src/execute.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <assert.h>
  23 #include <dirent.h>
  24 #include <errno.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <unistd.h>
  27 #include <string.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <sys/socket.h>
  30 #include <sys/un.h>
  31 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  32 #include <linux/sched.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <grp.h>
  36 #include <pwd.h>
  37 #include <sys/mount.h>
  38 #include <linux/fs.h>
  39 #include <linux/oom.h>
  40
  41 #ifdef HAVE_PAM
  42 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
  43 #endif
  44
  45 #include "execute.h"
  46 #include "strv.h"
  47 #include "macro.h"
  48 #include "util.h"
  49 #include "log.h"
  50 #include "ioprio.h"
  51 #include "securebits.h"
  52 #include "cgroup.h"
  53 #include "namespace.h"
  54 #include "tcpwrap.h"
  55 #include "exit-status.h"
  56 #include "missing.h"
  57 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  58
  59 /* This assumes there is a 'tty' group */
  60 #define TTY_MODE 0620
  61
  62 static int shift_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
  63         int start, restart_from;
  64
  65         if (n_fds <= 0)
  66                 return 0;
  67
  68         /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */
  69
  70         assert(fds);
  71
  72         start = 0;
  73         for (;;) {
  74                 int i;
  75
  76                 restart_from = -1;
  77
  78                 for (i = start; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
  79                         int nfd;
  80
  81                         /* Already at right index? */
  82                         if (fds[i] == i+3)
  83                                 continue;
  84
  85                         if ((nfd = fcntl(fds[i], F_DUPFD, i+3)) < 0)
  86                                 return -errno;
  87
  88                         close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
  89                         fds[i] = nfd;
  90
  91                         /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then
  92                          * let's remember that and try again from here*/
  93                         if (nfd != i+3 && restart_from < 0)
  94                                 restart_from = i;
  95                 }
  96
  97                 if (restart_from < 0)
  98                         break;
  99
 100                 start = restart_from;
 101         }
 102
 103         return 0;
 104 }
 105
 106 static int flags_fds(const int fds[], unsigned n_fds, bool nonblock) {
 107         unsigned i;
 108         int r;
 109
 110         if (n_fds <= 0)
 111                 return 0;
 112
 113         assert(fds);
 114
 115         /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags */
 116
 117         for (i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) {
 118
 119                 if ((r = fd_nonblock(fds[i], nonblock)) < 0)
 120                         return r;
 121
 122                 /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds,
 123                  * since after all we want to pass these fds to our
 124                  * children */
 125
 126                 if ((r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], false)) < 0)
 127                         return r;
 128         }
 129
 130         return 0;
 131 }
 132
 133 static const char *tty_path(const ExecContext *context) {
 134         assert(context);
 135
 136         if (context->tty_path)
 137                 return context->tty_path;
 138
 139         return "/dev/console";
 140 }
 141
 142 static int open_null_as(int flags, int nfd) {
 143         int fd, r;
 144
 145         assert(nfd >= 0);
 146
 147         if ((fd = open("/dev/null", flags|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 148                 return -errno;
 149
 150         if (fd != nfd) {
 151                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 152                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 153         } else
 154                 r = nfd;
 155
 156         return r;
 157 }
 158
 159 static int connect_logger_as(const ExecContext *context, ExecOutput output, const char *ident, int nfd) {
 160         int fd, r;
 161         union {
 162                 struct sockaddr sa;
 163                 struct sockaddr_un un;
 164         } sa;
 165
 166         assert(context);
 167         assert(output < _EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX);
 168         assert(ident);
 169         assert(nfd >= 0);
 170
 171         if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
 172                 return -errno;
 173
 174         zero(sa);
 175         sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
 176         strncpy(sa.un.sun_path+1, LOGGER_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)-1);
 177
 178         if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + sizeof(LOGGER_SOCKET) - 1) < 0) {
 179                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 180                 return -errno;
 181         }
 182
 183         if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) < 0) {
 184                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 185                 return -errno;
 186         }
 187
 188         /* We speak a very simple protocol between log server
 189          * and client: one line for the log destination (kmsg
 190          * or syslog), followed by the priority field,
 191          * followed by the process name. Since we replaced
 192          * stdin/stderr we simple use stdio to write to
 193          * it. Note that we use stderr, to minimize buffer
 194          * flushing issues. */
 195
 196         dprintf(fd,
 197                 "%s\n"
 198                 "%i\n"
 199                 "%s\n"
 200                 "%i\n",
 201                 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ? "kmsg" : "syslog",
 202                 context->syslog_priority,
 203                 context->syslog_identifier ? context->syslog_identifier : ident,
 204                 context->syslog_level_prefix);
 205
 206         if (fd != nfd) {
 207                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 208                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 209         } else
 210                 r = nfd;
 211
 212         return r;
 213 }
 214 static int open_terminal_as(const char *path, mode_t mode, int nfd) {
 215         int fd, r;
 216
 217         assert(path);
 218         assert(nfd >= 0);
 219
 220         if ((fd = open_terminal(path, mode | O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 221                 return fd;
 222
 223         if (fd != nfd) {
 224                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 225                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 226         } else
 227                 r = nfd;
 228
 229         return r;
 230 }
 231
 232 static bool is_terminal_input(ExecInput i) {
 233         return
 234                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY ||
 235                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE ||
 236                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL;
 237 }
 238
 239 static int fixup_input(ExecInput std_input, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 240
 241         if (is_terminal_input(std_input) && !apply_tty_stdin)
 242                 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
 243
 244         if (std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0)
 245                 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
 246
 247         return std_input;
 248 }
 249
 250 static int fixup_output(ExecOutput std_output, int socket_fd) {
 251
 252         if (std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0)
 253                 return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
 254
 255         return std_output;
 256 }
 257
 258 static int setup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 259         ExecInput i;
 260
 261         assert(context);
 262
 263         i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
 264
 265         switch (i) {
 266
 267         case EXEC_INPUT_NULL:
 268                 return open_null_as(O_RDONLY, STDIN_FILENO);
 269
 270         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY:
 271         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE:
 272         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL: {
 273                 int fd, r;
 274
 275                 if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 276                                      tty_path(context),
 277                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 278                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE,
 279                                      false)) < 0)
 280                         return fd;
 281
 282                 if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
 283                         r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 284                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 285                 } else
 286                         r = STDIN_FILENO;
 287
 288                 return r;
 289         }
 290
 291         case EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET:
 292                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 293
 294         default:
 295                 assert_not_reached("Unknown input type");
 296         }
 297 }
 298
 299 static int setup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 300         ExecOutput o;
 301         ExecInput i;
 302
 303         assert(context);
 304         assert(ident);
 305
 306         i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
 307         o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd);
 308
 309         /* This expects the input is already set up */
 310
 311         switch (o) {
 312
 313         case EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT:
 314
 315                 /* If input got downgraded, inherit the original value */
 316                 if (i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL && is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
 317                         return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 318
 319                 /* If the input is connected to anything that's not a /dev/null, inherit that... */
 320                 if (i != EXEC_INPUT_NULL)
 321                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 322
 323                 /* If we are not started from PID 1 we just inherit STDOUT from our parent process. */
 324                 if (getppid() != 1)
 325                         return STDOUT_FILENO;
 326
 327                 /* We need to open /dev/null here anew, to get the
 328                  * right access mode. So we fall through */
 329
 330         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 331                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 332
 333         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 334                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 335                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 336
 337                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 338                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 339
 340         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 341         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG:
 342                 return connect_logger_as(context, o, ident, STDOUT_FILENO);
 343
 344         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 345                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 346                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 347
 348         default:
 349                 assert_not_reached("Unknown output type");
 350         }
 351 }
 352
 353 static int setup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 354         ExecOutput o, e;
 355         ExecInput i;
 356
 357         assert(context);
 358         assert(ident);
 359
 360         i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
 361         o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd);
 362         e = fixup_output(context->std_error, socket_fd);
 363
 364         /* This expects the input and output are already set up */
 365
 366         /* Don't change the stderr file descriptor if we inherit all
 367          * the way and are not on a tty */
 368         if (e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 369             o == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 370             i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL &&
 371             !is_terminal_input(context->std_input) &&
 372             getppid () != 1)
 373                 return STDERR_FILENO;
 374
 375         /* Duplicate from stdout if possible */
 376         if (e == o || e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT)
 377                 return dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 378
 379         switch (e) {
 380
 381         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 382                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 383
 384         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 385                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 386                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 387
 388                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 389                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 390
 391         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 392         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG:
 393                 return connect_logger_as(context, e, ident, STDERR_FILENO);
 394
 395         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 396                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 397                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 398
 399         default:
 400                 assert_not_reached("Unknown error type");
 401         }
 402 }
 403
 404 static int chown_terminal(int fd, uid_t uid) {
 405         struct stat st;
 406
 407         assert(fd >= 0);
 408
 409         /* This might fail. What matters are the results. */
 410         (void) fchown(fd, uid, -1);
 411         (void) fchmod(fd, TTY_MODE);
 412
 413         if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
 414                 return -errno;
 415
 416         if (st.st_uid != uid || (st.st_mode & 0777) != TTY_MODE)
 417                 return -EPERM;
 418
 419         return 0;
 420 }
 421
 422 static int setup_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 423                                int *_saved_stdin,
 424                                int *_saved_stdout) {
 425         int fd = -1, saved_stdin, saved_stdout = -1, r;
 426
 427         assert(context);
 428         assert(_saved_stdin);
 429         assert(_saved_stdout);
 430
 431         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 432          * negative errno style values! */
 433
 434         if ((saved_stdin = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0)
 435                 return EXIT_STDIN;
 436
 437         if ((saved_stdout = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0) {
 438                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 439                 goto fail;
 440         }
 441
 442         if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 443                              tty_path(context),
 444                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 445                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE,
 446                              false)) < 0) {
 447                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 448                 goto fail;
 449         }
 450
 451         if (chown_terminal(fd, getuid()) < 0) {
 452                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 453                 goto fail;
 454         }
 455
 456         if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
 457                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 458                 goto fail;
 459         }
 460
 461         if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
 462                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 463                 goto fail;
 464         }
 465
 466         if (fd >= 2)
 467                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 468
 469         *_saved_stdin = saved_stdin;
 470         *_saved_stdout = saved_stdout;
 471
 472         return 0;
 473
 474 fail:
 475         if (saved_stdout >= 0)
 476                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
 477
 478         if (saved_stdin >= 0)
 479                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
 480
 481         if (fd >= 0)
 482                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 483
 484         return r;
 485 }
 486
 487 static int restore_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 488                                  int *saved_stdin,
 489                                  int *saved_stdout,
 490                                  bool *keep_stdin,
 491                                  bool *keep_stdout) {
 492
 493         assert(context);
 494         assert(saved_stdin);
 495         assert(*saved_stdin >= 0);
 496         assert(saved_stdout);
 497         assert(*saved_stdout >= 0);
 498
 499         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 500          * negative errno style values! */
 501
 502         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) {
 503
 504                 /* The service wants terminal input. */
 505
 506                 *keep_stdin = true;
 507                 *keep_stdout =
 508                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT ||
 509                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY;
 510
 511         } else {
 512                 /* If the service doesn't want a controlling terminal,
 513                  * then we need to get rid entirely of what we have
 514                  * already. */
 515
 516                 if (release_terminal() < 0)
 517                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 518
 519                 if (dup2(*saved_stdin, STDIN_FILENO) < 0)
 520                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 521
 522                 if (dup2(*saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
 523                         return EXIT_STDOUT;
 524
 525                 *keep_stdout = *keep_stdin = false;
 526         }
 527
 528         return 0;
 529 }
 530
 531 static int get_group_creds(const char *groupname, gid_t *gid) {
 532         struct group *g;
 533         unsigned long lu;
 534
 535         assert(groupname);
 536         assert(gid);
 537
 538         /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
 539          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 540
 541         if (streq(groupname, "root") || streq(groupname, "0")) {
 542                 *gid = 0;
 543                 return 0;
 544         }
 545
 546         if (safe_atolu(groupname, &lu) >= 0) {
 547                 errno = 0;
 548                 g = getgrgid((gid_t) lu);
 549         } else {
 550                 errno = 0;
 551                 g = getgrnam(groupname);
 552         }
 553
 554         if (!g)
 555                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 556
 557         *gid = g->gr_gid;
 558         return 0;
 559 }
 560
 561 static int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
 562         struct passwd *p;
 563         unsigned long lu;
 564
 565         assert(username);
 566         assert(*username);
 567         assert(uid);
 568         assert(gid);
 569         assert(home);
 570
 571         /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
 572          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 573
 574         if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
 575                 *username = "root";
 576                 *uid = 0;
 577                 *gid = 0;
 578                 *home = "/root";
 579                 return 0;
 580         }
 581
 582         if (safe_atolu(*username, &lu) >= 0) {
 583                 errno = 0;
 584                 p = getpwuid((uid_t) lu);
 585
 586                 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
 587                  * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
 588                  * of the first occurence in the database. However if
 589                  * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
 590                  * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
 591                 if (*username && p)
 592                         *username = p->pw_name;
 593         } else {
 594                 errno = 0;
 595                 p = getpwnam(*username);
 596         }
 597
 598         if (!p)
 599                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 600
 601         *uid = p->pw_uid;
 602         *gid = p->pw_gid;
 603         *home = p->pw_dir;
 604         return 0;
 605 }
 606
 607 static int enforce_groups(const ExecContext *context, const char *username, gid_t gid) {
 608         bool keep_groups = false;
 609         int r;
 610
 611         assert(context);
 612
 613         /* Lookup and ser GID and supplementary group list. Here too
 614          * we avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. */
 615
 616         if (context->group || username) {
 617
 618                 if (context->group)
 619                         if ((r = get_group_creds(context->group, &gid)) < 0)
 620                                 return r;
 621
 622                 /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */
 623                 if (username && gid != 0) {
 624                         if (initgroups(username, gid) < 0)
 625                                 return -errno;
 626
 627                         keep_groups = true;
 628                 }
 629
 630                 /* Second step, set our gids */
 631                 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
 632                         return -errno;
 633         }
 634
 635         if (context->supplementary_groups) {
 636                 int ngroups_max, k;
 637                 gid_t *gids;
 638                 char **i;
 639
 640                 /* Final step, initialize any manually set supplementary groups */
 641                 ngroups_max = (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
 642
 643                 if (!(gids = new(gid_t, ngroups_max)))
 644                         return -ENOMEM;
 645
 646                 if (keep_groups) {
 647                         if ((k = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids)) < 0) {
 648                                 free(gids);
 649                                 return -errno;
 650                         }
 651                 } else
 652                         k = 0;
 653
 654                 STRV_FOREACH(i, context->supplementary_groups) {
 655
 656                         if (k >= ngroups_max) {
 657                                 free(gids);
 658                                 return -E2BIG;
 659                         }
 660
 661                         if ((r = get_group_creds(*i, gids+k)) < 0) {
 662                                 free(gids);
 663                                 return r;
 664                         }
 665
 666                         k++;
 667                 }
 668
 669                 if (setgroups(k, gids) < 0) {
 670                         free(gids);
 671                         return -errno;
 672                 }
 673
 674                 free(gids);
 675         }
 676
 677         return 0;
 678 }
 679
 680 static int enforce_user(const ExecContext *context, uid_t uid) {
 681         int r;
 682         assert(context);
 683
 684         /* Sets (but doesn't lookup) the uid and make sure we keep the
 685          * capabilities while doing so. */
 686
 687         if (context->capabilities) {
 688                 cap_t d;
 689                 static const cap_value_t bits[] = {
 690                         CAP_SETUID,   /* Necessary so that we can run setresuid() below */
 691                         CAP_SETPCAP   /* Necessary so that we can set PR_SET_SECUREBITS later on */
 692                 };
 693
 694                 /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but
 695                  * drop privileges we need to make sure we keep our
 696                  * caps, whiel we drop priviliges. */
 697                 if (uid != 0) {
 698                         int sb = context->secure_bits|SECURE_KEEP_CAPS;
 699
 700                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != sb)
 701                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, sb) < 0)
 702                                         return -errno;
 703                 }
 704
 705                 /* Second step: set the capabilites. This will reduce
 706                  * the capabilities to the minimum we need. */
 707
 708                 if (!(d = cap_dup(context->capabilities)))
 709                         return -errno;
 710
 711                 if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0 ||
 712                     cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0) {
 713                         r = -errno;
 714                         cap_free(d);
 715                         return r;
 716                 }
 717
 718                 if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0) {
 719                         r = -errno;
 720                         cap_free(d);
 721                         return r;
 722                 }
 723
 724                 cap_free(d);
 725         }
 726
 727         /* Third step: actually set the uids */
 728         if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
 729                 return -errno;
 730
 731         /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but
 732            are otherwise a normal user. However, the caps might got
 733            corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up
 734            later. This is done outside of this call. */
 735
 736         return 0;
 737 }
 738
 739 #ifdef HAVE_PAM
 740
 741 static int null_conv(
 742                 int num_msg,
 743                 const struct pam_message **msg,
 744                 struct pam_response **resp,
 745                 void *appdata_ptr) {
 746
 747         /* We don't support conversations */
 748
 749         return PAM_CONV_ERR;
 750 }
 751
 752 static int setup_pam(
 753                 const char *name,
 754                 const char *user,
 755                 const char *tty,
 756                 char ***pam_env,
 757                 int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
 758
 759         static const struct pam_conv conv = {
 760                 .conv = null_conv,
 761                 .appdata_ptr = NULL
 762         };
 763
 764         pam_handle_t *handle = NULL;
 765         sigset_t ss, old_ss;
 766         int pam_code = PAM_SUCCESS;
 767         char **e = NULL;
 768         bool close_session = false;
 769         pid_t pam_pid = 0, parent_pid;
 770
 771         assert(name);
 772         assert(user);
 773         assert(pam_env);
 774
 775         /* We set up PAM in the parent process, then fork. The child
 776          * will then stay around untill killed via PR_GET_PDEATHSIG or
 777          * systemd via the cgroup logic. It will then remove the PAM
 778          * session again. The parent process will exec() the actual
 779          * daemon. We do things this way to ensure that the main PID
 780          * of the daemon is the one we initially fork()ed. */
 781
 782         if ((pam_code = pam_start(name, user, &conv, &handle)) != PAM_SUCCESS) {
 783                 handle = NULL;
 784                 goto fail;
 785         }
 786
 787         if (tty)
 788                 if ((pam_code = pam_set_item(handle, PAM_TTY, tty)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 789                         goto fail;
 790
 791         if ((pam_code = pam_acct_mgmt(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 792                 goto fail;
 793
 794         if ((pam_code = pam_open_session(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 795                 goto fail;
 796
 797         close_session = true;
 798
 799         if ((pam_code = pam_setcred(handle, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED | PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 800                 goto fail;
 801
 802         if ((!(e = pam_getenvlist(handle)))) {
 803                 pam_code = PAM_BUF_ERR;
 804                 goto fail;
 805         }
 806
 807         /* Block SIGTERM, so that we know that it won't get lost in
 808          * the child */
 809         if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
 810             sigaddset(&ss, SIGTERM) < 0 ||
 811             sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &ss, &old_ss) < 0)
 812                 goto fail;
 813
 814         parent_pid = getpid();
 815
 816         if ((pam_pid = fork()) < 0)
 817                 goto fail;
 818
 819         if (pam_pid == 0) {
 820                 int sig;
 821                 int r = EXIT_PAM;
 822
 823                 /* The child's job is to reset the PAM session on
 824                  * termination */
 825
 826                 /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length
 827                  * of "/sbin/init") */
 828                 rename_process("sd:pam");
 829
 830                 /* Make sure we don't keep open the passed fds in this
 831                 child. We assume that otherwise only those fds are
 832                 open here that have been opened by PAM. */
 833                 close_many(fds, n_fds);
 834
 835                 /* Wait until our parent died. This will most likely
 836                  * not work since the kernel does not allow
 837                  * unpriviliged paretns kill their priviliged children
 838                  * this way. We rely on the control groups kill logic
 839                  * to do the rest for us. */
 840                 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
 841                         goto child_finish;
 842
 843                 /* Check if our parent process might already have
 844                  * died? */
 845                 if (getppid() == parent_pid) {
 846                         if (sigwait(&ss, &sig) < 0)
 847                                 goto child_finish;
 848
 849                         assert(sig == SIGTERM);
 850                 }
 851
 852                 /* Only if our parent died we'll end the session */
 853                 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
 854                         if ((pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 855                                 goto child_finish;
 856
 857                 r = 0;
 858
 859         child_finish:
 860                 pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT);
 861                 _exit(r);
 862         }
 863
 864         /* If the child was forked off successfully it will do all the
 865          * cleanups, so forget about the handle here. */
 866         handle = NULL;
 867
 868         /* Unblock SIGSUR1 again in the parent */
 869         if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_ss, NULL) < 0)
 870                 goto fail;
 871
 872         /* We close the log explicitly here, since the PAM modules
 873          * might have opened it, but we don't want this fd around. */
 874         closelog();
 875
 876         return 0;
 877
 878 fail:
 879         if (handle) {
 880                 if (close_session)
 881                         pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT);
 882
 883                 pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT);
 884         }
 885
 886         strv_free(e);
 887
 888         closelog();
 889
 890         if (pam_pid > 1)
 891                 kill(pam_pid, SIGTERM);
 892
 893         return EXIT_PAM;
 894 }
 895 #endif
 896
 897 int exec_spawn(ExecCommand *command,
 898                char **argv,
 899                const ExecContext *context,
 900                int fds[], unsigned n_fds,
 901                char **environment,
 902                bool apply_permissions,
 903                bool apply_chroot,
 904                bool apply_tty_stdin,
 905                bool confirm_spawn,
 906                CGroupBonding *cgroup_bondings,
 907                pid_t *ret) {
 908
 909         pid_t pid;
 910         int r;
 911         char *line;
 912         int socket_fd;
 913
 914         assert(command);
 915         assert(context);
 916         assert(ret);
 917         assert(fds || n_fds <= 0);
 918
 919         if (context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET ||
 920             context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET ||
 921             context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET) {
 922
 923                 if (n_fds != 1)
 924                         return -EINVAL;
 925
 926                 socket_fd = fds[0];
 927
 928                 fds = NULL;
 929                 n_fds = 0;
 930         } else
 931                 socket_fd = -1;
 932
 933         if (!argv)
 934                 argv = command->argv;
 935
 936         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv)))
 937                 return -ENOMEM;
 938
 939         log_debug("About to execute: %s", line);
 940         free(line);
 941
 942         if (cgroup_bondings)
 943                 if ((r = cgroup_bonding_realize_list(cgroup_bondings)))
 944                         return r;
 945
 946         if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
 947                 return -errno;
 948
 949         if (pid == 0) {
 950                 int i;
 951                 sigset_t ss;
 952                 const char *username = NULL, *home = NULL;
 953                 uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1;
 954                 gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1;
 955                 char **our_env = NULL, **pam_env = NULL, **final_env = NULL, **final_argv = NULL;
 956                 unsigned n_env = 0;
 957                 int saved_stdout = -1, saved_stdin = -1;
 958                 bool keep_stdout = false, keep_stdin = false;
 959
 960                 /* child */
 961
 962                 /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length
 963                  * of "/sbin/init") */
 964                 rename_process("sd:exec");
 965
 966                 /* We reset exactly these signals, since they are the
 967                  * only ones we set to SIG_IGN in the main daemon. All
 968                  * others we leave untouched because we set them to
 969                  * SIG_DFL or a valid handler initially, both of which
 970                  * will be demoted to SIG_DFL. */
 971                 default_signals(SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER,
 972                                 SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
 973
 974                 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
 975                     sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0) {
 976                         r = EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK;
 977                         goto fail;
 978                 }
 979
 980                 /* Close sockets very early to make sure we don't
 981                  * block init reexecution because it cannot bind its
 982                  * sockets */
 983                 if (close_all_fds(socket_fd >= 0 ? &socket_fd : fds,
 984                                   socket_fd >= 0 ? 1 : n_fds) < 0) {
 985                         r = EXIT_FDS;
 986                         goto fail;
 987                 }
 988
 989                 if (!context->same_pgrp)
 990                         if (setsid() < 0) {
 991                                 r = EXIT_SETSID;
 992                                 goto fail;
 993                         }
 994
 995                 if (context->tcpwrap_name) {
 996                         if (socket_fd >= 0)
 997                                 if (!socket_tcpwrap(socket_fd, context->tcpwrap_name)) {
 998                                         r = EXIT_TCPWRAP;
 999                                         goto fail;
1000                                 }
1001
1002                         for (i = 0; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
1003                                 if (!socket_tcpwrap(fds[i], context->tcpwrap_name)) {
1004                                         r = EXIT_TCPWRAP;
1005                                         goto fail;
1006                                 }
1007                         }
1008                 }
1009
1010                 /* We skip the confirmation step if we shall not apply the TTY */
1011                 if (confirm_spawn &&
1012                     (!is_terminal_input(context->std_input) || apply_tty_stdin)) {
1013                         char response;
1014
1015                         /* Set up terminal for the question */
1016                         if ((r = setup_confirm_stdio(context,
1017                                                      &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout)))
1018                                 goto fail;
1019
1020                         /* Now ask the question. */
1021                         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) {
1022                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1023                                 goto fail;
1024                         }
1025
1026                         r = ask(&response, "yns", "Execute %s? [Yes, No, Skip] ", line);
1027                         free(line);
1028
1029                         if (r < 0 || response == 'n') {
1030                                 r = EXIT_CONFIRM;
1031                                 goto fail;
1032                         } else if (response == 's') {
1033                                 r = 0;
1034                                 goto fail;
1035                         }
1036
1037                         /* Release terminal for the question */
1038                         if ((r = restore_confirm_stdio(context,
1039                                                        &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout,
1040                                                        &keep_stdin, &keep_stdout)))
1041                                 goto fail;
1042                 }
1043
1044                 /* If a socket is connected to STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR, we
1045                  * must sure to drop O_NONBLOCK */
1046                 if (socket_fd >= 0)
1047                         fd_nonblock(socket_fd, false);
1048
1049                 if (!keep_stdin)
1050                         if (setup_input(context, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1051                                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
1052                                 goto fail;
1053                         }
1054
1055                 if (!keep_stdout)
1056                         if (setup_output(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1057                                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
1058                                 goto fail;
1059                         }
1060
1061                 if (setup_error(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1062                         r = EXIT_STDERR;
1063                         goto fail;
1064                 }
1065
1066                 if (cgroup_bondings)
1067                         if (cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, 0) < 0) {
1068                                 r = EXIT_CGROUP;
1069                                 goto fail;
1070                         }
1071
1072                 if (context->oom_score_adjust_set) {
1073                         char t[16];
1074
1075                         snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", context->oom_score_adjust);
1076                         char_array_0(t);
1077
1078                         if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", t) < 0) {
1079                                 /* Compatibility with Linux <= 2.6.35 */
1080
1081                                 int adj;
1082
1083                                 adj = (context->oom_score_adjust * -OOM_DISABLE) / OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX;
1084                                 adj = CLAMP(adj, OOM_DISABLE, OOM_ADJUST_MAX);
1085
1086                                 snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", adj);
1087                                 char_array_0(t);
1088
1089                                 if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_adj", t) < 0) {
1090                                         r = EXIT_OOM_ADJUST;
1091                                         goto fail;
1092                                 }
1093                         }
1094                 }
1095
1096                 if (context->nice_set)
1097                         if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, context->nice) < 0) {
1098                                 r = EXIT_NICE;
1099                                 goto fail;
1100                         }
1101
1102                 if (context->cpu_sched_set) {
1103                         struct sched_param param;
1104
1105                         zero(param);
1106                         param.sched_priority = context->cpu_sched_priority;
1107
1108                         if (sched_setscheduler(0, context->cpu_sched_policy |
1109                                                (context->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork ? SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK : 0), &param) < 0) {
1110                                 r = EXIT_SETSCHEDULER;
1111                                 goto fail;
1112                         }
1113                 }
1114
1115                 if (context->cpuset)
1116                         if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(context->cpuset_ncpus), context->cpuset) < 0) {
1117                                 r = EXIT_CPUAFFINITY;
1118                                 goto fail;
1119                         }
1120
1121                 if (context->ioprio_set)
1122                         if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, context->ioprio) < 0) {
1123                                 r = EXIT_IOPRIO;
1124                                 goto fail;
1125                         }
1126
1127                 if (context->timer_slack_nsec_set)
1128                         if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, context->timer_slack_nsec) < 0) {
1129                                 r = EXIT_TIMERSLACK;
1130                                 goto fail;
1131                         }
1132
1133                 if (context->utmp_id)
1134                         utmp_put_init_process(0, context->utmp_id, getpid(), getsid(0), context->tty_path);
1135
1136                 if (context->user) {
1137                         username = context->user;
1138                         if (get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home) < 0) {
1139                                 r = EXIT_USER;
1140                                 goto fail;
1141                         }
1142
1143                         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
1144                                 if (chown_terminal(STDIN_FILENO, uid) < 0) {
1145                                         r = EXIT_STDIN;
1146                                         goto fail;
1147                                 }
1148                 }
1149
1150 #ifdef HAVE_PAM
1151                 if (context->pam_name && username) {
1152                         if (setup_pam(context->pam_name, username, context->tty_path, &pam_env, fds, n_fds) < 0) {
1153                                 r = EXIT_PAM;
1154                                 goto fail;
1155                         }
1156                 }
1157 #endif
1158
1159                 if (apply_permissions)
1160                         if (enforce_groups(context, username, uid) < 0) {
1161                                 r = EXIT_GROUP;
1162                                 goto fail;
1163                         }
1164
1165                 umask(context->umask);
1166
1167                 if (strv_length(context->read_write_dirs) > 0 ||
1168                     strv_length(context->read_only_dirs) > 0 ||
1169                     strv_length(context->inaccessible_dirs) > 0 ||
1170                     context->mount_flags != MS_SHARED ||
1171                     context->private_tmp)
1172                         if ((r = setup_namespace(
1173                                              context->read_write_dirs,
1174                                              context->read_only_dirs,
1175                                              context->inaccessible_dirs,
1176                                              context->private_tmp,
1177                                              context->mount_flags)) < 0)
1178                                 goto fail;
1179
1180                 if (apply_chroot) {
1181                         if (context->root_directory)
1182                                 if (chroot(context->root_directory) < 0) {
1183                                         r = EXIT_CHROOT;
1184                                         goto fail;
1185                                 }
1186
1187                         if (chdir(context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "/") < 0) {
1188                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
1189                                 goto fail;
1190                         }
1191                 } else {
1192
1193                         char *d;
1194
1195                         if (asprintf(&d, "%s/%s",
1196                                      context->root_directory ? context->root_directory : "",
1197                                      context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "") < 0) {
1198                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1199                                 goto fail;
1200                         }
1201
1202                         if (chdir(d) < 0) {
1203                                 free(d);
1204                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
1205                                 goto fail;
1206                         }
1207
1208                         free(d);
1209                 }
1210
1211                 /* We repeat the fd closing here, to make sure that
1212                  * nothing is leaked from the PAM modules */
1213                 if (close_all_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
1214                     shift_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
1215                     flags_fds(fds, n_fds, context->non_blocking) < 0) {
1216                         r = EXIT_FDS;
1217                         goto fail;
1218                 }
1219
1220                 if (apply_permissions) {
1221
1222                         for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) {
1223                                 if (!context->rlimit[i])
1224                                         continue;
1225
1226                                 if (setrlimit(i, context->rlimit[i]) < 0) {
1227                                         r = EXIT_LIMITS;
1228                                         goto fail;
1229                                 }
1230                         }
1231
1232                         if (context->user)
1233                                 if (enforce_user(context, uid) < 0) {
1234                                         r = EXIT_USER;
1235                                         goto fail;
1236                                 }
1237
1238                         /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not priviliged, while
1239                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress
1240                          * potential EPERMs we'll try not to call
1241                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. */
1242                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != context->secure_bits)
1243                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, context->secure_bits) < 0) {
1244                                         r = EXIT_SECUREBITS;
1245                                         goto fail;
1246                                 }
1247
1248                         if (context->capabilities)
1249                                 if (cap_set_proc(context->capabilities) < 0) {
1250                                         r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
1251                                         goto fail;
1252                                 }
1253                 }
1254
1255                 if (!(our_env = new0(char*, 7))) {
1256                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1257                         goto fail;
1258                 }
1259
1260                 if (n_fds > 0)
1261                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_PID=%lu", (unsigned long) getpid()) < 0 ||
1262                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fds) < 0) {
1263                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1264                                 goto fail;
1265                         }
1266
1267                 if (home)
1268                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "HOME=%s", home) < 0) {
1269                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1270                                 goto fail;
1271                         }
1272
1273                 if (username)
1274                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LOGNAME=%s", username) < 0 ||
1275                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "USER=%s", username) < 0) {
1276                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1277                                 goto fail;
1278                         }
1279
1280                 if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input) ||
1281                     context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY ||
1282                     context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY)
1283                         if (!(our_env[n_env++] = strdup(default_term_for_tty(tty_path(context))))) {
1284                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1285                                 goto fail;
1286                         }
1287
1288                 assert(n_env <= 7);
1289
1290                 if (!(final_env = strv_env_merge(
1291                                       4,
1292                                       environment,
1293                                       our_env,
1294                                       context->environment,
1295                                       pam_env,
1296                                       NULL))) {
1297                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1298                         goto fail;
1299                 }
1300
1301                 if (!(final_argv = replace_env_argv(argv, final_env))) {
1302                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1303                         goto fail;
1304                 }
1305
1306                 execve(command->path, final_argv, final_env);
1307                 r = EXIT_EXEC;
1308
1309         fail:
1310                 strv_free(our_env);
1311                 strv_free(final_env);
1312                 strv_free(pam_env);
1313                 strv_free(final_argv);
1314
1315                 if (saved_stdin >= 0)
1316                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
1317
1318                 if (saved_stdout >= 0)
1319                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
1320
1321                 _exit(r);
1322         }
1323
1324         /* We add the new process to the cgroup both in the child (so
1325          * that we can be sure that no user code is ever executed
1326          * outside of the cgroup) and in the parent (so that we can be
1327          * sure that when we kill the cgroup the process will be
1328          * killed too). */
1329         if (cgroup_bondings)
1330                 cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, pid);
1331
1332         log_debug("Forked %s as %lu", command->path, (unsigned long) pid);
1333
1334         exec_status_start(&command->exec_status, pid);
1335
1336         *ret = pid;
1337         return 0;
1338 }
1339
1340 void exec_context_init(ExecContext *c) {
1341         assert(c);
1342
1343         c->umask = 0002;
1344         c->ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0);
1345         c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
1346         c->syslog_priority = LOG_DAEMON|LOG_INFO;
1347         c->syslog_level_prefix = true;
1348         c->mount_flags = MS_SHARED;
1349         c->kill_signal = SIGTERM;
1350 }
1351
1352 void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) {
1353         unsigned l;
1354
1355         assert(c);
1356
1357         strv_free(c->environment);
1358         c->environment = NULL;
1359
1360         for (l = 0; l < ELEMENTSOF(c->rlimit); l++) {
1361                 free(c->rlimit[l]);
1362                 c->rlimit[l] = NULL;
1363         }
1364
1365         free(c->working_directory);
1366         c->working_directory = NULL;
1367         free(c->root_directory);
1368         c->root_directory = NULL;
1369
1370         free(c->tty_path);
1371         c->tty_path = NULL;
1372
1373         free(c->tcpwrap_name);
1374         c->tcpwrap_name = NULL;
1375
1376         free(c->syslog_identifier);
1377         c->syslog_identifier = NULL;
1378
1379         free(c->user);
1380         c->user = NULL;
1381
1382         free(c->group);
1383         c->group = NULL;
1384
1385         strv_free(c->supplementary_groups);
1386         c->supplementary_groups = NULL;
1387
1388         free(c->pam_name);
1389         c->pam_name = NULL;
1390
1391         if (c->capabilities) {
1392                 cap_free(c->capabilities);
1393                 c->capabilities = NULL;
1394         }
1395
1396         strv_free(c->read_only_dirs);
1397         c->read_only_dirs = NULL;
1398
1399         strv_free(c->read_write_dirs);
1400         c->read_write_dirs = NULL;
1401
1402         strv_free(c->inaccessible_dirs);
1403         c->inaccessible_dirs = NULL;
1404
1405         if (c->cpuset)
1406                 CPU_FREE(c->cpuset);
1407 }
1408
1409 void exec_command_done(ExecCommand *c) {
1410         assert(c);
1411
1412         free(c->path);
1413         c->path = NULL;
1414
1415         strv_free(c->argv);
1416         c->argv = NULL;
1417 }
1418
1419 void exec_command_done_array(ExecCommand *c, unsigned n) {
1420         unsigned i;
1421
1422         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
1423                 exec_command_done(c+i);
1424 }
1425
1426 void exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand *c) {
1427         ExecCommand *i;
1428
1429         while ((i = c)) {
1430                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecCommand, command, c, i);
1431                 exec_command_done(i);
1432                 free(i);
1433         }
1434 }
1435
1436 void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand **c, unsigned n) {
1437         unsigned i;
1438
1439         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1440                 exec_command_free_list(c[i]);
1441                 c[i] = NULL;
1442         }
1443 }
1444
1445 static void strv_fprintf(FILE *f, char **l) {
1446         char **g;
1447
1448         assert(f);
1449
1450         STRV_FOREACH(g, l)
1451                 fprintf(f, " %s", *g);
1452 }
1453
1454 void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
1455         char ** e;
1456         unsigned i;
1457
1458         assert(c);
1459         assert(f);
1460
1461         if (!prefix)
1462                 prefix = "";
1463
1464         fprintf(f,
1465                 "%sUMask: %04o\n"
1466                 "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n"
1467                 "%sRootDirectory: %s\n"
1468                 "%sNonBlocking: %s\n"
1469                 "%sPrivateTmp: %s\n",
1470                 prefix, c->umask,
1471                 prefix, c->working_directory ? c->working_directory : "/",
1472                 prefix, c->root_directory ? c->root_directory : "/",
1473                 prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking),
1474                 prefix, yes_no(c->private_tmp));
1475
1476         if (c->environment)
1477                 for (e = c->environment; *e; e++)
1478                         fprintf(f, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix, *e);
1479
1480         if (c->tcpwrap_name)
1481                 fprintf(f,
1482                         "%sTCPWrapName: %s\n",
1483                         prefix, c->tcpwrap_name);
1484
1485         if (c->nice_set)
1486                 fprintf(f,
1487                         "%sNice: %i\n",
1488                         prefix, c->nice);
1489
1490         if (c->oom_score_adjust_set)
1491                 fprintf(f,
1492                         "%sOOMScoreAdjust: %i\n",
1493                         prefix, c->oom_score_adjust);
1494
1495         for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
1496                 if (c->rlimit[i])
1497                         fprintf(f, "%s%s: %llu\n", prefix, rlimit_to_string(i), (unsigned long long) c->rlimit[i]->rlim_max);
1498
1499         if (c->ioprio_set)
1500                 fprintf(f,
1501                         "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n"
1502                         "%sIOPriority: %i\n",
1503                         prefix, ioprio_class_to_string(IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(c->ioprio)),
1504                         prefix, (int) IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(c->ioprio));
1505
1506         if (c->cpu_sched_set)
1507                 fprintf(f,
1508                         "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n"
1509                         "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n"
1510                         "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n",
1511                         prefix, sched_policy_to_string(c->cpu_sched_policy),
1512                         prefix, c->cpu_sched_priority,
1513                         prefix, yes_no(c->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork));
1514
1515         if (c->cpuset) {
1516                 fprintf(f, "%sCPUAffinity:", prefix);
1517                 for (i = 0; i < c->cpuset_ncpus; i++)
1518                         if (CPU_ISSET_S(i, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(c->cpuset_ncpus), c->cpuset))
1519                                 fprintf(f, " %i", i);
1520                 fputs("\n", f);
1521         }
1522
1523         if (c->timer_slack_nsec_set)
1524                 fprintf(f, "%sTimerSlackNSec: %lu\n", prefix, c->timer_slack_nsec);
1525
1526         fprintf(f,
1527                 "%sStandardInput: %s\n"
1528                 "%sStandardOutput: %s\n"
1529                 "%sStandardError: %s\n",
1530                 prefix, exec_input_to_string(c->std_input),
1531                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_output),
1532                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_error));
1533
1534         if (c->tty_path)
1535                 fprintf(f,
1536                         "%sTTYPath: %s\n",
1537                         prefix, c->tty_path);
1538
1539         if (c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ||
1540             c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG)
1541                 fprintf(f,
1542                         "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n"
1543                         "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n",
1544                         prefix, log_facility_to_string(LOG_FAC(c->syslog_priority)),
1545                         prefix, log_level_to_string(LOG_PRI(c->syslog_priority)));
1546
1547         if (c->capabilities) {
1548                 char *t;
1549                 if ((t = cap_to_text(c->capabilities, NULL))) {
1550                         fprintf(f, "%sCapabilities: %s\n",
1551                                 prefix, t);
1552                         cap_free(t);
1553                 }
1554         }
1555
1556         if (c->secure_bits)
1557                 fprintf(f, "%sSecure Bits:%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
1558                         prefix,
1559                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) ? " keep-caps" : "",
1560                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? " keep-caps-locked" : "",
1561                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? " no-setuid-fixup" : "",
1562                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? " no-setuid-fixup-locked" : "",
1563                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT) ? " noroot" : "",
1564                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "noroot-locked" : "");
1565
1566         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1567                 fprintf(f, "%sCapabilityBoundingSetDrop:", prefix);
1568
1569                 for (i = 0; i <= CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
1570                         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop & (1 << i)) {
1571                                 char *t;
1572
1573                                 if ((t = cap_to_name(i))) {
1574                                         fprintf(f, " %s", t);
1575                                         free(t);
1576                                 }
1577                         }
1578
1579                 fputs("\n", f);
1580         }
1581
1582         if (c->user)
1583                 fprintf(f, "%sUser: %s\n", prefix, c->user);
1584         if (c->group)
1585                 fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s\n", prefix, c->group);
1586
1587         if (strv_length(c->supplementary_groups) > 0) {
1588                 fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix);
1589                 strv_fprintf(f, c->supplementary_groups);
1590                 fputs("\n", f);
1591         }
1592
1593         if (c->pam_name)
1594                 fprintf(f, "%sPAMName: %s\n", prefix, c->pam_name);
1595
1596         if (strv_length(c->read_write_dirs) > 0) {
1597                 fprintf(f, "%sReadWriteDirs:", prefix);
1598                 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_write_dirs);
1599                 fputs("\n", f);
1600         }
1601
1602         if (strv_length(c->read_only_dirs) > 0) {
1603                 fprintf(f, "%sReadOnlyDirs:", prefix);
1604                 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_only_dirs);
1605                 fputs("\n", f);
1606         }
1607
1608         if (strv_length(c->inaccessible_dirs) > 0) {
1609                 fprintf(f, "%sInaccessibleDirs:", prefix);
1610                 strv_fprintf(f, c->inaccessible_dirs);
1611                 fputs("\n", f);
1612         }
1613
1614         fprintf(f,
1615                 "%sKillMode: %s\n"
1616                 "%sKillSignal: SIG%s\n",
1617                 prefix, kill_mode_to_string(c->kill_mode),
1618                 prefix, signal_to_string(c->kill_signal));
1619
1620         if (c->utmp_id)
1621                 fprintf(f,
1622                         "%sUtmpIdentifier: %s\n",
1623                         prefix, c->utmp_id);
1624 }
1625
1626 void exec_status_start(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid) {
1627         assert(s);
1628
1629         zero(*s);
1630         s->pid = pid;
1631         dual_timestamp_get(&s->start_timestamp);
1632 }
1633
1634 void exec_status_exit(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid, int code, int status, const char *utmp_id) {
1635         assert(s);
1636
1637         if ((s->pid && s->pid != pid) ||
1638             !s->start_timestamp.realtime <= 0)
1639                 zero(*s);
1640
1641         s->pid = pid;
1642         dual_timestamp_get(&s->exit_timestamp);
1643
1644         s->code = code;
1645         s->status = status;
1646
1647         if (utmp_id)
1648                 utmp_put_dead_process(utmp_id, pid, code, status);
1649 }
1650
1651 void exec_status_dump(ExecStatus *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1652         char buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
1653
1654         assert(s);
1655         assert(f);
1656
1657         if (!prefix)
1658                 prefix = "";
1659
1660         if (s->pid <= 0)
1661                 return;
1662
1663         fprintf(f,
1664                 "%sPID: %lu\n",
1665                 prefix, (unsigned long) s->pid);
1666
1667         if (s->start_timestamp.realtime > 0)
1668                 fprintf(f,
1669                         "%sStart Timestamp: %s\n",
1670                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->start_timestamp.realtime));
1671
1672         if (s->exit_timestamp.realtime > 0)
1673                 fprintf(f,
1674                         "%sExit Timestamp: %s\n"
1675                         "%sExit Code: %s\n"
1676                         "%sExit Status: %i\n",
1677                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->exit_timestamp.realtime),
1678                         prefix, sigchld_code_to_string(s->code),
1679                         prefix, s->status);
1680 }
1681
1682 char *exec_command_line(char **argv) {
1683         size_t k;
1684         char *n, *p, **a;
1685         bool first = true;
1686
1687         assert(argv);
1688
1689         k = 1;
1690         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv)
1691                 k += strlen(*a)+3;
1692
1693         if (!(n = new(char, k)))
1694                 return NULL;
1695
1696         p = n;
1697         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) {
1698
1699                 if (!first)
1700                         *(p++) = ' ';
1701                 else
1702                         first = false;
1703
1704                 if (strpbrk(*a, WHITESPACE)) {
1705                         *(p++) = '\'';
1706                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1707                         *(p++) = '\'';
1708                 } else
1709                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1710
1711         }
1712
1713         *p = 0;
1714
1715         /* FIXME: this doesn't really handle arguments that have
1716          * spaces and ticks in them */
1717
1718         return n;
1719 }
1720
1721 void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1722         char *p2;
1723         const char *prefix2;
1724
1725         char *cmd;
1726
1727         assert(c);
1728         assert(f);
1729
1730         if (!prefix)
1731                 prefix = "";
1732         p2 = strappend(prefix, "\t");
1733         prefix2 = p2 ? p2 : prefix;
1734
1735         cmd = exec_command_line(c->argv);
1736
1737         fprintf(f,
1738                 "%sCommand Line: %s\n",
1739                 prefix, cmd ? cmd : strerror(ENOMEM));
1740
1741         free(cmd);
1742
1743         exec_status_dump(&c->exec_status, f, prefix2);
1744
1745         free(p2);
1746 }
1747
1748 void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1749         assert(f);
1750
1751         if (!prefix)
1752                 prefix = "";
1753
1754         LIST_FOREACH(command, c, c)
1755                 exec_command_dump(c, f, prefix);
1756 }
1757
1758 void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand **l, ExecCommand *e) {
1759         ExecCommand *end;
1760
1761         assert(l);
1762         assert(e);
1763
1764         if (*l) {
1765                 /* It's kinda important that we keep the order here */
1766                 LIST_FIND_TAIL(ExecCommand, command, *l, end);
1767                 LIST_INSERT_AFTER(ExecCommand, command, *l, end, e);
1768         } else
1769               *l = e;
1770 }
1771
1772 int exec_command_set(ExecCommand *c, const char *path, ...) {
1773         va_list ap;
1774         char **l, *p;
1775
1776         assert(c);
1777         assert(path);
1778
1779         va_start(ap, path);
1780         l = strv_new_ap(path, ap);
1781         va_end(ap);
1782
1783         if (!l)
1784                 return -ENOMEM;
1785
1786         if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1787                 strv_free(l);
1788                 return -ENOMEM;
1789         }
1790
1791         free(c->path);
1792         c->path = p;
1793
1794         strv_free(c->argv);
1795         c->argv = l;
1796
1797         return 0;
1798 }
1799
1800 static const char* const exec_input_table[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX] = {
1801         [EXEC_INPUT_NULL] = "null",
1802         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1803         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE] = "tty-force",
1804         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL] = "tty-fail",
1805         [EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1806 };
1807
1808 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input, ExecInput);
1809
1810 static const char* const exec_output_table[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX] = {
1811         [EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT] = "inherit",
1812         [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL] = "null",
1813         [EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1814         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG] = "syslog",
1815         [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG] = "kmsg",
1816         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1817 };
1818
1819 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output, ExecOutput);
1820
1821 static const char* const kill_mode_table[_KILL_MODE_MAX] = {
1822         [KILL_CONTROL_GROUP] = "control-group",
1823         [KILL_PROCESS_GROUP] = "process-group",
1824         [KILL_PROCESS] = "process",
1825         [KILL_NONE] = "none"
1826 };
1827
1828 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(kill_mode, KillMode);
1829
1830 static const char* const kill_who_table[_KILL_WHO_MAX] = {
1831         [KILL_MAIN] = "main",
1832         [KILL_CONTROL] = "control",
1833         [KILL_ALL] = "all"
1834 };
1835
1836 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(kill_who, KillWho);