man/systemd.network.xml

   1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
   2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
   4
   5 <!--
   6   This file is part of systemd.
   7
   8   Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
   9
  10   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  11   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  12   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  13   (at your option) any later version.
  14
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  18   Lesser General Public License for more details.
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  21   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemd.network" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>
  25
  26         <refentryinfo>
  27                 <title>systemd.network</title>
  28                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30                 <authorgroup>
  31                         <author>
  32                                 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33                                 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
  34                                 <surname>Gundersen</surname>
  35                                 <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
  36                         </author>
  37                 </authorgroup>
  38         </refentryinfo>
  39
  40         <refmeta>
  41                 <refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
  42                 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  43         </refmeta>
  44
  45         <refnamediv>
  46                 <refname>systemd.network</refname>
  47                 <refpurpose>Network configuration</refpurpose>
  48         </refnamediv>
  49
  50         <refsynopsisdiv>
  51                 <para><filename><replaceable>network</replaceable>.network</filename></para>
  52         </refsynopsisdiv>
  53
  54         <refsect1>
  55                 <title>Description</title>
  56
  57                 <para>Network setup is performed by
  58                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
  59                 </para>
  60
  61                 <para>Network files must have the extension <filename>.network</filename>;
  62                 other extensions are ignored. Networks are applied to links whenever the links
  63                 appear.</para>
  64
  65                 <para>The <filename>.network</filename> files are read from the files located in the
  66                 system network directory <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>,
  67                 the volatile runtime network directory
  68                 <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local administration
  69                 network directory <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>.
  70                 All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
  71                 regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
  72                 identical filenames replace each other. Files in
  73                 <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
  74                 <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
  75                 name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to override a
  76                 system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed; a symlink in
  77                 <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a configuration file in
  78                 <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
  79                 disables the configuration file entirely.</para>
  80
  81         </refsect1>
  82
  83         <refsect1>
  84                 <title>[Match] Section Options</title>
  85
  86                         <para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal> section,
  87                         which determines if a given network file may be applied to a given device;
  88                         and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section specifying how the device should
  89                         be configured. The first (in lexical order) of the network files that
  90                         matches a given device is applied.</para>
  91
  92                         <para>A network file is said to match a device if each of the entries in the
  93                         <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if the section is empty.
  94                         The following keys are accepted:</para>
  95
  96                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
  97                                 <varlistentry>
  98                                         <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
  99                                         <listitem>
 100                                                 <para>The hardware address.</para>
 101                                         </listitem>
 102                                 </varlistentry>
 103                                 <varlistentry>
 104                                         <term><varname>Path=</varname></term>
 105                                         <listitem>
 106                                                 <para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev
 107                                                 property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>. May contain shell
 108                                                 style globs.</para>
 109                                         </listitem>
 110                                 </varlistentry>
 111                                 <varlistentry>
 112                                         <term><varname>Driver=</varname></term>
 113                                         <listitem>
 114                                                 <para>The driver currently bound to the device, as
 115                                                 exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>
 116                                                 of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver
 117                                                 as exposed by <literal>ethtool -i</literal> of the
 118                                                 device itself.</para>
 119                                         </listitem>
 120                                 </varlistentry>
 121                                 <varlistentry>
 122                                         <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
 123                                         <listitem>
 124                                                 <para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property
 125                                                 <literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>
 126                                         </listitem>
 127                                 </varlistentry>
 128                                 <varlistentry>
 129                                         <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
 130                                         <listitem>
 131                                                 <para>The device name, as exposed by the udev property
 132                                                 <literal>INTERFACE</literal>. May contain shell style
 133                                                 globs.</para>
 134                                         </listitem>
 135                                 </varlistentry>
 136                                 <varlistentry>
 137                                         <term><varname>Host=</varname></term>
 138                                         <listitem>
 139                                                 <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
 140                                                 host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
 141                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 142                                                 for details.
 143                                                 </para>
 144                                         </listitem>
 145                                 </varlistentry>
 146                                 <varlistentry>
 147                                         <term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>
 148                                         <listitem>
 149                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
 150                                                 environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
 151                                                 implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
 152                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 153                                                 for details.
 154                                                 </para>
 155                                         </listitem>
 156                                 </varlistentry>
 157                                 <varlistentry>
 158                                         <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
 159                                         <listitem>
 160                                                 <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
 161                                                 set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
 162                                                 <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
 163                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 164                                                 for details.
 165                                                 </para>
 166                                         </listitem>
 167                                 </varlistentry>
 168                                 <varlistentry>
 169                                         <term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>
 170                                         <listitem>
 171                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
 172                                                 architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in
 173                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 174                                                 for details.
 175                                                 </para>
 176                                         </listitem>
 177                                 </varlistentry>
 178                         </variablelist>
 179
 180         </refsect1>
 181
 182         <refsect1>
 183                 <title>[Network] Section Options</title>
 184
 185                         <para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 186
 187                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 188                                 <varlistentry>
 189                                         <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
 190                                         <listitem>
 191                                                 <para>A description of the device. This is only used for
 192                                                 presentation purposes.</para>
 193                                         </listitem>
 194                                 </varlistentry>
 195                                 <varlistentry>
 196                                         <term><varname>DHCP=</varname></term>
 197                                         <listitem>
 198                                                 <para>Enables DHCPv4 and/or DHCPv6 support. Accepts
 199                                                 <literal>both</literal>, <literal>none</literal>,
 200                                                 <literal>v4</literal> or <literal>v6</literal>.</para>
 201                                         </listitem>
 202                                 </varlistentry>
 203                                 <varlistentry>
 204                                         <term><varname>DHCPServer=</varname></term>
 205                                         <listitem>
 206                                                 <para>A boolean. Enables a basic DHCPv4 server on the
 207                                                 device. Mostly useful for handing out leases to container
 208                                                 instances.</para>
 209                                         </listitem>
 210                                 </varlistentry>
 211                                 <varlistentry>
 212                                         <term><varname>IPv4LL=</varname></term>
 213                                         <listitem>
 214                                                 <para>A boolean. When true, enables IPv4 link-local support.
 215                                                 </para>
 216                                         </listitem>
 217                                 </varlistentry>
 218                                 <varlistentry>
 219                                         <term><varname>IPv4LLRoute=</varname></term>
 220                                         <listitem>
 221                                                 <para>A boolean. When true, sets up the route needed for
 222                                                 non-IPv4LL hosts to communicate with IPv4LL-only hosts. Defaults
 223                                                 to true.
 224                                                 </para>
 225                                         </listitem>
 226                                 </varlistentry>
 227                                 <varlistentry>
 228                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 229                                         <listitem>
 230                                                 <para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
 231                                                 separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. Specify this
 232                                                 key more than once to configure several addresses.
 233                                                 The format of the address must be as described in
 234                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 235                                                 This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only containing
 236                                                 an Address key (see below). This option may be specified
 237                                                 more than once.
 238                                                 </para>
 239
 240                                                 <para>If the specified
 241                                                 address is 0.0.0.0
 242                                                 (for IPv4) or [::]
 243                                                 (for IPv6), a new
 244                                                 address range of the
 245                                                 requested size is
 246                                                 automatically
 247                                                 allocated from a
 248                                                 system-wide pool of
 249                                                 unused ranges. The
 250                                                 allocated range is
 251                                                 checked against all
 252                                                 current network
 253                                                 interfaces and all
 254                                                 known network
 255                                                 configuration files to
 256                                                 avoid address range
 257                                                 conflicts. The default
 258                                                 system-wide pool
 259                                                 consists of
 260                                                 192.168.0.0/16,
 261                                                 172.16.0.0/12 and
 262                                                 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4,
 263                                                 and fc00::/7 for
 264                                                 IPv6. This
 265                                                 functionality is
 266                                                 useful to manage a
 267                                                 large number of
 268                                                 dynamically created
 269                                                 network interfaces
 270                                                 with the same network
 271                                                 configuration and
 272                                                 automatic address
 273                                                 range
 274                                                 assignment.</para>
 275
 276                                         </listitem>
 277                                 </varlistentry>
 278                                 <varlistentry>
 279                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 280                                         <listitem>
 281                                                 <para>The gateway address, which must be in the format described in
 282                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 283                                                 This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway
 284                                                 key. This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 285                                         </listitem>
 286                                 </varlistentry>
 287                                 <varlistentry>
 288                                         <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>
 289                                         <listitem>
 290                                                 <para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format described in
 291                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 292                                                 This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 293                                         </listitem>
 294                                 </varlistentry>
 295 <!-- TODO: document NTP= option when it is actually used somewhere -->
 296                                 <varlistentry>
 297                                         <term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
 298                                         <listitem>
 299                                                 <para>The name of the bridge to add the link to.</para>
 300                                         </listitem>
 301                                 </varlistentry>
 302                                 <varlistentry>
 303                                         <term><varname>Bond=</varname></term>
 304                                         <listitem>
 305                                                 <para>The name of the bond to add the link to.</para>
 306                                         </listitem>
 307                                 </varlistentry>
 308                                 <varlistentry>
 309                                         <term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>
 310                                         <listitem>
 311                                                 <para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This option
 312                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 313                                         </listitem>
 314                                 </varlistentry>
 315                                 <varlistentry>
 316                                         <term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
 317                                         <listitem>
 318                                                 <para>The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This option
 319                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 320                                         </listitem>
 321                                 </varlistentry>
 322                                 <varlistentry>
 323                                         <term><varname>VXLAN=</varname></term>
 324                                         <listitem>
 325                                                 <para>The name of a VXLAN to create on the link. This option
 326                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 327                                         </listitem>
 328                                 </varlistentry>
 329                                 <varlistentry>
 330                                         <term><varname>Tunnel=</varname></term>
 331                                         <listitem>
 332                                                 <para>The name of a Tunnel to create on the link. This option
 333                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 334                                         </listitem>
 335                                 </varlistentry>
 336                         </variablelist>
 337
 338         </refsect1>
 339
 340         <refsect1>
 341                 <title>[Address] Section Options</title>
 342
 343                         <para>An <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the following keys.
 344                         Specify several <literal>[Address]</literal> sections to configure several
 345                         addresses.</para>
 346
 347                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 348                                 <varlistentry>
 349                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 350                                         <listitem>
 351                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 352                                         </listitem>
 353                                 </varlistentry>
 354                                 <varlistentry>
 355                                         <term><varname>Peer=</varname></term>
 356                                         <listitem>
 357                                                 <para>The peer address in a point-to-point connection. Accepts the same format as
 358                                                 the <literal>Address</literal> key.</para>
 359                                         </listitem>
 360                                 </varlistentry>
 361                                 <varlistentry>
 362                                         <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
 363                                         <listitem>
 364                                                 <para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format described in
 365                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 366                                                 This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not given, it is
 367                                                 derived from the <literal>Address</literal> key.</para>
 368                                         </listitem>
 369                                 </varlistentry>
 370                                 <varlistentry>
 371                                         <term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
 372                                         <listitem>
 373                                                 <para>An address label.</para>
 374                                         </listitem>
 375                                 </varlistentry>
 376                         </variablelist>
 377         </refsect1>
 378
 379         <refsect1>
 380                 <title>[Route] Section Options</title>
 381                         <para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the following keys. Specify
 382                         several <literal>[Route]</literal> sections to configure several routes.</para>
 383
 384                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 385                                 <varlistentry>
 386                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 387                                         <listitem>
 388                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 389                                         </listitem>
 390                                 </varlistentry>
 391                                 <varlistentry>
 392                                         <term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>
 393                                         <listitem>
 394                                                 <para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the
 395                                                 prefixlength. If ommitted, a full-length host route is assumed.</para>
 396                                         </listitem>
 397                                 </varlistentry>
 398                                 <varlistentry>
 399                                         <term><varname>Metric=</varname></term>
 400                                         <listitem>
 401                                                 <para>The metric of the route. An unsigned integer</para>
 402                                         </listitem>
 403                                 </varlistentry>
 404                         </variablelist>
 405         </refsect1>
 406
 407         <refsect1>
 408                 <title>[DHCP] Section Options</title>
 409                         <para>The <literal>[DHCP]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 410
 411                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 412                                 <varlistentry>
 413                                         <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
 414                                         <listitem>
 415                                                 <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will
 416                                                 be used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>
 417                                         </listitem>
 418                                 </varlistentry>
 419                                 <varlistentry>
 420                                         <term><varname>UseMTU=</varname></term>
 421                                         <listitem>
 422                                                 <para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will
 423                                                 be used on the current link. Defaults to false.</para>
 424                                         </listitem>
 425                                 </varlistentry>
 426                                 <varlistentry>
 427                                         <term><varname>SendHostname=</varname></term>
 428                                         <listitem>
 429                                                 <para>When true (the default), the machine's hostname will be sent to the DHCP
 430                                                 server</para>
 431                                         </listitem>
 432                                 </varlistentry>
 433                                 <varlistentry>
 434                                         <term><varname>UseHostname=</varname></term>
 435                                         <listitem>
 436                                                 <para>When true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server
 437                                                 will be used as the transient hostname.</para>
 438                                         </listitem>
 439                                 </varlistentry>
 440                                 <varlistentry>
 441                                         <term><varname>UseRoutes=</varname></term>
 442                                         <listitem>
 443                                                 <para>When true (the default), the static routes will be requested from the DHCP server
 444                                                 and added to the routing table with metric of 1024.</para>
 445                                         </listitem>
 446                                 </varlistentry>
 447                                 <varlistentry>
 448                                         <term><varname>CriticalConnection=</varname></term>
 449                                         <listitem>
 450                                                 <para>When true, the connection will never be torn down even if the DHCP lease
 451                                                 expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice
 452                                                 if, say, the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to false.</para>
 453                                         </listitem>
 454                                 </varlistentry>
 455                                 <varlistentry>
 456                                         <term><varname>VendorClassIdentifier=</varname></term>
 457                                         <listitem>
 458                                                 <para>The vendor class identifier used to identify vendor type and configuration.</para>
 459                                         </listitem>
 460                                 </varlistentry>
 461                                 <varlistentry>
 462                                         <term><varname>RequestBroadcast=</varname></term>
 463                                         <listitem>
 464                                                 <para>Request the server to use broadcast messages before the IP address has been
 465                                                 configured. This is necessary for devices that cannot receive RAW packets, or that
 466                                                 cannot receive packets at all before an IP address has been configured. On the other
 467                                                 hand, this must not be enabled on networks where broadcasts are filtered out.</para>
 468                                         </listitem>
 469                                 </varlistentry>
 470                        </variablelist>
 471
 472         </refsect1>
 473
 474         <refsect1>
 475                 <title>Example</title>
 476                 <example>
 477                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/50-static.network</title>
 478
 479                         <programlisting>[Match]
 480 Name=enp2s0
 481
 482 [Network]
 483 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 484 Gateway=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 485                 </example>
 486
 487                 <example>
 488                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network</title>
 489
 490                         <programlisting>[Match]
 491 Name=en*
 492
 493 [Network]
 494 DHCP=yes</programlisting>
 495                 </example>
 496
 497                 <example>
 498                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network</title>
 499
 500                         <programlisting>[Match]
 501 Name=bridge0
 502
 503 [Network]
 504 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 505 Gateway=192.168.0.1
 506 DNS=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 507                 </example>
 508
 509                 <example>
 510                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network</title>
 511
 512                         <programlisting>[Match]
 513 Name=enp2s0
 514
 515 [Network]
 516 Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>
 517                 </example>
 518                 <example>
 519                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/ipip.network</title>
 520
 521                         <programlisting>[Match]
 522 Name=em1
 523
 524 [Network]
 525 Tunnel=ipip-tun</programlisting>
 526                 </example>
 527
 528                 <example>
 529                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/sit.network</title>
 530
 531                         <programlisting>[Match]
 532 Name=em1
 533
 534 [Network]
 535 Tunnel=sit-tun</programlisting>
 536                 </example>
 537
 538                 <example>
 539                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/gre.network</title>
 540
 541                         <programlisting>[Match]
 542 Name=em1
 543
 544 [Network]
 545 Tunnel=gre-tun</programlisting>
 546                 </example>
 547
 548                 <example>
 549                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/vti.network</title>
 550
 551                         <programlisting>[Match]
 552 Name=em1
 553
 554 [Network]
 555 Tunnel=vti-tun</programlisting>
 556                 </example>
 557         </refsect1>
 558
 559         <refsect1>
 560                 <title>See Also</title>
 561                 <para>
 562                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 563                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 564                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 565                 </para>
 566         </refsect1>
 567
 568 </refentry>