src/core/main.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   Lesser General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  23
  24 #include <stdio.h>
  25 #include <errno.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <unistd.h>
  28 #include <sys/types.h>
  29 #include <sys/stat.h>
  30 #include <getopt.h>
  31 #include <signal.h>
  32 #include <sys/wait.h>
  33 #include <fcntl.h>
  34 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  35 #include <sys/mount.h>
  36
  37 #include "manager.h"
  38 #include "log.h"
  39 #include "load-fragment.h"
  40 #include "fdset.h"
  41 #include "special.h"
  42 #include "conf-parser.h"
  43 #include "bus-errors.h"
  44 #include "missing.h"
  45 #include "label.h"
  46 #include "build.h"
  47 #include "strv.h"
  48 #include "def.h"
  49 #include "virt.h"
  50 #include "watchdog.h"
  51 #include "path-util.h"
  52 #include "switch-root.h"
  53 #include "capability.h"
  54 #include "killall.h"
  55
  56 #include "mount-setup.h"
  57 #include "loopback-setup.h"
  58 #ifdef HAVE_KMOD
  59 #include "kmod-setup.h"
  60 #endif
  61 #include "hostname-setup.h"
  62 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
  63 #include "locale-setup.h"
  64 #include "hwclock.h"
  65 #include "selinux-setup.h"
  66 #include "ima-setup.h"
  67 #include "sd-daemon.h"
  68
  69 static enum {
  70         ACTION_RUN,
  71         ACTION_HELP,
  72         ACTION_VERSION,
  73         ACTION_TEST,
  74         ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
  75         ACTION_DONE
  76 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
  77
  78 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
  79 static SystemdRunningAs arg_running_as = _SYSTEMD_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
  80
  81 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
  82 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
  83 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
  84 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
  85 static bool arg_show_status = true;
  86 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
  87 static char **arg_default_controllers = NULL;
  88 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
  89 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
  90 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
  91 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
  92 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
  93 static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
  94 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
  95 static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
  96
  97 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
  98
  99 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
 100 }
 101
 102 _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
 103
 104         if (!arg_dump_core)
 105                 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
 106         else {
 107                 struct sigaction sa;
 108                 pid_t pid;
 109
 110                 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
 111                 zero(sa);
 112                 sa.sa_handler = nop_handler;
 113                 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART;
 114                 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
 115
 116                 if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
 117                         log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
 118
 119                 else if (pid == 0) {
 120                         struct rlimit rl;
 121
 122                         /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
 123                         zero(sa);
 124                         sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
 125                         assert_se(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == 0);
 126
 127                         /* Don't limit the core dump size */
 128                         zero(rl);
 129                         rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
 130                         rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
 131                         setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
 132
 133                         /* Just to be sure... */
 134                         assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
 135
 136                         /* Raise the signal again */
 137                         raise(sig);
 138
 139                         assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
 140                         _exit(1);
 141
 142                 } else {
 143                         siginfo_t status;
 144                         int r;
 145
 146                         /* Order things nicely. */
 147                         if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
 148                                 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
 149                         else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
 150                                 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
 151                         else
 152                                 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
 153                 }
 154         }
 155
 156         if (arg_crash_chvt)
 157                 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
 158
 159         if (arg_crash_shell) {
 160                 struct sigaction sa;
 161                 pid_t pid;
 162
 163                 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
 164                 sleep(10);
 165
 166                 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
 167                 zero(sa);
 168                 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
 169                 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART;
 170                 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
 171
 172                 pid = fork();
 173                 if (pid < 0)
 174                         log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
 175                 else if (pid == 0) {
 176                         make_console_stdio();
 177                         execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
 178
 179                         log_error("execl() failed: %m");
 180                         _exit(1);
 181                 }
 182
 183                 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
 184         }
 185
 186         log_info("Freezing execution.");
 187         freeze();
 188 }
 189
 190 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
 191         struct sigaction sa;
 192
 193         zero(sa);
 194
 195         sa.sa_handler = crash;
 196         sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
 197
 198         sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
 199 }
 200
 201 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
 202         int tty_fd, r;
 203
 204         /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
 205          * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
 206
 207         release_terminal();
 208
 209         if (!do_reset)
 210                 return 0;
 211
 212         tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
 213         if (tty_fd < 0) {
 214                 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
 215                 return -tty_fd;
 216         }
 217
 218         /* We don't want to force text mode.
 219          * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
 220         r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
 221         if (r < 0)
 222                 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
 223
 224         close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
 225         return r;
 226 }
 227
 228 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
 229         char *c;
 230
 231         assert(u);
 232
 233         c = strdup(u);
 234         if (!c)
 235                 return -ENOMEM;
 236
 237         free(arg_default_unit);
 238         arg_default_unit = c;
 239
 240         return 0;
 241 }
 242
 243 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
 244
 245         static const char * const rlmap[] = {
 246                 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
 247                 "-b",        SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
 248                 "single",    SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 249                 "-s",        SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 250                 "s",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 251                 "S",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 252                 "1",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 253                 "2",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
 254                 "3",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
 255                 "4",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
 256                 "5",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
 257         };
 258
 259         assert(word);
 260
 261         if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
 262
 263                 if (!in_initrd())
 264                         return set_default_unit(word + 13);
 265
 266         } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
 267
 268                 if (in_initrd())
 269                         return set_default_unit(word + 16);
 270
 271         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
 272
 273                 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
 274                         log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
 275
 276         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
 277
 278                 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
 279                         log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
 280
 281         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
 282
 283                 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
 284                         log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
 285
 286         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
 287
 288                 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
 289                         log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
 290
 291         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
 292                 int r;
 293
 294                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
 295                         log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
 296                 else
 297                         arg_dump_core = r;
 298
 299         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
 300                 int r;
 301
 302                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
 303                         log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
 304                 else
 305                         arg_crash_shell = r;
 306
 307         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
 308                 int r;
 309
 310                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
 311                         log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
 312                 else
 313                         arg_confirm_spawn = r;
 314
 315         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
 316                 int k;
 317
 318                 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
 319                         log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
 320                 else
 321                         arg_crash_chvt = k;
 322
 323         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
 324                 int r;
 325
 326                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
 327                         log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
 328                 else
 329                         arg_show_status = r;
 330         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
 331                 int r;
 332
 333                 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
 334                         log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
 335                 else
 336                         arg_default_std_output = r;
 337         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
 338                 int r;
 339
 340                 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
 341                         log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
 342                 else
 343                         arg_default_std_error = r;
 344         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
 345                 char *cenv, *eq;
 346                 int r;
 347
 348                 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
 349                 if (!cenv)
 350                         return -ENOMEM;
 351
 352                 eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
 353                 if (!eq) {
 354                         r = unsetenv(cenv);
 355                         if (r < 0)
 356                                 log_warning("unsetenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
 357                 } else {
 358                         *eq = 0;
 359                         r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
 360                         if (r < 0)
 361                                 log_warning("setenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
 362                 }
 363                 free(cenv);
 364
 365         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
 366                    (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
 367
 368                 log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
 369
 370                 log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
 371                          "systemd.unit=UNIT                        Default unit to start\n"
 372                          "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT                     Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
 373                          "systemd.dump_core=0|1                    Dump core on crash\n"
 374                          "systemd.crash_shell=0|1                  Run shell on crash\n"
 375                          "systemd.crash_chvt=N                     Change to VT #N on crash\n"
 376                          "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1                Confirm every process spawn\n"
 377                          "systemd.show_status=0|1                  Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
 378                          "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
 379                          "                                         Log target\n"
 380                          "systemd.log_level=LEVEL                  Log level\n"
 381                          "systemd.log_color=0|1                    Highlight important log messages\n"
 382                          "systemd.log_location=0|1                 Include code location in log messages\n"
 383                          "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
 384                          "                                         Set default log output for services\n"
 385                          "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
 386                          "                                         Set default log error output for services\n"
 387                          "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT                Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
 388
 389         } else if (streq(word, "quiet"))
 390                 arg_show_status = false;
 391         else if (!in_initrd()) {
 392                 unsigned i;
 393
 394                 /* SysV compatibility */
 395                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
 396                         if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
 397                                 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
 398         }
 399
 400         return 0;
 401 }
 402
 403 static int config_parse_level2(
 404                 const char *filename,
 405                 unsigned line,
 406                 const char *section,
 407                 const char *lvalue,
 408                 int ltype,
 409                 const char *rvalue,
 410                 void *data,
 411                 void *userdata) {
 412
 413         assert(filename);
 414         assert(lvalue);
 415         assert(rvalue);
 416
 417         log_set_max_level_from_string(rvalue);
 418         return 0;
 419 }
 420
 421 static int config_parse_target(
 422                 const char *filename,
 423                 unsigned line,
 424                 const char *section,
 425                 const char *lvalue,
 426                 int ltype,
 427                 const char *rvalue,
 428                 void *data,
 429                 void *userdata) {
 430
 431         assert(filename);
 432         assert(lvalue);
 433         assert(rvalue);
 434
 435         log_set_target_from_string(rvalue);
 436         return 0;
 437 }
 438
 439 static int config_parse_color(
 440                 const char *filename,
 441                 unsigned line,
 442                 const char *section,
 443                 const char *lvalue,
 444                 int ltype,
 445                 const char *rvalue,
 446                 void *data,
 447                 void *userdata) {
 448
 449         assert(filename);
 450         assert(lvalue);
 451         assert(rvalue);
 452
 453         log_show_color_from_string(rvalue);
 454         return 0;
 455 }
 456
 457 static int config_parse_location(
 458                 const char *filename,
 459                 unsigned line,
 460                 const char *section,
 461                 const char *lvalue,
 462                 int ltype,
 463                 const char *rvalue,
 464                 void *data,
 465                 void *userdata) {
 466
 467         assert(filename);
 468         assert(lvalue);
 469         assert(rvalue);
 470
 471         log_show_location_from_string(rvalue);
 472         return 0;
 473 }
 474
 475 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
 476                 const char *filename,
 477                 unsigned line,
 478                 const char *section,
 479                 const char *lvalue,
 480                 int ltype,
 481                 const char *rvalue,
 482                 void *data,
 483                 void *userdata) {
 484
 485         char *w;
 486         size_t l;
 487         char *state;
 488         cpu_set_t *c = NULL;
 489         unsigned ncpus = 0;
 490
 491         assert(filename);
 492         assert(lvalue);
 493         assert(rvalue);
 494
 495         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
 496                 char *t;
 497                 int r;
 498                 unsigned cpu;
 499
 500                 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
 501                         return log_oom();
 502
 503                 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
 504                 free(t);
 505
 506                 if (!c)
 507                         if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
 508                                 return log_oom();
 509
 510                 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
 511                         log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to parse CPU affinity: %s", filename, line, rvalue);
 512                         CPU_FREE(c);
 513                         return -EBADMSG;
 514                 }
 515
 516                 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
 517         }
 518
 519         if (c) {
 520                 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
 521                         log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
 522
 523                 CPU_FREE(c);
 524         }
 525
 526         return 0;
 527 }
 528
 529 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
 530         char ***i;
 531
 532         if (!l)
 533                 return;
 534
 535         for (i = l; *i; i++)
 536                 strv_free(*i);
 537
 538         free(l);
 539 }
 540
 541 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
 542         if (!arg_join_controllers)
 543                 return;
 544
 545         strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
 546         arg_join_controllers = NULL;
 547 }
 548
 549 static int config_parse_join_controllers(
 550                 const char *filename,
 551                 unsigned line,
 552                 const char *section,
 553                 const char *lvalue,
 554                 int ltype,
 555                 const char *rvalue,
 556                 void *data,
 557                 void *userdata) {
 558
 559         unsigned n = 0;
 560         char *state, *w;
 561         size_t length;
 562
 563         assert(filename);
 564         assert(lvalue);
 565         assert(rvalue);
 566
 567         free_join_controllers();
 568
 569         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
 570                 char *s, **l;
 571
 572                 s = strndup(w, length);
 573                 if (!s)
 574                         return log_oom();
 575
 576                 l = strv_split(s, ",");
 577                 free(s);
 578
 579                 strv_uniq(l);
 580
 581                 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
 582                         strv_free(l);
 583                         continue;
 584                 }
 585
 586                 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
 587                         arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
 588                         if (!arg_join_controllers) {
 589                                 strv_free(l);
 590                                 return log_oom();
 591                         }
 592
 593                         arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
 594                         arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
 595
 596                         n = 1;
 597                 } else {
 598                         char ***a;
 599                         char ***t;
 600
 601                         t = new0(char**, n+2);
 602                         if (!t) {
 603                                 strv_free(l);
 604                                 return log_oom();
 605                         }
 606
 607                         n = 0;
 608
 609                         for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
 610
 611                                 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
 612                                         char **c;
 613
 614                                         c = strv_merge(*a, l);
 615                                         if (!c) {
 616                                                 strv_free(l);
 617                                                 strv_free_free(t);
 618                                                 return log_oom();
 619                                         }
 620
 621                                         strv_free(l);
 622                                         l = c;
 623                                 } else {
 624                                         char **c;
 625
 626                                         c = strv_copy(*a);
 627                                         if (!c) {
 628                                                 strv_free(l);
 629                                                 strv_free_free(t);
 630                                                 return log_oom();
 631                                         }
 632
 633                                         t[n++] = c;
 634                                 }
 635                         }
 636
 637                         t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
 638
 639                         strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
 640                         arg_join_controllers = t;
 641                 }
 642         }
 643
 644         return 0;
 645 }
 646
 647 static int parse_config_file(void) {
 648
 649         const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
 650                 { "Manager", "LogLevel",              config_parse_level2,       0, NULL                     },
 651                 { "Manager", "LogTarget",             config_parse_target,       0, NULL                     },
 652                 { "Manager", "LogColor",              config_parse_color,        0, NULL                     },
 653                 { "Manager", "LogLocation",           config_parse_location,     0, NULL                     },
 654                 { "Manager", "DumpCore",              config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_dump_core           },
 655                 { "Manager", "CrashShell",            config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_crash_shell         },
 656                 { "Manager", "ShowStatus",            config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_show_status         },
 657                 { "Manager", "CrashChVT",             config_parse_int,          0, &arg_crash_chvt          },
 658                 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity",           config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL                    },
 659                 { "Manager", "DefaultControllers",    config_parse_strv,         0, &arg_default_controllers },
 660                 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_output  },
 661                 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError",  config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_error   },
 662                 { "Manager", "JoinControllers",       config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
 663                 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec",    config_parse_usec,         0, &arg_runtime_watchdog    },
 664                 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec",   config_parse_usec,         0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog   },
 665                 { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
 666                 { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec",        config_parse_nsec,         0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec    },
 667                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU",       config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
 668                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
 669                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
 670                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
 671                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
 672                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS",       config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
 673                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
 674                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS",        config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
 675                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
 676                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK",   config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
 677                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
 678                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
 679                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE",  config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
 680                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
 681                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
 682                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
 683                 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
 684         };
 685
 686         FILE *f;
 687         const char *fn;
 688         int r;
 689
 690         fn = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE;
 691         f = fopen(fn, "re");
 692         if (!f) {
 693                 if (errno == ENOENT)
 694                         return 0;
 695
 696                 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
 697                 return 0;
 698         }
 699
 700         r = config_parse(fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, NULL);
 701         if (r < 0)
 702                 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
 703
 704         fclose(f);
 705
 706         return 0;
 707 }
 708
 709 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
 710         char *line, *w, *state;
 711         int r;
 712         size_t l;
 713
 714         /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
 715          * that is only relevant for the host system */
 716         if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
 717                 return 0;
 718
 719         if ((r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line)) < 0) {
 720                 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
 721                 return 0;
 722         }
 723
 724         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
 725                 char *word;
 726
 727                 if (!(word = strndup(w, l))) {
 728                         r = -ENOMEM;
 729                         goto finish;
 730                 }
 731
 732                 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
 733                 if (r < 0) {
 734                         log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
 735                         free(word);
 736                         goto finish;
 737                 }
 738
 739                 free(word);
 740         }
 741
 742         r = 0;
 743
 744 finish:
 745         free(line);
 746         return r;
 747 }
 748
 749 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 750
 751         enum {
 752                 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
 753                 ARG_LOG_TARGET,
 754                 ARG_LOG_COLOR,
 755                 ARG_LOG_LOCATION,
 756                 ARG_UNIT,
 757                 ARG_SYSTEM,
 758                 ARG_USER,
 759                 ARG_TEST,
 760                 ARG_VERSION,
 761                 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
 762                 ARG_DUMP_CORE,
 763                 ARG_CRASH_SHELL,
 764                 ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN,
 765                 ARG_SHOW_STATUS,
 766                 ARG_DESERIALIZE,
 767                 ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT,
 768                 ARG_INTROSPECT,
 769                 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
 770                 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
 771         };
 772
 773         static const struct option options[] = {
 774                 { "log-level",                required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL                },
 775                 { "log-target",               required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET               },
 776                 { "log-color",                optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR                },
 777                 { "log-location",             optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION             },
 778                 { "unit",                     required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT                     },
 779                 { "system",                   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM                   },
 780                 { "user",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER                     },
 781                 { "test",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_TEST                     },
 782                 { "help",                     no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                          },
 783                 { "version",                  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION                  },
 784                 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
 785                 { "dump-core",                optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE                },
 786                 { "crash-shell",              optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL              },
 787                 { "confirm-spawn",            optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN            },
 788                 { "show-status",              optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS              },
 789                 { "deserialize",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE              },
 790                 { "switched-root",            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT            },
 791                 { "introspect",               optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT               },
 792                 { "default-standard-output",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,      },
 793                 { "default-standard-error",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR,       },
 794                 { NULL,                       0,                 NULL, 0                            }
 795         };
 796
 797         int c, r;
 798
 799         assert(argc >= 1);
 800         assert(argv);
 801
 802         if (getpid() == 1)
 803                 opterr = 0;
 804
 805         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
 806
 807                 switch (c) {
 808
 809                 case ARG_LOG_LEVEL:
 810                         if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 811                                 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
 812                                 return r;
 813                         }
 814
 815                         break;
 816
 817                 case ARG_LOG_TARGET:
 818
 819                         if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 820                                 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
 821                                 return r;
 822                         }
 823
 824                         break;
 825
 826                 case ARG_LOG_COLOR:
 827
 828                         if (optarg) {
 829                                 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 830                                         log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
 831                                         return r;
 832                                 }
 833                         } else
 834                                 log_show_color(true);
 835
 836                         break;
 837
 838                 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
 839
 840                         if (optarg) {
 841                                 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 842                                         log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
 843                                         return r;
 844                                 }
 845                         } else
 846                                 log_show_location(true);
 847
 848                         break;
 849
 850                 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
 851
 852                         if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 853                                 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
 854                                 return r;
 855                         } else
 856                                 arg_default_std_output = r;
 857                         break;
 858
 859                 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
 860
 861                         if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 862                                 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
 863                                 return r;
 864                         } else
 865                                 arg_default_std_error = r;
 866                         break;
 867
 868                 case ARG_UNIT:
 869
 870                         if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
 871                                 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
 872                                 return r;
 873                         }
 874
 875                         break;
 876
 877                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
 878                         arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
 879                         break;
 880
 881                 case ARG_USER:
 882                         arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
 883                         break;
 884
 885                 case ARG_TEST:
 886                         arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
 887                         break;
 888
 889                 case ARG_VERSION:
 890                         arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
 891                         break;
 892
 893                 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
 894                         arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
 895                         break;
 896
 897                 case ARG_DUMP_CORE:
 898                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 899                         if (r < 0) {
 900                                 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
 901                                 return r;
 902                         }
 903                         arg_dump_core = r;
 904                         break;
 905
 906                 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
 907                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 908                         if (r < 0) {
 909                                 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
 910                                 return r;
 911                         }
 912                         arg_crash_shell = r;
 913                         break;
 914
 915                 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
 916                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 917                         if (r < 0) {
 918                                 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
 919                                 return r;
 920                         }
 921                         arg_confirm_spawn = r;
 922                         break;
 923
 924                 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
 925                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 926                         if (r < 0) {
 927                                 log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
 928                                 return r;
 929                         }
 930                         arg_show_status = r;
 931                         break;
 932
 933                 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
 934                         int fd;
 935                         FILE *f;
 936
 937                         if ((r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd)) < 0 || fd < 0) {
 938                                 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
 939                                 return r;
 940                         }
 941
 942                         if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) {
 943                                 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
 944                                 return r;
 945                         }
 946
 947                         if (serialization)
 948                                 fclose(serialization);
 949
 950                         serialization = f;
 951
 952                         break;
 953                 }
 954
 955                 case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
 956                         arg_switched_root = true;
 957                         break;
 958
 959                 case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
 960                         const char * const * i = NULL;
 961
 962                         for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
 963                                 if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
 964                                         fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
 965                                               "<node>\n", stdout);
 966                                         fputs(i[1], stdout);
 967                                         fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
 968
 969                                         if (optarg)
 970                                                 break;
 971                                 }
 972
 973                         if (!i[0] && optarg)
 974                                 log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
 975
 976                         arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
 977                         break;
 978                 }
 979
 980                 case 'h':
 981                         arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
 982                         break;
 983
 984                 case 'D':
 985                         log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
 986                         break;
 987
 988                 case 'b':
 989                 case 's':
 990                 case 'z':
 991                         /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
 992                          * cmdline args without getopt() error
 993                          * messages that we'll parse in
 994                          * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
 995
 996                 case '?':
 997                 default:
 998                         if (getpid() != 1) {
 999                                 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
1000                                 return -EINVAL;
1001                         }
1002
1003                         break;
1004                 }
1005
1006         if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
1007                 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
1008                  * let's complain about excess arguments */
1009
1010                 log_error("Excess arguments.");
1011                 return -EINVAL;
1012         }
1013
1014         if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
1015                 char **a;
1016
1017                 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
1018                  * understand it passed to us. We're not really
1019                  * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
1020                  * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
1021                  * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
1022                  * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
1023                  * instead. */
1024
1025                 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
1026                         if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0) {
1027                                 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
1028                                 return r;
1029                         }
1030         }
1031
1032         return 0;
1033 }
1034
1035 static int help(void) {
1036
1037         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1038                "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1039                "  -h --help                      Show this help\n"
1040                "     --test                      Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1041                "     --dump-configuration-items  Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1042                "     --introspect[=INTERFACE]    Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
1043                "     --unit=UNIT                 Set default unit\n"
1044                "     --system                    Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1045                "     --user                      Run a user instance\n"
1046                "     --dump-core[=0|1]           Dump core on crash\n"
1047                "     --crash-shell[=0|1]         Run shell on crash\n"
1048                "     --confirm-spawn[=0|1]       Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1049                "     --show-status[=0|1]         Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1050                "     --log-target=TARGET         Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1051                "     --log-level=LEVEL           Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1052                "     --log-color[=0|1]           Highlight important log messages\n"
1053                "     --log-location[=0|1]        Include code location in log messages\n"
1054                "     --default-standard-output=  Set default standard output for services\n"
1055                "     --default-standard-error=   Set default standard error output for services\n",
1056                program_invocation_short_name);
1057
1058         return 0;
1059 }
1060
1061 static int version(void) {
1062         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
1063         puts(DISTRIBUTION);
1064         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
1065
1066         return 0;
1067 }
1068
1069 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool serialize_jobs) {
1070         FILE *f = NULL;
1071         FDSet *fds = NULL;
1072         int r;
1073
1074         assert(m);
1075         assert(_f);
1076         assert(_fds);
1077
1078         /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1079         m->n_reloading ++;
1080
1081         r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
1082         if (r < 0) {
1083                 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1084                 goto fail;
1085         }
1086
1087         fds = fdset_new();
1088         if (!fds) {
1089                 r = -ENOMEM;
1090                 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1091                 goto fail;
1092         }
1093
1094         r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, serialize_jobs);
1095         if (r < 0) {
1096                 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1097                 goto fail;
1098         }
1099
1100         if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1101                 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1102                 goto fail;
1103         }
1104
1105         r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
1106         if (r < 0) {
1107                 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1108                 goto fail;
1109         }
1110
1111         r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
1112         if (r < 0) {
1113                 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1114                 goto fail;
1115         }
1116
1117         *_f = f;
1118         *_fds = fds;
1119
1120         return 0;
1121
1122 fail:
1123         fdset_free(fds);
1124
1125         if (f)
1126                 fclose(f);
1127
1128         return r;
1129 }
1130
1131 static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
1132         struct rlimit nl;
1133         int r;
1134
1135         assert(saved_rlimit);
1136
1137         /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it
1138          * later when transitioning from the initrd to the main
1139          * systemd or suchlike. */
1140         if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0) {
1141                 log_error("Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m");
1142                 return -errno;
1143         }
1144
1145         /* Make sure forked processes get the default kernel setting */
1146         if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) {
1147                 struct rlimit *rl;
1148
1149                 rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1);
1150                 if (!rl)
1151                         return log_oom();
1152
1153                 arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl;
1154         }
1155
1156         /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially */
1157         nl.rlim_cur = nl.rlim_max = 64*1024;
1158         r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nl);
1159         if (r < 0) {
1160                 log_error("Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %s", strerror(-r));
1161                 return r;
1162         }
1163
1164         return 0;
1165 }
1166
1167 static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) {
1168         const char *e;
1169         unsigned long long a, b;
1170
1171         assert(t);
1172
1173         e = getenv("RD_TIMESTAMP");
1174         if (!e)
1175                 return NULL;
1176
1177         if (sscanf(e, "%llu %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
1178                 return NULL;
1179
1180         t->realtime = (usec_t) a;
1181         t->monotonic = (usec_t) b;
1182
1183         return t;
1184 }
1185
1186 static void test_mtab(void) {
1187         char *p;
1188
1189         /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1190
1191         if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1192                 bool b;
1193
1194                 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1195                 free(p);
1196
1197                 if (b)
1198                         return;
1199         }
1200
1201         log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1202                     "This is not supported anymore. "
1203                     "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1204 }
1205
1206 static void test_usr(void) {
1207
1208         /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1209
1210         if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1211                 return;
1212
1213         log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1214                     "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1215                     "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1216 }
1217
1218 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1219
1220         if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1221                 return;
1222
1223         log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1224                     "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1225                     "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1226                     "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1227                     "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1228                     "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1229
1230         sleep(10);
1231 }
1232
1233 static int initialize_join_controllers(void) {
1234         /* By default, mount "cpu" + "cpuacct" together, and "net_cls"
1235          * + "net_prio". We'd like to add "cpuset" to the mix, but
1236          * "cpuset" does't really work for groups with no initialized
1237          * attributes. */
1238
1239         arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3);
1240         if (!arg_join_controllers)
1241                 return -ENOMEM;
1242
1243         arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL);
1244         if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
1245                 return -ENOMEM;
1246
1247         arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL);
1248         if (!arg_join_controllers[1])
1249                 return -ENOMEM;
1250
1251         arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL;
1252         return 0;
1253 }
1254
1255 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1256         Manager *m = NULL;
1257         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1258         usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1259         char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1260         FDSet *fds = NULL;
1261         bool reexecute = false;
1262         const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1263         dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1264         static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1265         bool skip_setup = false;
1266         int j;
1267         bool loaded_policy = false;
1268         bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1269         bool queue_default_job = false;
1270         char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1271         static struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = { 0, 0 };
1272
1273 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1274         if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1275                 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1276                  * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1277
1278                 errno = -ENOENT;
1279                 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1280                 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1281                 return 1;
1282         }
1283 #endif
1284
1285         /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1286          * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1287          * have a quick peek here. */
1288         for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1289                 if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) {
1290                         skip_setup = true;
1291                         break;
1292                 }
1293
1294         /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
1295          * things */
1296         for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1297                 if (streq(argv[j], "--switched-root")) {
1298                         skip_setup = false;
1299                         break;
1300                 }
1301
1302         /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1303            called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1304            called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1305            systemd right-away. */
1306         program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1307         prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1308
1309         saved_argv = argv;
1310         saved_argc = argc;
1311
1312         log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1313
1314         if (getpid() == 1 && detect_container(NULL) <= 0) {
1315
1316                 /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */
1317                 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1318                 make_null_stdio();
1319                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
1320                 log_open();
1321
1322                 if (in_initrd()) {
1323                         char *rd_timestamp = NULL;
1324
1325                         dual_timestamp_get(&initrd_timestamp);
1326                         asprintf(&rd_timestamp, "%llu %llu",
1327                                  (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.realtime,
1328                                  (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.monotonic);
1329                         if (rd_timestamp) {
1330                                 setenv("RD_TIMESTAMP", rd_timestamp, 1);
1331                                 free(rd_timestamp);
1332                         }
1333                 }
1334
1335                 if (!skip_setup) {
1336                         if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1337                                 goto finish;
1338                         if (ima_setup() < 0)
1339                                 goto finish;
1340                 }
1341
1342                 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1343                         goto finish;
1344
1345                 if (!skip_setup) {
1346                         if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1347                                 int min;
1348
1349                                 /* The first-time call to settimeofday() does a time warp in the kernel */
1350                                 r = hwclock_set_timezone(&min);
1351                                 if (r < 0)
1352                                         log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1353                                 else
1354                                         log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1355                         } else if (!in_initrd()) {
1356                                 /*
1357                                  * Do dummy first-time call to seal the kernel's time warp magic
1358                                  *
1359                                  * Do not call this this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not
1360                                  * carry /etc/adjtime with LOCAL, but the real system could be set up
1361                                  * that way. In such case, we need to delay the time-warp or the sealing
1362                                  * until we reach the real system.
1363                                  */
1364                                 hwclock_reset_timezone();
1365
1366                                 /* Tell the kernel our time zone */
1367                                 r = hwclock_set_timezone(NULL);
1368                                 if (r < 0)
1369                                         log_error("Failed to set the kernel's time zone, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1370                         }
1371                 }
1372
1373                 /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually
1374                  * open the logs like this for now. Note that if we
1375                  * are transitioning from the initrd there might still
1376                  * be journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt
1377                  * opening that before we parsed /proc/cmdline which
1378                  * might redirect output elsewhere. */
1379                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1380
1381         } else if (getpid() == 1) {
1382
1383                 /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */
1384                 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1385                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
1386                 log_open();
1387
1388                 /* For the later on, see above... */
1389                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL);
1390
1391         } else {
1392
1393                 /* Running as user instance */
1394                 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
1395                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1396                 log_open();
1397         }
1398
1399         /* Initialize default unit */
1400         r = set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1401         if (r < 0) {
1402                 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, strerror(-r));
1403                 goto finish;
1404         }
1405
1406         r = initialize_join_controllers();
1407         if (r < 0)
1408                 goto finish;
1409
1410         /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1411          * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1412         if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1413                 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1414                 if (r < 0)
1415                         goto finish;
1416         }
1417
1418         /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1419         assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1420
1421         /* If we are init, we can block sigkill. Yay. */
1422         ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1423
1424         if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1425                 goto finish;
1426
1427         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1428                 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1429                         goto finish;
1430
1431         log_parse_environment();
1432
1433         if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1434                 goto finish;
1435
1436         if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST &&
1437             geteuid() == 0) {
1438                 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1439                 goto finish;
1440         }
1441
1442         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER &&
1443             arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1444             sd_booted() <= 0) {
1445                 log_error("Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd.");
1446                 goto finish;
1447         }
1448
1449         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM &&
1450             arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1451             running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1452                 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1453                 goto finish;
1454         }
1455
1456         if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1457                 retval = help();
1458                 goto finish;
1459         } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
1460                 retval = version();
1461                 goto finish;
1462         } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1463                 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1464                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1465                 goto finish;
1466         } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1467                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1468                 goto finish;
1469         }
1470
1471         assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1472
1473         /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1474         log_close();
1475
1476         /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1477         if (serialization) {
1478                 r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1479                 if (r < 0) {
1480                         log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1481                         goto finish;
1482                 }
1483
1484                 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1485         } else
1486                 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
1487
1488         /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
1489         setenv("PATH",
1490 #ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
1491                "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
1492 #else
1493                "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
1494 #endif
1495                arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM);
1496
1497         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1498                 /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this
1499                  * variables set, but the manager later on will not
1500                  * pass them on to our children. */
1501                 if (!in_initrd())
1502                         parse_initrd_timestamp(&initrd_timestamp);
1503
1504                 /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
1505                  * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
1506                 unsetenv("HOME");
1507                 unsetenv("TERM");
1508
1509                 /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
1510                  * but make little sense to pass on */
1511                 unsetenv("PWD");
1512                 unsetenv("SHLVL");
1513                 unsetenv("_");
1514
1515                 /* When we are invoked by a chroot-like tool such as
1516                  * nspawn, these might be set, but make little sense
1517                  * to pass on */
1518                 unsetenv("USER");
1519                 unsetenv("LOGNAME");
1520
1521                 /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
1522                  * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
1523         }
1524
1525         /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1526         assert_se(chdir("/")  == 0);
1527
1528         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1529                 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1530                 setsid();
1531
1532                 /* Disable the umask logic */
1533                 umask(0);
1534         }
1535
1536         /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
1537         dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
1538
1539         /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1540          * are freshly booted */
1541         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN)
1542                 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
1543
1544         /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1545         log_open();
1546
1547         /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1548          * kernel. */
1549         if (getpid() == 1)
1550                 install_crash_handler();
1551
1552         if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1553                 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1554                 if (r < 0)
1555                         goto finish;
1556         }
1557
1558         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1559                 const char *virtualization = NULL;
1560
1561                 log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1562
1563                 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
1564                 if (virtualization)
1565                         log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
1566
1567                 if (in_initrd())
1568                         log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
1569
1570         } else
1571                 log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1572
1573         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
1574                 locale_setup();
1575
1576                 if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
1577                         status_welcome();
1578
1579 #ifdef HAVE_KMOD
1580                 kmod_setup();
1581 #endif
1582                 hostname_setup();
1583                 machine_id_setup();
1584                 loopback_setup();
1585
1586                 test_mtab();
1587                 test_usr();
1588                 test_cgroups();
1589         }
1590
1591         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1592                 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1593
1594         if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
1595                 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
1596                         log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
1597
1598         if (arg_capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1599                 r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop, true);
1600                 if (r < 0) {
1601                         log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %s", strerror(-r));
1602                         goto finish;
1603                 }
1604                 r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop);
1605                 if (r < 0) {
1606                         log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %s", strerror(-r));
1607                         goto finish;
1608                 }
1609         }
1610
1611         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) {
1612                 /* Become reaper of our children */
1613                 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
1614                         log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
1615                         if (errno == EINVAL)
1616                                 log_info("Perhaps the kernel version is too old (< 3.4?)");
1617                 }
1618         }
1619
1620         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1621                 bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile);
1622
1623         r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
1624         if (r < 0) {
1625                 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1626                 goto finish;
1627         }
1628
1629         m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1630         m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1631         m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1632         m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1633         m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1634
1635         manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
1636
1637         if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&initrd_timestamp))
1638                 m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1639
1640         if (arg_default_controllers)
1641                 manager_set_default_controllers(m, arg_default_controllers);
1642
1643         manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1644
1645         /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
1646         queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
1647
1648         before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1649
1650         r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1651         if (r < 0)
1652                 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1653
1654         /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1655          * not claimed by any unit. */
1656         if (fds) {
1657                 fdset_free(fds);
1658                 fds = NULL;
1659         }
1660
1661         if (serialization) {
1662                 fclose(serialization);
1663                 serialization = NULL;
1664         }
1665
1666         if (queue_default_job) {
1667                 DBusError error;
1668                 Unit *target = NULL;
1669                 Job *default_unit_job;
1670
1671                 dbus_error_init(&error);
1672
1673                 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1674
1675                 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1676                 if (r < 0) {
1677                         log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1678                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1679                 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
1680                         log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1681                 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1682                         log_error("Default target masked.");
1683
1684                 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1685                         log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1686
1687                         r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1688                         if (r < 0) {
1689                                 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1690                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1691                                 goto finish;
1692                         } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR) {
1693                                 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1694                                 goto finish;
1695                         } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1696                                 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1697                                 goto finish;
1698                         }
1699                 }
1700
1701                 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1702
1703                 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1704                         printf("-> By units:\n");
1705                         manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1706                 }
1707
1708                 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1709                 if (r < 0) {
1710                         log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1711                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1712                         goto finish;
1713                 }
1714                 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1715
1716                 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1717                 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1718                          "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1719                           format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup));
1720
1721                 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1722                         printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1723                         manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1724                         retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1725                         goto finish;
1726                 }
1727         }
1728
1729         for (;;) {
1730                 r = manager_loop(m);
1731                 if (r < 0) {
1732                         log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1733                         goto finish;
1734                 }
1735
1736                 switch (m->exit_code) {
1737
1738                 case MANAGER_EXIT:
1739                         retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1740                         log_debug("Exit.");
1741                         goto finish;
1742
1743                 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1744                         log_info("Reloading.");
1745                         r = manager_reload(m);
1746                         if (r < 0)
1747                                 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1748                         break;
1749
1750                 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1751
1752                         if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
1753                                 goto finish;
1754
1755                         reexecute = true;
1756                         log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1757                         goto finish;
1758
1759                 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1760                         /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1761                         switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
1762                         switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1763                         m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1764
1765                         if (!switch_root_init)
1766                                 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
1767                                         goto finish;
1768
1769                         reexecute = true;
1770                         log_notice("Switching root.");
1771                         goto finish;
1772
1773                 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1774                 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1775                 case MANAGER_HALT:
1776                 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1777                         static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1778                                 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1779                                 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1780                                 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1781                                 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1782                         };
1783
1784                         assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1785                         arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1786
1787                         log_notice("Shutting down.");
1788                         goto finish;
1789                 }
1790
1791                 default:
1792                         assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1793                 }
1794         }
1795
1796 finish:
1797         if (m)
1798                 manager_free(m);
1799
1800         for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
1801                 free(arg_default_rlimit[j]);
1802
1803         free(arg_default_unit);
1804         strv_free(arg_default_controllers);
1805         free_join_controllers();
1806
1807         dbus_shutdown();
1808         label_finish();
1809
1810         if (reexecute) {
1811                 const char **args;
1812                 unsigned i, args_size;
1813
1814                 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1815                  * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1816                  * rebooted while we do that */
1817                 watchdog_close(true);
1818
1819                 /* Reset the RLIMIT_NOFILE to the kernel default, so
1820                  * that the new systemd can pass the kernel default to
1821                  * its child processes */
1822                 if (saved_rlimit_nofile.rlim_cur > 0)
1823                         setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &saved_rlimit_nofile);
1824
1825                 if (switch_root_dir) {
1826                         /* Kill all remaining processes from the
1827                          * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
1828                          * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
1829                          * deserializing. */
1830                         broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false);
1831
1832                         /* And switch root */
1833                         r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
1834                         if (r < 0)
1835                                 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1836                 }
1837
1838                 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1839                 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1840
1841                 if (!switch_root_init) {
1842                         char sfd[16];
1843
1844                         /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1845                          * path, and with full serialization. We do
1846                          * this only if the user didn't specify an
1847                          * explicit init to spawn. */
1848
1849                         assert(serialization);
1850                         assert(fds);
1851
1852                         snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1853                         char_array_0(sfd);
1854
1855                         i = 0;
1856                         args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1857                         if (switch_root_dir)
1858                                 args[i++] = "--switched-root";
1859                         args[i++] = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1860                         args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1861                         args[i++] = sfd;
1862                         args[i++] = NULL;
1863
1864                         assert(i <= args_size);
1865                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1866                 }
1867
1868                 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1869                  * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1870                  * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1871                  * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1872                  * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1873
1874                 if (serialization) {
1875                         fclose(serialization);
1876                         serialization = NULL;
1877                 }
1878
1879                 if (fds) {
1880                         fdset_free(fds);
1881                         fds = NULL;
1882                 }
1883
1884                 /* Reopen the console */
1885                 make_console_stdio();
1886
1887                 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1888                         args[i++] = argv[j];
1889                 args[i++] = NULL;
1890                 assert(i <= args_size);
1891
1892                 if (switch_root_init) {
1893                         args[0] = switch_root_init;
1894                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1895                         log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1896                 }
1897
1898                 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1899                 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1900
1901                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1902                         log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
1903
1904                         args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1905                         args[1] = NULL;
1906                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1907                         log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1908                 } else
1909                         log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
1910         }
1911
1912         if (serialization)
1913                 fclose(serialization);
1914
1915         if (fds)
1916                 fdset_free(fds);
1917
1918         if (shutdown_verb) {
1919                 const char * command_line[] = {
1920                         SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1921                         shutdown_verb,
1922                         NULL
1923                 };
1924                 char **env_block;
1925
1926                 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1927                         char e[32];
1928
1929                         /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1930                          * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1931                          * repeatedly ping it */
1932                         watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1933                         watchdog_close(false);
1934
1935                         /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
1936                         snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1937                         char_array_0(e);
1938
1939                         env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
1940                 } else {
1941                         env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1942                         watchdog_close(true);
1943                 }
1944
1945                 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1946                 free(env_block);
1947                 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");
1948         }
1949
1950         if (getpid() == 1)
1951                 freeze();
1952
1953         return retval;
1954 }