execute.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <assert.h>
  23 #include <dirent.h>
  24 #include <errno.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <unistd.h>
  27 #include <string.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <sys/socket.h>
  30 #include <sys/un.h>
  31 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  32 #include <linux/sched.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <grp.h>
  36 #include <pwd.h>
  37 #include <sys/mount.h>
  38 #include <linux/fs.h>
  39
  40 #include "execute.h"
  41 #include "strv.h"
  42 #include "macro.h"
  43 #include "util.h"
  44 #include "log.h"
  45 #include "ioprio.h"
  46 #include "securebits.h"
  47 #include "cgroup.h"
  48 #include "namespace.h"
  49
  50 /* This assumes there is a 'tty' group */
  51 #define TTY_MODE 0620
  52
  53 static int shift_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
  54         int start, restart_from;
  55
  56         if (n_fds <= 0)
  57                 return 0;
  58
  59         /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */
  60
  61         assert(fds);
  62
  63         start = 0;
  64         for (;;) {
  65                 int i;
  66
  67                 restart_from = -1;
  68
  69                 for (i = start; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
  70                         int nfd;
  71
  72                         /* Already at right index? */
  73                         if (fds[i] == i+3)
  74                                 continue;
  75
  76                         if ((nfd = fcntl(fds[i], F_DUPFD, i+3)) < 0)
  77                                 return -errno;
  78
  79                         close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
  80                         fds[i] = nfd;
  81
  82                         /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then
  83                          * let's remember that and try again from here*/
  84                         if (nfd != i+3 && restart_from < 0)
  85                                 restart_from = i;
  86                 }
  87
  88                 if (restart_from < 0)
  89                         break;
  90
  91                 start = restart_from;
  92         }
  93
  94         return 0;
  95 }
  96
  97 static int flags_fds(const int fds[], unsigned n_fds, bool nonblock) {
  98         unsigned i;
  99         int r;
 100
 101         if (n_fds <= 0)
 102                 return 0;
 103
 104         assert(fds);
 105
 106         /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags */
 107
 108         for (i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) {
 109
 110                 if ((r = fd_nonblock(fds[i], nonblock)) < 0)
 111                         return r;
 112
 113                 /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds,
 114                  * since after all we want to pass these fds to our
 115                  * children */
 116
 117                 if ((r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], false)) < 0)
 118                         return r;
 119         }
 120
 121         return 0;
 122 }
 123
 124 static const char *tty_path(const ExecContext *context) {
 125         assert(context);
 126
 127         if (context->tty_path)
 128                 return context->tty_path;
 129
 130         return "/dev/console";
 131 }
 132
 133 static int open_null_as(int flags, int nfd) {
 134         int fd, r;
 135
 136         assert(nfd >= 0);
 137
 138         if ((fd = open("/dev/null", flags|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 139                 return -errno;
 140
 141         if (fd != nfd) {
 142                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 143                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 144         } else
 145                 r = nfd;
 146
 147         return r;
 148 }
 149
 150 static int connect_logger_as(const ExecContext *context, ExecOutput output, const char *ident, int nfd) {
 151         int fd, r;
 152         union {
 153                 struct sockaddr sa;
 154                 struct sockaddr_un un;
 155         } sa;
 156
 157         assert(context);
 158         assert(output < _EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX);
 159         assert(ident);
 160         assert(nfd >= 0);
 161
 162         if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
 163                 return -errno;
 164
 165         zero(sa);
 166         sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
 167         strncpy(sa.un.sun_path+1, LOGGER_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)-1);
 168
 169         if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0) {
 170                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 171                 return -errno;
 172         }
 173
 174         if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) < 0) {
 175                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 176                 return -errno;
 177         }
 178
 179         /* We speak a very simple protocol between log server
 180          * and client: one line for the log destination (kmsg
 181          * or syslog), followed by the priority field,
 182          * followed by the process name. Since we replaced
 183          * stdin/stderr we simple use stdio to write to
 184          * it. Note that we use stderr, to minimize buffer
 185          * flushing issues. */
 186
 187         dprintf(fd,
 188                 "%s\n"
 189                 "%i\n"
 190                 "%s\n",
 191                 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL ? "kmsg" : "syslog",
 192                 context->syslog_priority,
 193                 context->syslog_identifier ? context->syslog_identifier : ident);
 194
 195         if (fd != nfd) {
 196                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 197                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 198         } else
 199                 r = nfd;
 200
 201         return r;
 202 }
 203 static int open_terminal_as(const char *path, mode_t mode, int nfd) {
 204         int fd, r;
 205
 206         assert(path);
 207         assert(nfd >= 0);
 208
 209         if ((fd = open_terminal(path, mode | O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 210                 return fd;
 211
 212         if (fd != nfd) {
 213                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 214                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 215         } else
 216                 r = nfd;
 217
 218         return r;
 219 }
 220
 221 static bool is_terminal_input(ExecInput i) {
 222         return
 223                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY ||
 224                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE ||
 225                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL;
 226 }
 227
 228 static int fixup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
 229         assert(context);
 230
 231         if (socket_fd < 0 && context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET)
 232                 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
 233
 234         return context->std_input;
 235 }
 236
 237 static int fixup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
 238         assert(context);
 239
 240         if (socket_fd < 0 && context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET)
 241                 return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
 242
 243         return context->std_output;
 244 }
 245
 246 static int fixup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
 247         assert(context);
 248
 249         if (socket_fd < 0 && context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET)
 250                 return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
 251
 252         return context->std_error;
 253 }
 254
 255 static int setup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
 256         ExecInput i;
 257
 258         assert(context);
 259
 260         i = fixup_input(context, socket_fd);
 261
 262         switch (i) {
 263
 264         case EXEC_INPUT_NULL:
 265                 return open_null_as(O_RDONLY, STDIN_FILENO);
 266
 267         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY:
 268         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE:
 269         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL: {
 270                 int fd, r;
 271
 272                 if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 273                                      tty_path(context),
 274                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 275                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE)) < 0)
 276                         return fd;
 277
 278                 if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
 279                         r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 280                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 281                 } else
 282                         r = STDIN_FILENO;
 283
 284                 return r;
 285         }
 286
 287         case EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET:
 288                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 289
 290         default:
 291                 assert_not_reached("Unknown input type");
 292         }
 293 }
 294
 295 static int setup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident) {
 296         ExecOutput o;
 297         ExecInput i;
 298
 299         assert(context);
 300         assert(ident);
 301
 302         i = fixup_input(context, socket_fd);
 303         o = fixup_output(context, socket_fd);
 304
 305         /* This expects the input is already set up */
 306
 307         switch (o) {
 308
 309         case EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT:
 310
 311                 /* If the input is connected to a terminal, inherit that... */
 312                 if (is_terminal_input(i) || i == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET)
 313                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 314
 315                 return STDIN_FILENO;
 316
 317         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 318                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 319
 320         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 321                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 322                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 323
 324                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 325                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 326
 327         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 328         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL:
 329                 return connect_logger_as(context, o, ident, STDOUT_FILENO);
 330
 331         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 332                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 333                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 334
 335         default:
 336                 assert_not_reached("Unknown output type");
 337         }
 338 }
 339
 340 static int setup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident) {
 341         ExecOutput o, e;
 342         ExecInput i;
 343
 344         assert(context);
 345         assert(ident);
 346
 347         i = fixup_input(context, socket_fd);
 348         o = fixup_output(context, socket_fd);
 349         e = fixup_error(context, socket_fd);
 350
 351         /* This expects the input and output are already set up */
 352
 353         /* Don't change the stderr file descriptor if we inherit all
 354          * the way and are not on a tty */
 355         if (e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 356             o == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 357             !is_terminal_input(i))
 358                 return STDERR_FILENO;
 359
 360         /* Duplicate form stdout if possible */
 361         if (e == o || e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT)
 362                 return dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 363
 364         switch (e) {
 365
 366         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 367                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 368
 369         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 370                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 371                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 372
 373                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 374                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 375
 376         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 377         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL:
 378                 return connect_logger_as(context, e, ident, STDERR_FILENO);
 379
 380         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 381                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 382                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 383
 384         default:
 385                 assert_not_reached("Unknown error type");
 386         }
 387 }
 388
 389 static int chown_terminal(int fd, uid_t uid) {
 390         struct stat st;
 391
 392         assert(fd >= 0);
 393
 394         /* This might fail. What matters are the results. */
 395         (void) fchown(fd, uid, -1);
 396         (void) fchmod(fd, TTY_MODE);
 397
 398         if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
 399                 return -errno;
 400
 401         if (st.st_uid != uid || (st.st_mode & 0777) != TTY_MODE)
 402                 return -EPERM;
 403
 404         return 0;
 405 }
 406
 407 static int setup_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 408                                int *_saved_stdin,
 409                                int *_saved_stdout) {
 410         int fd = -1, saved_stdin, saved_stdout = -1, r;
 411
 412         assert(context);
 413         assert(_saved_stdin);
 414         assert(_saved_stdout);
 415
 416         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 417          * negative errno style values! */
 418
 419         if ((saved_stdin = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0)
 420                 return EXIT_STDIN;
 421
 422         if ((saved_stdout = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0) {
 423                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 424                 goto fail;
 425         }
 426
 427         if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 428                              tty_path(context),
 429                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 430                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE)) < 0) {
 431                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 432                 goto fail;
 433         }
 434
 435         if (chown_terminal(fd, getuid()) < 0) {
 436                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 437                 goto fail;
 438         }
 439
 440         if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
 441                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 442                 goto fail;
 443         }
 444
 445         if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
 446                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 447                 goto fail;
 448         }
 449
 450         if (fd >= 2)
 451                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 452
 453         *_saved_stdin = saved_stdin;
 454         *_saved_stdout = saved_stdout;
 455
 456         return 0;
 457
 458 fail:
 459         if (saved_stdout >= 0)
 460                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
 461
 462         if (saved_stdin >= 0)
 463                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
 464
 465         if (fd >= 0)
 466                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 467
 468         return r;
 469 }
 470
 471 static int restore_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 472                                  int *saved_stdin,
 473                                  int *saved_stdout,
 474                                  bool *keep_stdin,
 475                                  bool *keep_stdout) {
 476
 477         assert(context);
 478         assert(saved_stdin);
 479         assert(*saved_stdin >= 0);
 480         assert(saved_stdout);
 481         assert(*saved_stdout >= 0);
 482
 483         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 484          * negative errno style values! */
 485
 486         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) {
 487
 488                 /* The service wants terminal input. */
 489
 490                 *keep_stdin = true;
 491                 *keep_stdout =
 492                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT ||
 493                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY;
 494
 495         } else {
 496                 /* If the service doesn't want a controlling terminal,
 497                  * then we need to get rid entirely of what we have
 498                  * already. */
 499
 500                 if (release_terminal() < 0)
 501                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 502
 503                 if (dup2(*saved_stdin, STDIN_FILENO) < 0)
 504                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 505
 506                 if (dup2(*saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
 507                         return EXIT_STDOUT;
 508
 509                 *keep_stdout = *keep_stdin = false;
 510         }
 511
 512         return 0;
 513 }
 514
 515 static int get_group_creds(const char *groupname, gid_t *gid) {
 516         struct group *g;
 517         unsigned long lu;
 518
 519         assert(groupname);
 520         assert(gid);
 521
 522         /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
 523          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 524
 525         if (streq(groupname, "root") || streq(groupname, "0")) {
 526                 *gid = 0;
 527                 return 0;
 528         }
 529
 530         if (safe_atolu(groupname, &lu) >= 0) {
 531                 errno = 0;
 532                 g = getgrgid((gid_t) lu);
 533         } else {
 534                 errno = 0;
 535                 g = getgrnam(groupname);
 536         }
 537
 538         if (!g)
 539                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 540
 541         *gid = g->gr_gid;
 542         return 0;
 543 }
 544
 545 static int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
 546         struct passwd *p;
 547         unsigned long lu;
 548
 549         assert(username);
 550         assert(*username);
 551         assert(uid);
 552         assert(gid);
 553         assert(home);
 554
 555         /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
 556          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 557
 558         if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
 559                 *username = "root";
 560                 *uid = 0;
 561                 *gid = 0;
 562                 *home = "/root";
 563                 return 0;
 564         }
 565
 566         if (safe_atolu(*username, &lu) >= 0) {
 567                 errno = 0;
 568                 p = getpwuid((uid_t) lu);
 569
 570                 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
 571                  * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
 572                  * of the first occurence in the database. However if
 573                  * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
 574                  * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
 575                 if (*username && p)
 576                         *username = p->pw_name;
 577         } else {
 578                 errno = 0;
 579                 p = getpwnam(*username);
 580         }
 581
 582         if (!p)
 583                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 584
 585         *uid = p->pw_uid;
 586         *gid = p->pw_gid;
 587         *home = p->pw_dir;
 588         return 0;
 589 }
 590
 591 static int enforce_groups(const ExecContext *context, const char *username, gid_t gid) {
 592         bool keep_groups = false;
 593         int r;
 594
 595         assert(context);
 596
 597         /* Lookup and ser GID and supplementary group list. Here too
 598          * we avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. */
 599
 600         if (context->group || username) {
 601
 602                 if (context->group)
 603                         if ((r = get_group_creds(context->group, &gid)) < 0)
 604                                 return r;
 605
 606                 /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */
 607                 if (username && gid != 0) {
 608                         if (initgroups(username, gid) < 0)
 609                                 return -errno;
 610
 611                         keep_groups = true;
 612                 }
 613
 614                 /* Second step, set our gids */
 615                 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
 616                         return -errno;
 617         }
 618
 619         if (context->supplementary_groups) {
 620                 int ngroups_max, k;
 621                 gid_t *gids;
 622                 char **i;
 623
 624                 /* Final step, initialize any manually set supplementary groups */
 625                 ngroups_max = (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
 626
 627                 if (!(gids = new(gid_t, ngroups_max)))
 628                         return -ENOMEM;
 629
 630                 if (keep_groups) {
 631                         if ((k = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids)) < 0) {
 632                                 free(gids);
 633                                 return -errno;
 634                         }
 635                 } else
 636                         k = 0;
 637
 638                 STRV_FOREACH(i, context->supplementary_groups) {
 639
 640                         if (k >= ngroups_max) {
 641                                 free(gids);
 642                                 return -E2BIG;
 643                         }
 644
 645                         if ((r = get_group_creds(*i, gids+k)) < 0) {
 646                                 free(gids);
 647                                 return r;
 648                         }
 649
 650                         k++;
 651                 }
 652
 653                 if (setgroups(k, gids) < 0) {
 654                         free(gids);
 655                         return -errno;
 656                 }
 657
 658                 free(gids);
 659         }
 660
 661         return 0;
 662 }
 663
 664 static int enforce_user(const ExecContext *context, uid_t uid) {
 665         int r;
 666         assert(context);
 667
 668         /* Sets (but doesn't lookup) the uid and make sure we keep the
 669          * capabilities while doing so. */
 670
 671         if (context->capabilities) {
 672                 cap_t d;
 673                 static const cap_value_t bits[] = {
 674                         CAP_SETUID,   /* Necessary so that we can run setresuid() below */
 675                         CAP_SETPCAP   /* Necessary so that we can set PR_SET_SECUREBITS later on */
 676                 };
 677
 678                 /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but
 679                  * drop privileges we need to make sure we keep our
 680                  * caps, whiel we drop priviliges. */
 681                 if (uid != 0) {
 682                         int sb = context->secure_bits|SECURE_KEEP_CAPS;
 683
 684                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != sb)
 685                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, sb) < 0)
 686                                         return -errno;
 687                 }
 688
 689                 /* Second step: set the capabilites. This will reduce
 690                  * the capabilities to the minimum we need. */
 691
 692                 if (!(d = cap_dup(context->capabilities)))
 693                         return -errno;
 694
 695                 if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0 ||
 696                     cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0) {
 697                         r = -errno;
 698                         cap_free(d);
 699                         return r;
 700                 }
 701
 702                 if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0) {
 703                         r = -errno;
 704                         cap_free(d);
 705                         return r;
 706                 }
 707
 708                 cap_free(d);
 709         }
 710
 711         /* Third step: actually set the uids */
 712         if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
 713                 return -errno;
 714
 715         /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but
 716            are otherwise a normal user. However, the caps might got
 717            corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up
 718            later. This is done outside of this call. */
 719
 720         return 0;
 721 }
 722
 723 int exec_spawn(ExecCommand *command,
 724                char **argv,
 725                const ExecContext *context,
 726                int fds[], unsigned n_fds,
 727                char **environment,
 728                bool apply_permissions,
 729                bool apply_chroot,
 730                bool confirm_spawn,
 731                CGroupBonding *cgroup_bondings,
 732                pid_t *ret) {
 733
 734         pid_t pid;
 735         int r;
 736         char *line;
 737         int socket_fd;
 738
 739         assert(command);
 740         assert(context);
 741         assert(ret);
 742         assert(fds || n_fds <= 0);
 743
 744         if (context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET ||
 745             context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET ||
 746             context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET) {
 747
 748                 if (n_fds != 1)
 749                         return -EINVAL;
 750
 751                 socket_fd = fds[0];
 752
 753                 fds = NULL;
 754                 n_fds = 0;
 755         } else
 756                 socket_fd = -1;
 757
 758         if (!argv)
 759                 argv = command->argv;
 760
 761         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv)))
 762                 return -ENOMEM;
 763
 764         log_debug("About to execute: %s", line);
 765         free(line);
 766
 767         if (cgroup_bondings)
 768                 if ((r = cgroup_bonding_realize_list(cgroup_bondings)))
 769                         return r;
 770
 771         if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
 772                 return -errno;
 773
 774         if (pid == 0) {
 775                 int i;
 776                 sigset_t ss;
 777                 const char *username = NULL, *home = NULL;
 778                 uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1;
 779                 gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1;
 780                 char **our_env = NULL, **final_env = NULL;
 781                 unsigned n_env = 0;
 782                 int saved_stdout = -1, saved_stdin = -1;
 783                 bool keep_stdout = false, keep_stdin = false;
 784
 785                 /* child */
 786
 787                 reset_all_signal_handlers();
 788
 789                 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
 790                     sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0) {
 791                         r = EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK;
 792                         goto fail;
 793                 }
 794
 795                 if (!context->no_setsid)
 796                         if (setsid() < 0) {
 797                                 r = EXIT_SETSID;
 798                                 goto fail;
 799                         }
 800
 801                 if (confirm_spawn) {
 802                         char response;
 803
 804                         /* Set up terminal for the question */
 805                         if ((r = setup_confirm_stdio(context,
 806                                                      &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout)))
 807                                 goto fail;
 808
 809                         /* Now ask the question. */
 810                         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) {
 811                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 812                                 goto fail;
 813                         }
 814
 815                         r = ask(&response, "yns", "Execute %s? [Yes, No, Skip] ", line);
 816                         free(line);
 817
 818                         if (r < 0 || response == 'n') {
 819                                 r = EXIT_CONFIRM;
 820                                 goto fail;
 821                         } else if (response == 's') {
 822                                 r = 0;
 823                                 goto fail;
 824                         }
 825
 826                         /* Release terminal for the question */
 827                         if ((r = restore_confirm_stdio(context,
 828                                                        &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout,
 829                                                        &keep_stdin, &keep_stdout)))
 830                                 goto fail;
 831                 }
 832
 833                 if (!keep_stdin)
 834                         if (setup_input(context, socket_fd) < 0) {
 835                                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 836                                 goto fail;
 837                         }
 838
 839                 if (!keep_stdout)
 840                         if (setup_output(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path)) < 0) {
 841                                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 842                                 goto fail;
 843                         }
 844
 845                 if (setup_error(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path)) < 0) {
 846                         r = EXIT_STDERR;
 847                         goto fail;
 848                 }
 849
 850                 if (cgroup_bondings)
 851                         if ((r = cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, 0)) < 0) {
 852                                 r = EXIT_CGROUP;
 853                                 goto fail;
 854                         }
 855
 856                 if (context->oom_adjust_set) {
 857                         char t[16];
 858
 859                         snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", context->oom_adjust);
 860                         char_array_0(t);
 861
 862                         if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_adj", t) < 0) {
 863                                 r = EXIT_OOM_ADJUST;
 864                                 goto fail;
 865                         }
 866                 }
 867
 868                 if (context->nice_set)
 869                         if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, context->nice) < 0) {
 870                                 r = EXIT_NICE;
 871                                 goto fail;
 872                         }
 873
 874                 if (context->cpu_sched_set) {
 875                         struct sched_param param;
 876
 877                         zero(param);
 878                         param.sched_priority = context->cpu_sched_priority;
 879
 880                         if (sched_setscheduler(0, context->cpu_sched_policy |
 881                                                (context->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork ? SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK : 0), &param) < 0) {
 882                                 r = EXIT_SETSCHEDULER;
 883                                 goto fail;
 884                         }
 885                 }
 886
 887                 if (context->cpu_affinity_set)
 888                         if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(context->cpu_affinity), &context->cpu_affinity) < 0) {
 889                                 r = EXIT_CPUAFFINITY;
 890                                 goto fail;
 891                         }
 892
 893                 if (context->ioprio_set)
 894                         if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, context->ioprio) < 0) {
 895                                 r = EXIT_IOPRIO;
 896                                 goto fail;
 897                         }
 898
 899                 if (context->timer_slack_ns_set)
 900                         if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, context->timer_slack_ns_set) < 0) {
 901                                 r = EXIT_TIMERSLACK;
 902                                 goto fail;
 903                         }
 904
 905                 if (strv_length(context->read_write_dirs) > 0 ||
 906                     strv_length(context->read_only_dirs) > 0 ||
 907                     strv_length(context->inaccessible_dirs) > 0 ||
 908                     context->mount_flags != MS_SHARED ||
 909                     context->private_tmp)
 910                         if ((r = setup_namespace(
 911                                              context->read_write_dirs,
 912                                              context->read_only_dirs,
 913                                              context->inaccessible_dirs,
 914                                              context->private_tmp,
 915                                              context->mount_flags)) < 0)
 916                                 goto fail;
 917
 918                 if (context->user) {
 919                         username = context->user;
 920                         if (get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home) < 0) {
 921                                 r = EXIT_USER;
 922                                 goto fail;
 923                         }
 924
 925                         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
 926                                 if (chown_terminal(STDIN_FILENO, uid) < 0) {
 927                                         r = EXIT_STDIN;
 928                                         goto fail;
 929                                 }
 930                 }
 931
 932                 if (apply_permissions)
 933                         if (enforce_groups(context, username, uid) < 0) {
 934                                 r = EXIT_GROUP;
 935                                 goto fail;
 936                         }
 937
 938                 umask(context->umask);
 939
 940                 if (apply_chroot) {
 941                         if (context->root_directory)
 942                                 if (chroot(context->root_directory) < 0) {
 943                                         r = EXIT_CHROOT;
 944                                         goto fail;
 945                                 }
 946
 947                         if (chdir(context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "/") < 0) {
 948                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
 949                                 goto fail;
 950                         }
 951                 } else {
 952
 953                         char *d;
 954
 955                         if (asprintf(&d, "%s/%s",
 956                                      context->root_directory ? context->root_directory : "",
 957                                      context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "") < 0) {
 958                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 959                                 goto fail;
 960                         }
 961
 962                         if (chdir(d) < 0) {
 963                                 free(d);
 964                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
 965                                 goto fail;
 966                         }
 967
 968                         free(d);
 969                 }
 970
 971                 if (close_all_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
 972                     shift_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
 973                     flags_fds(fds, n_fds, context->non_blocking) < 0) {
 974                         r = EXIT_FDS;
 975                         goto fail;
 976                 }
 977
 978                 if (apply_permissions) {
 979
 980                         for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) {
 981                                 if (!context->rlimit[i])
 982                                         continue;
 983
 984                                 if (setrlimit(i, context->rlimit[i]) < 0) {
 985                                         r = EXIT_LIMITS;
 986                                         goto fail;
 987                                 }
 988                         }
 989
 990                         if (context->user)
 991                                 if (enforce_user(context, uid) < 0) {
 992                                         r = EXIT_USER;
 993                                         goto fail;
 994                                 }
 995
 996                         /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not priviliged, while
 997                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress
 998                          * potential EPERMs we'll try not to call
 999                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. */
1000                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != context->secure_bits)
1001                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, context->secure_bits) < 0) {
1002                                         r = EXIT_SECUREBITS;
1003                                         goto fail;
1004                                 }
1005
1006                         if (context->capabilities)
1007                                 if (cap_set_proc(context->capabilities) < 0) {
1008                                         r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
1009                                         goto fail;
1010                                 }
1011                 }
1012
1013                 if (!(our_env = new0(char*, 6))) {
1014                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1015                         goto fail;
1016                 }
1017
1018                 if (n_fds > 0)
1019                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_PID=%llu", (unsigned long long) getpid()) < 0 ||
1020                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fds) < 0) {
1021                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1022                                 goto fail;
1023                         }
1024
1025                 if (home)
1026                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "HOME=%s", home) < 0) {
1027                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1028                                 goto fail;
1029                         }
1030
1031                 if (username)
1032                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LOGNAME=%s", username) < 0 ||
1033                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "USER=%s", username) < 0) {
1034                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1035                                 goto fail;
1036                         }
1037
1038                 assert(n_env <= 6);
1039
1040                 if (!(final_env = strv_env_merge(environment, our_env, context->environment, NULL))) {
1041                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1042                         goto fail;
1043                 }
1044
1045                 execve(command->path, argv, final_env);
1046                 r = EXIT_EXEC;
1047
1048         fail:
1049                 strv_free(our_env);
1050                 strv_free(final_env);
1051
1052                 if (saved_stdin >= 0)
1053                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
1054
1055                 if (saved_stdout >= 0)
1056                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
1057
1058                 _exit(r);
1059         }
1060
1061         /* We add the new process to the cgroup both in the child (so
1062          * that we can be sure that no user code is ever executed
1063          * outside of the cgroup) and in the parent (so that we can be
1064          * sure that when we kill the cgroup the process will be
1065          * killed too). */
1066         if (cgroup_bondings)
1067                 cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, pid);
1068
1069         log_debug("Forked %s as %llu", command->path, (unsigned long long) pid);
1070
1071         command->exec_status.pid = pid;
1072         command->exec_status.start_timestamp = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1073
1074         *ret = pid;
1075         return 0;
1076 }
1077
1078 void exec_context_init(ExecContext *c) {
1079         assert(c);
1080
1081         c->umask = 0002;
1082         c->ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0);
1083         c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
1084         c->syslog_priority = LOG_DAEMON|LOG_INFO;
1085         c->mount_flags = MS_SHARED;
1086 }
1087
1088 void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) {
1089         unsigned l;
1090
1091         assert(c);
1092
1093         strv_free(c->environment);
1094         c->environment = NULL;
1095
1096         for (l = 0; l < ELEMENTSOF(c->rlimit); l++) {
1097                 free(c->rlimit[l]);
1098                 c->rlimit[l] = NULL;
1099         }
1100
1101         free(c->working_directory);
1102         c->working_directory = NULL;
1103         free(c->root_directory);
1104         c->root_directory = NULL;
1105
1106         free(c->tty_path);
1107         c->tty_path = NULL;
1108
1109         free(c->syslog_identifier);
1110         c->syslog_identifier = NULL;
1111
1112         free(c->user);
1113         c->user = NULL;
1114
1115         free(c->group);
1116         c->group = NULL;
1117
1118         strv_free(c->supplementary_groups);
1119         c->supplementary_groups = NULL;
1120
1121         if (c->capabilities) {
1122                 cap_free(c->capabilities);
1123                 c->capabilities = NULL;
1124         }
1125
1126         strv_free(c->read_only_dirs);
1127         c->read_only_dirs = NULL;
1128
1129         strv_free(c->read_write_dirs);
1130         c->read_write_dirs = NULL;
1131
1132         strv_free(c->inaccessible_dirs);
1133         c->inaccessible_dirs = NULL;
1134 }
1135
1136 void exec_command_done(ExecCommand *c) {
1137         assert(c);
1138
1139         free(c->path);
1140         c->path = NULL;
1141
1142         strv_free(c->argv);
1143         c->argv = NULL;
1144 }
1145
1146 void exec_command_done_array(ExecCommand *c, unsigned n) {
1147         unsigned i;
1148
1149         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
1150                 exec_command_done(c+i);
1151 }
1152
1153 void exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand *c) {
1154         ExecCommand *i;
1155
1156         while ((i = c)) {
1157                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecCommand, command, c, i);
1158                 exec_command_done(i);
1159                 free(i);
1160         }
1161 }
1162
1163 void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand **c, unsigned n) {
1164         unsigned i;
1165
1166         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1167                 exec_command_free_list(c[i]);
1168                 c[i] = NULL;
1169         }
1170 }
1171
1172 static void strv_fprintf(FILE *f, char **l) {
1173         char **g;
1174
1175         assert(f);
1176
1177         STRV_FOREACH(g, l)
1178                 fprintf(f, " %s", *g);
1179 }
1180
1181 void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
1182         char ** e;
1183         unsigned i;
1184
1185         assert(c);
1186         assert(f);
1187
1188         if (!prefix)
1189                 prefix = "";
1190
1191         fprintf(f,
1192                 "%sUMask: %04o\n"
1193                 "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n"
1194                 "%sRootDirectory: %s\n"
1195                 "%sNonBlocking: %s\n"
1196                 "%sPrivateTmp: %s\n",
1197                 prefix, c->umask,
1198                 prefix, c->working_directory ? c->working_directory : "/",
1199                 prefix, c->root_directory ? c->root_directory : "/",
1200                 prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking),
1201                 prefix, yes_no(c->private_tmp));
1202
1203         if (c->environment)
1204                 for (e = c->environment; *e; e++)
1205                         fprintf(f, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix, *e);
1206
1207         if (c->nice_set)
1208                 fprintf(f,
1209                         "%sNice: %i\n",
1210                         prefix, c->nice);
1211
1212         if (c->oom_adjust_set)
1213                 fprintf(f,
1214                         "%sOOMAdjust: %i\n",
1215                         prefix, c->oom_adjust);
1216
1217         for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
1218                 if (c->rlimit[i])
1219                         fprintf(f, "%s%s: %llu\n", prefix, rlimit_to_string(i), (unsigned long long) c->rlimit[i]->rlim_max);
1220
1221         if (c->ioprio_set)
1222                 fprintf(f,
1223                         "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n"
1224                         "%sIOPriority: %i\n",
1225                         prefix, ioprio_class_to_string(IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(c->ioprio)),
1226                         prefix, (int) IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(c->ioprio));
1227
1228         if (c->cpu_sched_set)
1229                 fprintf(f,
1230                         "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n"
1231                         "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n"
1232                         "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n",
1233                         prefix, sched_policy_to_string(c->cpu_sched_policy),
1234                         prefix, c->cpu_sched_priority,
1235                         prefix, yes_no(c->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork));
1236
1237         if (c->cpu_affinity_set) {
1238                 fprintf(f, "%sCPUAffinity:", prefix);
1239                 for (i = 0; i < CPU_SETSIZE; i++)
1240                         if (CPU_ISSET(i, &c->cpu_affinity))
1241                                 fprintf(f, " %i", i);
1242                 fputs("\n", f);
1243         }
1244
1245         if (c->timer_slack_ns_set)
1246                 fprintf(f, "%sTimerSlackNS: %lu\n", prefix, c->timer_slack_ns);
1247
1248         fprintf(f,
1249                 "%sStandardInput: %s\n"
1250                 "%sStandardOutput: %s\n"
1251                 "%sStandardError: %s\n",
1252                 prefix, exec_input_to_string(c->std_input),
1253                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_output),
1254                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_error));
1255
1256         if (c->tty_path)
1257                 fprintf(f,
1258                         "%sTTYPath: %s\n",
1259                         prefix, c->tty_path);
1260
1261         if (c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL ||
1262             c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL)
1263                 fprintf(f,
1264                         "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n"
1265                         "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n",
1266                         prefix, log_facility_to_string(LOG_FAC(c->syslog_priority)),
1267                         prefix, log_level_to_string(LOG_PRI(c->syslog_priority)));
1268
1269         if (c->capabilities) {
1270                 char *t;
1271                 if ((t = cap_to_text(c->capabilities, NULL))) {
1272                         fprintf(f, "%sCapabilities: %s\n",
1273                                 prefix, t);
1274                         cap_free(t);
1275                 }
1276         }
1277
1278         if (c->secure_bits)
1279                 fprintf(f, "%sSecure Bits:%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
1280                         prefix,
1281                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) ? " keep-caps" : "",
1282                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? " keep-caps-locked" : "",
1283                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? " no-setuid-fixup" : "",
1284                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? " no-setuid-fixup-locked" : "",
1285                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT) ? " noroot" : "",
1286                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "noroot-locked" : "");
1287
1288         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1289                 fprintf(f, "%sCapabilityBoundingSetDrop:", prefix);
1290
1291                 for (i = 0; i <= CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
1292                         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop & (1 << i)) {
1293                                 char *t;
1294
1295                                 if ((t = cap_to_name(i))) {
1296                                         fprintf(f, " %s", t);
1297                                         free(t);
1298                                 }
1299                         }
1300
1301                 fputs("\n", f);
1302         }
1303
1304         if (c->user)
1305                 fprintf(f, "%sUser: %s", prefix, c->user);
1306         if (c->group)
1307                 fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s", prefix, c->group);
1308
1309         if (strv_length(c->supplementary_groups) > 0) {
1310                 fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix);
1311                 strv_fprintf(f, c->supplementary_groups);
1312                 fputs("\n", f);
1313         }
1314
1315         if (strv_length(c->read_write_dirs) > 0) {
1316                 fprintf(f, "%sReadWriteDirs:", prefix);
1317                 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_write_dirs);
1318                 fputs("\n", f);
1319         }
1320
1321         if (strv_length(c->read_only_dirs) > 0) {
1322                 fprintf(f, "%sReadOnlyDirs:", prefix);
1323                 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_only_dirs);
1324                 fputs("\n", f);
1325         }
1326
1327         if (strv_length(c->inaccessible_dirs) > 0) {
1328                 fprintf(f, "%sInaccessibleDirs:", prefix);
1329                 strv_fprintf(f, c->inaccessible_dirs);
1330                 fputs("\n", f);
1331         }
1332 }
1333
1334 void exec_status_fill(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
1335         assert(s);
1336
1337         s->pid = pid;
1338         s->exit_timestamp = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1339
1340         s->code = code;
1341         s->status = status;
1342 }
1343
1344 void exec_status_dump(ExecStatus *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1345         char buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
1346
1347         assert(s);
1348         assert(f);
1349
1350         if (!prefix)
1351                 prefix = "";
1352
1353         if (s->pid <= 0)
1354                 return;
1355
1356         fprintf(f,
1357                 "%sPID: %llu\n",
1358                 prefix, (unsigned long long) s->pid);
1359
1360         if (s->start_timestamp > 0)
1361                 fprintf(f,
1362                         "%sStart Timestamp: %s\n",
1363                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->start_timestamp));
1364
1365         if (s->exit_timestamp > 0)
1366                 fprintf(f,
1367                         "%sExit Timestamp: %s\n"
1368                         "%sExit Code: %s\n"
1369                         "%sExit Status: %i\n",
1370                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->exit_timestamp),
1371                         prefix, sigchld_code_to_string(s->code),
1372                         prefix, s->status);
1373 }
1374
1375 char *exec_command_line(char **argv) {
1376         size_t k;
1377         char *n, *p, **a;
1378         bool first = true;
1379
1380         assert(argv);
1381
1382         k = 1;
1383         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv)
1384                 k += strlen(*a)+3;
1385
1386         if (!(n = new(char, k)))
1387                 return NULL;
1388
1389         p = n;
1390         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) {
1391
1392                 if (!first)
1393                         *(p++) = ' ';
1394                 else
1395                         first = false;
1396
1397                 if (strpbrk(*a, WHITESPACE)) {
1398                         *(p++) = '\'';
1399                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1400                         *(p++) = '\'';
1401                 } else
1402                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1403
1404         }
1405
1406         *p = 0;
1407
1408         /* FIXME: this doesn't really handle arguments that have
1409          * spaces and ticks in them */
1410
1411         return n;
1412 }
1413
1414 void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1415         char *p2;
1416         const char *prefix2;
1417
1418         char *cmd;
1419
1420         assert(c);
1421         assert(f);
1422
1423         if (!prefix)
1424                 prefix = "";
1425         p2 = strappend(prefix, "\t");
1426         prefix2 = p2 ? p2 : prefix;
1427
1428         cmd = exec_command_line(c->argv);
1429
1430         fprintf(f,
1431                 "%sCommand Line: %s\n",
1432                 prefix, cmd ? cmd : strerror(ENOMEM));
1433
1434         free(cmd);
1435
1436         exec_status_dump(&c->exec_status, f, prefix2);
1437
1438         free(p2);
1439 }
1440
1441 void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1442         assert(f);
1443
1444         if (!prefix)
1445                 prefix = "";
1446
1447         LIST_FOREACH(command, c, c)
1448                 exec_command_dump(c, f, prefix);
1449 }
1450
1451 void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand **l, ExecCommand *e) {
1452         ExecCommand *end;
1453
1454         assert(l);
1455         assert(e);
1456
1457         if (*l) {
1458                 /* It's kinda important that we keep the order here */
1459                 LIST_FIND_TAIL(ExecCommand, command, *l, end);
1460                 LIST_INSERT_AFTER(ExecCommand, command, *l, end, e);
1461         } else
1462               *l = e;
1463 }
1464
1465 int exec_command_set(ExecCommand *c, const char *path, ...) {
1466         va_list ap;
1467         char **l, *p;
1468
1469         assert(c);
1470         assert(path);
1471
1472         va_start(ap, path);
1473         l = strv_new_ap(path, ap);
1474         va_end(ap);
1475
1476         if (!l)
1477                 return -ENOMEM;
1478
1479         if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1480                 strv_free(l);
1481                 return -ENOMEM;
1482         }
1483
1484         free(c->path);
1485         c->path = p;
1486
1487         strv_free(c->argv);
1488         c->argv = l;
1489
1490         return 0;
1491 }
1492
1493 const char* exit_status_to_string(ExitStatus status) {
1494
1495         /* We cast to int here, so that -Wenum doesn't complain that
1496          * EXIT_SUCCESS/EXIT_FAILURE aren't in the enum */
1497
1498         switch ((int) status) {
1499
1500         case EXIT_SUCCESS:
1501                 return "SUCCESS";
1502
1503         case EXIT_FAILURE:
1504                 return "FAILURE";
1505
1506         case EXIT_INVALIDARGUMENT:
1507                 return "INVALIDARGUMENT";
1508
1509         case EXIT_NOTIMPLEMENTED:
1510                 return "NOTIMPLEMENTED";
1511
1512         case EXIT_NOPERMISSION:
1513                 return "NOPERMISSION";
1514
1515         case EXIT_NOTINSTALLED:
1516                 return "NOTINSSTALLED";
1517
1518         case EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED:
1519                 return "NOTCONFIGURED";
1520
1521         case EXIT_NOTRUNNING:
1522                 return "NOTRUNNING";
1523
1524         case EXIT_CHDIR:
1525                 return "CHDIR";
1526
1527         case EXIT_NICE:
1528                 return "NICE";
1529
1530         case EXIT_FDS:
1531                 return "FDS";
1532
1533         case EXIT_EXEC:
1534                 return "EXEC";
1535
1536         case EXIT_MEMORY:
1537                 return "MEMORY";
1538
1539         case EXIT_LIMITS:
1540                 return "LIMITS";
1541
1542         case EXIT_OOM_ADJUST:
1543                 return "OOM_ADJUST";
1544
1545         case EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK:
1546                 return "SIGNAL_MASK";
1547
1548         case EXIT_STDIN:
1549                 return "STDIN";
1550
1551         case EXIT_STDOUT:
1552                 return "STDOUT";
1553
1554         case EXIT_CHROOT:
1555                 return "CHROOT";
1556
1557         case EXIT_IOPRIO:
1558                 return "IOPRIO";
1559
1560         case EXIT_TIMERSLACK:
1561                 return "TIMERSLACK";
1562
1563         case EXIT_SECUREBITS:
1564                 return "SECUREBITS";
1565
1566         case EXIT_SETSCHEDULER:
1567                 return "SETSCHEDULER";
1568
1569         case EXIT_CPUAFFINITY:
1570                 return "CPUAFFINITY";
1571
1572         case EXIT_GROUP:
1573                 return "GROUP";
1574
1575         case EXIT_USER:
1576                 return "USER";
1577
1578         case EXIT_CAPABILITIES:
1579                 return "CAPABILITIES";
1580
1581         case EXIT_CGROUP:
1582                 return "CGROUP";
1583
1584         case EXIT_SETSID:
1585                 return "SETSID";
1586
1587         case EXIT_CONFIRM:
1588                 return "CONFIRM";
1589
1590         case EXIT_STDERR:
1591                 return "STDERR";
1592
1593         default:
1594                 return NULL;
1595         }
1596 }
1597
1598 static const char* const exec_input_table[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX] = {
1599         [EXEC_INPUT_NULL] = "null",
1600         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1601         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE] = "tty-force",
1602         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL] = "tty-fail",
1603         [EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1604 };
1605
1606 static const char* const exec_output_table[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX] = {
1607         [EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT] = "inherit",
1608         [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL] = "null",
1609         [EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1610         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG] = "syslog",
1611         [EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL] = "kernel",
1612         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1613 };
1614
1615 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output, ExecOutput);
1616
1617 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input, ExecInput);