1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
67 #include "path-util.h"
68 #include "exit-status.h"
72 char **saved_argv = NULL;
74 size_t page_size(void) {
75 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
78 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
81 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
88 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
90 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
101 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
104 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
106 return timespec_load(&ts);
109 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
112 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
113 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
118 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
127 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
129 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
131 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
132 ts->monotonic -= delta;
140 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
145 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
148 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
151 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
152 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
157 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
162 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
165 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
168 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
169 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
174 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
181 pl = strlen(postfix);
189 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
192 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
207 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
210 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
226 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
227 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
234 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
249 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
253 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
256 int close_nointr(int fd) {
271 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
272 int saved_errno = errno;
274 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
277 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
282 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
285 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
286 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
289 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
292 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
294 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
300 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
301 unsigned long ul = 0;
308 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
313 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
323 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
324 unsigned long ul = 0;
331 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
336 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
343 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
351 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
353 if (!x || *x || errno)
354 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
356 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
359 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
363 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
371 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
373 if (!x || *x || errno)
374 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
376 if ((long) (int) l != l)
383 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
385 unsigned long long l;
391 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
408 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || *x || errno)
411 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
417 /* Split a string into words. */
418 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
421 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
423 if (!*current || *c == 0)
426 current += strspn(current, separator);
427 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
430 return (char*) current;
433 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
434 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
435 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
437 bool escaped = false;
439 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
441 if (!*current || *c == 0)
444 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
446 if (*current == '\'') {
449 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
459 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
460 } else if (*current == '\"') {
463 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
473 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
475 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
480 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
487 return (char*) current;
490 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
493 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
499 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
502 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
505 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
506 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
513 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
514 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
515 * skip over it manually */
517 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
528 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
531 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
536 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
539 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
544 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
547 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
550 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
551 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
558 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
559 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
560 * skip over it manually */
562 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
583 "%*d " /* priority */
585 "%*d " /* num_threads */
586 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
587 "%llu " /* starttime */,
594 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
606 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
611 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
629 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
634 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
640 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
648 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
652 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
655 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
660 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
671 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
687 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
690 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
699 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
725 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
732 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
735 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
741 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
746 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
753 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
759 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
774 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
798 const char *separator, ...) {
801 char *contents = NULL, *p;
806 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
811 const char *key = NULL;
813 p += strspn(p, separator);
814 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
819 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
823 va_start(ap, separator);
824 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
828 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
831 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
836 n = strcspn(p, separator);
839 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
841 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
852 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
869 p += strcspn(p, separator);
888 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
892 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
895 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
908 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
911 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
912 log_error("Out of memory");
917 t = strv_append(m, u);
921 log_error("Out of memory");
944 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
949 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
953 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
969 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
984 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
987 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
991 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
997 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
1000 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1003 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1010 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1017 assert(max_length > 0);
1021 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1024 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1034 r = new(char, max_length);
1042 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1064 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1065 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1072 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1082 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1086 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
1097 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1107 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1116 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1120 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1123 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1128 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1134 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1137 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1140 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1147 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1157 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1167 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1169 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1179 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1181 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1183 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1185 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1198 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1206 return strndup(suffix, b);
1216 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1220 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1226 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1227 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1230 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1240 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1243 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1249 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1260 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1267 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1270 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1280 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1287 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1291 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1298 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1303 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1306 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1307 struct sigaction sa;
1309 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1313 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1314 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1316 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1317 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1318 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1319 if (errno != EINVAL)
1326 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1329 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1330 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1332 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1334 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1335 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1343 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1346 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1348 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1349 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1360 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1366 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1367 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1373 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1380 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1381 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1384 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1385 return strdup(filename);
1387 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1388 return strdup(filename);
1390 k = strlen(filename);
1391 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1394 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1395 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1400 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1409 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1410 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1416 /* Skip last component */
1417 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1420 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1421 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1427 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1430 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1439 if (errno != ENOENT)
1447 char hexchar(int x) {
1448 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1450 return table[x & 15];
1453 int unhexchar(char c) {
1455 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1458 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1459 return c - 'a' + 10;
1461 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1462 return c - 'A' + 10;
1467 char octchar(int x) {
1468 return '0' + (x & 7);
1471 int unoctchar(char c) {
1473 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1479 char decchar(int x) {
1480 return '0' + (x % 10);
1483 int undecchar(char c) {
1485 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1491 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1497 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1499 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1503 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1549 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1550 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1551 * g_strescape() does the same */
1552 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1554 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1555 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1556 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1567 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1573 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1575 r = new(char, length+1);
1579 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1622 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1627 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1630 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1631 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1633 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1634 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1638 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1653 /* octal encoding */
1656 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1657 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1658 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1660 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1661 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1665 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1673 /* premature end of string.*/
1678 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1690 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1691 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1694 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1698 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1699 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1702 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1705 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1707 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1708 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1711 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1712 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1722 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1728 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1729 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1731 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1734 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1736 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1737 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1738 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1740 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1741 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1751 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1756 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1759 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1764 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1765 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1766 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1769 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1781 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1786 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1787 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1788 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1793 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1797 filename[0] == '.' ||
1798 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1799 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1800 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1801 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1802 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1803 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1804 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1805 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1806 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1807 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1810 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1815 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1819 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1821 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1823 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1829 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1834 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1838 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1840 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1842 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1848 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1851 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1853 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1860 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1865 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1867 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1872 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1873 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1876 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1877 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1879 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1882 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1883 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1890 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1893 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1896 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1897 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1906 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1909 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1910 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1911 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1920 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1923 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1924 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1931 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1941 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1943 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1949 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1952 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1954 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1959 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1960 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1961 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1962 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1963 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1964 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1965 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1966 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1967 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1968 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1969 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1970 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1971 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1972 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1973 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1974 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1975 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1976 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1977 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1978 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1979 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1980 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1981 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1982 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1983 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1984 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1985 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1986 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1987 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1988 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1989 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1990 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1991 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1992 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1993 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1994 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1995 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1997 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1998 (unsigned long long) d);
2000 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2006 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2007 static const struct {
2011 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2012 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2013 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2014 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2015 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2016 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2026 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2030 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2035 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2037 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2041 if (t < table[i].usec)
2047 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2048 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2061 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2062 static const char * const table[] = {
2074 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2075 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2084 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2089 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2093 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2098 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2101 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2105 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2109 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2110 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2112 char line[LINE_MAX];
2117 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2118 new_termios = old_termios;
2120 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2121 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2122 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2124 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2127 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2128 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2129 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2134 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2136 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2142 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2149 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2150 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2153 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2158 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2168 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2175 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2181 bool need_nl = true;
2184 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2191 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2195 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2198 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2199 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2210 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2215 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2219 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2220 struct termios termios;
2223 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2227 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2228 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2229 * interfere with that. */
2231 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2232 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2234 /* Switch to text mode */
2236 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2238 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2239 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2241 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2246 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2247 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2248 * else will do that for us */
2250 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2251 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2252 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2253 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2254 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2256 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2257 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2258 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2259 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2260 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2261 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2262 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2263 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2264 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2265 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2266 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2267 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2268 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2270 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2271 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2273 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2277 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2278 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2283 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2286 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2290 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2291 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2296 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2301 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2302 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2303 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2304 * retrying a couple of times.
2306 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2310 fd = open(name, mode);
2317 /* Max 1s in total */
2321 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2330 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2335 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2342 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2343 struct pollfd pollfd;
2347 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2354 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2365 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2370 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2381 int acquire_terminal(
2385 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2388 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2393 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2394 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2395 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2397 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2398 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2399 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2400 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2401 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2402 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2403 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2404 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2406 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
2407 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2409 if (!fail && !force) {
2410 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2416 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2425 r = flush_fd(notify);
2430 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2431 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2432 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2433 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2437 /* First, try to get the tty */
2438 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2440 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2441 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2442 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2443 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2446 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2456 assert(notify >= 0);
2459 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2461 struct inotify_event *e;
2463 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2466 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2467 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2472 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2482 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2485 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2492 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2497 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2502 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2503 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2505 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2512 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2513 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2514 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2515 * an endless loop. */
2516 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2520 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2522 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2524 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2530 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2533 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2538 int release_terminal(void) {
2540 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2542 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2545 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2546 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2549 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2550 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2551 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2553 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2556 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2558 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2562 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2567 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2568 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2575 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2576 struct sigaction sa;
2581 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2582 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2584 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2588 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2589 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2596 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2597 struct sigaction sa;
2602 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2603 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2605 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2609 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2610 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2617 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2623 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2628 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2632 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2635 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2644 while (nbytes > 0) {
2647 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2649 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2652 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2653 struct pollfd pollfd;
2657 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2659 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2663 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2666 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2667 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2672 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2683 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2692 while (nbytes > 0) {
2695 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2698 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2701 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2702 struct pollfd pollfd;
2706 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2708 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2712 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2715 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2716 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2721 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2732 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2733 static const struct {
2737 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2738 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2739 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2740 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2741 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2742 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2743 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2744 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2745 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2746 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2749 { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */
2765 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2776 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2778 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2779 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2780 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2781 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2785 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2795 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
2796 static const struct {
2800 { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2801 { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2802 { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2803 { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2804 { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2805 { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2806 { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2807 { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2808 { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2809 { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2810 { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2811 { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2814 { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */
2830 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2841 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2843 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2844 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2845 r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec;
2846 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2850 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2860 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2861 static const struct {
2867 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2868 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2869 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2870 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2871 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2888 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2899 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2901 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2902 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2903 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2904 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2908 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2918 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2923 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2924 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2925 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2928 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2930 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2933 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2934 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2935 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2940 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2943 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2947 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2950 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2952 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2953 * sysfs or in /dev */
2956 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2957 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2960 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2963 struct dirent buf, *de;
2965 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2969 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2979 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2989 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2994 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2997 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2998 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3000 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3006 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3009 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3012 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
3013 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
3014 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
3015 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
3016 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
3017 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
3020 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3022 if (program_invocation_name)
3023 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3025 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3029 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3031 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3035 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3040 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3047 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3048 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3052 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3055 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3057 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
3058 return strdup(u.nodename);
3060 return strdup(u.sysname);
3063 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
3066 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3068 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
3071 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3075 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3078 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3083 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3085 return strdup("root");
3087 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
3090 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
3093 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3094 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3101 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3107 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3108 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3113 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3118 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3125 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3129 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3132 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3134 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3141 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3143 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3144 unsigned long ttynr;
3147 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3150 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3155 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3156 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3163 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3173 "%*d " /* session */
3182 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3184 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3189 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3193 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3196 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3201 /* This is an ugly hack */
3202 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3203 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3213 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3214 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3215 * vaguely useful. */
3217 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3227 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3229 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3247 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3253 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3254 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3258 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3260 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3264 struct dirent buf, *de;
3265 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3269 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
3270 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3278 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3281 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3283 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3284 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3285 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3290 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3293 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3294 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3296 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3297 keep_around = false;
3303 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3304 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3307 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3308 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3309 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3310 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3315 r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3316 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3320 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3321 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3325 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3327 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3328 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3339 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3344 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3345 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3349 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3350 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3353 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3354 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3355 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3356 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3360 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3363 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3369 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3370 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3371 * seriously broken system. */
3372 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3373 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3377 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3380 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3384 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3387 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3388 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3389 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3394 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3395 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3402 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3403 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3407 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3408 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3409 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3410 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3415 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3418 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3421 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3430 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3431 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3434 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3435 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3438 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3441 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3442 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3443 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3445 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3446 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3449 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3450 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3456 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3459 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3460 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3461 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3463 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3466 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3472 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3476 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3479 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3482 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3483 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3493 if (errno != EINVAL)
3500 void status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3502 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3504 struct iovec iovec[5];
3509 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3510 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3512 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3515 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3528 sl = status ? strlen(status_indent) : 0;
3534 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3544 if (!isempty(status)) {
3545 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3546 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3547 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3549 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3552 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3553 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3555 writev(fd, iovec, n);
3561 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3564 void status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3569 va_start(ap, format);
3570 status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3574 void status_welcome(void) {
3575 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3576 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3579 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3580 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3581 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3585 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3588 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3589 const_pretty = "Linux";
3591 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3596 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3597 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3598 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3604 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3611 const char *e, *word = format;
3616 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3627 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3636 } else if (*e == '$') {
3637 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3653 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3656 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3669 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3680 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3682 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3684 l = strv_length(argv);
3686 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3689 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3691 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3692 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3697 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3699 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3710 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3719 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3727 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3728 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3738 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3742 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3751 unsigned columns(void) {
3752 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3755 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0))
3756 return parsed_columns;
3758 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3760 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3762 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3763 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3765 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3766 parsed_columns = 80;
3768 return parsed_columns;
3771 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3775 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3784 unsigned lines(void) {
3785 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3788 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3789 return parsed_lines;
3791 e = getenv("LINES");
3793 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3795 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3796 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3798 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3801 return parsed_lines;
3804 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3810 /* Only works as root */
3812 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3815 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3819 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3820 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3823 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3828 assert(percent <= 100);
3829 assert(new_length >= 3);
3831 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3832 return strndup(s, old_length);
3834 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3838 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3840 if (x > new_length - 3)
3848 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3849 new_length - x - 3);
3854 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3855 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3858 int touch(const char *path) {
3863 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3866 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3870 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3878 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3879 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3884 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3885 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3890 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3896 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3899 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3904 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3912 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3921 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3932 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3944 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3951 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3952 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3956 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3957 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3958 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3959 return status.si_status;
3962 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3965 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3966 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3968 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3972 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3977 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3979 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3980 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3988 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3991 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3994 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4000 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4005 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4008 return null_or_empty(&st);
4011 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4015 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
4018 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
4019 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4026 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4030 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
4031 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4032 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4037 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4043 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4046 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4048 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4049 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4052 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4053 unsigned long long a, b;
4058 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4059 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4066 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4070 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4071 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4073 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
4075 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
4078 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4084 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
4093 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
4095 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
4098 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4104 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
4116 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4119 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4122 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4125 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4128 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4131 return streq(tty, "console");
4134 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4139 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4142 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4145 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4148 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4152 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4158 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4159 char *active = NULL;
4164 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4167 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4168 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4169 * for container setups) */
4170 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4171 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4172 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4173 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4174 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4187 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4190 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4193 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4196 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4199 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4200 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4201 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4207 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4210 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4213 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4216 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4219 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4223 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4224 * until all they all finished. */
4227 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4229 if (errno == ENOENT)
4232 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4239 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4240 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4244 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4249 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4252 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4253 log_error("Out of memory");
4257 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4258 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4276 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4277 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4280 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4282 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4283 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4288 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4289 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4294 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4299 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4303 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4304 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4305 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4306 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4308 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4310 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4321 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4324 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4327 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4335 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4341 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4342 if (streq(i, needle))
4348 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4349 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4352 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4353 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4363 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4366 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4367 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4369 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4370 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4371 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4373 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4374 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4375 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4376 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4381 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4384 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4388 void skip_syslog_pid(char **buf) {
4400 p += strspn(p, "0123456789");
4410 void skip_syslog_date(char **buf) {
4418 LETTER, LETTER, LETTER,
4420 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4422 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4424 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4426 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4438 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(sequence); i++, p++) {
4443 switch (sequence[i]) {
4450 case SPACE_OR_NUMBER:
4457 if (*p < '0' || *p > '9')
4463 if (!(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') &&
4464 !(*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z'))
4480 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4489 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4491 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4492 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4493 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4499 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4505 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4506 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4509 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4515 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4518 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4519 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4520 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4521 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4529 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4533 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4534 struct pollfd pollfd;
4539 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4541 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4548 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4551 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4552 struct pollfd pollfd;
4557 pollfd.events = event;
4559 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4566 return pollfd.revents;
4569 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4580 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4584 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4588 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4590 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4596 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4609 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4612 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4618 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4621 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4625 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4626 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4631 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4635 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4636 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4637 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4639 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4642 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4643 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4644 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4646 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4651 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4652 "\033[H" /* move home */
4653 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4655 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4660 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4663 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4670 /* Try to deallocate */
4671 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4675 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4676 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4684 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4686 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4691 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4692 "\033[H" /* move home */
4693 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4695 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4700 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4706 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4710 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4712 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4720 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4724 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4735 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4737 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4739 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4747 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4748 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4758 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
4759 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
4766 if (path_get_parent(from, &pf) < 0 ||
4767 path_get_parent(to, &pt) < 0) {
4772 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
4778 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
4782 return copy_file(from, to);
4785 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
4799 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4803 unsigned long long ull;
4810 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4814 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4818 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4821 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4822 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4828 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
4835 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4846 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4850 display[0] == ':' &&
4851 display[1] >= '0' &&
4855 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4862 if (!display_is_local(display))
4865 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4867 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4871 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4872 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4880 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
4887 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4888 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4890 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4904 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4908 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4909 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4910 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4911 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4912 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4914 *username = p->pw_name;
4917 p = getpwnam(*username);
4921 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4935 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4941 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4942 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4944 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4945 *groupname = "root";
4953 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4958 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4961 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4965 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4973 int in_group(const char *name) {
4975 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4977 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4981 if (getgid() == gid)
4984 if (getegid() == gid)
4987 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4988 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4990 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4992 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4996 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
5003 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
5011 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
5013 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
5015 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
5018 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
5020 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
5027 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
5033 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
5036 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
5040 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
5041 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
5042 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
5043 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
5044 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
5045 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
5046 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
5052 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
5056 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
5062 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5063 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
5074 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
5082 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
5083 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5091 struct dirent buffer, *de;
5094 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
5103 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5105 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5109 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5113 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5122 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5124 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5148 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
5161 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5184 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5198 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5199 static __thread int cached = 0;
5201 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5202 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5207 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5214 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5215 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5218 r = access(p, F_OK);
5226 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5227 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5230 r = access(p, F_OK);
5236 /* Get parent dev_t */
5237 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5240 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5246 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5252 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5253 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5256 r = access(p, F_OK);
5260 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5267 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5272 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5276 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5277 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5280 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5281 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5282 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5283 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5284 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5287 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5289 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5290 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5291 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5292 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5293 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5294 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5295 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5298 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5300 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5301 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5302 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5303 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5304 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5305 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5306 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5307 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5308 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5309 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5310 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5311 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5312 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5313 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5314 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5315 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5316 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5317 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5318 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5319 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5320 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5323 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5325 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5326 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5327 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5328 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5330 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5331 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5332 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5333 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5336 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5338 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5339 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5340 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5341 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5342 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5346 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5348 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5349 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5350 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5351 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5352 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5353 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5354 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5355 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5356 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5357 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5358 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5359 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5360 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5361 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5362 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5363 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5364 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5367 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5369 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5370 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5371 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5372 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5373 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5376 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5378 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5395 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5406 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5408 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5414 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5416 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5417 static __thread char buf[12];
5420 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5424 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5425 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5427 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5432 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5437 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5441 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5445 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5446 signo = (int) u + offset;
5447 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5453 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5454 bool loaded = false;
5457 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5465 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5483 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5485 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5494 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5501 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5504 static const struct {
5508 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5509 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5510 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5511 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5512 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5516 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5518 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5521 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5522 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5529 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5537 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5550 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5552 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5554 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5556 l == sizeof(value) &&
5557 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5561 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5568 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5570 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5572 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5574 l == sizeof(value) &&
5575 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5579 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5586 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5587 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5589 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5597 parent_pid = getpid();
5599 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5606 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5613 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5614 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5615 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5617 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5618 * to set the death signal */
5619 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5620 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5622 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5623 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5625 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5626 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5628 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5629 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5630 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5631 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5632 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5633 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5634 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5635 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5636 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5638 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5639 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5643 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5646 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5652 /* Count arguments */
5654 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5659 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5661 /* Fill in arguments */
5663 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5664 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5668 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5671 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5672 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5676 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5682 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5683 * to get as close as we can */
5684 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5686 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5687 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5689 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5695 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5696 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5708 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5711 f = fopen(path, "re");
5719 char line[LINE_MAX];
5722 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5726 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5736 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5737 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5757 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5758 char *p, *w, *state;
5765 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5767 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5771 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5772 if (l == k && strncmp(w, type, l) == 0) {
5782 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5785 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5788 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5791 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5794 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5797 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5803 bool in_initrd(void) {
5804 static int saved = -1;
5810 /* We make two checks here:
5812 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5813 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5815 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5816 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5817 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5820 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5821 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5822 (s.f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || s.f_type == RAMFS_MAGIC);
5827 void warn_melody(void) {
5830 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5834 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. Bute well... */
5836 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5837 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5839 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5840 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5842 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5843 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5845 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5846 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5849 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5852 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5854 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5856 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5862 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));