155 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2156 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2160 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2161 * if we already own the tty. */
2162 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2164 /* First, try to get the tty */
2165 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2168 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2170 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2171 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2172 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2173 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2176 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2185 assert(notify >= 0);
2188 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2189 struct inotify_event *e;
2192 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2195 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2196 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2201 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2211 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2213 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2220 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2221 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2230 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2231 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2232 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2233 * an endless loop. */
2234 fd = safe_close(fd);
2239 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2241 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2252 int release_terminal(void) {
2253 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2254 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2255 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2258 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2259 struct sigaction sa_old;
2262 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2266 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2267 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2268 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2270 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2273 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2278 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2283 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2284 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2291 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2292 struct sigaction sa = {
2293 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2294 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2299 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2303 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2304 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2311 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2312 struct sigaction sa = {
2313 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2314 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2319 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2323 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2324 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2331 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2335 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2337 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2341 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2342 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2345 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2352 while (nbytes > 0) {
2355 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2360 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2362 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2363 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2366 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2370 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2384 int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2387 n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
2390 if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
2395 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2396 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2403 while (nbytes > 0) {
2406 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2411 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2412 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2413 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2416 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2423 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2433 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2435 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2436 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2437 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2438 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2439 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2440 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2441 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2443 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2444 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2445 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2446 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2451 unsigned long long factor;
2454 static const struct table iec[] = {
2455 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2456 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2457 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2458 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2459 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2465 static const struct table si[] = {
2466 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2467 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2468 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2469 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2470 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2476 const struct table *table;
2478 unsigned long long r = 0;
2479 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2482 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2487 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2490 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2496 unsigned long long l2;
2502 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2515 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2518 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2519 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2521 if (errno == ERANGE)
2524 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2531 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2533 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2534 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2535 unsigned long long tmp;
2536 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2538 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2539 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2543 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2546 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2562 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2567 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2568 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2569 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2574 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2577 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2578 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2579 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2580 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2581 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2586 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2589 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2593 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2596 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2598 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2599 * sysfs or in /dev */
2602 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2603 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2606 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2607 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2618 if (!de && errno != 0)
2624 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2629 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2630 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2647 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2648 static int have_syscall = -1;
2650 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2653 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2654 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2655 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2656 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2657 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2658 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2660 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2661 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2662 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2663 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2665 have_syscall = true;
2670 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2671 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2672 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2673 have_syscall = false;
2674 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2675 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2676 * remember to use the syscall the
2677 * next time, again, but also read
2678 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2679 * doesn't care about the current
2680 * amount of entropy. */
2681 have_syscall = true;
2685 /* too short read? */
2689 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2691 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2693 return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, true);
2696 void initialize_srand(void) {
2697 static bool srand_called = false;
2699 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2708 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2709 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2710 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2711 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2713 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2715 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2718 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2719 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2722 srand_called = true;
2725 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2729 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2733 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2734 * get a PRNG instead. */
2738 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2742 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2745 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2746 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2747 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2748 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2749 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2750 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2753 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2755 if (program_invocation_name)
2756 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2758 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2762 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2764 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2768 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2773 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2780 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2781 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2785 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2790 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2793 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2794 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2797 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2803 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2806 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2808 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2809 return strdup(u.nodename);
2811 return strdup(u.sysname);
2814 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2817 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2819 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2822 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2825 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2826 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2828 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2830 return strdup("root");
2832 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2836 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2840 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2841 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2843 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2849 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2853 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2858 return lookup_uid(uid);
2861 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2868 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2871 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2881 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2886 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2887 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2904 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2908 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2912 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2914 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2921 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2923 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2925 unsigned long ttynr;
2929 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2930 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2934 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2944 "%*d " /* session */
2949 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2958 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2959 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2960 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2967 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2971 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2973 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2979 /* This is an ugly hack */
2980 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2981 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr)) < 0)
2984 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2985 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2986 * vaguely useful. */
2993 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2995 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3012 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3013 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
3018 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3019 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3025 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3030 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3037 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
3042 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3045 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3047 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3048 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3049 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3054 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3057 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3058 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3060 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3061 keep_around = false;
3067 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3068 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3071 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3072 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3073 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3074 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3079 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3080 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3084 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3085 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3089 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3091 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3092 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3099 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3102 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3103 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3106 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3109 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3112 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3115 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3120 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3125 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3126 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3128 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3129 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3134 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3137 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3142 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3146 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3147 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3150 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3156 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3157 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3158 * seriously broken system. */
3159 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3160 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3164 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3167 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3171 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3174 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3175 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3180 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3181 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3188 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3193 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3194 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3200 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3203 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3206 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3215 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3216 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3219 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3220 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3223 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3226 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3227 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3228 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3230 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3231 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3234 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3235 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3241 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3244 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3245 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3246 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3248 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3249 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3252 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3253 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3259 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3263 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3266 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3269 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3270 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3280 if (errno != EINVAL)
3287 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3288 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3289 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3290 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3291 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3293 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3297 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3298 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3300 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3303 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3316 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3322 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3330 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3331 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3334 if (!isempty(status)) {
3335 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3336 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3337 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3339 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3342 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3344 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3346 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3352 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3358 va_start(ap, format);
3359 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3365 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3372 const char *e, *word = format;
3377 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3388 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3398 } else if (*e == '$') {
3399 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3416 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3418 k = strappend(r, t);
3432 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3444 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3446 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3448 l = strv_length(argv);
3450 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3454 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3456 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3457 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3459 char **w, **m = NULL;
3462 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3466 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
3478 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3488 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3496 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3497 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3509 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3510 struct winsize ws = {};
3512 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3521 unsigned columns(void) {
3525 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3526 return cached_columns;
3529 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3531 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3534 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3540 return cached_columns;
3543 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3544 struct winsize ws = {};
3546 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3555 unsigned lines(void) {
3559 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3560 return cached_lines;
3563 e = getenv("LINES");
3565 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3568 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3574 return cached_lines;
3577 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3578 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3584 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3586 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3587 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3589 return cached_on_tty;
3592 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3595 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3598 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3601 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3602 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3605 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3608 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3615 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3620 assert(percent <= 100);
3621 assert(new_length >= 3);
3623 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3624 return strndup(s, old_length);
3626 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3630 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3632 if (x > new_length - 3)
3640 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3641 new_length - x - 3);
3646 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3650 unsigned k, len, len2;
3653 assert(percent <= 100);
3654 assert(new_length >= 3);
3656 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3657 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3658 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3660 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3661 return strndup(s, old_length);
3663 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3665 if (x > new_length - 3)
3669 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3672 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3675 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3678 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3681 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3684 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3685 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3688 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3692 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3694 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3696 /* make space for ellipsis */
3697 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3700 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3701 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3706 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3707 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3711 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3715 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3720 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3721 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3724 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3725 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3731 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3733 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3738 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3743 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3744 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3749 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3750 struct timespec ts[2];
3752 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3754 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3756 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3763 int touch(const char *path) {
3764 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3767 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3771 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3772 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3773 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3780 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3781 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3786 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3787 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3791 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3801 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3806 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3807 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3809 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3813 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3816 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3827 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3841 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3842 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3843 * failed for an unknown reason.
3844 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3847 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3848 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3850 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3851 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3853 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3860 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3862 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3864 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3865 if (status.si_status != 0)
3866 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3867 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3869 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3871 return status.si_status;
3872 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3873 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3875 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3879 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3883 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3885 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3886 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3894 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3897 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3900 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3906 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3911 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3914 return null_or_empty(&st);
3917 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3922 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3925 return null_or_empty(&st);
3928 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3932 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3934 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3947 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3951 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3953 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3954 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3959 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3960 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3963 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3967 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3968 t = new(char, enc_len);
3972 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3975 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3978 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3981 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3982 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3984 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3985 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3987 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3988 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3990 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3991 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3996 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3999 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4002 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4005 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4008 return streq(tty, "console");
4011 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4016 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4019 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4022 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4025 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4029 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4035 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
4038 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
4039 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
4041 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
4044 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
4047 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
4048 * /dev/console points to */
4049 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
4055 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
4058 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
4059 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
4061 tty = *active = tmp;
4068 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4069 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
4073 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4076 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
4077 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
4082 return tty_is_vc(tty);
4085 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4088 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
4091 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4094 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
4097 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4098 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4099 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4105 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4108 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4109 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4110 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4113 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4116 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4119 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4120 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4121 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
4124 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
4125 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
4127 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4128 reset_signal_mask();
4130 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4132 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4136 seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
4140 STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
4141 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
4144 d = opendir(*directory);
4146 if (errno == ENOENT)
4149 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
4152 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4153 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4157 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4160 if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
4161 log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
4165 r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
4169 path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4173 if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
4174 log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
4180 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4182 } else if (pid == 0) {
4185 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4195 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4198 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4200 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4207 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4208 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4209 * and turn on alarm(). */
4211 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4212 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4214 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4215 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4218 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4221 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4224 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4230 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4234 char **dirs = (char**) directories;
4236 assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
4238 name = basename(dirs[0]);
4239 assert(!isempty(name));
4241 /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
4242 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
4243 * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
4244 * earliest one wins. */
4246 executor_pid = fork();
4247 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4248 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4251 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4252 r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
4253 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4256 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
4259 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4262 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4270 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4276 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4277 if (streq(i, needle))
4283 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4284 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4287 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4296 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4298 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4299 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4300 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4306 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4313 /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
4314 * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
4315 * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
4318 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4325 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4335 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4341 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4345 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4352 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4353 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4364 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4369 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4371 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4374 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4375 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4384 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4385 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4387 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4392 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4399 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4402 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4404 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4412 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4419 return pollfd.revents;
4422 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4431 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4435 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4441 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4454 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4457 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4463 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4464 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4466 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4470 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4473 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4477 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4478 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4479 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4481 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4484 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4485 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4486 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4488 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4493 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4494 "\033[H" /* move home */
4495 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4502 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4505 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4512 /* Try to deallocate */
4513 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4517 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4526 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4528 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4533 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4534 "\033[H" /* move home */
4535 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4542 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4543 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4549 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4553 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4556 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4564 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4565 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4570 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4574 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4577 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4585 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4586 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4591 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4595 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4598 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4606 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4610 display[0] == ':' &&
4611 display[1] >= '0' &&
4615 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4622 if (!display_is_local(display))
4625 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4627 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4631 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4632 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4641 const char **username,
4642 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4644 const char **shell) {
4652 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4653 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4655 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4673 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4677 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4678 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4679 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4680 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4681 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4683 *username = p->pw_name;
4686 p = getpwnam(*username);
4690 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4702 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4707 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4712 return strdup("root");
4716 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4718 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4724 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4729 return strdup("root");
4733 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4735 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4741 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4747 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4748 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4750 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4751 *groupname = "root";
4759 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4764 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4767 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4771 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4779 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4781 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4783 if (getgid() == gid)
4786 if (getegid() == gid)
4789 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4790 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4792 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4794 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4798 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4805 int in_group(const char *name) {
4809 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4816 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4817 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4823 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4825 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4827 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4830 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4832 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4835 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4836 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4841 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4843 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4845 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4847 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4848 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4850 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4851 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4859 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4865 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4868 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4872 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4873 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4874 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4875 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4876 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4877 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4878 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4884 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4885 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4886 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4887 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4891 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4892 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4904 if (!de && errno != 0)
4909 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4911 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4915 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4916 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4919 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4930 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4936 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4950 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4955 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4979 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4993 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4994 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4996 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4997 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5002 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5009 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5010 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5013 r = access(p, F_OK);
5021 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5022 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5025 r = access(p, F_OK);
5031 /* Get parent dev_t */
5032 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5035 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5041 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5047 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5048 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5051 r = access(p, F_OK);
5055 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5062 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5063 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5064 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5065 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5066 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5069 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
5071 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5072 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5073 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5074 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5075 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5076 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5077 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5080 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5082 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5083 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5084 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5085 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5086 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5087 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5088 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5089 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5090 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5091 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5092 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5093 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5094 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5095 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5096 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5097 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5098 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5099 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5100 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5101 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5102 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5105 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5107 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5108 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5109 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5110 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5112 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5113 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5114 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5115 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5118 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5120 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5121 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5122 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5123 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5124 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5128 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5130 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5131 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5132 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5133 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5134 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5135 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5136 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5137 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5138 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5139 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5140 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5141 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5142 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5143 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5144 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5145 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5146 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5149 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5151 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5152 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5153 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5154 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5155 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5158 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5160 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5177 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5188 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5190 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5196 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5198 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5199 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5202 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5206 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5207 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5209 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5214 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5219 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5223 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5227 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5228 signo = (int) u + offset;
5229 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5235 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5236 bool loaded = false;
5239 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5247 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5249 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5258 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5265 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5268 static const struct {
5272 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5273 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5274 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5275 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5276 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5280 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5283 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5285 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5288 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5289 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5296 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5304 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5317 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5319 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5321 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5322 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5325 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5328 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5329 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5335 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5337 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5339 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5340 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5343 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5346 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5347 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5352 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5353 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5354 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5355 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5363 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5366 parent_pid = getpid();
5368 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5369 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5370 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5371 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5372 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5375 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5376 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5380 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5381 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5388 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5389 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5390 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5392 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5393 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5394 * SIGTERM or so... */
5395 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5396 reset_signal_mask();
5398 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5399 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5400 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5401 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5403 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5404 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5406 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5407 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5409 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5412 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5413 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5414 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5415 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5416 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5417 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5418 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5419 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5421 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5422 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5426 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5429 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5435 /* Count arguments */
5437 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5442 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5444 /* Fill in arguments */
5446 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5447 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5451 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5454 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5455 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5459 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5465 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5466 * to get as close as we can */
5467 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5469 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5470 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5472 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5478 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5479 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5490 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5492 f = fopen(path, "re");
5500 char line[LINE_MAX];
5503 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5507 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5517 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5518 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5532 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
5536 if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
5539 if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
5545 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5551 p = startswith(url, "http://");
5553 p = startswith(url, "https://");
5560 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5563 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5569 if (http_url_is_valid(url))
5572 p = startswith(url, "file:/");
5574 p = startswith(url, "info:");
5576 p = startswith(url, "man:");
5581 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5584 bool in_initrd(void) {
5585 static int saved = -1;
5591 /* We make two checks here:
5593 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5594 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5596 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5597 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5598 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5601 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5602 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5603 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5608 void warn_melody(void) {
5609 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5611 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5615 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5617 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5618 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5620 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5621 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5623 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5624 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5626 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5629 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5632 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5634 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5636 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5640 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5645 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5653 /* Take the user specified one */
5654 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5655 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5664 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5667 h = strdup("/root");
5675 /* Check the database... */
5679 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5681 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5684 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5692 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5700 /* Take the user specified one */
5701 e = getenv("SHELL");
5711 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5714 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5722 /* Check the database... */
5726 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5728 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5731 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5739 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5753 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5759 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5765 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5766 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5769 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5777 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5778 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5780 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5785 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5786 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5789 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5799 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5804 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5807 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5810 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5811 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5814 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5820 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5821 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5822 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5831 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5832 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5835 else if (comparison > 0)
5843 void init_gettext(void) {
5844 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
5845 textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
5848 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5850 static int cached_answer = -1;
5852 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5855 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5856 cached_answer = true;
5860 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5862 cached_answer = true;
5866 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5867 cached_answer = true;
5871 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5872 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5873 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5875 cached_answer = true;
5879 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5883 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5884 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5888 return (bool) cached_answer;
5891 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5892 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5895 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5896 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5897 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5898 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5899 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5900 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5901 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5902 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5905 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5906 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5907 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5908 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5909 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5910 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5911 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5912 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5917 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5920 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5923 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5929 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5930 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5943 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5949 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5950 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5958 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5970 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5971 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5976 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5978 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5984 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5986 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5988 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5992 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5997 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5999 else if (*i == '\x1B')
6000 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
6001 else if (*i == '\t')
6008 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
6011 } else if (*i == '[') {
6012 state = STATE_BRACKET;
6017 state = STATE_OTHER;
6024 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
6025 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
6028 state = STATE_OTHER;
6030 } else if (*i == 'm')
6031 state = STATE_OTHER;
6053 int on_ac_power(void) {
6054 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
6055 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
6057 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
6059 return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
6063 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
6069 if (!de && errno != 0)
6075 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
6078 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6080 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
6086 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6088 if (errno == ENOENT)
6094 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6098 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
6102 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6104 if (errno == ENOENT)
6110 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6114 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
6117 if (contents[0] == '1') {
6118 found_online = true;
6120 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
6121 found_offline = true;
6126 return found_online || !found_offline;
6129 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
6136 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
6139 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
6140 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
6144 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6146 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6156 if (errno != ENOENT)
6163 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6164 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6170 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6173 f = fopen(path, mode);
6182 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6186 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6189 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6190 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6192 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6195 f = fopen(path, mode);
6204 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6208 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6211 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6218 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6225 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6230 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6239 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6249 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6263 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6271 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6275 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6282 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6289 if (*allocated >= need)
6292 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6293 a = newalloc * size;
6295 /* check for overflows */
6296 if (a < size * need)
6304 *allocated = newalloc;
6308 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6317 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6321 if (*allocated > prev)
6322 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6327 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6333 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6335 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6338 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6339 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6340 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6344 } else if (l == 36) {
6346 /* Formatted UUID */
6348 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6351 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6355 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6356 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6357 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6368 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6383 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6387 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6399 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6400 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6403 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6409 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6412 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6415 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6416 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6418 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6421 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6422 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6428 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6434 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6437 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6443 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6445 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6448 value = strchr(word, '=');
6452 r = parse_item(word, value);
6460 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6461 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6468 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6474 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6477 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6483 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6485 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6489 e = startswith(word, key);
6493 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6499 if (streq(word, key))
6513 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6514 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6522 p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6523 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6531 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6534 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6544 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6545 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6553 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6554 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6562 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6563 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6571 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6572 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6580 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6581 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6587 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6590 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6593 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6598 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6603 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6606 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6610 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6614 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6618 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6621 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6625 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6628 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6631 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6637 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6638 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6643 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6646 return errno != ESRCH;
6649 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6652 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6657 r = get_process_state(pid);
6658 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6664 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6665 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6672 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6676 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6679 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6680 * to namespacing issues */
6683 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6685 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6692 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6704 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6708 if (errno != ERANGE)
6715 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6731 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6732 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6733 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6740 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6747 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6754 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6755 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6760 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6761 p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6763 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6771 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6774 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6777 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6778 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6780 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6781 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6783 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6784 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6789 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6791 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6792 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6793 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6794 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6795 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6796 * used by libseccomp. */
6798 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6800 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6803 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6806 #elif defined(__i386__)
6808 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6812 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6813 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6814 * as error indicator. */
6815 return 0xffffffffUL;
6818 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6820 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6822 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6828 #elif defined(__i386__)
6837 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6840 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6841 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6843 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6846 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6849 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6850 const uint8_t *b = p;
6853 assert(s == 0 || b);
6858 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6860 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6865 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6873 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6878 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6892 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6897 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6899 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6900 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6902 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6907 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6911 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6912 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6913 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6916 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6921 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6922 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6926 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6929 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6930 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6931 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6932 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6933 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6934 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6935 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6936 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6937 "- " /* (8) separator */
6938 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6939 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6940 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6941 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6950 p = cunescape(path);
6954 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6957 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6973 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6976 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6978 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6982 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6983 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6984 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6987 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6988 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6989 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6990 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6991 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6992 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6993 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6994 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6995 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6996 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6997 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6998 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6999 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
7001 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
7005 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
7007 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
7012 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
7013 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
7014 bool top_autofs = false;
7016 unsigned long orig_flags;
7018 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
7022 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
7023 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
7027 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
7030 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
7031 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
7032 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
7033 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
7034 "%*s " /* (4) root */
7035 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
7036 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
7037 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
7038 "- " /* (8) separator */
7039 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
7040 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
7041 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
7042 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
7052 p = cunescape(path);
7056 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
7057 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
7058 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
7059 * future submounts anyway. If they are
7060 * already triggered, then we will find
7061 * another entry for this. */
7062 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
7063 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
7067 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
7068 !set_contains(done, p)) {
7070 r = set_consume(todo, p);
7080 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
7081 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
7083 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
7084 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
7087 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
7088 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
7089 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
7090 * mount, make it one. */
7091 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
7095 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
7096 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7098 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
7101 x = strdup(cleaned);
7105 r = set_consume(done, x);
7110 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
7112 r = set_consume(done, x);
7118 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
7119 * don't care for errors, in case of
7120 * obstructed mounts */
7122 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
7123 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7125 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
7127 /* Deal with mount points that are
7128 * obstructed by a later mount */
7130 if (errno != ENOENT)
7138 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
7145 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7150 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
7162 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
7166 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7169 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
7173 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
7175 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7179 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7193 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7197 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7200 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7204 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7207 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7208 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7214 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7218 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7229 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7232 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7236 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7239 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7240 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7246 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7250 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7251 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7254 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7255 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7257 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7258 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7259 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7260 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7261 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7262 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7263 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7264 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7267 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7269 struct flock flock = {
7271 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7279 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7280 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7281 * our own trivial version of this.
7283 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7284 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7285 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7286 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7287 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7290 path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7292 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7294 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7298 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7307 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7310 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7313 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7316 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7321 r = stat(path, &st);
7323 r = lstat(path, &st);
7327 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7330 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, UnquoteFlags flags) {
7331 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7332 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7340 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7342 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7350 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7351 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7352 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7353 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7363 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7373 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7375 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7377 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7378 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7381 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7391 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7396 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7399 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7400 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7414 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7417 } else if (c == '\'')
7420 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7422 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7430 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7432 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7437 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7440 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7441 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7449 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7458 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7460 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7468 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7470 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7475 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7478 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7479 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7487 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7493 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7515 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, UnquoteFlags flags, ...) {
7520 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7521 * quotes if necessary. */
7525 /* Count how many words are expected */
7526 va_start(ap, flags);
7528 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7537 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7538 l = newa0(char*, n);
7539 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7541 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], flags);
7545 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7555 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7557 va_start(ap, flags);
7558 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7561 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7571 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7576 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7577 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7592 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7594 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7598 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7605 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7612 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7625 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7629 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7639 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7640 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7641 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7643 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7644 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7646 struct msghdr mh = {
7647 .msg_control = &control,
7648 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7650 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7657 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7661 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7671 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7673 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7675 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7677 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7679 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7681 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7682 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7683 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7684 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7685 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7687 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7689 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7690 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7692 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7695 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7697 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7700 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7703 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7706 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7707 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7711 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7712 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7715 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7725 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7726 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7729 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7731 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7735 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7742 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7748 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7755 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7762 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7763 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7765 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7768 if (n != sizeof(le))
7771 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7774 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7778 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7781 if (n != sizeof(le))
7784 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7787 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7794 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7797 if (n != sizeof(le))
7800 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7803 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7809 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7811 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7812 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7818 int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7819 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7826 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7830 new_attr = old_attr | mask;
7832 new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
7834 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7837 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7843 int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7844 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7851 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7855 return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);
7858 int change_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
7859 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7866 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7869 new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) |(value & mask);
7871 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7874 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7880 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
7883 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
7889 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
7890 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7895 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7899 return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
7902 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7903 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7904 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
7908 * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
7909 * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
7910 * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
7911 * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
7912 * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
7913 * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
7914 * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
7924 .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
7925 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7929 fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
7933 r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
7936 /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
7937 if (errno == EINVAL)
7938 r = flock(fd, operation);
7941 return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
7944 /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
7945 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
7946 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
7947 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
7948 * hence try again. */
7953 if (st.st_nlink > 0)
7956 fd = safe_close(fd);
7961 ret->operation = operation;
7969 int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7977 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7980 t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
7981 stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
7983 return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
7986 void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
7994 /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
7995 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
7996 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
7999 (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
8000 static const struct flock fl = {
8002 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
8005 r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
8006 if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
8007 r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
8010 f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
8013 if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
8014 unlink_noerrno(f->path);
8020 f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
8024 static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
8039 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
8040 const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
8048 n = nul_length(q, e - q);
8050 /* If there are more than the specified run length of
8051 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
8052 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
8053 if ((n > run_length) ||
8054 (n > 0 && q == p) ||
8055 (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
8057 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8064 if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
8076 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8083 return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
8086 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
8092 if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
8093 (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
8096 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
8097 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
8107 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
8110 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
8111 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8113 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
8114 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8115 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8117 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
8118 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8119 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8120 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
8125 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
8126 (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
8130 *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
8132 *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
8138 ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
8144 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
8145 if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
8151 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
8152 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
8156 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(mh, cmsg))
8157 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
8158 close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
8161 int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
8165 ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
8169 /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
8170 * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
8172 if (errno != EINVAL)
8175 /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
8176 * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
8177 * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
8179 ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
8180 if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
8181 ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
8182 return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
8185 /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
8186 ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
8190 ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
8192 /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
8194 (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);