execute.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <assert.h>
  23 #include <dirent.h>
  24 #include <errno.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <unistd.h>
  27 #include <string.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <sys/socket.h>
  30 #include <sys/un.h>
  31 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  32 #include <linux/sched.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <grp.h>
  36 #include <pwd.h>
  37
  38 #include "execute.h"
  39 #include "strv.h"
  40 #include "macro.h"
  41 #include "util.h"
  42 #include "log.h"
  43 #include "ioprio.h"
  44 #include "securebits.h"
  45 #include "cgroup.h"
  46
  47 static int shift_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
  48         int start, restart_from;
  49
  50         if (n_fds <= 0)
  51                 return 0;
  52
  53         /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */
  54
  55         assert(fds);
  56
  57         start = 0;
  58         for (;;) {
  59                 int i;
  60
  61                 restart_from = -1;
  62
  63                 for (i = start; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
  64                         int nfd;
  65
  66                         /* Already at right index? */
  67                         if (fds[i] == i+3)
  68                                 continue;
  69
  70                         if ((nfd = fcntl(fds[i], F_DUPFD, i+3)) < 0)
  71                                 return -errno;
  72
  73                         assert_se(close_nointr(fds[i]) == 0);
  74                         fds[i] = nfd;
  75
  76                         /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then
  77                          * let's remember that and try again from here*/
  78                         if (nfd != i+3 && restart_from < 0)
  79                                 restart_from = i;
  80                 }
  81
  82                 if (restart_from < 0)
  83                         break;
  84
  85                 start = restart_from;
  86         }
  87
  88         return 0;
  89 }
  90
  91 static int flags_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds, bool nonblock) {
  92         unsigned i;
  93         int r;
  94
  95         if (n_fds <= 0)
  96                 return 0;
  97
  98         assert(fds);
  99
 100         /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags */
 101
 102         for (i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) {
 103
 104                 if ((r = fd_nonblock(fds[i], nonblock)) < 0)
 105                         return r;
 106
 107                 /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds,
 108                  * since after all we want to pass these fds to our
 109                  * children */
 110
 111                 if ((r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], false)) < 0)
 112                         return r;
 113         }
 114
 115         return 0;
 116 }
 117
 118 static int replace_null_fd(int fd, int flags) {
 119         int nfd;
 120         assert(fd >= 0);
 121
 122         close_nointr(fd);
 123
 124         if ((nfd = open("/dev/null", flags|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 125                 return -errno;
 126
 127         if (nfd != fd) {
 128                 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
 129                 return -EIO;
 130         }
 131
 132         return 0;
 133 }
 134
 135 static int setup_output(const ExecContext *context, const char *ident) {
 136         int r;
 137
 138         assert(context);
 139
 140         switch (context->output) {
 141
 142         case EXEC_OUTPUT_CONSOLE:
 143                 return 0;
 144
 145         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 146
 147                 if ((r = replace_null_fd(STDOUT_FILENO, O_WRONLY)) < 0 ||
 148                     (r = replace_null_fd(STDERR_FILENO, O_WRONLY)) < 0)
 149                         return r;
 150
 151                 return 0;
 152
 153         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL:
 154         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG: {
 155
 156                 int fd;
 157                 union {
 158                         struct sockaddr sa;
 159                         struct sockaddr_un un;
 160                 } sa;
 161
 162                 close_nointr(STDOUT_FILENO);
 163                 close_nointr(STDERR_FILENO);
 164
 165                 if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
 166                         return -errno;
 167
 168                 if (fd != STDOUT_FILENO) {
 169                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 170                         return -EIO;
 171                 }
 172
 173                 zero(sa);
 174                 sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
 175                 strncpy(sa.un.sun_path+1, LOGGER_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)-1);
 176
 177                 if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0) {
 178                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 179                         return -errno;
 180                 }
 181
 182                 if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) < 0) {
 183                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 184                         return -errno;
 185                 }
 186
 187                 if ((fd = dup(fd)) < 0) {
 188                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 189                         return -errno;
 190                 }
 191
 192                 if (fd != STDERR_FILENO) {
 193                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 194                         return -EIO;
 195                 }
 196
 197                 /* We speak a very simple protocol between log server
 198                  * and client: one line for the log destination (kmsg
 199                  * or syslog), followed by the priority field,
 200                  * followed by the process name. Since we replaced
 201                  * stdin/stderr we simple use stdio to write to
 202                  * it. Note that we use stderr, to minimize buffer
 203                  * flushing issues. */
 204
 205                 fprintf(stderr,
 206                         "%s\n"
 207                         "%i\n"
 208                         "%s\n",
 209                         context->output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL ? "kmsg" : "syslog",
 210                         context->syslog_priority,
 211                         context->syslog_identifier ? context->syslog_identifier : ident);
 212
 213                 return 0;
 214         }
 215
 216         default:
 217                 assert_not_reached("Unknown output type");
 218         }
 219 }
 220
 221 static int setup_input(const ExecContext *context) {
 222         int r;
 223
 224         assert(context);
 225
 226         switch (context->input) {
 227
 228         case EXEC_INPUT_CONSOLE:
 229                 return 0;
 230
 231         case EXEC_INPUT_NULL:
 232                 if ((r = replace_null_fd(STDIN_FILENO, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
 233                         return r;
 234
 235                 return 0;
 236
 237         default:
 238                 assert_not_reached("Unknown input type");
 239         }
 240 }
 241
 242 static int get_group_creds(const char *groupname, gid_t *gid) {
 243         struct group *g;
 244         unsigned long lu;
 245
 246         assert(groupname);
 247         assert(gid);
 248
 249         /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
 250          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 251
 252         if (streq(groupname, "root") || streq(groupname, "0")) {
 253                 *gid = 0;
 254                 return 0;
 255         }
 256
 257         if (safe_atolu(groupname, &lu) >= 0) {
 258                 errno = 0;
 259                 g = getgrgid((gid_t) lu);
 260         } else {
 261                 errno = 0;
 262                 g = getgrnam(groupname);
 263         }
 264
 265         if (!g)
 266                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 267
 268         *gid = g->gr_gid;
 269         return 0;
 270 }
 271
 272 static int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
 273         struct passwd *p;
 274         unsigned long lu;
 275
 276         assert(username);
 277         assert(*username);
 278         assert(uid);
 279         assert(gid);
 280         assert(home);
 281
 282         /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
 283          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 284
 285         if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
 286                 *username = "root";
 287                 *uid = 0;
 288                 *gid = 0;
 289                 *home = "/root";
 290                 return 0;
 291         }
 292
 293         if (safe_atolu(*username, &lu) >= 0) {
 294                 errno = 0;
 295                 p = getpwuid((uid_t) lu);
 296
 297                 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
 298                  * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
 299                  * of the first occurence in the database. However if
 300                  * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
 301                  * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
 302                 if (*username && p)
 303                         *username = p->pw_name;
 304         } else {
 305                 errno = 0;
 306                 p = getpwnam(*username);
 307         }
 308
 309         if (!p)
 310                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 311
 312         *uid = p->pw_uid;
 313         *gid = p->pw_gid;
 314         *home = p->pw_dir;
 315         return 0;
 316 }
 317
 318 static int enforce_groups(const ExecContext *context, const char *username, gid_t gid) {
 319         bool keep_groups = false;
 320         int r;
 321
 322         assert(context);
 323
 324         /* Lookup and ser GID and supplementary group list. Here too
 325          * we avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. */
 326
 327         if (context->group || username) {
 328
 329                 if (context->group)
 330                         if ((r = get_group_creds(context->group, &gid)) < 0)
 331                                 return r;
 332
 333                 /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */
 334                 if (username && gid != 0) {
 335                         if (initgroups(username, gid) < 0)
 336                                 return -errno;
 337
 338                         keep_groups = true;
 339                 }
 340
 341                 /* Second step, set our gids */
 342                 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
 343                         return -errno;
 344         }
 345
 346         if (context->supplementary_groups) {
 347                 int ngroups_max, k;
 348                 gid_t *gids;
 349                 char **i;
 350
 351                 /* Final step, initialize any manually set supplementary groups */
 352                 ngroups_max = (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
 353
 354                 if (!(gids = new(gid_t, ngroups_max)))
 355                         return -ENOMEM;
 356
 357                 if (keep_groups) {
 358                         if ((k = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids)) < 0) {
 359                                 free(gids);
 360                                 return -errno;
 361                         }
 362                 } else
 363                         k = 0;
 364
 365                 STRV_FOREACH(i, context->supplementary_groups) {
 366
 367                         if (k >= ngroups_max) {
 368                                 free(gids);
 369                                 return -E2BIG;
 370                         }
 371
 372                         if ((r = get_group_creds(*i, gids+k)) < 0) {
 373                                 free(gids);
 374                                 return r;
 375                         }
 376
 377                         k++;
 378                 }
 379
 380                 if (setgroups(k, gids) < 0) {
 381                         free(gids);
 382                         return -errno;
 383                 }
 384
 385                 free(gids);
 386         }
 387
 388         return 0;
 389 }
 390
 391 static int enforce_user(const ExecContext *context, uid_t uid) {
 392         int r;
 393         assert(context);
 394
 395         /* Sets (but doesn't lookup) the uid and make sure we keep the
 396          * capabilities while doing so. */
 397
 398         if (context->capabilities) {
 399                 cap_t d;
 400                 static const cap_value_t bits[] = {
 401                         CAP_SETUID,   /* Necessary so that we can run setresuid() below */
 402                         CAP_SETPCAP   /* Necessary so that we can set PR_SET_SECUREBITS later on */
 403                 };
 404
 405                 /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but
 406                  * drop privileges we need to make sure we keep our
 407                  * caps, whiel we drop priviliges. */
 408                 if (uid != 0) {
 409                         int sb = context->secure_bits|SECURE_KEEP_CAPS;
 410
 411                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != sb)
 412                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, sb) < 0)
 413                                         return -errno;
 414                 }
 415
 416                 /* Second step: set the capabilites. This will reduce
 417                  * the capabilities to the minimum we need. */
 418
 419                 if (!(d = cap_dup(context->capabilities)))
 420                         return -errno;
 421
 422                 if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0 ||
 423                     cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0) {
 424                         r = -errno;
 425                         cap_free(d);
 426                         return r;
 427                 }
 428
 429                 if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0) {
 430                         r = -errno;
 431                         cap_free(d);
 432                         return r;
 433                 }
 434
 435                 cap_free(d);
 436         }
 437
 438         /* Third step: actually set the uids */
 439         if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
 440                 return -errno;
 441
 442         /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but
 443            are otherwise a normal user. However, the caps might got
 444            corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up
 445            later. This is done outside of this call. */
 446
 447         return 0;
 448 }
 449
 450 int exec_spawn(const ExecCommand *command,
 451                const ExecContext *context,
 452                int *fds, unsigned n_fds,
 453                bool apply_permissions,
 454                bool apply_chroot,
 455                CGroupBonding *cgroup_bondings,
 456                pid_t *ret) {
 457
 458         pid_t pid;
 459         int r;
 460
 461         assert(command);
 462         assert(context);
 463         assert(ret);
 464         assert(fds || n_fds <= 0);
 465
 466         log_debug("About to execute %s", command->path);
 467
 468         if (cgroup_bondings)
 469                 if ((r = cgroup_bonding_realize_list(cgroup_bondings)))
 470                         return r;
 471
 472         if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
 473                 return -errno;
 474
 475         if (pid == 0) {
 476                 int i;
 477                 sigset_t ss;
 478                 const char *username = NULL, *home = NULL;
 479                 uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1;
 480                 gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1;
 481                 char **our_env = NULL, **final_env = NULL;
 482                 unsigned n_env = 0;
 483
 484                 /* child */
 485
 486                 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
 487                     sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0) {
 488                         r = EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK;
 489                         goto fail;
 490                 }
 491
 492                 if (setpgid(0, 0) < 0) {
 493                         r = EXIT_PGID;
 494                         goto fail;
 495                 }
 496
 497                 umask(context->umask);
 498
 499                 if (setup_input(context) < 0) {
 500                         r = EXIT_INPUT;
 501                         goto fail;
 502                 }
 503
 504                 if (setup_output(context, file_name_from_path(command->path)) < 0) {
 505                         r = EXIT_OUTPUT;
 506                         goto fail;
 507                 }
 508
 509                 if (cgroup_bondings)
 510                         if ((r = cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, 0)) < 0) {
 511                                 r = EXIT_CGROUP;
 512                                 goto fail;
 513                         }
 514
 515                 if (context->oom_adjust_set) {
 516                         char t[16];
 517
 518                         snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", context->oom_adjust);
 519                         char_array_0(t);
 520
 521                         if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_adj", t) < 0) {
 522                                 r = EXIT_OOM_ADJUST;
 523                                 goto fail;
 524                         }
 525                 }
 526
 527                 if (context->nice_set)
 528                         if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, context->nice) < 0) {
 529                                 r = EXIT_NICE;
 530                                 goto fail;
 531                         }
 532
 533                 if (context->cpu_sched_set) {
 534                         struct sched_param param;
 535
 536                         zero(param);
 537                         param.sched_priority = context->cpu_sched_priority;
 538
 539                         if (sched_setscheduler(0, context->cpu_sched_policy |
 540                                                (context->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork ? SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK : 0), &param) < 0) {
 541                                 r = EXIT_SETSCHEDULER;
 542                                 goto fail;
 543                         }
 544                 }
 545
 546                 if (context->cpu_affinity_set)
 547                         if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(context->cpu_affinity), &context->cpu_affinity) < 0) {
 548                                 r = EXIT_CPUAFFINITY;
 549                                 goto fail;
 550                         }
 551
 552                 if (context->ioprio_set)
 553                         if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, context->ioprio) < 0) {
 554                                 r = EXIT_IOPRIO;
 555                                 goto fail;
 556                         }
 557
 558                 if (context->timer_slack_ns_set)
 559                         if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, context->timer_slack_ns_set) < 0) {
 560                                 r = EXIT_TIMERSLACK;
 561                                 goto fail;
 562                         }
 563
 564                 if (context->user) {
 565                         username = context->user;
 566                         if (get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home) < 0) {
 567                                 r = EXIT_USER;
 568                                 goto fail;
 569                         }
 570                 }
 571
 572                 if (apply_permissions)
 573                         if (enforce_groups(context, username, uid) < 0) {
 574                                 r = EXIT_GROUP;
 575                                 goto fail;
 576                         }
 577
 578                 if (apply_chroot) {
 579                         if (context->root_directory)
 580                                 if (chroot(context->root_directory) < 0) {
 581                                         r = EXIT_CHROOT;
 582                                         goto fail;
 583                                 }
 584
 585                         if (chdir(context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "/") < 0) {
 586                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
 587                                 goto fail;
 588                         }
 589                 } else {
 590
 591                         char *d;
 592
 593                         if (asprintf(&d, "%s/%s",
 594                                      context->root_directory ? context->root_directory : "",
 595                                      context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "") < 0) {
 596                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 597                                 goto fail;
 598                         }
 599
 600                         if (chdir(d) < 0) {
 601                                 free(d);
 602                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
 603                                 goto fail;
 604                         }
 605
 606                         free(d);
 607                 }
 608
 609                 if (close_all_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
 610                     shift_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
 611                     flags_fds(fds, n_fds, context->non_blocking) < 0) {
 612                         r = EXIT_FDS;
 613                         goto fail;
 614                 }
 615
 616                 if (apply_permissions) {
 617
 618                         for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) {
 619                                 if (!context->rlimit[i])
 620                                         continue;
 621
 622                                 if (setrlimit(i, context->rlimit[i]) < 0) {
 623                                         r = EXIT_LIMITS;
 624                                         goto fail;
 625                                 }
 626                         }
 627
 628                         if (context->user)
 629                                 if (enforce_user(context, uid) < 0) {
 630                                         r = EXIT_USER;
 631                                         goto fail;
 632                                 }
 633
 634                         /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not priviliged, while
 635                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress
 636                          * potential EPERMs we'll try not to call
 637                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. */
 638                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != context->secure_bits)
 639                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, context->secure_bits) < 0) {
 640                                         r = EXIT_SECUREBITS;
 641                                         goto fail;
 642                                 }
 643
 644                         if (context->capabilities)
 645                                 if (cap_set_proc(context->capabilities) < 0) {
 646                                         r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
 647                                         goto fail;
 648                                 }
 649                 }
 650
 651                 if (!(our_env = new0(char*, 6))) {
 652                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 653                         goto fail;
 654                 }
 655
 656                 if (n_fds > 0)
 657                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_PID=%llu", (unsigned long long) getpid()) < 0 ||
 658                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fds) < 0) {
 659                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 660                                 goto fail;
 661                         }
 662
 663                 if (home)
 664                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "HOME=%s", home) < 0) {
 665                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 666                                 goto fail;
 667                         }
 668
 669                 if (username)
 670                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LOGNAME=%s", username) < 0 ||
 671                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "USER=%s", username) < 0) {
 672                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 673                                 goto fail;
 674                         }
 675
 676                 if (!(final_env = strv_env_merge(environ, our_env, context->environment, NULL))) {
 677                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 678                         goto fail;
 679                 }
 680
 681                 execve(command->path, command->argv, final_env);
 682                 r = EXIT_EXEC;
 683
 684         fail:
 685                 strv_free(our_env);
 686                 strv_free(final_env);
 687
 688                 _exit(r);
 689         }
 690
 691
 692         log_debug("Forked %s as %llu", command->path, (unsigned long long) pid);
 693
 694         *ret = pid;
 695         return 0;
 696 }
 697
 698 void exec_context_init(ExecContext *c) {
 699         assert(c);
 700
 701         c->umask = 0002;
 702         c->oom_adjust = 0;
 703         c->oom_adjust_set = false;
 704         c->nice = 0;
 705         c->nice_set = false;
 706         c->ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0);
 707         c->ioprio_set = false;
 708         c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
 709         c->cpu_sched_priority = 0;
 710         c->cpu_sched_set = false;
 711         CPU_ZERO(&c->cpu_affinity);
 712         c->cpu_affinity_set = false;
 713
 714         c->input = 0;
 715         c->output = 0;
 716         c->syslog_priority = LOG_DAEMON|LOG_INFO;
 717
 718         c->secure_bits = 0;
 719         c->capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
 720 }
 721
 722 void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) {
 723         unsigned l;
 724
 725         assert(c);
 726
 727         strv_free(c->environment);
 728         c->environment = NULL;
 729
 730         for (l = 0; l < ELEMENTSOF(c->rlimit); l++) {
 731                 free(c->rlimit[l]);
 732                 c->rlimit[l] = NULL;
 733         }
 734
 735         free(c->working_directory);
 736         c->working_directory = NULL;
 737         free(c->root_directory);
 738         c->root_directory = NULL;
 739
 740         free(c->syslog_identifier);
 741         c->syslog_identifier = NULL;
 742
 743         free(c->user);
 744         c->user = NULL;
 745
 746         free(c->group);
 747         c->group = NULL;
 748
 749         strv_free(c->supplementary_groups);
 750         c->supplementary_groups = NULL;
 751
 752         if (c->capabilities) {
 753                 cap_free(c->capabilities);
 754                 c->capabilities = NULL;
 755         }
 756 }
 757
 758 void exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand *c) {
 759         ExecCommand *i;
 760
 761         while ((i = c)) {
 762                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecCommand, command, c, i);
 763
 764                 free(i->path);
 765                 strv_free(i->argv);
 766                 free(i);
 767         }
 768 }
 769
 770 void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand **c, unsigned n) {
 771         unsigned i;
 772
 773         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 774                 exec_command_free_list(c[i]);
 775                 c[i] = NULL;
 776         }
 777 }
 778
 779 void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
 780         char ** e;
 781         unsigned i;
 782
 783         assert(c);
 784         assert(f);
 785
 786         if (!prefix)
 787                 prefix = "";
 788
 789         fprintf(f,
 790                 "%sUMask: %04o\n"
 791                 "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n"
 792                 "%sRootDirectory: %s\n"
 793                 "%sNonBlocking: %s\n",
 794                 prefix, c->umask,
 795                 prefix, c->working_directory ? c->working_directory : "/",
 796                 prefix, c->root_directory ? c->root_directory : "/",
 797                 prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking));
 798
 799         if (c->environment)
 800                 for (e = c->environment; *e; e++)
 801                         fprintf(f, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix, *e);
 802
 803         if (c->nice_set)
 804                 fprintf(f,
 805                         "%sNice: %i\n",
 806                         prefix, c->nice);
 807
 808         if (c->oom_adjust_set)
 809                 fprintf(f,
 810                         "%sOOMAdjust: %i\n",
 811                         prefix, c->oom_adjust);
 812
 813         for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
 814                 if (c->rlimit[i])
 815                         fprintf(f, "%s%s: %llu\n", prefix, rlimit_to_string(i), (unsigned long long) c->rlimit[i]->rlim_max);
 816
 817         if (c->ioprio_set)
 818                 fprintf(f,
 819                         "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n"
 820                         "%sIOPriority: %i\n",
 821                         prefix, ioprio_class_to_string(IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(c->ioprio)),
 822                         prefix, (int) IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(c->ioprio));
 823
 824         if (c->cpu_sched_set)
 825                 fprintf(f,
 826                         "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n"
 827                         "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n"
 828                         "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n",
 829                         prefix, sched_policy_to_string(c->cpu_sched_policy),
 830                         prefix, c->cpu_sched_priority,
 831                         prefix, yes_no(c->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork));
 832
 833         if (c->cpu_affinity_set) {
 834                 fprintf(f, "%sCPUAffinity:", prefix);
 835                 for (i = 0; i < CPU_SETSIZE; i++)
 836                         if (CPU_ISSET(i, &c->cpu_affinity))
 837                                 fprintf(f, " %i", i);
 838                 fputs("\n", f);
 839         }
 840
 841         if (c->timer_slack_ns_set)
 842                 fprintf(f, "%sTimerSlackNS: %lu\n", prefix, c->timer_slack_ns);
 843
 844         fprintf(f,
 845                 "%sInput: %s\n"
 846                 "%sOutput: %s\n",
 847                 prefix, exec_input_to_string(c->input),
 848                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->output));
 849
 850         if (c->output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL)
 851                 fprintf(f,
 852                         "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n"
 853                         "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n",
 854                         prefix, log_facility_to_string(LOG_FAC(c->syslog_priority)),
 855                         prefix, log_level_to_string(LOG_PRI(c->syslog_priority)));
 856
 857         if (c->capabilities) {
 858                 char *t;
 859                 if ((t = cap_to_text(c->capabilities, NULL))) {
 860                         fprintf(f, "%sCapabilities: %s\n",
 861                                 prefix, t);
 862                         cap_free(t);
 863                 }
 864         }
 865
 866         if (c->secure_bits)
 867                 fprintf(f, "%sSecure Bits:%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
 868                         prefix,
 869                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) ? " keep-caps" : "",
 870                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? " keep-caps-locked" : "",
 871                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? " no-setuid-fixup" : "",
 872                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? " no-setuid-fixup-locked" : "",
 873                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT) ? " noroot" : "",
 874                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "noroot-locked" : "");
 875
 876         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop) {
 877                 fprintf(f, "%sCapabilityBoundingSetDrop:", prefix);
 878
 879                 for (i = 0; i <= CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
 880                         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop & (1 << i)) {
 881                                 char *t;
 882
 883                                 if ((t = cap_to_name(i))) {
 884                                         fprintf(f, " %s", t);
 885                                         free(t);
 886                                 }
 887                         }
 888
 889                 fputs("\n", f);
 890         }
 891
 892         if (c->user)
 893                 fprintf(f, "%sUser: %s", prefix, c->user);
 894         if (c->group)
 895                 fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s", prefix, c->group);
 896
 897         if (c->supplementary_groups) {
 898                 char **g;
 899
 900                 fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix);
 901
 902                 STRV_FOREACH(g, c->supplementary_groups)
 903                         fprintf(f, " %s", *g);
 904
 905                 fputs("\n", f);
 906         }
 907 }
 908
 909 void exec_status_fill(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
 910         assert(s);
 911
 912         s->pid = pid;
 913         s->code = code;
 914         s->status = status;
 915         s->timestamp = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
 916 }
 917
 918 char *exec_command_line(ExecCommand *c) {
 919         size_t k;
 920         char *n, *p, **a;
 921         bool first = true;
 922
 923         assert(c);
 924         assert(c->argv);
 925
 926         k = 1;
 927         STRV_FOREACH(a, c->argv)
 928                 k += strlen(*a)+3;
 929
 930         if (!(n = new(char, k)))
 931                 return NULL;
 932
 933         p = n;
 934         STRV_FOREACH(a, c->argv) {
 935
 936                 if (!first)
 937                         *(p++) = ' ';
 938                 else
 939                         first = false;
 940
 941                 if (strpbrk(*a, WHITESPACE)) {
 942                         *(p++) = '\'';
 943                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
 944                         *(p++) = '\'';
 945                 } else
 946                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
 947
 948         }
 949
 950         *p = 0;
 951
 952         /* FIXME: this doesn't really handle arguments that have
 953          * spaces and ticks in them */
 954
 955         return n;
 956 }
 957
 958 void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
 959         char *cmd;
 960
 961         assert(c);
 962         assert(f);
 963
 964         if (!prefix)
 965                 prefix = "";
 966
 967         cmd = exec_command_line(c);
 968
 969         fprintf(f,
 970                 "%sCommand Line: %s\n",
 971                 prefix, cmd ? cmd : strerror(ENOMEM));
 972
 973         free(cmd);
 974 }
 975
 976 void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
 977         assert(f);
 978
 979         if (!prefix)
 980                 prefix = "";
 981
 982         LIST_FOREACH(command, c, c)
 983                 exec_command_dump(c, f, prefix);
 984 }
 985
 986 void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand **l, ExecCommand *e) {
 987         ExecCommand *end;
 988
 989         assert(l);
 990         assert(e);
 991
 992         if (*l) {
 993                 /* It's kinda important that we keep the order here */
 994                 LIST_FIND_TAIL(ExecCommand, command, *l, end);
 995                 LIST_INSERT_AFTER(ExecCommand, command, *l, end, e);
 996         } else
 997               *l = e;
 998 }
 999
1000 static const char* const exec_output_table[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX] = {
1001         [EXEC_OUTPUT_CONSOLE] = "console",
1002         [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL] = "null",
1003         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG] = "syslog",
1004         [EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL] = "kernel"
1005 };
1006
1007 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output, ExecOutput);
1008
1009 static const char* const exec_input_table[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX] = {
1010         [EXEC_INPUT_NULL] = "null",
1011         [EXEC_INPUT_CONSOLE] = "console"
1012 };
1013
1014 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input, ExecInput);